The rat oncogenome: Comparative genetics and genomics of rat models of mammary carcinogenesis

Breast Disease

Volumn 28, Issue , 2007, Pages 69-86

  Shull, James D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 AMINO 1 METHYL 6 PHENYLIMIDAZO[4,5 B]PYRIDINE; 4 HYDROXYESTRADIOL; 4 HYDROXYESTRONE; 7,12 DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; GESTAGEN; METHYLNITROSOUREA; PROGESTERONE; TAMOXIFEN;

ANIMAL MODEL; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER GENETICS; CANCER MODEL; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER RISK; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONGENIC STRAIN; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE MAPPING; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; GENOMICS; HEREDITY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INHERITANCE; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; RAT; RAT STRAIN; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; STRAIN DIFFERENCE;

EID: 36549034398     PISSN: 08886008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/BD-2007-28108     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. T. Adamovic, L. Roshani, L. Chen, B.S. Schaffer, K. Helou, G. Levan, B. Olsson and J.D. Shull, Nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations in 17beta-estradiol-induced rat mammary tumors: Indications of distinct pathways for tumor development, Genes Chromosomes, Cancer (2007).
2. C.M. Aldaz, A. Chen, L.S. Gollahon, J. Russo and K. Zappler, Nonrandom abnormalities involving chromosome 1 and Harvey-ras-I alleles in rat mammary tumor progression, Cancer Res 52 (1992), 4791.
3. M.E. Benton, K.S. Chen, J.D. Haag, C.A. Sattler and M.N. Gould, Precocious differentiation of the virgin Wistar-Kyoto rat mammary gland, Endocrinology 140 (1999), 2659.
4. L. Bernstein and R.K. Ross, Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk, Epidemiol Rev 15 (1993), 48.
5. C.M. Blakely, A.J. Stoddard, G.K. Belka, K.D. Dugan, K.L. Notarfrancesco, S.E. Moody, C.M. D'Cruz and L.A. Chodosh, Hormone-induced protection against mammary tumorigenesis is conserved in multiple rat strains and identifies a core gene expression signature induced by pregnancy, Cancer Res 66 (2006), 6421.
6. E.L. Cavalieri and E.G. Rogan, A unified mechanism in the initiation of cancer, Ann NY Acad Sci 959 (2002), 341.
7. R.S. Cha, L. Guerra, W.G. Thilly and H. Zarbl, Ha-ras-1 oncogene mutations in mammary epithelial cells do not contribute to initiation of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in rats, Carcinogenesis 17 (1996), 2519.
8. R.S. Cha, W.G. Thilly and H. Zarbl, N-Nitroso-N methylurea-induced rat mammary tumors arise from cells with preexisting oncogenic HrasI mutations, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 (1994), 3749.
9. M.M. Chan, X. Lu, F.M. Merchant, J.D. Iglehart and P.L. Miron, Gene expression profiling of NMU-induced rat mammary tumors: Cross species comparison with human breast cancer, Carcinogenesis 26 (2005), 1343.
10. C.-L. Chen, N.S. Weiss, P. Newcomb, W. Barlow, and E. White, Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer, J Amer Med Assoc 287 (2002), 734.
11. R.T. Chlebowski, S.L. Hendrix, R.D. Langer, M.L. Stefanick, M. Gass, D. Lane, R.J. Rodabough, M.A. Gilligan, M.G. Cyr, C.A. Thomson, J. Khandekar, H. Petrovitch and A. McTiernan, Influence of estrogen plus progestin onbreast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial, J. Amer Med Assoc 289 (2003), 3243.
12. A.T. Christian, E.G. Snyderwine and J.D. Tucker, Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of PhIP-induced mammary carcinomas in rats reveals a cytogenetic signature, Mutat Res 506-507 (2002), 113.
13. M. Clemons and P. Goss, Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer, N Engl J Med 344 (2001), 276.
14. G.A. Colditz, K.M. Egan and M.J. Stampfer, Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: Results from epidemiologic studies, Am J Obstet Gynecol 168 (1993), 1473.
15. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: Collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer, Lancet 350 (1997), 1047.
16. M.S. Cotroneo, G.M. Merry, J.D. Haag, H. Lan, L.A. Shepel and M.N. Gould, The Mcs7 quantitative trait locus is associated with an increased susceptibility to mammary cancer in congenic rats and an allele-specific imbalance, Oncogene 25 (2006), 5011.
17. W.F. Dunning and M.R. Curtis, The incidence of diethylstilbestrol-induced cancer in reciprocal F1 hybrids obtained from crosses between rats of inbred lines that are susceptible and resistant to the induction of mammary cancer by this agent, Cancer Res 12 (1952), 702.
18. W.F. Dunning, M.R. Curtis and M.E. Madsen, Diethylstilbestrol-induced mammary gland and bladder cancer in reciprocal F1 hybrids between two inbred lines of rats, Acta-Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum 7 (1951), 238.
19. W.F. Dunning, M.R. Curtis and A. Segaloff, Strain differences in response to diethylstilbestrol and the induction of mammary gland and bladder cancer in the rat, Cancer Res 7 (1947), 511.
20. A. El-Sohemy and M.C. Archer, Inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea- and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-induced rat mammary turnorigenesis by dietary cholesterol is independent of Ha-Ras mutations, Carcinogenesis 21 (2000), 827.
21. M.F.W. Festing, Inbred Strains, in: The Laboratory Rat, (Vol. I), D.E.J. Baker, ed., Academic Press, New York, NY, 1979, pp. 55-72.
22. B. Fisher, Highlights from recent National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project studies in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, CA Cancer J Clinic 49 (1999), 159.
23. B. Fisher, J.P. Costantino, D.L. Wickerham, C.K. Redmond, M. Kavanah, W.M. Cronin, V. Vogel, A. Robidoux, N. Dimitrov, J. Atkins, M. Daly, S. Wieand, E. Tan-Chiu, L. Ford, and N. Wolmark, Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study, J Natl Cancer Inst 90 (1998), 1371.
24. A. Ghoshal, K.H. Preisegger, S. Takayama, S.S. Thorgeirsson and E.G. Snyderwine, Induction of mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats by the food-derived carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine and effect ofdietary fat, Carcinogenesis 15 (1994), 2429.
25. T.M. Goepfert, Y.E. Adigun, L. Zhong, J. Gay, D. Medina and W.R. Brinkley, Centrosome amplification and overexpression of aurora A are early events in rat mammary carcinogenesis, Cancer Res 62 (2002), 4115.
26. T.M. Goepfert, M. Moreno-Smith, D.G. Edwards, S. Pathak, D. Medina, and W.R. Brinkley, Loss of chromosomal integrity drives rat mammary tumorigenesis, Int J Cancer 120 (2007), 985.
27. L.S. Gollahon, A. Chen and C.M. Aldaz, Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome1q loci in rat mammary tumors, Mol Carcinogenesis 12 (1995), 7.
28. P.E. Goss and K. Strasser, Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, J Clin Oncol 19 (2001), 881.
29. K.A. Gould, M. Tochacek, B.S. Schaffer, T.M. Reindl, C.R. Murrin, C.M. Lachel, E.A. VanderWoude, K.L. Pennington, L.A. Flood, K.K. Bynote, J.L. Meza, M.A. Newton and J.D. Shull, Genetic Determination of Susceptibility to Estrogen-Induced Mammary Cancer in the ACI Rat: Mapping of Emca1 and Emca2 to Chromosomes 5 and 18, Genetics 168 (2004), 2113.
30. M.N. Gould, Inheritance and site of expression of genes controlling susceptibility to mammary cancer in an inbred model, Cancer Res 46 (1986), 1199.
31. P.M. Gullino, H.M. Pettigrew and F.H. Grantham, N Nitrosomethulurea as mammary gland carcinogen in rats, J Natl Cancer Inst 54 (1975), 401.
32. J.D. Haag, L.-C. Hsu, M.A. Newton and M.N. Gould, Allelic imbalance in mammary carcinomas induced by either 7,12-dimethylbenz [a]anthracene or ionizing radiation in rats carrying genes conferring differential susceptibilities to mammary carcinogenesis, Mol Carcinog 17 (1996), 134.
33. J.D. Haag, L.A. Shepel, B.D. Kolman, D.M. Monson, M.E. Benton, K.T. Watts, J.L. Waller, C.C. Lopez-Guajardo, D.J. Samuelson and M.N. Gould, Congenic rats reveal three independent Copenhagen alleles within the Mcs1 quantitative trait locus that confer resistance to mammary cancer, Cancer Res 63 (2003), 5808.
34. J.R. Harris, M.E. Lippman, U. Veronesi and W. Willett, Breast Cancer, N Engl J Med 327 (1992), 319.
35. D.M.E. Harvell, T.E. Strecker, M. Tochacek, B. Xie, K.L. Pennington, R.D. McComb, S.K. Roy and J.D. Shull, Rat strain specific actions of 17β-estradiol in the mammary gland: Correlation between estrogen-induced lobuloalveolar hyperplasia and susceptibility to estrogen-induced mammary cancers, Proc Natl Acad Sci 97 (2000), 2779.
36. D.M.E. Harvell, T.E. Strecker, B. Xie, L.K. Buckles, M. Tochacek, R.D. McComb and J.D. Shull, Diet-gene interactions in estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the ACI rat, J Nutrition 131 (2001), 3087S.
37. D.M.E. Harvell, T.E. Strecker, B. Xie, K.L. Pennington, R.D. McComb and J.D. Shull, Dietary energy restriction inhibits estrogen-induced mammary, but not pituitary, tumorigenesis in the ACI rat, Carcinogenesis 23 (2002), 161.
38. H.J. Hedrich, History, Strains and Models, in: The Laboratory Rat, G.J. Krinke ed., The Handbook of Experimental Animals, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2000, pp. 3-16.
39. N. Hokaiwado, M. Asamoto, Y.M. Cho, K. Imaida and T. Shirai, Frequent c-Ha-ras gene mutations in rat mammary carcinomas induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, Cancer Lett 163 (2001), 187.
40. L.-C. Hsu, W.S. Kennan, L.A. Shepel, H.J. Jacob, C. Szpirer, J. Szpirer, E.S. Lander and M.N. Gould, Genetic identification of Mcs-1, a rat mammary carcinoma suppressor gene, Cancer Res 54 (1994), 2765.
41. C. Huggins, L.C. Grand and F.P. Brillantes, Mammary cancer induced by a single feeding of polynuclear hydrocarbons, and its suppression, Nature 189 (1961), 204.
42. C. Ip, Mammary tumorigenesis and chemoprevention studies in carcinogen-treated rats, J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 1 (1996), 37.
43. J.T. Isaacs, Genetic control of resistance to chemically induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis in the rat, Cancer Res 46 (1986), 3958.
44. J.T. Isaacs, Inheritance of a genetic factor from the Copenhagen rat and the suppression of chemically induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis, Cancer Res 48 (1988), 2204.
45. J.T. Isaacs, A mammary cancer suppressor gene and its site of action in the rat, Cancer Res 51 (1991), 1591.
46. N. Ito, R. Hasegawa, M. Sano, S. Tamano, H. Esumi, S. Takayama and T. Sugimura, A new colon and mammary carcinogen in cooked food, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), Carcinogenesis 12 (1991), 1503.
47. T.J.A. Key, Hormones and cancer in humans, Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 333 (1995), 59.
48. K. Kito, T. Kihana, A. Sugita, S. Murao, S. Akehi, M. Sato, M. Tachibana, S. Kimura and N. Ueda, Incidence of p53and Ha-ras gene mutations in chemically induced rat mammary carcinomas, Mol Carcinogenesis 17 (1996), 78.
49. J.E. Korkola and M.C. Archer, Resistance to mammary tumorigenesis is Copenhagen rats is associated with the loss of preneoplastic lesions, Carcinogenesis 20 (1999), 221.
50. T. Kuramoto, K. Morimura, S. Yamashita, E. Okochi, N. Watanabe, T. Ohta, M. Ohki, S. Fukushima, T. Sugimura and T. Ushijima, Etiology-specific gene expression profiles in rat mammary carcinomas, Cancer Res 62 (2002), 3592.
51. H. Lan, C.M. Kendziorski, J.D. Haag, L.A. Shepel, M.A. Newton and M.N. Gould, Genetic loci controlling breast cancer susceptibility in the Wistar-Kyoto rat, Genetics 157 (2001), 331.
52. D.W. Layton, K.T. Bogen, M.G. Knize, F.T. Hatch, V.M. Johnson and J.S. Felton, Cancer risk of heterocyclic amines in cooked foods: An analysis and implications for research, Carcinogenesis 16 (1995), 39.
53. J.J. Li, D. Papa, M.F. Davis, S.J. Weroha, C.M. Aldaz, K. El Bayoumy, J. Ballenger, O. Tawfik and S.A. Li, Ploidy differences between hormone- and chemical carcinogen-induced rat mammary neoplasms: Comparison to invasive human ductal breast cancer, Mol Carcinog 33 (2002), 56.
54. J.J. Li, S.J. Weroha, W.L. Lingle, D. Papa, J.L. Salisbury and S.A. Li, Estrogen mediates Aurora-A overexpression, centrosome amplification, chromosomal instability, and breast cancer in female ACI rats, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 (2004), 18123.
55. S.A. Li, S.J. Weroha, O. Tawfik and J.J. Li, Prevention of solely estrogen-induced mammary tumors in female aci rats by tamoxifen: evidence for estrogen receptor mediation, J Endocrinol 175 (2002), 297.
56. J.G. Liehr, Is estradiol a genotoxic mutagenic carcinogen, Endocrine Rev 21 (2000), 40.
57. C.J. Moore, A.J. Bachhuber and M.N. Gould, Relationship of mammary tumor susceptibility, mammary cell-mediated mutagenesis, and metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in four types of rats, J Natl Cancer Insti 70 (1983), 777.
58. M. Nagao, T. Ushijima, N. Watanabe, E. Okochi, M. Ochiai, H. Nakagama and T. Sugimura, Studies on mammary carcinogenesis induced by a heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, in mice and rats, Environ Mol Mutagen 39 (2002), 158.
59. A.D. Papaconstantinou, I. Shanmugam, L. Shan, I.S. Schroeder, C. Qiu, M. Yu and E.G. Snyderwine, Gene expression profiling in the mammary gland of rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, Int J Cancer 118 (2006), 17.
60. C.M. Perou, T. Sørlie, M.B. Eisen, M. van de Rijns, S.S. Jeffrey, C.A. Rees, J.R. Pollack, D.T. Ross, H. Johnsen, L.A. Akslen, O. Fluge, A. Pergamenschikov, C. Williams, S.X. Zhu, P.E. Lønning, A.L. Borresen-Dale, P.O. Brown and D. Botstein, Molecular portraits of human breast tumours, Nature 406 (2000), 747.
61. J.A. Petrek, W.A. Sandberg, M.N. Cole, M.S. Silberman and D.C. Collins, The inhibitory effect of caffeine on hormone-induced rat breast cancer, Cancer 56 (1985), 1977.
62. M.C. Pike, D.V. Spicer, L. Dahmoush and M.F. Press, Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk, Epidemiol Rev 15 (1993), 17.
63. C. Qiu, L. Shan, M. Yu and E.G. Snyderwine, Deregulation of the cyclin D1/Cdk4 retinoblastoma pathway in rat mammary gland carcinomas induced by the food-derived carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine, Cancer Res 63 (2003), 5674.
64. C. Qiu, M. Yu, L. Shan and E.G. Snyderwine, Allelic imbalance and altered expression of genes in chromosome 2q11-2q16 from rat mammary gland carcinomas induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, Oncogene 22 (2003), 1253.
65. X. Quan, J.F. Laes, D. Stieber, M. Riviere, J. Russo, D. Wedekind, W. Coppieters, F. Farnir, M. Georges, J. Szpirer and C. Szpirer, Genetic identification of distinct loci controlling mammary tumor multiplicity, latency, and aggressiveness in the rat, Mamm Genome 17 (2006), 310.
66. S.J. Roberts-Thomson and E.G. Snyderwine, Effect of dietary fat on codon 12 and 13 Ha-ras gene mutations in 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine-induced rat mammary gland tumors, Mol Carcinog 20 (1997), 348.
67. T.C. Rothschild, E.S. Boylan, R.E. Calhoon and B.K. Vonderhaar, Transplacental effects of diethylstilbestrol on mammary development and tumorigenesis in female ACI rats, Cancer Res 47 (1987), 4508.
68. I.H. Russo, J. Medado and J. Russo, Endocrine Influences on the Mammary Gland, in: Integument and Mammary Glands, T.C. Jones, U. Mohr and R.D. Hunt, eds, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989, pp. 252-266.
69. I.H. Russo and J. Russo, Role of hormones in mammary cancer initiation and progression, J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 3 (1998), 49.
70. J. Russo, B.A. Gusterson, A.E. Rogers, I.H. Russo, S.R. Wellings and M.J. van Zwieten, Biology of Disease. Comparative study of human and rat mammary tumorigenesis, Lab Invest 62 (1990), 244.
71. J. Russo and I.H. Russo, The etiopathogenesis of breast cancer prevention, Cancer Lett 90 (1995), 81.
72. J. Russo and I.H. Russo, Experimentally induced mammary tumors in rats, Breast Cancer Res Treat 39 (1996), 7.
73. D.J. Samuelson, B.A. Aperavich, J.D. Haag and M.N. Gould, Fine mapping reveals multiple loci and a possible epistatic interaction within the mammary carcinoma susceptibility quantitative trait locus, Mcs5, Cancer Res 65 (2005), 9637.
74. D.J. Samuelson, J.D. Haag, H. Lan, D.M. Monson, M.A. Shultz, B.D. Kolman and M.N. Gould, Physical evidence of Mcs5, a QTL controlling mammary carcinoma susceptibility, in congenic rats, Carcinogenesis 24 (2003), 1455.
75. D.J. Samuelson, S.E. Hesselson, B.A. Aperavich, Y. Zan, J.D. Haag, A. Trentham-Dietz, J.M. Hampton, B. Mau, K.S. Chen, C. Baynes, K.T. Khaw, R. Luben, B. Perkins, M. Shah, P.D. Pharoah, A.M. Dunning, D.F. Easton, B.A. Ponder and M.N. Gould, Rat Mcs5a is a compound quantitative trait locus with orthologous human loci that associate with breast cancer risk, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2007).
76. R.J. Santen, A. Manni, H. Harvey and C. Redmond, Endocrine treatment of breast cancer in women, Endocrine Rev 11 (1990), 221.
77. B.S. Schaffer, C.M. Lachel, K.L. Pennington, C.R. Murrin, T.E. Strecker, M. Tochacek, K.A. Gould, J.L. Meza, R.D. McComb and J.D. Shull, Genetic bases of estrogen-induced tumorigenesis in the rat: Mapping of loci controlling susceptibility to mammary cancer in a Brown Norway x ACI intercross, Cancer Res 66 (2006), 7793.
78. C. Schairer, J. Lubin, R. Troisi, S. Sturgeon, L. Brinton and R. Hoover, Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk, J Amer Med Assoc 283 (2000), 485.
79. L. Shan, M. He, M. Yu, C. Qiu, N.H. Lee, E.T. Liu and E.G. Snyderwine, cDNA microarray profiling of rat mammary gland carcinomas induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, Carcinogenesis 23 (2002), 1561.
80. L. Shan, M. Yu and E.G. Snyderwine, Gene expression profiling o fchemically induced rat mammary gland cancer, Carcinogenesis 26 (2005), 503.
81. L. Shan, M. Yu and E.G. Snyderwine, Global gene expression profiling of chemically induced rat mammary gland carcinomas and adenomas, Toxicol Pathol 33 (2005), 768.
82. C.J. Shellabarger, B. McKnight, J.P. Stone and S. Holtzman, Mammary adenocarcinoma formation in female ACI rats, Cancer Res 40 (1980), 1808.
83. C.J. Shellabarger, J.P. Stone and S. Holtzman, Rat differences in mammary tumor induction with estrogen and neutron radiation, J Natl Cancer Insti 61 (1978), 1505.
84. L.A. Shepel, H. Lan, J.D. Haag, G.M. Brasic, M.E. Gheen, J.S. Simon, P. Hoff, M.A. Newton and M.N. Gould, Genetic identification of multiple loci that control breast cancer susceptibility in the rat, Genetics 149 (1998), 289.
85. K. Shirai, Y. Uemura, M. Fukumoto, T. Tsukamoto, R. Pascual, S. Nandi and A. Tsubura, Synergistic effect of MNU and DMBA in mammary carcinogenesis and H-ras activation in female Sprague-Dawley rats, Cancer Lett 120 (1997), 87.
86. J.D. Shull, Hormonal Carcinogenesis, in: Encyclopedia of Cancer, (Vol. 2), J.R. Bertino, ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2002, pp. 417-428.
87. J.D. Shull, K.L. Pennington, T.M. Reindl, M.C. Snyder, T.E. Strecker, T.J. Spady, M. Tochacek and R.D. McComb, Susceptibility to estrogen-induced mammary cancer segregates as an incompletely dominant phenotype in reciprocal crosses between the ACI and Copenhagen rat strains, Endocrinology 142 (2001), 5124.
88. J.D. Shull, T.J. Spady, M.C. Snyder, S.L. Johansson and K.L. Pennington, Ovary intact, but not ovariectomized female ACI rats treated with 17β-estradiol rapidly develop mammary carcinoma, Carcinogenesis 18 (1997), 1595.
89. E.G. Snyderwine, Mammary gland carcinogenesis by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in rats: Possible mechanisms, Cancer Lett 143 (1999), 211.
90. E.G. Snyderwine, Mammary gland carcinogenesis by food-derived heterocyclic amines: Metabolism and additional factors influencing carcinogenesis by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), Environ Mol Mutagen 39 (2002), 165.
91. E.G. Snyderwine, U.P. Thorgeirsson, M. Venugopal and S.J. Roberts-Thomson, Mammary gland carcinogenicity of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in Sprague-Dawley rats on high- and low-fat diets, Nutr Cancer 31 (1998), 160.
92. E.G. Snyderwine, M. Venugopal and M. Yu, Mammary gland carcinogenesis by food-derived heterocyclic amines and studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), Mutat Res 506-507 (2002), 145.
93. T. Sorlie, C.M. Perou, R. Tibshirani, T. Aas, S. Geisler, H. Johnsen, T. Hastie, M.B. Eisen, R.M. van de, S.S. Jeffrey, T. Thorsen, H. Quist, J.C. Matese, P.O. Brown, D. Botstein, L.P. Eystein and A.L. Borresen-Dale, Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 (2001), 10869.
94. T. Sorlie, R. Tibshirani, J. Parker, T. Hastie, J.S. Marron, A. Nobel, S. Deng, H. Johnsen, R. Pesich, S. Geisler, J. Demeter, C.M. Perou, P.E. Lonning, P.O. Brown, A.L. Borresen-Dale and D. Botstein, Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003), 8418.
95. C. Sotiriou, S.Y. Neo, L.M. McShane, E.L. Kom, P.M. Long, A. Jazaeri, P. Martiat, S.B. Fox, A.L. Harris and E.T. Liu, Breast cancer classification and prognosis based on gene expression profiles from a population-based study, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 (2003), 10393.
96. T.J. Spady, D.M.E. Harvell, A. Lemus-Wilson, T.E. Strecker, K.L. Pennington, E.A. Vander Woude, D.F. Birt, R.D. McComb and J.D. Shull, Modulation of estrogen action in the pituitary and mammary glands by dietary energy consumption, J Nutrition 129 (1999), 587S.
97. T.J. Spady, D.M.E. Harvell, M.C. Snyder, K.L. Pennington, R.D. McComb and J.D. Shull, Estrogen-induced tumorigenesis in the Copenhagen rat: disparate susceptibilities to development of prolactin-producing pituitary tumors and mammary carcinomas, Cancer Letters 124 (1998), 95.
98. J.L. Stanford and D.B. Thomas, Exogenous progestins and breast cancer, Epidemiol Rev 15 (1993), 98.
99. D. Stieber, G. Piessevaux, M. Riviere, J.F. Laes, X. Quan, J. Szpirer and C. Szpirer, Isolation of two regions on rat chromosomes 5 and 18 affecting mammary cancer susceptibility, Int J Cancer 120 (2007), 1678.
100. J.P. Stone, S. Holtzman and C.J. Shellabarger, Neoplastic responses and correlated plasma prolactin levels in diethylstilbestrol-treated ACI and Sprague-Dawley rats, Cancer Res 39 (1979), 773.
101. S. Sukumar, V. Notario, D. Martin-Zanca and M. Barbacid, Induction of mammary carcinomas in rats by nitrosomethylurea involves malignant activation of H-ras-1 locus by single point mutations, Nature 306 (1983), 658.
102. H.J. Thompson, J.N. McGinley, K. Rothhammer and M. Singh, Rapid induction of mammary intraductal proliferations, ductal carcinoma in situ and carcinomas by the injection of sexually immature female rats with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, Carcinogenesis 16 (1995), 2407.
103. H.J. Thompson and M. Singh, Rat models of premalignant breast disease, J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 5 (2000), 409.
104. M. Toyota, T. Ushijima, J.H. Weisburger, Y. Hosoya, F. Canzian, A. Rivenson, K. Imai, T. Sugimura and M. Nagao, Microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10 in rat mammary tumors induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, Mol Carcinogenesis 115 (1996), 176.
105. V.K. Turan, R.I. Sanchez, J.J. Li, S.A. Li, K.R. Reuhl, P.E. Thomas, A.H. Conney, M.A. Gallo, F.C. Kauffman and S. Mesia-Vela, The effects of steroidal estrogens in ACI rat mammary carcinogenesis: L7beta-estradiol, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 4-hydroxyestradiol, 16alpha-hydroxyestradiol, and 4-hydroxyestrone, J Endocrinol 183 (2004), 91.
106. N. Uehara, A. Unami, Y. Kiyozuka, N. Shikata, Y. Oishi and A. Tsubura, Parous mammary glands exhibit distinct alterations in gene expression and proliferation responsiveness to carcinogenic stimuli in Lewis rats, Oncol Rep 15 (2006), 903.
107. V. d.van, H. Dai, V. d.van, Y.D. He, A.A. Hart, M. Mao, H.L. Peterse, K.K. van der, M.J.Marton, A.T. Witteveen, G.J. Schreiber, R.M. Kerkhoven, C. Roberts, P.S. Linsley, R. Bernards and S.H. Friend, Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer, Nature 415 (2002), 530.
108. V. d.van, Y.D. He, L.J. van't Veer, H. Dai, A.A. Hart, D.W. Voskuil, G.J. Schreiber, J.L. Peterse, C. Roberts, M.J. Marton, M. Parrish, D. Atsma, A. Witteveen, A. Glas, L. Delahaye, V. d.van, H. Bartelink, S. Rodenhuis, E.T. Rutgers, S.H. Friend and R. Bernards, A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer, N Engl J Med 347 (2002), 1999.
109. V. Waldmann, B. Suchy and H.M. Rabes, Cell proliferation and prevalence of ras gene mutations in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumors, Res Exp Med (Berl) 193 (1993), 143.
110. M. West, C. Blanchette, H. Dressman, E. Huang, S. Ishida, R. Spang, H. Zuzan, J.A. Olson, Jr., J.R. Marks and J.R. Nevins, Predicting the clinical status of human breast cancer by using gene expression profiles, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 (2001), 11462.
111. J.D. Yager and N.E. Davidson, Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer, N Engl J Med 354 (2006), 270.
112. M. Yu, D.Y. Ryu and E.G. Snyderwine, Genomic imbalance in rat mammary gland carcinomas induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine, Mol Carcinog 27 (2000), 76.
113. M. Yu and E.G. Snyderwine, H-ras oncogene mutations during development of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-induced rat mammary gland cancer, Carcinogenesis 23 (2002), 2123.
114. H. Zarbl, S. Sukumar, A.V. Arthur, D. Martin-Zanca and M. Barbacid, Direct mutagenesis of Ha-ras-1 oncogenes by N-nitroso-N methylurea during initiation of mammary carcinogenesis in rats, Nature 315 (1985), 382.
115. R. Zhang, J.D. Haag and M.N. Gould, Site of expression and biological function ofthe rat mammary carcinoma suppressor gene, Carcinogenesis 11 (1989), 1765.
116. W. Zheng, D.R. Gustafson, R. Sinha, J.R. Cerhan, D. Moore, C.P. Hong, K.E. Anderson, L.H. Kushi, T.A. Sellers and A.R. Folsom, Well-done meat intake and the risk of breast cancer, J Natl Cancer Inst 90 (1998), 1724.