메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 303-314

Evaluation of local tolerance of the antiretroviral spermicide (WHI-07)-loaded gel-microemulsion in the porcine female reproductive tract

Author keywords

Contraception; Gel microemulsion; HIV AIDS; Intravaginal; Local tolerance; Microbicide; Nucleoside analog prodrug; Spermicide

Indexed keywords

5 BROMO 6 METHOXY 5,6 DIHYDRO 3' AZIDOTHYMIDINE 5' (4 BROMOPHENYL) METHOXYALANINYL PHOSPHATE; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 8; SPERMICIDAL AGENT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WHI 07;

EID: 42049089736     PISSN: 0260437X     EISSN: 10991263     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jat.1280     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0015253746 scopus 로고
    • Vaginal histology of the domestic pig: Histomorphology from birth to 8 years with some clinical aspects
    • Bal HS, Getty R. 1972. Vaginal histology of the domestic pig: histomorphology from birth to 8 years with some clinical aspects. J. Reprod. Fertil. 28: 1-7.
    • (1972) J. Reprod. Fertil , vol.28 , pp. 1-7
    • Bal, H.S.1    Getty, R.2
  • 2
    • 0029166157 scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory cytokine expression in cervicovaginal secretions of normal and HIV-1-infected women
    • Belec L, Gheradi R, Payan C. 1995. Proinflammatory cytokine expression in cervicovaginal secretions of normal and HIV-1-infected women. Cytokine 7: 568-574.
    • (1995) Cytokine , vol.7 , pp. 568-574
    • Belec, L.1    Gheradi, R.2    Payan, C.3
  • 3
    • 0037423882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of HIV-1 long terminal repeat-mediated transcription by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Chen A, Boulton IC, Pongoski J, Cochrane A, Gray-Owen SD. 2003. Induction of HIV-1 long terminal repeat-mediated transcription by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AIDS. 17: 625-628.
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 625-628
    • Chen, A.1    Boulton, I.C.2    Pongoski, J.3    Cochrane, A.4    Gray-Owen, S.D.5
  • 4
    • 16544377727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV and sexually transmitted diseases: Lethal synergy
    • Cohen MS. 2004. HIV and sexually transmitted diseases: lethal synergy. Top. HIV. Med. 12: 104-107.
    • (2004) Top. HIV. Med , vol.12 , pp. 104-107
    • Cohen, M.S.1
  • 5
    • 0001811195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genitourinary mucosal defenses
    • Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Mardh P-A, Lemoy SM eds, McGraw-Hill: New York;
    • Cohen MS, Anderson DJ. 1999. Genitourinary mucosal defenses. In Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Mardh P-A, Lemoy SM (eds). McGraw-Hill: New York; 17-39.
    • (1999) Sexually Transmitted Diseases , pp. 17-39
    • Cohen, M.S.1    Anderson, D.J.2
  • 6
    • 0346727257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penetration of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 across porcine vaginal mucosa ex-vivo: Permeability characteristics, toxin distribution, and tissue damage
    • Davis CC, Kremer MJ, Schlievert PM, Squier CA. 2003. Penetration of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 across porcine vaginal mucosa ex-vivo: permeability characteristics, toxin distribution, and tissue damage. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 189: 1785-1791.
    • (2003) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol , vol.189 , pp. 1785-1791
    • Davis, C.C.1    Kremer, M.J.2    Schlievert, P.M.3    Squier, C.A.4
  • 7
    • 0242552309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental toxicology studies of WHI-07, a novel nucleoside analogue-based dual-function microbicide, administered intravaginally to rabbits
    • D'Cruz OJ, Erbeck D, Uckun FM. 2003. Developmental toxicology studies of WHI-07, a novel nucleoside analogue-based dual-function microbicide, administered intravaginally to rabbits. Toxicol. Pathol. 31: 698-708.
    • (2003) Toxicol. Pathol , vol.31 , pp. 698-708
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Erbeck, D.2    Uckun, F.M.3
  • 8
    • 22244484135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the potential of the pig as a model for the vaginal irritancy of benzalkonium chloride in comparison to the nonirritant microbicide PHI-443 and the spermicide vanadocene dithiocarbamate
    • D'Cruz OJ, Erbeck D, Uckun FM. 2005. A study of the potential of the pig as a model for the vaginal irritancy of benzalkonium chloride in comparison to the nonirritant microbicide PHI-443 and the spermicide vanadocene dithiocarbamate. Toxicol. Pathol. 33: 465-476.
    • (2005) Toxicol. Pathol , vol.33 , pp. 465-476
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Erbeck, D.2    Uckun, F.M.3
  • 9
    • 0037200764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in B6C3F1 mice with 5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro- 3′-azidothymidine-5′-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), a novel anti-HIV and contraceptive agent
    • D'Cruz OJ, Erbeck D, Waurzyniak B, Uckun FM. 2002. Two-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in B6C3F1 mice with 5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro- 3′-azidothymidine-5′-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), a novel anti-HIV and contraceptive agent. Toxicology 179: 61-77.
    • (2002) Toxicology , vol.179 , pp. 61-77
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Erbeck, D.2    Waurzyniak, B.3    Uckun, F.M.4
  • 10
    • 0032935520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization and preclinical formulation of a dual-action phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) with potent anti-HIV and spermicidal activities
    • D'Cruz OJ, Shih MJ, Yiv SH, Chen CL, Uckun FM. 1999. Synthesis, characterization and preclinical formulation of a dual-action phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) with potent anti-HIV and spermicidal activities. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 5: 421-432.
    • (1999) Mol. Hum. Reprod , vol.5 , pp. 421-432
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Shih, M.J.2    Yiv, S.H.3    Chen, C.L.4    Uckun, F.M.5
  • 11
    • 0034766237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gel-microemulsions as vaginal spermicides and intravaginal drug delivery vehicles
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2001a. Gel-microemulsions as vaginal spermicides and intravaginal drug delivery vehicles. Contraception 64: 113-123.
    • (2001) Contraception , vol.64 , pp. 113-123
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 12
    • 0035073006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term (13-week) toxicity study of 5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-3′-azidothymidine-5′-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), a novel anti-HIV and contraceptive agent, in B6C3F1 mice
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2001b. Short-term (13-week) toxicity study of 5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-3′-azidothymidine-5′-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), a novel anti-HIV and contraceptive agent, in B6C3F1 mice. Toxicol. SCi. 60: 373-378.
    • (2001) Toxicol. SCi , vol.60 , pp. 373-378
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 13
    • 0034885693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of adverse effects on fertility of female CD-1 mice exposed to repetitive intravaginal gel-microemulsion formulation of a dual-function anti-HIV agent: Aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy-zidovudine (compound WHI-07)
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2001c. Lack of adverse effects on fertility of female CD-1 mice exposed to repetitive intravaginal gel-microemulsion formulation of a dual-function anti-HIV agent: aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy-zidovudine (compound WHI-07). J. Appl. Toxicol. 21: 317-322.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 317-322
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 14
    • 0036920022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-clinical safety evaluation of novel nucleoside analogue-based dual-function microbicides (WHI-05 and WHI-07)
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2002. Pre-clinical safety evaluation of novel nucleoside analogue-based dual-function microbicides (WHI-05 and WHI-07). J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 50: 793-803.
    • (2002) J. Antimicrob. Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 793-803
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 15
    • 0037382625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contraceptive activity of a spermicidal aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy-zidovudine (compound WHI-07) in rabbits
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2003. Contraceptive activity of a spermicidal aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy-zidovudine (compound WHI-07) in rabbits. Fertil. Steril. 79: 864-872.
    • (2003) Fertil. Steril , vol.79 , pp. 864-872
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 16
    • 0346025452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical development of microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2004a. Clinical development of microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection. Curr. Pharm. Des. 10: 315-336.
    • (2004) Curr. Pharm. Des , vol.10 , pp. 315-336
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 17
    • 3042737980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical overview of WHI-07, novel nucleoside analog-based dual-function microbicide
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2004b. Preclinical overview of WHI-07, novel nucleoside analog-based dual-function microbicide. Curr. Med. Chem. Anti Infect. Agents 3: 15-29.
    • (2004) Curr. Med. Chem. Anti Infect. Agents , vol.3 , pp. 15-29
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 18
    • 33748697001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of long-term stability conditions on microbicidal nucleoside prodrug (WHI-07)-loaded gel-microemulsion
    • D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. 2006. Influence of long-term stability conditions on microbicidal nucleoside prodrug (WHI-07)-loaded gel-microemulsion. AAPS PharmSciTech 7: 73.
    • (2006) AAPS PharmSciTech , vol.7 , pp. 73
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Uckun, F.M.2
  • 19
    • 0033970759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural requirements for potent human spermicidal activity of dual-function aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07)
    • D'Cruz OJ, Venkatachalam TK, Uckun FM. 2000a. Structural requirements for potent human spermicidal activity of dual-function aryl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07). Biol. Reprod. 62: 37-44.
    • (2000) Biol. Reprod , vol.62 , pp. 37-44
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Venkatachalam, T.K.2    Uckun, F.M.3
  • 20
    • 0035172543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymidine kinase-independent intracellular delivery of bioactive nucleotides by aryl phosphate derivatives of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compounds WHI-05 and WHI-07) in normal human female genital tract epithelial cells and sperm
    • D'Cruz OJ, Venkatachalam TK, Uckun FM. 2001. Thymidine kinase-independent intracellular delivery of bioactive nucleotides by aryl phosphate derivatives of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compounds WHI-05 and WHI-07) in normal human female genital tract epithelial cells and sperm. Biol. Reprod. 64: 51-59.
    • (2001) Biol. Reprod , vol.64 , pp. 51-59
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Venkatachalam, T.K.2    Uckun, F.M.3
  • 21
    • 0031826304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aryl phosphate derivatives of bromo-methoxy-azidothymidine are dual-function spermicides with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus
    • D'Cruz OJ, Venkatachalam TK, Zhu Z, Shih MJ, Uckun FM. 1998. Aryl phosphate derivatives of bromo-methoxy-azidothymidine are dual-function spermicides with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus. Biol. Reprod. 59: 503-515.
    • (1998) Biol. Reprod , vol.59 , pp. 503-515
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Venkatachalam, T.K.2    Zhu, Z.3    Shih, M.J.4    Uckun, F.M.5
  • 22
    • 1642420426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral spermicide WHI-07 prevents vaginal and rectal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats
    • D'Cruz OJ, Waurzyniak B, Uckun FM. 2004. Antiretroviral spermicide WHI-07 prevents vaginal and rectal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus in domestic cats. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 1082-1088.
    • (2004) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 1082-1088
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Waurzyniak, B.2    Uckun, F.M.3
  • 23
    • 0033861445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of subchronic (13-week) and reproductive toxicity potential of intravaginal gel-microemulsion formulation of a dual-function phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) in B6C3F1 mice
    • D'Cruz OJ, Waurzyniak B, Yiv SH, Uckun FM. 2000. Evaluation of subchronic (13-week) and reproductive toxicity potential of intravaginal gel-microemulsion formulation of a dual-function phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) in B6C3F1 mice. J. Appl. Toxicol. 20: 319-325.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 319-325
    • D'Cruz, O.J.1    Waurzyniak, B.2    Yiv, S.H.3    Uckun, F.M.4
  • 27
    • 0014581047 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of vaginal tolerance tests of spermicidal preparations in rabbits and monkeys
    • Eckstein P, Jackson MC, Millman N, Sobrero AJ. 1969. Comparison of vaginal tolerance tests of spermicidal preparations in rabbits and monkeys. J. Reprod. Fertil. 20: 85-93.
    • (1969) J. Reprod. Fertil , vol.20 , pp. 85-93
    • Eckstein, P.1    Jackson, M.C.2    Millman, N.3    Sobrero, A.J.4
  • 28
    • 0003198006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines in the cervical vaginal environment
    • Hill JA ed, Springer-Verlag: New York
    • Fichorova RN, Anderson DJ. 2000. Cytokines in the cervical vaginal environment. In Cytokines in Reproduction, Hill JA (ed.). Springer-Verlag: New York.
    • (2000) Cytokines in Reproduction
    • Fichorova, R.N.1    Anderson, D.J.2
  • 29
    • 0035882332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of nonoxynol-9-induced vaginal inflammation and its possible relevance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
    • Fichorova RN, Tucker LD, Anderson DJ. 2001. The molecular basis of nonoxynol-9-induced vaginal inflammation and its possible relevance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. J. Infect. Dis. 184: 418-428.
    • (2001) J. Infect. Dis , vol.184 , pp. 418-428
    • Fichorova, R.N.1    Tucker, L.D.2    Anderson, D.J.3
  • 30
    • 0030896192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of cells and tissues from the upper and lower human female reproductive tract
    • Howell AL, Edkins RD, Rier SE, Yeaman GR, Stern JE, Fanger MW, Wira CR. 1997. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of cells and tissues from the upper and lower human female reproductive tract. J. Virol. 71: 3498-3506.
    • (1997) J. Virol , vol.71 , pp. 3498-3506
    • Howell, A.L.1    Edkins, R.D.2    Rier, S.E.3    Yeaman, G.R.4    Stern, J.E.5    Fanger, M.W.6    Wira, C.R.7
  • 31
    • 22544450746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonoxynol-9 induces apoptosis of endometrial expiants by both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways
    • Jain JK, Li A, Nucatola DL, Minoo P, Felix JC. 2005. Nonoxynol-9 induces apoptosis of endometrial expiants by both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Biol. Reprod. 73: 382-388.
    • (2005) Biol. Reprod , vol.73 , pp. 382-388
    • Jain, J.K.1    Li, A.2    Nucatola, D.L.3    Minoo, P.4    Felix, J.C.5
  • 32
    • 0003462242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 2006. Report on the global AIDS epidemic. http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp
    • (2006) Report on the global AIDS epidemic
  • 34
    • 0026565366 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the spermicidal agent nonoxynol-9 on vaginal microbial flora
    • Klebanoff SJ. 1992. Effects of the spermicidal agent nonoxynol-9 on vaginal microbial flora. J. Infect. Dis. 165: 19-25.
    • (1992) J. Infect. Dis , vol.165 , pp. 19-25
    • Klebanoff, S.J.1
  • 36
    • 27644457618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permeability and barrier function of three porcine non-keratinized mucosae
    • Kremer MJ, Wertz PW, Squier CA. 2001. Permeability and barrier function of three porcine non-keratinized mucosae. J. Dent. Res. 80: 851.
    • (2001) J. Dent. Res , vol.80 , pp. 851
    • Kremer, M.J.1    Wertz, P.W.2    Squier, C.A.3
  • 37
    • 0031968159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract: Correlation of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and reproductive hormones in human cervical mucus around the time of ovulation
    • Kutteh WH, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J. 1998. Mucosal immunity in the female reproductive tract: correlation of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and reproductive hormones in human cervical mucus around the time of ovulation. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 4: S51-S55.
    • (1998) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.4
    • Kutteh, W.H.1    Moldoveanu, Z.2    Mestecky, J.3
  • 38
    • 0029610416 scopus 로고
    • Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission
    • Lippincot-Raven, Philadelphia, PA
    • Mayer KH, Anderson DJ. 1995. Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission. In Infectious Agents and Disease. Lippincot-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 4: 273-284.
    • (1995) Infectious Agents and Disease , vol.4 , pp. 273-284
    • Mayer, K.H.1    Anderson, D.J.2
  • 39
    • 0038448128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of the porcine C3 gene with hemolytic complement activity in the pig
    • Mekchay S, Ponsuksili S, Schellander K, Wimmers K. 2003. Association of the porcine C3 gene with hemolytic complement activity in the pig. Genet. Sel. Evol. 35(Suppl 1): S83-S96.
    • (2003) Genet. Sel. Evol , vol.35 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Mekchay, S.1    Ponsuksili, S.2    Schellander, K.3    Wimmers, K.4
  • 41
    • 34250816535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease
    • National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease. 2006. HIV infection in women. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/womenhiv.htm
    • (2006) HIV infection in women
  • 42
    • 0026196420 scopus 로고
    • The effects of frequent nonoxynol-9 use on the vaginal and cervical mucosa
    • Niruthisard SR, Roddy E, Chutivongse S. 1991. The effects of frequent nonoxynol-9 use on the vaginal and cervical mucosa. Sex. Transm. Dis. 18: 176-179.
    • (1991) Sex. Transm. Dis , vol.18 , pp. 176-179
    • Niruthisard, S.R.1    Roddy, E.2    Chutivongse, S.3
  • 43
    • 0037308125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonoxynol-9 and sexually transmitted infections
    • O'Sullivan B, Malone D. 2003. Nonoxynol-9 and sexually transmitted infections. Lancet Infect. Dis. 3: 70.
    • (2003) Lancet Infect. Dis , vol.3 , pp. 70
    • O'Sullivan, B.1    Malone, D.2
  • 44
    • 85012474693 scopus 로고
    • New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Pantaleo JP, Graziosi C, Fauci AS. 1993. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 328: 327-335.
    • (1993) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.328 , pp. 327-335
    • Pantaleo, J.P.1    Graziosi, C.2    Fauci, A.S.3
  • 45
    • 0026511126 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cytokines and pharmacologic agents on chronic HIV-1 infection
    • Poli G, Fauci A. 1992. The effect of cytokines and pharmacologic agents on chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 8: 191-197.
    • (1992) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.8 , pp. 191-197
    • Poli, G.1    Fauci, A.2
  • 48
    • 0032552228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of nonoxynol-9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases
    • Roddy RE, Zeking L, Ryan KA, Tamoufe U, Weir SS, Wong EL. 1998. A controlled trial of nonoxynol-9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 339: 504-510.
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.339 , pp. 504-510
    • Roddy, R.E.1    Zeking, L.2    Ryan, K.A.3    Tamoufe, U.4    Weir, S.S.5    Wong, E.L.6
  • 53
    • 0035184191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative light-microscopic, electron-microscopic and chemical study of human vaginal and buccal epithelium
    • Thompson IOC, van der Bijl P, van Wyk CW, van Eyk AD. 2001. A comparative light-microscopic, electron-microscopic and chemical study of human vaginal and buccal epithelium. Arch. Oral Biol. 46: 1091-1098.
    • (2001) Arch. Oral Biol , vol.46 , pp. 1091-1098
    • Thompson, I.O.C.1    van der Bijl, P.2    van Wyk, C.W.3    van Eyk, A.D.4
  • 54
    • 0032739391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic contraceptives for HIV/AIDS
    • Uckun FM, D'Cruz OJ. 1999. Prophylactic contraceptives for HIV/AIDS. Hum. Reprod. Update 5: 506-514.
    • (1999) Hum. Reprod. Update , vol.5 , pp. 506-514
    • Uckun, F.M.1    D'Cruz, O.J.2
  • 55
    • 12944324693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antileukemic activity and cellular metabolism of the aryl phosphate derivative of bromomethoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07)
    • Uckun FM, Tai HL, D'Cruz OJ. 2005. Antileukemic activity and cellular metabolism of the aryl phosphate derivative of bromomethoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07). Arzneimittelforschung/Drug Res. 55: 50-65.
    • (2005) Arzneimittelforschung/Drug Res , vol.55 , pp. 50-65
    • Uckun, F.M.1    Tai, H.L.2    D'Cruz, O.J.3
  • 57
    • 0028901558 scopus 로고
    • Nonoxynol-9 use, genital ulcers, and HIV infection in a cohort of sex workers
    • Weir SS, Roddy RE, Zekeng L, Feldblum PJ. 1995. Nonoxynol-9 use, genital ulcers, and HIV infection in a cohort of sex workers. Genitourin. Med. 71: 78-81.
    • (1995) Genitourin. Med , vol.71 , pp. 78-81
    • Weir, S.S.1    Roddy, R.E.2    Zekeng, L.3    Feldblum, P.J.4
  • 58
    • 0036787314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonoxynol-9 spermicide for prevention of vaginally acquired HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials including more than 5000 women
    • Wilkinson D, Tholandi M, Ramjee G, Rutherford GW. 2002. Nonoxynol-9 spermicide for prevention of vaginally acquired HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials including more than 5000 women. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2: 613-617.
    • (2002) Lancet Infect. Dis , vol.2 , pp. 613-617
    • Wilkinson, D.1    Tholandi, M.2    Ramjee, G.3    Rutherford, G.W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.