메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 9-36

Measurement of the depth of anaesthesia;Messung der narkosetiefe

Author keywords

Analgesia; Analysis procedure; Depth of anaesthesia; Electroencephalogram; Hypnosis

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIA; ANESTHESIA; ANESTHESIST; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BLOOD PRESSURE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EVOKED AUDITORY RESPONSE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HYPNOSIS; PAIN; REVIEW; SEDATION; STIMULUS RESPONSE;

EID: 38749086804     PISSN: 00032417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00101-007-1294-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 0036207145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpiger S, Helbo-Hansen HS, Jensen EW (2002) Effect of sevoflurane on the mid-latency auditory evoked potentials measured by a new fast extracting monitor. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46: 252-256
    • (2002) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.46 , pp. 252
    • Alpiger1
  • 2
    • 18144370801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpiger S, Helbo-Hansen HS, Vach W, Ording H (2005) Efficacy of A-line AEP Monitor as a tool for predicting acceptable tracheal intubation conditions during sevoflurane anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 94: 601-606
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.94 , pp. 601
    • Alpiger1
  • 3
    • 3342901681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpiger S, Helbo-Hansen HS, Vach W, Ording H (2004) Efficacy of the A-line AEP monitor as a tool for predicting successful insertion of a laryngeal mask during sevoflurane anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48: 888-893
    • (2004) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.48 , pp. 888
    • Alpiger1
  • 4
    • 21744451799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anderson RE, Barr G, Jakobsson JG (2005) Cerebral state index during anaesthetic induction: a comparative study with propofol or nitrous oxide. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 49: 750-753
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.49 , pp. 750
    • Anderson1
  • 5
    • 0742306773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anderson RE, Jakobsson JG (2004) Entropy of EEG during anaesthetic induction: a comparative study with propofol or nitrous oxide as sole agent. Br J Anaesth 92: 167-170
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.92 , pp. 167
    • Anderson1
  • 6
    • 0036059213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barr G, Anderson R, Jakobsson J (2002) The effects of nitrous oxide on the auditory evoked potential index during sevoflurane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 57: 736-739
    • (2002) Anaesthesia , vol.57 , pp. 736
    • Barr1
  • 7
    • 2942665881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bauerle K, Greim CA, Schroth M et al. (2004) Prediction of depth of sedation and anaesthesia by the Narcotrend EEG monitor. Br J Anaesth 92: 841-845
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.92 , pp. 841
    • Bauerle1
  • 8
    • 27744443326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baughman VL, Hoffman WE, Koenig HM et al. (2005) Recovery from paralysis with succinylcholine increased Response entropy and EMG but not State entropy. J Clin Monit Comput 19: 201-205
    • (2005) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.19 , pp. 201
    • Baughman1
  • 9
    • 34250548621 scopus 로고
    • Berger H (1929) Über das Elektroenkephalogram des Menschen: I. Mitteilung. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 87: 527-528
    • (1929) Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr , vol.87 , pp. 527
    • Berger1
  • 10
    • 0014802382 scopus 로고
    • Brice DD, Hetherington RR, Utting JE (1970) A simple study of awareness and dreaming during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 42: 535-542
    • (1970) Br J Anaesth , vol.42 , pp. 535
    • Brice1
  • 11
    • 0037248123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bruhn J (2003) Vergleich verschiedener EEG-Parameter: Spektrale Eckfrequenz 95, approximate Entropie und Bispektral-Index. Anaesthesiol Intensivmed 44: 17-21
    • (2003) Anaesthesiol Intensivmed , vol.44 , pp. 17
    • Bruhn1
  • 12
    • 11344257731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bruhn J, Kreuer S, Bischoff P et al. (2005) Bispectral index and A-line AAI index as guidance for desflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia compared with a standard practice group: a multicentre study. Br J Anaesth 94: 63-69
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.94 , pp. 63
    • Bruhn1
  • 13
    • 0036894508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chen X, Tang J, White PF et al. (2002) A comparison of patient state index and bispectral index values during the perioperative period. Anesth Analg 95: 1669-1674
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.95 , pp. 1669
    • Chen1
  • 14
    • 30144440591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chisholm CJ, Zurica J, Mironov D et al. (2006) Comparison of electrophysiologic monitors with clinical assessment of level of sedation. Mayo Clin Proc 81: 46-52
    • (2006) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.81 , pp. 46
    • Chisholm1
  • 15
    • 27744461432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Davidson AJ, Huang GH, Rebmann CS, Ellery C (2005) Performance of entropy and Bispectral Index as measures of anaesthesia effect in children of different ages. Br J Anaesth 95: 674-679
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.95 , pp. 674
    • Davidson1
  • 16
    • 0001517956 scopus 로고
    • Davis H, Davis PA, Loomis AL et al. (1937) Changes in human brain potentials during the onset of sleep. Science 86: 448-450
    • (1937) Science , vol.86 , pp. 448
    • Davis1
  • 17
    • 4544270920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deem S, Souter MJ (2004) B-aware: recall of intraoperative events. Lancet 364: 840; author reply 841-842
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 840
    • Deem1
  • 18
    • 0033988636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detsch O, Schneider G, Kochs E et al. (2000) Increasing isoflurane concentration may cause paradoxical increases in the EEG bispectral index in surgical patients. Br J Anaesth 84: 33-37
    • (2000) Br J Anaesth , vol.84 , pp. 33
    • Detsch1
  • 19
    • 12944336563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doi M, Morita K, Mantzaridis H et al. (2005) Prediction of responses to various stimuli during sedation: a comparison of three EEG variables. Intensive Care Med 31: 41-47
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 41
    • Doi1
  • 20
    • 0032933744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domino KB, Posner KL, Caplan RA, Cheney FW (1999) Awareness during anesthesia: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 90: 1053-1061
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 1053
    • Domino1
  • 21
    • 0036300626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drover DR, Lemmens HJ, Pierce ET et al. (2002) Patient State Index: titration of delivery and recovery from propofol, alfentanil, and nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology 97: 82-89
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.97 , pp. 82
    • Drover1
  • 22
    • 25644457492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drummond JC, Patel PM (2005) Editorial board reproached for publication of BIS-mortality correlation. Anesth Analg 101: 1238-1239; author reply 1240-1231
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.101 , pp. 1238
    • Drummond1
  • 23
    • 4644285574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dullenkopf A, Schmitz A, Lamesic G et al. (2004) The influence of acupressure on the monitoring of acoustic evoked potentials in unsedated adult volunteers. Anesth Analg 99: 1147-1151
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , pp. 1147
    • Dullenkopf1
  • 24
    • 15344341695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ellerkmann RK, Kreuer S, Wilhelm W et al. (2004) The correlation of the bispectral index with propofol effect site concentrations is not altered by epochs indicated as artefact-loaded by narcotrend. J Clin Monit Comput 18: 283-287
    • (2004) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.18 , pp. 283
    • Ellerkmann1
  • 25
    • 9444236785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ellerkmann RK, Liermann VM, Alves TM et al. (2004) Spectral entropy and bispectral index as measures of the electroencephalographic effects of sevoflurane. Anesthesiology 101: 1275-1282
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 1275
    • Ellerkmann1
  • 26
    • 33646180669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ellerkmann RK, Soehle M, Alves TM et al. (2006) Spectral entropy and bispectral index as measures of the electroencephalographic effects of propofol. Anesth Analg 102: 1456-1462
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102 , pp. 1456
    • Ellerkmann1
  • 27
    • 0023680468 scopus 로고
    • Evans C, Richardson PH (1988) Improved recovery and reduced postoperative stay after therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia. Lancet 2: 491-493
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 491
    • Evans1
  • 29
    • 0035993505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ge SJ, Zhuang XL, Wang YT et al. (2002) Changes in the rapidly extracted auditory evoked potentials index and the bispectral index during sedation induced by propofol or midazolam under epidural block. Br J Anaesth 89: 260-264
    • (2002) Br J Anaesth , vol.89 , pp. 260
    • Ge1
  • 30
    • 0030901893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glass PS, Bloom M, Kearse L et al. (1997) Bispectral analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol, midazolam, isoflurane, and alfentanil in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 86: 836-847
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.86 , pp. 836
    • Glass1
  • 31
    • 15344343950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grouven U, Beger FA, Schultz B, Schultz A (2004) Correlation of Narcotrend Index, entropy measures, and spectral parameters with calculated propofol effect-site concentrations during induction of propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia. J Clin Monit Comput 18: 231-240
    • (2004) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.18 , pp. 231
    • Grouven1
  • 32
    • 0033860934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guignard B, Bossard AE, Coste C et al. (2000) Acute opioid tolerance: intraoperative remifentanil increases postoperative pain and morphine requirement. Anesthesiology 93: 409-417
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.93 , pp. 409
    • Guignard1
  • 33
    • 0033957346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guignard B, Menigaux C, Dupont X et al. (2000) The effect of remifentanil on the bispectral index change and hemodynamic responses after orotracheal intubation. Anesth Analg 90: 161-167
    • (2000) Anesth Analg , vol.90 , pp. 161
    • Guignard1
  • 34
    • 14844352442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hans P, Dewandre PY, Brichant JF, Bonhomme V (2005) Comparative effects of ketamine on Bispectral Index and spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 94: 336-340
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.94 , pp. 336
    • Hans1
  • 35
    • 18144384779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iannuzzi M, Iannuzzi E, Rossi F et al. (2005) Relationship between bispectral index, electroencephalographic state entropy and effect-site EC50 for propofol at different clinical endpoints. Br J Anaesth 94: 613-616
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.94 , pp. 613
    • Iannuzzi1
  • 36
    • 0142086780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jeleazcov C, Schwilden H (2003) Bispectral analysis does not differentiate between anaesthesia EEG and a linear random process. Biomed Tech (Berl) 48: 269-274
    • (2003) Biomed , pp. 269
    • Jeleazcov1
  • 37
    • 33746887801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jensen EW, Litvan H, Revuelta M et al. (2006) Cerebral State Index during propofol anesthesia: a comparison with the Bispectral Index and the A-Line ARX Index. Anesthesiology 105: 28-36
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.105 , pp. 28
    • Jensen1
  • 38
    • 0031934912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Katoh T, Suzuki A, Ikeda K (1998) Electroencephalographic derivatives as a tool for predicting the depth of sedation and anesthesia induced by sevoflurane. Anesthesiology 88: 642-650
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.88 , pp. 642
    • Katoh1
  • 39
    • 0038110672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Biedler A, Larsen R et al. (2003) Narcotrend monitoring allows faster emergence and a reduction of drug consumption in propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. Anesthesiology 99: 34-41
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , pp. 34
    • Kreuer1
  • 40
    • 4644350357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Bruhn J, Larsen R et al. (2004) Comparison of BIS and AAI as measures of anaesthetic drug effect during desflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48: 1168-1173
    • (2004) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.48 , pp. 1168
    • Kreuer1
  • 41
    • 4344629472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Bruhn J, Larsen R et al. (2004) Comparability of Narcotrend index and bispectral index during propofol anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 93: 235-240
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.93 , pp. 235
    • Kreuer1
  • 42
    • 33645508792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Bruhn J, Larsen R et al. (2006) A-line, bispectral index, and estimated effect-site concentrations: a prediction of clinical end-points of anesthesia. Anesth Analg 102: 1141-1146
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102 , pp. 1141
    • Kreuer1
  • 43
    • 4644289240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Bruhn J, Larsen R et al. (2004) Application of Bispectral Index and Narcotrend index to the measurement of the electroencephalographic effects of isoflurane with and without burst suppression. Anesthesiology 101: 847-854
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 847
    • Kreuer1
  • 44
    • 0042830524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Bruhn J, Larsen R et al. (2003) Comparison of Alaris AEP index and bispectral index during propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 91: 336-340
    • (2003) Br J Anaesth , vol.91 , pp. 336
    • Kreuer1
  • 45
    • 22944491748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Bruhn J, Stracke C et al. (2005) Narcotrend or bispectral index monitoring during desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia: a comparison with a standard practice protocol. Anesth Analg 101: 427-434
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.101 , pp. 427
    • Kreuer1
  • 46
    • 1342267330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreuer S, Wilhelm W, Grundmann U et al. (2004) Narcotrend index versus bispectral index as electroencephalogram measures of anesthetic drug effect during propofol anesthesia. Anesth Analg 98: 692-697
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , pp. 692
    • Kreuer1
  • 47
    • 0036326962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litvan H, Jensen EW, Galan J et al. (2002) Comparison of conventional averaged and rapid averaged, autoregressive-based extracted auditory evoked potentials for monitoring the hypnotic level during propofol induction. Anesthesiology 97: 351-358
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.97 , pp. 351
    • Litvan1
  • 48
    • 0036204661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litvan H, Jensen EW, Revuelta M et al. (2002) Comparison of auditory evoked potentials and the A-line ARX index for monitoring the hypnotic level during sevoflurane and propofol induction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46: 245-251
    • (2002) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.46 , pp. 245
    • Litvan1
  • 49
    • 28344452112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liu N, Chazot T, Huybrechts I et al. (2005) The influence of a muscle relaxant bolus on bispectral and datex-ohmeda entropy values during propofol-remifentanil induced loss of consciousness. Anesth Analg 101: 1713-1718
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.101 , pp. 1713
    • Liu1
  • 50
    • 0030662399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantzaridis H, Kenny GN (1997) Auditory evoked potential index: a quantitative measure of changes in auditory evoked potentials during general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 52: 1030-1036
    • (1997) Anaesthesia , vol.52 , pp. 1030
    • Mantzaridis1
  • 51
    • 0041846783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Messner M, Beese U, Romstock J et al. (2003) The bispectral index declines during neuromuscular block in fully awake persons. Anesth Analg 97: 488-491
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , pp. 488
    • Messner1
  • 52
    • 0037311796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milne SE, Troy A, Irwin MG, Kenny GN (2003) Relationship between bispectral index, auditory evoked potential index and effect-site EC50 for propofol at two clinical end-points. Br J Anaesth 90: 127-131
    • (2003) Br J Anaesth , vol.90 , pp. 127
    • Milne1
  • 53
    • 10944222205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monk TG, Saini V, Weldon BC, Sigl JC (2005) Anesthetic management and one-year mortality after noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 100: 4-10
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.100 , pp. 4
    • Monk1
  • 54
    • 0038311841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Munte S, Munte TF, Grotkamp J et al. (2003) Implicit memory varies as a function of hypnotic electroencephalogram stage in surgical patients. Anesth Analg 97: 132-138
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , pp. 132
    • Munte1
  • 55
    • 0035076441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mychaskiw G 2nd, Horowitz M, Sachdev V, Heath BJ (2001) Explicit intraoperative recall at a Bispectral Index of 47. Anesth Analg 92: 808-809
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.92 , pp. 808
    • Mychaskiw1
  • 56
    • 2542562742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myles PS, Leslie K, McNeil J et al. (2004) Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B-Aware randomised controlled trial. Lancet 363: 1757-1763
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1757
    • Myles1
  • 57
    • 25444530922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nishiyama T (2005) Changes in the auditory evoked potentials index by induction doses of four different intravenous anesthetics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 49: 1326-1329
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.49 , pp. 1326
    • Nishiyama1
  • 59
    • 4544362485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pavlovic D, Usichenko T (2004) B-aware: recall of intraoperative events. Lancet 364: 841; author reply 841-842
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 841
    • Pavlovic1
  • 60
    • 33645520346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilge S, Zanner R, Schneider G et al. (2006) Time delay of index calculation: analysis of cerebral state, bispectral, and narcotrend indices. Anesthesiology 104: 488-494
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 488
    • Pilge1
  • 61
    • 0031719760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rampil IJ, Kim JS, Lenhardt R et al. (1998) Bispectral EEG index during nitrous oxide administration. Anesthesiology 89: 671-677
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 671
    • Rampil1
  • 62
    • 0344420399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recart A, Gasanova I, White PF et al. (2003) The effect of cerebral monitoring on recovery after general anesthesia: a comparison of the auditory evoked potential and bispectral index devices with standard clinical practice. Anesth Analg 97: 1667-1674
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , pp. 1667
    • Recart1
  • 63
    • 33244495314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russell IF (2006) The Narcotrend.,depth of anaesthesia" monitor cannot reliably detect consciousness during general anaesthesia: an investigation using the isolated forearm technique. Br J Anaesth 96: 346-352
    • (2006) Br J Anaesth , vol.96 , pp. 346
    • Russell1
  • 64
    • 85120210939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scarlett J, Hahn N, Jacobsohn E, Avidan MS (2005) The evidence that deep anesthesia impacts long term mortality is not compelling. Anesth Analg 101: 1880; author reply 1880-1881
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.101 , pp. 1880
    • Scarlett1
  • 65
    • 0347993844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T et al. (2004) Alaris AEP monitor's.,click detection" does not help to detect inadvertent disconnection of headphones during anesthesia. Anesth Analg 98: 123-127, table of contents
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , pp. 123
    • Schmidt1
  • 66
    • 9444277841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T et al. (2004) Comparative evaluation of the Datex-Ohmeda S/5 Entropy Module and the Bispectral Index monitor during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. Anesthesiology 101: 1283-1290
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 1283
    • Schmidt1
  • 67
    • 0037636228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T et al. (2003) ARX-derived auditory evoked potential index and bispectral index during the induction of anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Anesth Analg 97: 139-144
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , pp. 139
    • Schmidt1
  • 68
    • 14644444485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T et al. (2005) SNAP index and Bispectral index during different states of propofol/remifentanil anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 60: 228-234
    • (2005) Anaesthesia , vol.60 , pp. 228
    • Schmidt1
  • 69
    • 1942468900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T et al. (2004) Comparative evaluation of Narcotrend, Bispectral Index, and classical electroencephalographic variables during induction, maintenance, and emergence of a propofol/remifentanil anesthesia. Anesth Analg 98: 1346-1353
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , pp. 1346
    • Schmidt1
  • 70
    • 0036829311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T et al. (2002) Narcotrend, bispectral index, and classical electroencephalogram variables during emergence from propofol/remifentanil anesthesia. Anesth Analg 95: 1324-1330
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.95 , pp. 1324
    • Schmidt1
  • 71
    • 2642582563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidt GN, Standl T, Lankenau G et al. (2004) SNAP-index and bispectral index during induction of anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 39: 286-291
    • (2004) Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther , vol.39 , pp. 286
    • Schmidt1
  • 72
    • 0042830525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schneider G, Gelb AW, Schmeller B et al. (2003) Detection of awareness in surgical patients with EEG-based indices - bispectral index and patient state index. Br J Anaesth 91: 329-335
    • (2003) Br J Anaesth , vol.91 , pp. 329
    • Schneider1
  • 73
    • 7244232859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schneider G, Kochs EF, Horn B et al. (2004) Narcotrend does not adequately detect the transition between awareness and unconsciousness in surgical patients. Anesthesiology 101: 1105-1111
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 1105
    • Schneider1
  • 74
    • 1842714959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schultz A, Grouven U, Beger FA, Schultz B (2004) The Narcotrend Index: classification algorithm, correlation with propofol effect-site concentrations, and comparison with spectral parameters. Biomed Tech (Berl) 49: 38-42
    • (2004) Biomed , pp. 38
    • Schultz1
  • 75
    • 0028183243 scopus 로고
    • Schwender D, Kaiser A, Klasing S et al. (1994) Anesthesia with flunitrazepam/fentanyl and isoflurane/fentanyl. Unconscious perception and mid-latency auditory evoked potentials. Anaesthesist 43: 289-297
    • (1994) Anaesthesist , vol.43 , pp. 289
    • Schwender1
  • 76
    • 0031893066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwender D, Kunze-Kronawitter H, Dietrich P et al. (1998) Conscious awareness during general anaesthesia: patients' perceptions, emotions, cognition and reactions. Br J Anaesth 80: 133-139
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.80 , pp. 133
    • Schwender1
  • 77
    • 0030021080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith WD, Dutton RC, Smith NT (1996) Measuring the performance of anesthetic depth indicators. Anesthesiology 84: 38-51
    • (1996) Anesthesiology , vol.84 , pp. 38
    • Smith1
  • 78
    • 20944449446 scopus 로고
    • Snow J (1847) On the inhaltion of vapour of ether in surgical operations. Lancet 1: 551-554
    • (1847) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 551
    • Snow1
  • 79
    • 0030721955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Song D, Joshi GP, White PF (1997) Titration of volatile anesthetics using bispectral index facilitates recovery after ambulatory anesthesia. Anesthesiology 87: 842-848
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , pp. 842
    • Song1
  • 80
    • 33745959203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soto RG, Smith RA, Zaccaria AL, Miguel RV (2006) The effect of addition of nitrous oxide to a sevoflurane anesthetic on BIS, PSI, and entropy. J Clin Monit Comput 20: 145-150
    • (2006) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.20 , pp. 145
    • Soto1
  • 81
    • 0031835971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Struys M, Versichelen L, Mortier E et al. (1998) Comparison of spontaneous frontal EMG, EEG power spectrum and bispectral index to monitor propofol drug effect and emergence. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 42: 628-636
    • (1998) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.42 , pp. 628
    • Struys1
  • 82
    • 0036206213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Struys MM, Jensen EW, Smith W et al. (2002) Performance of the ARX-derived auditory evoked potential index as an indicator of anesthetic depth: a comparison with bispectral index and hemodynamic measures during propofol administration. Anesthesiology 96: 803-816
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 803
    • Struys1
  • 83
    • 0141432147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Struys MM, Vereecke H, Moerman A et al. (2003) Ability of the bispectral index, autoregressive modelling with exogenous input-derived auditory evoked potentials, and predicted propofol concentrations to measure patient responsiveness during anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Anesthesiology 99: 802-812
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , pp. 802
    • Struys1
  • 84
    • 0842348901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vakkuri A, Yli-Hankala A, Talja P et al. (2004) Time-frequency balanced spectral entropy as a measure of anesthetic drug effect in central nervous system during sevoflurane, propofol, and thiopental anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48: 145-153
    • (2004) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.48 , pp. 145
    • Vakkuri1
  • 85
    • 7444264092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vanluchene AL, Struys MM, Heyse BE, Mortier EP (2004) Spectral entropy measurement of patient responsiveness during propofol and remifentanil. A comparison with the bispectral index. Br J Anaesth 93: 645-654
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.93 , pp. 645
    • Vanluchene1
  • 86
    • 3042687108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vanluchene AL, Vereecke H, Thas O et al. (2004) Spectral entropy as an electroencephalographic measure of anesthetic drug effect: a comparison with bispectral index and processed midlatency auditory evoked response. Anesthesiology 101: 34-42
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 34
    • Vanluchene1
  • 87
    • 3342958869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weber F, Bein T, Hobbhahn J, Taeger K (2004) Evaluation of the Alaris Auditory Evoked Potenzial Index as an indicator of anesthetic depth in preschool children during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil. Anesthesiology 101: 294-298
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , pp. 294
    • Weber1
  • 88
    • 17644426697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weber F, Gruber M, Taeger K (2005) The correlation of the Narcotrend Index and classical electroencephalographic parameters with endtidal desflurane concentrations and hemodynamic parameters in different age groups. Paediatr Anaesth 15: 378-384
    • (2005) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.15 , pp. 378
    • Weber1
  • 89
    • 32944477458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weber F, Hollnberger H, Gruber M et al. (2005) The correlation of the Narcotrend Index with endtidal sevoflurane concentrations and hemodynamic parameters in children. Paediatr Anaesth 15: 727-732
    • (2005) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.15 , pp. 727
    • Weber1
  • 90
    • 25844514234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weber F, Pohl F, Hollnberger H, Taeger K (2005) Impact of the Narcotrend Index on propofol consumption and emergence times during total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil in children: a clinical utility study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 22: 741-747
    • (2005) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.22 , pp. 741
    • Weber1
  • 91
    • 22944440961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weber F, Zimmermann M, Bein T (2005) The impact of acoustic stimulation on the AEP monitor/2 derived composite auditory evoked potential index under awake and anesthetized conditions. Anesth Analg 101: 435-439
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.101 , pp. 435
    • Weber1
  • 92
    • 1642314446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White PF, Ma H, Tang J et al. (2004) Does the use of electroencephalographic bispectral index or auditory evoked potential index monitoring facilitate recovery after desflurane anesthesia in the ambulatory setting? Anesthesiology 100: 811-817
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.100 , pp. 811
    • White1
  • 93
    • 6444233480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White PF, Tang J, Ma H et al. (2004) Is the patient state analyzer with the PSArray2 a cost-effective alternative to the bispectral index monitor during the perioperative period? Anesth Analg 99: 1429-1435
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , pp. 1429
    • White1
  • 94
    • 0036910544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wilhelm W, Kreuer S, Larsen R (2002) Narcotrend EEG monitoring during total intravenous anaesthesia in 4,630 patients. Anaesthesist 51: 980-988
    • (2002) Anaesthesist , vol.51 , pp. 980
    • Wilhelm1
  • 95
    • 33747377207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wong CA, Fragen RJ, Fitzgerald P, McCarthy RJ (2006) A comparison of the SNAP IITM and BIS XPTM indices during sevoflurane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia at 1 and 1,5 MAC and at awakening. Br J Anaesth 97: 181-186
    • (2006) Br J Anaesth , vol.97 , pp. 181
    • Wong1
  • 96
    • 10944240543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wong CA, Fragen RJ, Fitzgerald PC, McCarthy RJ (2005) The association between propofol-induced loss of consciousness and the SNAP index. Anesth Analg 100: 141-148
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.100 , pp. 141
    • Wong1
  • 97
    • 0000565705 scopus 로고
    • Woodbridge PD (1957) Changing concepts concerning depth of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 18: 536-550
    • (1957) Anesthesiology , vol.18 , pp. 536
    • Woodbridge1
  • 98
    • 33748748223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xu YG, Guo QL, Wang YQ (2004) Effects of desflurane on auditory evoked potential index and quantitative electroencephalogram. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 29: 94-96
    • (2004) Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban , vol.29 , pp. 94
    • Xu1
  • 99
    • 28844498476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhong T, Guo QL, Pang YD et al. (2005) Comparative evaluation of the cerebral state index and the bispectral index during target-controlled infusion of propofol. Br J Anaesth 95: 798-802
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.95 , pp. 798
    • Zhong1
  • 100
    • 32544442007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zohar E, Luban I, White PF et al. (2006) Bispectral index monitoring does not improve early recovery of geriatric outpatients undergoing brief surgical procedures. Can J Anaesth 53: 20-25
    • (2006) Can J Anaesth , vol.53 , pp. 20
    • Zohar1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.