메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue , 2008, Pages S37-S43

Thyroid carcinoma: Molecular pathways and therapeutic targets

Author keywords

BRAF; Inhibitors; MAPK; Mutations; RET; Thyroid cancer

Indexed keywords

AAL 881; B RAF KINASE; LBT 613; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; PROTEIN RET; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; RAS PROTEIN; SORAFENIB; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PAX8; VANDETANIB;

EID: 42549088683     PISSN: 08933952     EISSN: 15300285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2008.10     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (334)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0032535770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national cancer data base report on 53 856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the US, 1985-1995
    • Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, et al. A national cancer data base report on 53 856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the US, 1985-1995. Cancer 1998;83:2638-2648.
    • (1998) Cancer , vol.83 , pp. 2638-2648
    • Hundahl, S.A.1    Fleming, I.D.2    Fremgen, A.M.3
  • 2
    • 0037379904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer: Genetic evidence for constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma
    • Kimura ET, Nikiforova MN, Zhu Z, et al. High prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer: genetic evidence for constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Res 2003;63:1454-1457.
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 1454-1457
    • Kimura, E.T.1    Nikiforova, M.N.2    Zhu, Z.3
  • 3
    • 33646828701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of papillary thyroid cancer initiation: Implications for therapy
    • discussion 269-271
    • Fagin JA. Genetics of papillary thyroid cancer initiation: Implications for therapy. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2005;116:259-269; discussion 269-271.
    • (2005) Trans am Clin Climatol Assoc , vol.116 , pp. 259-269
    • Fagin, J.A.1
  • 4
    • 33645307434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia
    • Kondo T, Ezzat S, Asa SL. Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia. Nat Rev 2006;6: 292-306.
    • (2006) Nat Rev , vol.6 , pp. 292-306
    • Kondo, T.1    Ezzat, S.2    Asa, S.L.3
  • 5
    • 0038664387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
    • Cohen Y, Xing M, Mambo E, et al. BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:625-627.
    • (2003) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.95 , pp. 625-627
    • Cohen, Y.1    Xing, M.2    Mambo, E.3
  • 6
    • 21244457181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer
    • Xing M. BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005;12:245-262.
    • (2005) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 245-262
    • Xing, M.1
  • 7
    • 28044443680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of the BRAF gene in thyroid tumors
    • Ciampi R, Nikiforov YE. Alterations of the BRAF gene in thyroid tumors. Endocr Pathol 2005;16:163-172.
    • (2005) Endocr Pathol , vol.16 , pp. 163-172
    • Ciampi, R.1    Nikiforov, Y.E.2
  • 8
    • 12144289677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF
    • Wan PT, Garnett MJ, Roe SM, et al. Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF. Cell 2004;116:855-867.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.116 , pp. 855-867
    • Wan, P.T.1    Garnett, M.J.2    Roe, S.M.3
  • 9
    • 33645232222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between genetic alterations and microscopic features, clinical manifestations, and prognostic characteristics of thyroid papillary carcinomas
    • Adeniran AJ, Zhu Z, Gandhi M, et al. Correlation between genetic alterations and microscopic features, clinical manifestations, and prognostic characteristics of thyroid papillary carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:216-222.
    • (2006) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.30 , pp. 216-222
    • Adeniran, A.J.1    Zhu, Z.2    Gandhi, M.3
  • 10
    • 10744222003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutations in thyroid tumors are restricted to papillary carcinomas and anaplastic or poorly differentiated carcinomas arising from papillary carcinomas
    • Nikiforova MN, Kimura ET, Gandhi M, et al. BRAF mutations in thyroid tumors are restricted to papillary carcinomas and anaplastic or poorly differentiated carcinomas arising from papillary carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5399-5404.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 5399-5404
    • Nikiforova, M.N.1    Kimura, E.T.2    Gandhi, M.3
  • 11
    • 0141453014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implication of hot spot BRAF mutation, V599E, in papillary thyroid cancers
    • Namba H, Nakashima M, Hayashi T, et al. Clinical implication of hot spot BRAF mutation, V599E, in papillary thyroid cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4393-4397.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 4393-4397
    • Namba, H.1    Nakashima, M.2    Hayashi, T.3
  • 12
    • 28744442816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer
    • Xing M, Westra WH, Tufano RP, et al. BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90: 6373-6379.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 6373-6379
    • Xing, M.1    Westra, W.H.2    Tufano, R.P.3
  • 13
    • 33747369828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BRAF mutation is useful for prediction of clinical recurrence in lowrisk patients with conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma
    • Kim TY, Kim WB, Rhee YS, et al. The BRAF mutation is useful for prediction of clinical recurrence in lowrisk patients with conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65:364-368.
    • (2006) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.65 , pp. 364-368
    • Kim, T.Y.1    Kim, W.B.2    Rhee, Y.S.3
  • 15
    • 1142287286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutations are associated with some histological types of papillary thyroid carcinoma
    • Trovisco V, Vieira de Castro I, Soares P, et al. BRAF mutations are associated with some histological types of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Pathol 2004;202: 247-251.
    • (2004) J Pathol , vol.202 , pp. 247-251
    • Trovisco, V.1    Vieira De Castro, I.2    Soares, P.3
  • 16
    • 33644947163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotyping of an Italian papillary thyroid carcinoma cohort revealed high prevalence of BRAF mutations, absence of RAS mutations and allowed the detection of a new mutation of BRAF oncoprotein (BRAF(V599lns))
    • Carta C, Moretti S, Passeri L, et al. Genotyping of an Italian papillary thyroid carcinoma cohort revealed high prevalence of BRAF mutations, absence of RAS mutations and allowed the detection of a new mutation of BRAF oncoprotein (BRAF(V599lns)). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;64:105-109.
    • (2006) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.64 , pp. 105-109
    • Carta, C.1    Moretti, S.2    Passeri, L.3
  • 17
    • 33847068350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of the T1799-1801del and A1799-1816ins BRAF mutations in papillary thyroid cancer
    • Hou P, Liu D, Xing M. Functional characterization of the T1799-1801del and A1799-1816ins BRAF mutations in papillary thyroid cancer. Cell Cycle 2007;6: 377-379.
    • (2007) Cell Cycle , vol.6 , pp. 377-379
    • Hou, P.1    Liu, D.2    Xing, M.3
  • 18
    • 85047691154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic AKAP9-BRAF fusion is a novel mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in thyroid cancer
    • Ciampi R, Knauf JA, Kerler R, et al. Oncogenic AKAP9-BRAF fusion is a novel mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in thyroid cancer. J Clin Invest 2005;115: 94-101.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 94-101
    • Ciampi, R.1    Knauf, J.A.2    Kerler, R.3
  • 19
    • 8144230516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Implications for tumor origin, diagnosis and treatment
    • Begum S, Rosenbaum E, Henrique R, et al. BRAF mutations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: implications for tumor origin, diagnosis and treatment. Mod Pathol 2004;17:1359-1363.
    • (2004) Mod Pathol , vol.17 , pp. 1359-1363
    • Begum, S.1    Rosenbaum, E.2    Henrique, R.3
  • 20
    • 0023198108 scopus 로고
    • A new oncogene in human thyroid papillary carcinomas and their lymph-nodal metastases
    • Fusco A, Grieco M, Santoro M, et al. A new oncogene in human thyroid papillary carcinomas and their lymph-nodal metastases. Nature 1987;328:170-172.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.328 , pp. 170-172
    • Fusco, A.1    Grieco, M.2    Santoro, M.3
  • 21
    • 0025022463 scopus 로고
    • PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas
    • Grieco M, Santoro M, Berlingieri MT, et al. PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas. Cell 1990;60:557-563.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.60 , pp. 557-563
    • Grieco, M.1    Santoro, M.2    Berlingieri, M.T.3
  • 22
    • 0035986363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RET/PTC rearrangement in thyroid tumors
    • Nikiforov YE. RET/PTC rearrangement in thyroid tumors. Endocr Pathol 2002;13:3-16.
    • (2002) Endocr Pathol , vol.13 , pp. 3-16
    • Nikiforov, Y.E.1
  • 23
    • 0035516099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REToncogene activation in papillary thyroid carcinoma
    • Tallini G, Asa SL. REToncogene activation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Adv Anat Pathol 2001;8:345-354.
    • (2001) Adv Anat Pathol , vol.8 , pp. 345-354
    • Tallini, G.1    Asa, S.L.2
  • 24
    • 0027955122 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of RET/PTC3; A novel rearranged version of the RET proto-oncogene in a human thyroid papillary carcinoma
    • Santoro M, Dathan NA, Berlingieri MT, et al. Molecular characterization of RET/PTC3; A novel rearranged version of the RET proto-oncogene in a human thyroid papillary carcinoma. Oncogene 1994;9:509-516.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 509-516
    • Santoro, M.1    Dathan, N.A.2    Berlingieri, M.T.3
  • 25
    • 0042303810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RET/PTC-induced dedifferentiation of thyroid cells is mediated through Y1062 signaling through SHC-RAS-MAP kinase
    • Knauf JA, Kuroda H, Basu S, et al. RET/PTC-induced dedifferentiation of thyroid cells is mediated through Y1062 signaling through SHC-RAS-MAP kinase. Oncogene 2003;22:4406-4412.
    • (2003) Oncogene , vol.22 , pp. 4406-4412
    • Knauf, J.A.1    Kuroda, H.2    Basu, S.3
  • 26
    • 0027548295 scopus 로고
    • The TRK and RET tyrosine kinase oncogenes cooperate with ras in the neoplastic transformation of a rat thyroid epithelial cell line
    • Santoro M, Melillo RM, Grieco M, et al. The TRK and RET tyrosine kinase oncogenes cooperate with ras in the neoplastic transformation of a rat thyroid epithelial cell line. Cell Growth Differ 1993;4:77-84.
    • (1993) Cell Growth Differ , vol.4 , pp. 77-84
    • Santoro, M.1    Melillo, R.M.2    Grieco, M.3
  • 27
    • 0029671246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted expression of the ret/PTC1 oncogene induces papillary thyroid carcinomas
    • Jhiang SM, Sagartz JE, Tong Q, et al. Targeted expression of the ret/PTC1 oncogene induces papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocrinology 1996;137:375-378.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 375-378
    • Jhiang, S.M.1    Sagartz, J.E.2    Tong, Q.3
  • 28
    • 9244255770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of thyroid papillary carcinomas secondary to tissue-specific expression of the RET/PTC1 oncogene in transgenic mice
    • Santoro M, Chiappetta G, Cerrato A, et al. Development of thyroid papillary carcinomas secondary to tissue-specific expression of the RET/PTC1 oncogene in transgenic mice. Oncogene 1996;12:1821-1826.
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.12 , pp. 1821-1826
    • Santoro, M.1    Chiappetta, G.2    Cerrato, A.3
  • 29
    • 3643067689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RET/PTC3 oncogene: Metastatic solid-type papillary carcinomas in murine thyroids
    • Powell Jr DJ, Russell J, Nibu K, et al. The RET/PTC3 oncogene: metastatic solid-type papillary carcinomas in murine thyroids. Cancer Res 1998;58:5523-5528.
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 5523-5528
    • Powell, D.J.1    Russell, J.2    Nibu, K.3
  • 30
    • 20144387455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF linear signaling cascade mediates the motile and mitogenic phenotype of thyroid cancer cells
    • Melillo RM, Castellone MD, Guarino V, et al. The RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF linear signaling cascade mediates the motile and mitogenic phenotype of thyroid cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2005;115:1068-1081.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 1068-1081
    • Melillo, R.M.1    Castellone, M.D.2    Guarino, V.3
  • 31
    • 16844367605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional BRAFV600E expression induces DNA synthesis, apoptosis, dedifferentiation, and chromosomal instability in thyroid PCCL3 cells
    • Mitsutake N, Knauf JA, Mitsutake S, et al. Conditional BRAFV600E expression induces DNA synthesis, apoptosis, dedifferentiation, and chromosomal instability in thyroid PCCL3 cells. Cancer Res 2005;65: 2465-2473.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 2465-2473
    • Mitsutake, N.1    Knauf, J.A.2    Mitsutake, S.3
  • 32
    • 33748742902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinomas: Effects of the detection methods and genetic heterogeneity
    • Zhu Z, Ciampi R, Nikiforova MN, et al. Prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements in thyroid papillary carcinomas: effects of the detection methods and genetic heterogeneity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91: 3603-3610.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 3603-3610
    • Zhu, Z.1    Ciampi, R.2    Nikiforova, M.N.3
  • 33
    • 4544365901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in the distribution of RET/PTC rearrangements within individual post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas
    • Unger K, Zitzelsberger H, Salvatore G, et al. Heterogeneity in the distribution of RET/PTC rearrangements within individual post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4272-4279.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 4272-4279
    • Unger, K.1    Zitzelsberger, H.2    Salvatore, G.3
  • 34
    • 0030941779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct pattern of ret oncogene rearrangements in morphological variants of radiation-induced and sporadic thyroid papillary carcinomas in children
    • Nikiforov YE, Rowland JM, Bove KE, et al. Distinct pattern of ret oncogene rearrangements in morphological variants of radiation-induced and sporadic thyroid papillary carcinomas in children. Cancer Res 1997;57:1690-1694.
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 1690-1694
    • Nikiforov, Y.E.1    Rowland, J.M.2    Bove, K.E.3
  • 35
    • 0025185363 scopus 로고
    • Point mutations of ras oncogenes are an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis
    • Namba H, Rubin SA, Fagin JA. Point mutations of ras oncogenes are an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis. Mol Endocrinol 1990;4:1474-1479.
    • (1990) Mol Endocrinol , vol.4 , pp. 1474-1479
    • Namba, H.1    Rubin, S.A.2    Fagin, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 0029907969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of activating ras mutations in morphologically characterized thyroid nodules
    • Ezzat S, Zheng L, Kolenda J, et al. Prevalence of activating ras mutations in morphologically characterized thyroid nodules. Thyroid 1996;6:409-416.
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 409-416
    • Ezzat, S.1    Zheng, L.2    Kolenda, J.3
  • 37
    • 85047687680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular profile and clinical-pathologic features of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. An unusually high prevalence of ras mutations
    • Zhu Z, Gandhi M, Nikiforova MN, et al. Molecular profile and clinical-pathologic features of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. An unusually high prevalence of ras mutations. Am J Clin Pathol 2003;120:71-77.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.120 , pp. 71-77
    • Zhu, Z.1    Gandhi, M.2    Nikiforova, M.N.3
  • 38
    • 0028170737 scopus 로고
    • N-ras mutation: An independent prognostic factor for aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma
    • Hara H, Fulton N, Yashiro T, et al. N-ras mutation: An independent prognostic factor for aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1994;116: 1010-1016.
    • (1994) Surgery , vol.116 , pp. 1010-1016
    • Hara, H.1    Fulton, N.2    Yashiro, T.3
  • 39
    • 0024560104 scopus 로고
    • High frequency of ras oncogene activation in all stages of human thyroid tumorigenesis
    • Lemoine NR, Mayall ES, Wyllie FS, et al. High frequency of ras oncogene activation in all stages of human thyroid tumorigenesis. Oncogene 1989;4: 159-164.
    • (1989) Oncogene , vol.4 , pp. 159-164
    • Lemoine, N.R.1    Mayall, E.S.2    Wyllie, F.S.3
  • 40
    • 0025265096 scopus 로고
    • Presence of mutations in all three ras genes in human thyroid tumors
    • Suarez HG, du Villard JA, Severino M, et al. Presence of mutations in all three ras genes in human thyroid tumors. Oncogene 1990;5:565-570.
    • (1990) Oncogene , vol.5 , pp. 565-570
    • Suarez, H.G.1    Du Villard, J.A.2    Severino, M.3
  • 41
    • 0033984548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ras mutation in the progression of thyroid carcinoma of follicular epithelial origin
    • Motoi N, Sakamoto A, Yamochi T, et al. Role of ras mutation in the progression of thyroid carcinoma of follicular epithelial origin. Pathol Res Pract 2000;196: 1-7.
    • (2000) Pathol Res Pract , vol.196 , pp. 1-7
    • Motoi, N.1    Sakamoto, A.2    Yamochi, T.3
  • 42
    • 0033951970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-ras mutation in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: Correlation with bone metastases and inverse correlation to thyroglobulin expression
    • Basolo F, Pisaturo F, Pollina LE, et al. N-ras mutation in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: correlation with bone metastases and inverse correlation to thyroglobulin expression. Thyroid 2000;10:19-23.
    • (2000) Thyroid , vol.10 , pp. 19-23
    • Basolo, F.1    Pisaturo, F.2    Pollina, L.E.3
  • 43
    • 0141465066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer
    • Garcia-Rostan G, Zhao H, Camp RL, et al. ras mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3226-3235.
    • (2003) J Clin Oncol , vol.21 , pp. 3226-3235
    • Garcia-Rostan, G.1    Zhao, H.2    Camp, R.L.3
  • 44
    • 0036256349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: Branded from the start-distinct oncogenic initiating events may determine tumor fate in the thyroid
    • Fagin JA. Minireview: Branded from the start-distinct oncogenic initiating events may determine tumor fate in the thyroid. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:903-911.
    • (2002) Mol Endocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 903-911
    • Fagin, J.A.1
  • 45
    • 0034632702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RAS oncogene induces genomic instability in thyroid PCCL3 cells via the MAPK pathway
    • Saavedra HI, Knauf JA, Shirokawa JM, et al. The RAS oncogene induces genomic instability in thyroid PCCL3 cells via the MAPK pathway. Oncogene 2000;19:3948-3954.
    • (2000) Oncogene , vol.19 , pp. 3948-3954
    • Saavedra, H.I.1    Knauf, J.A.2    Shirokawa, J.M.3
  • 46
    • 0034714190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAX8-PPARgamma1 fusion oncogene in human thyroid carcinoma [corrected]
    • Kroll TG, Sarraf P, Pecciarini L, et al. PAX8-PPARgamma1 fusion oncogene in human thyroid carcinoma [corrected]. Science 2000;289:1357-1360.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1357-1360
    • Kroll, T.G.1    Sarraf, P.2    Pecciarini, L.3
  • 47
    • 0345268763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and biological subgroups of low-stage follicular thyroid cancer
    • French CA, Alexander EK, Cibas ES, et al. Genetic and biological subgroups of low-stage follicular thyroid cancer. Am J Pathol 2003;162:1053-1060.
    • (2003) Am J Pathol , vol.162 , pp. 1053-1060
    • French, C.A.1    Alexander, E.K.2    Cibas, E.S.3
  • 48
    • 0012683188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAS point mutations and PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: Evidence for distinct molecular pathways in thyroid follicular carcinoma
    • Nikiforova MN, Lynch RA, Biddinger PW, et al. RAS point mutations and PAX8-PPAR gamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: evidence for distinct molecular pathways in thyroid follicular carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2318-2326.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 2318-2326
    • Nikiforova, M.N.1    Lynch, R.A.2    Biddinger, P.W.3
  • 49
    • 0141564533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the PAX8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma rearrangement in follicular thyroid tumors
    • Dwight T, Thoppe SR, Foukakis T, et al. Involvement of the PAX8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma rearrangement in follicular thyroid tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4440-4445.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 4440-4445
    • Dwight, T.1    Thoppe, S.R.2    Foukakis, T.3
  • 50
    • 0035984201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses
    • Nikiforova MN, Biddinger PW, Caudill CM, et al. PAX8-PPARgamma rearrangement in thyroid tumors: RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:1016-1023.
    • (2002) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.26 , pp. 1016-1023
    • Nikiforova, M.N.1    Biddinger, P.W.2    Caudill, C.M.3
  • 51
    • 2442697906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PAX8/PPARgamma fusion oncoprotein transforms immortalized human thyrocytes through a mechanism probably involving wild-type PPARgamma inhibition
    • Gregory Powell J, Wang X, Allard BL, et al. The PAX8/PPARgamma fusion oncoprotein transforms immortalized human thyrocytes through a mechanism probably involving wild-type PPARgamma inhibition. Oncogene 2004;23:3634-3641.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 3634-3641
    • Gregory Powell, J.1    Wang, X.2    Allard, B.L.3
  • 52
    • 33646268429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delineation, functional validation, and bioinformatic evaluation of gene expression in thyroid follicular carcinomas with the PAX8-PPARG translocation
    • Giordano TJ, Au AY, Kuick R, et al. Delineation, functional validation, and bioinformatic evaluation of gene expression in thyroid follicular carcinomas with the PAX8-PPARG translocation. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:1983-1993.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 1983-1993
    • Giordano, T.J.1    Au, A.Y.2    Kuick, R.3
  • 53
    • 33847057768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The paired box-8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma oncogene in thyroid tumorigenesis
    • Reddi HV, McIver B, Grebe SK, et al. The paired box-8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma oncogene in thyroid tumorigenesis. Endocrinology 2007;148:932-935.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 932-935
    • Reddi, H.V.1    McIver, B.2    Grebe, S.K.3
  • 54
    • 0028881998 scopus 로고
    • Genotype-phenotype correlation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: Report of the International RET Mutation Consortium
    • Mulligan LM, Marsh DJ, Robinson BG, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: Report of the International RET Mutation Consortium. J Intern Med 1995;238:343-346.
    • (1995) J Intern Med , vol.238 , pp. 343-346
    • Mulligan, L.M.1    Marsh, D.J.2    Robinson, B.G.3
  • 55
    • 0033729031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and RET: From neoplasia to neurogenesis
    • Hansford JR, Mulligan LM. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and RET: From neoplasia to neurogenesis. J Med Genet 2000;37:817-827.
    • (2000) J Med Genet , vol.37 , pp. 817-827
    • Hansford, J.R.1    Mulligan, L.M.2
  • 57
    • 0037401563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RET and NTRK1 proto-oncogenes in human diseases
    • Alberti L, Carniti C, Miranda C, et al. RET and NTRK1 proto-oncogenes in human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2003;195:168-186.
    • (2003) J Cell Physiol , vol.195 , pp. 168-186
    • Alberti, L.1    Carniti, C.2    Miranda, C.3
  • 58
    • 0029944584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous mutation of the RET proto-oncogene in subpopulations of medullary thyroid carcinoma
    • Eng C, Mulligan LM, Healey CS, et al. Heterogeneous mutation of the RET proto-oncogene in subpopulations of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Res 1996;56: 2167-2170.
    • (1996) Cancer Res , vol.56 , pp. 2167-2170
    • Eng, C.1    Mulligan, L.M.2    Healey, C.S.3
  • 59
    • 33846850223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vandetanib (ZD6474): An orally available receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively targets pathways critical for tumor growth and angiogenesis
    • Herbst RS, Heymach JV, O’Reilly MS, et al. Vandetanib (ZD6474): An orally available receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively targets pathways critical for tumor growth and angiogenesis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007;16:239-249.
    • (2007) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.16 , pp. 239-249
    • Herbst, R.S.1    Heymach, J.V.2    O’Reilly, M.S.3
  • 60
    • 0037115405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ZD6474, an orally available inhibitor of KDR tyrosine kinase activity, efficiently blocks oncogenic RET kinases
    • Carlomagno F, Vitagliano D, Guida T, et al. ZD6474, an orally available inhibitor of KDR tyrosine kinase activity, efficiently blocks oncogenic RET kinases. Cancer Res 2002;62:7284-7290.
    • (2002) Cancer Res , vol.62 , pp. 7284-7290
    • Carlomagno, F.1    Vitagliano, D.2    Guida, T.3
  • 61
    • 33646506360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug insight: Small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinases in the treatment of thyroid cancer
    • Santoro M, Carlomagno F. Drug insight: Small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinases in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Nat Clin Pract 2006;2:42-52.
    • (2006) Nat Clin Pract , vol.2 , pp. 42-52
    • Santoro, M.1    Carlomagno, F.2
  • 62
    • 4444273158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease associated mutations at valine 804 in the RET receptor tyrosine kinase confer resistance to selective kinase inhibitors
    • Carlomagno F, Guida T, Anaganti S, et al. Disease associated mutations at valine 804 in the RET receptor tyrosine kinase confer resistance to selective kinase inhibitors. Oncogene 2004;23:6056-6063.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 6056-6063
    • Carlomagno, F.1    Guida, T.2    Anaganti, S.3
  • 63
    • 17844390172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, small-molecule kinase inhibitors, and nonsmall-cell lung cancer: Current knowledge and future directions
    • Pao W, Miller VA. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, small-molecule kinase inhibitors, and nonsmall-cell lung cancer: Current knowledge and future directions. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2556-2568.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 2556-2568
    • Pao, W.1    Miller, V.A.2
  • 64
    • 0036171234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kinase inhibitor PP1 blocks tumorigenesis induced by RET oncogenes
    • Carlomagno F, Vitagliano D, Guida T, et al. The kinase inhibitor PP1 blocks tumorigenesis induced by RET oncogenes. Cancer Res 2002;62:1077-1082.
    • (2002) Cancer Res , vol.62 , pp. 1077-1082
    • Carlomagno, F.1    Vitagliano, D.2    Guida, T.3
  • 65
    • 0038697810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient inhibition of RET/papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogenic kinases by 4-amino-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine (PP2)
    • Carlomagno F, Vitagliano D, Guida T, et al. Efficient inhibition of RET/papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogenic kinases by 4-amino-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine (PP2). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1897-1902.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 1897-1902
    • Carlomagno, F.1    Vitagliano, D.2    Guida, T.3
  • 66
    • 33749544080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An orally administered multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11248, is a novel potent inhibitor of thyroid oncogenic RET/papillary thyroid cancer kinases
    • Kim DW, Jo YS, Jung HS, et al. An orally administered multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11248, is a novel potent inhibitor of thyroid oncogenic RET/papillary thyroid cancer kinases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4070-4076.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 4070-4076
    • Kim, D.W.1    Jo, Y.S.2    Jung, H.S.3
  • 67
    • 4944249117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis
    • Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2004;64:7099-7109.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7099-7109
    • Wilhelm, S.M.1    Carter, C.2    Tang, L.3
  • 68
    • 33645069923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF is a therapeutic target in aggressive thyroid carcinoma
    • Salvatore G, De Falco V, Salerno P, et al. BRAF is a therapeutic target in aggressive thyroid carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:1623-1629.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 1623-1629
    • Salvatore, G.1    De Falco, V.2    Salerno, P.3
  • 69
    • 33644747449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAY 43-9006 inhibition of oncogenic RET mutants
    • Carlomagno F, Anaganti S, Guida T, et al. BAY 43-9006 inhibition of oncogenic RET mutants. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:326-334.
    • (2006) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.98 , pp. 326-334
    • Carlomagno, F.1    Anaganti, S.2    Guida, T.3
  • 70
    • 33846490718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New therapeutic approaches for metastatic thyroid carcinoma
    • Baudin E, Schlumberger M. New therapeutic approaches for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:148-156.
    • (2007) Lancet Oncol , vol.8 , pp. 148-156
    • Baudin, E.1    Schlumberger, M.2
  • 72
    • 33645698808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors of Raf kinase activity block growth of thyroid cancer cells with RET/PTC or BRAF mutations in vitro and in vivo
    • Ouyang B, Knauf JA, Smith EP, et al. Inhibitors of Raf kinase activity block growth of thyroid cancer cells with RET/PTC or BRAF mutations in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:1785-1793.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 1785-1793
    • Ouyang, B.1    Knauf, J.A.2    Smith, E.P.3
  • 73
    • 33645683121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is BRAF the Achilles’ Heel of thyroid cancer?
    • Chiloeches A, Marais R. Is BRAF the Achilles’ Heel of thyroid cancer? Clin Cancer Res 2006;12: 1661-1664.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 1661-1664
    • Chiloeches, A.1    Marais, R.2
  • 74
    • 31144453233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutation predicts sensitivity to MEK inhibition
    • Solit DB, Garraway LA, Pratilas CA, et al. BRAF mutation predicts sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Nature 2006;439:358-362.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 358-362
    • Solit, D.B.1    Garraway, L.A.2    Pratilas, C.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.