Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and new insights into the renin-angiotensin system

Biochemical Pharmacology

Volumn 75, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 781-786

  Lambert, Daniel W ^a   Hooper, Nigel M ^a,b   Turner, Anthony J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

ACE; ACE2; Angiotensin; ARDS; Diabetes; SARS

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN II [3-8]; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; COLLECTIN; METALLOPROTEINASE;

ARTICLE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CATALYSIS; CYTOLOGY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; KIDNEY; LIVER DISEASE; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PANCREAS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; VASODILATATION;

EID: 38649137299     PISSN: 00062952     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.012     Document Type: Note

References (54)

1. Donoghue M., Hsieh F., Baronas E., Godbout K., Gosselin M., Stagliano N., et al. A novel angiotensin converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res 87 5 (2000) E1-E9
2. Tipnis S.R., Hooper N.M., Hyde R., Karran E., Christie G., and Turner A.J. A human homolog of angiotensin converting enzyme: cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 275 43 (2000) 33238-33243
3. Danilczyk U., Sarao R., Remy C., Benabbas C., Stange G., Richter A., et al. Essential role for collectrin in renal amino acid transport. Nature 444 7122 (2006) 1088-1091
4. Malakauskas S.M., Quan H., Fields T.A., McCall S.J., Yu M.J., Kourany W.M., et al. Aminoaciduria and altered renal expression of luminal amino acid transporters in mice lacking novel gene collectrin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292 2 (2007) F533-F544
5. Akpinar P., Kuwajima S., Krutzfeldt J., and Stoffel M. Tmem27: a cleaved and shed plasma membrane protein that stimulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Cell Metab 2 6 (2005) 385-397
6. Fukui K., Yang Q., Cao Y., Takahashi N., Hatakeyama H., Wang H., et al. The HNF-1 target collectrin controls insulin exocytosis by SNARE complex formation. Cell Metab 2 6 (2005) 373-384
7. Warner F.J., Lew R.A., Smith A.I., Lambert D.W., Hooper N.M., and Turner A.J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but not ACE, is preferentially localized to the apical surface of polarized kidney cells. J Biol Chem 280 47 (2005) 39353-39362
8. Turner A.J. Exploring the structure and function of zinc metallopeptidases: old enzymes and new discoveries. Biochem Soc Trans 31 Pt 3 (2003) 723-727
9. Lambert D.W., Yarski M., Warner F.J., Thornhill P., Parkin E.T., Smith A.I., et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). J Biol Chem 280 34 (2005) 30113-30119
10. Douglas G.C., O'Bryan M.K., Hedger M.P., Lee D.K., Yarski M.A., Smith A.I., et al. The novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) homolog, ACE2, is selectively expressed by adult Leydig cells of the testis. Endocrinology 145 10 (2004) 4703-4711
11. Vickers C., Hales P., Kaushik V., Dick L., Gavin J., Tang J., et al. Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 277 17 (2002) 14838-14843
12. Guy J.L., Jackson R.M., Acharya K.R., Sturrock E.D., Hooper N.M., and Turner A.J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2): comparative modeling of the active site, specificity requirements, and chloride dependence. Biochemistry 42 45 (2003) 13185-13192
13. Iyer S.N., Averill D.B., Chappell M.C., Yamada K., Allred A.J., and Ferrario C.M. Contribution of angiotensin-(1-7) to blood pressure regulation in salt-depleted hypertensive rats. Hypertension 36 3 (2000) 417-422
14. Greco A.J., Master R.G., Fokin Jr. A., Baber S.R., and Kadowitz P.J. Angiotensin-(1-7) potentiates responses to bradykinin but does not change responses to angiotensin I. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 84 11 (2006) 1163-1175
15. Rajendran S., Chirkov Y.Y., Campbell D.J., and Horowitz J.D. Angiotensin-(1-7) enhances anti-aggregatory effects of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 46 4 (2005) 459-463
16. Grobe J.L., Mecca A.P., Lingis M., Shenoy V., Bolton T.A., Machado J.M., et al. Prevention of angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by angiotensin-(1-7). Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292 2 (2007) H736-H742
17. Turner A.J., and Hooper N.M. The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene family: genomics and pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 23 4 (2002) 177-183
18. Kakoki M., McGarrah R.W., Kim H.S., and Smithies O. Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors both have protective roles in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 18 (2007) 7576-7581
19. Guy J.L., Jackson R.M., Jensen H.A., Hooper N.M., and Turner A.J. Identification of critical active-site residues in angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) by site-directed mutagenesis. FEBS J 272 14 (2005) 3512-3520
20. Towler P., Staker B., Prasad S.G., Menon S., Tang J., Parsons T., et al. ACE2 X-ray structures reveal a large hinge-bending motion important for inhibitor binding and catalysis. J Biol Chem 279 17 (2004) 17996-18007
21. Rice G.I., Thomas D.A., Grant P.J., Turner A.J., and Hooper N.M. Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism. Biochem J 383 Pt 1 (2004) 45-51
22. Huang L., Sexton D.J., Skogerson K., Devlin M., Smith R., Sanyal I., et al. Novel peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. J Biol Chem 278 18 (2003) 15532-15540
23. Dales N.A., Gould A.E., Brown J.A., Calderwood E.F., Guan B., Minor C.A., et al. Substrate-based design of the first class of angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 124 40 (2002) 11852-11853
24. Crackower M.A., Sarao R., Oudit G.Y., Yagil C., Kozieradzki I., Scanga S.E., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature 417 6891 (2002) 822-828
25. Oudit G.Y., Herzenberg A.M., Kassiri Z., Wong D., Reich H., Khokha R., et al. Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 leads to the late development of angiotensin II-dependent glomerulosclerosis. Am J Pathol 168 6 (2006) 1808-1820
26. Gurley S.B., Allred A., Le T.H., Griffiths R., Mao L., Philip N., et al. Altered blood pressure responses and normal cardiac phenotype in ACE2-null mice. J Clin Invest 116 8 (2006) 2218-2225
27. Donoghue M., Wakimoto H., Maguire C.T., Acton S., Hales P., Stagliano N., et al. Heart block, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death in ACE2 transgenic mice with downregulated connexins. J Mol Cell Cardiol 35 9 (2003) 1043-1053
28. Zisman L.S., Keller R.S., Weaver B., Lin Q., Speth R., Bristow M.R., et al. Increased angiotensin-(1-7)-forming activity in failing human heart ventricles: evidence for upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme homologue ACE2. Circulation 108 14 (2003) 1707-1712
29. Ferrario C.M., Trask A.J., and Jessup J.A. Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in regulation of cardiovascular function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289 6 (2005) H2281-H2290
30. Burrell L.M., Risvanis J., Kubota E., Dean R.G., MacDonald P.S., Lu S., et al. Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans. Eur Heart J 26 4 (2005) 369-375 discussion 322-4
31. Ishiyama Y., Gallagher P.E., Averill D.B., Tallant E.A., Brosnihan K.B., and Ferrario C.M. Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors. Hypertension 43 5 (2004) 970-976
32. Yang W., Huang W., Su S., Li B., Zhao W., Chen S., et al. Association study of ACE2 (angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2) gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction in a Chinese Han population. Clin Sci (Lond) 111 5 (2006) 333-340
33. Li X., Rayford H., and Uhal B.D. Essential roles for angiotensin receptor AT1a in bleomycin-induced apoptosis and lung fibrosis in mice. Am J Pathol 163 6 (2003) 2523-2530
34. Marshall R.P., Webb S., Bellingan G.J., Montgomery H.E., Chaudhari B., McAnulty R.J., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with susceptibility and outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166 5 (2002) 646-650
35. Kuba K., Imai Y., Rao S., Gao H., Guo F., Guan B., et al. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury. Nat Med 11 8 (2005) 875-879
36. Li W., Moore M.J., Vasilieva N., Sui J., Wong S.K., Berne M.A., et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 426 6965 (2003) 450-454
37. Ware L.B., and Matthay M.A. The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 342 18 (2000) 1334-1349
38. Li F., Li W., Farzan M., and Harrison S.C. Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor. Science 309 5742 (2005) 1864-1868
39. Li W., Zhang C., Sui J., Kuhn J.H., Moore M.J., Luo S., et al. Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2. EMBO J 24 8 (2005) 1634-1643
40. Kuba K., Imai Y., Rao S., Jiang C., and Penninger J.M. Lessons from SARS: control of acute lung failure by the SARS receptor ACE2. J Mol Med 84 10 (2006) 814-820
41. Fasciolo J.C. The renin content of kidney. Acta Physiol Lat Am 1 1 (1950) 7-19
42. Lieberman J., and Sastre A. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in postmortem human tissues. Lab Invest 48 6 (1983) 711-717
43. Brown C.A., Zusman R.M., and Haber E. Identification of an angiotensin receptor in rabbit renomedullary interstitial cells in tissue culture: correlation with prostaglandin biosynthesis. Circ Res 46 6 (1980) 802-807
44. Mezzano S.A., Ruiz-Ortega M., and Egido J. Angiotensin II and renal fibrosis. Hypertension 38 3 Pt 2 (2001) 635-638
45. Ye M., Wysocki J., William J., Soler M.J., Cokic I., and Batlle D. Glomerular localization and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme: implications for albuminuria in diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 17 11 (2006) 3067-3075
46. Li N., Zimpelmann J., Cheng K., Wilkins J.A., and Burns K.D. The role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the generation of angiotensin 1-7 by rat proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288 2 (2005) F353-F362
47. Wysocki J., Ye M., Soler M.J., Gurley S.B., Xiao H.D., Bernstein K.E., et al. ACE and ACE2 activity in diabetic mice. Diabetes 55 7 (2006) 2132-2139
48. Tikellis C., Johnston C.I., Forbes J.M., Burns W.C., Burrell L.M., Risvanis J., et al. Characterization of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in diabetic nephropathy. Hypertension 41 3 (2003) 392-397
49. Soler MJ, Wysocki J, Ye M, Lloveras J, Kanwar Y, Batlle D. ACE2 inhibition worsens glomerular injury associated with increased ACE expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Kidney Int; 2007.
50. Brosnihan K.B., Neves L.A., Joyner J., Averill D.B., Chappell M.C., Sarao R., et al. Enhanced renal immunocytochemical expression of ANG-(1-7) and ACE2 during pregnancy. Hypertension 42 4 (2003) 749-753
51. Paizis G., Tikellis C., Cooper M.E., Schembri J.M., Lew R.A., Smith A.I., et al. Chronic liver injury in rats and humans upregulates the novel enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Gut 54 12 (2005) 1790-1796
52. Herath CB, Warner FJ, Lubel JS, Dean RG, Jia Z, Lew RA, et al. Upregulation of hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin-(1-7) levels in experimental biliary fibrosis. J Hepatol; 2007.
53. Zhang H., Wada J., Hida K., Tsuchiyama Y., Hiragushi K., Shikata K., et al. Collectrin, a collecting duct-specific transmembrane glycoprotein, is a novel homolog of ACE2 and is developmentally regulated in embryonic kidneys. J Biol Chem 276 20 (2001) 17132-17139
54. Zhang Y., Wada J., Yasuhara A., Iseda I., Eguchi J., Fukui K., et al. The role for HNF-1beta-targeted collectrin in maintenance of primary cilia and cell polarity in collecting duct cells. PLoS ONE 2 (2007) e414