Central Nervous System Tissue in Meat Products: An Evaluation of Risk, Prevention Strategies, and Testing Procedures

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research

Volumn 53, Issue , 2007, Pages 39-64

  Bowling, M B ^a   Belk, K E ^a   Nightingale, K K ^a   Goodridge, L D ^a   Scanga, J A ^a   Sofos, J N ^a   Tatum, J D ^a   Smith, G C ^a  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CATTLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD HANDLING; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; MEAT; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SAFETY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SLAUGHTERHOUSE; STANDARD;

ABATTOIRS; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY; ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD HANDLING; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MEAT; MEAT PRODUCTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 34648857604     PISSN: 10434526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1043-4526(07)53002-0     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Agazzi M.E., Moreno J.B., von Holst C., Lucker E., and Anklam E. Performance comparison of two analytical methods for the detection of tissues of the central nervous system in sausages: Results of an interlaboratory study. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 215 (2002) 334-339
2. Agazzi M.E., Moreno J.B., von Holst C., Lucker E., and Anklam E. Quantitative analysis of tissues of the central nervous system in food products by GFAP-ELISA test kit. Results of an interlaboratory study. Food Control 15 (2004) 297-301
3. Anil M.H., Love S., Williams S., Shano A., Mckinstry J.L., Helps C.R., Waterman-Pearson A., Seghatchian J., and Harbour D.A. Potential contamination of beef carcasses with brain tissue at slaughter. Vet. Rec. 145 (1999) 460-462
4. Australia National Health Information System. National TSE Surveillance Program-cattle data. Accessed on 1/13/07 at (2007). http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/nahis/public.php?page = viewNTSEdata
5. Biedermann W., Lucker E., and Hensel A. Detection of central nervous system (CNS) as specified risk material (SRM) in meat products by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wschr. 115 (2002) 131-134
6. Biedermann W., Lucker E., Porschmann J., Lachaab S., Truyen U., and Hensel A. Structural characterization of some fatty acids from the brain as biomarkers of BSE risk material. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 379 (2004) 1031-1038
7. Bowling M.B., Yemm R.S., Belk K.E., Scanga J.A., Sofos J.N., and Smith G.C. An evaluation of central nervous system cross-contamination due to carcass splitting in commercial beef packing plants (2006), Center for Red Meat Safety, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Unpublished data.
8. Brown P., McShane L.M., Zanusso G., and Detwiler L. On the question of sporadic Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease. Emerging Infectious Disease 12 (2006) 1816-1821
9. DAFF Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra, Australia. Accessed on 2/18/07 at (2007). http://www.daff.gov.au/content/output.cfm?ObjectID = FA29A970-95A3-442E-9D7908A00B409A59
10. DeArmond S., and Prusiner S. Perspectives on prion biology, prion disease pathogenesis, and pharmacologic approaches to treatment. Clin. Lab. Med. 23 (2003) 1-41
11. Eng L.F., and Ghirnikar R.S. GFAP and Astrogliosis. Brain Pathol. 4 (1994) 229-237
12. Food Standards Agency. BSE controls explained: Main controls on beef production. Accessed on 1/13/07 at (2007). http://www.food.gov.uk/bse/what/beef/controls
13. Garland T., Bauer N., and Bailey Jr. M. Brain emboli in the lungs of cattle after stunning. Lancet 348 (1996) 610
14. Hajmeer M., Cliver D.A., and Provost R. Spinal cord tissue detection in comminuted beef: Comparison of two immunological methods. Meat Sci. 65 (2003) 757-763
15. Helps C.R., Hindell P., Hillman T.J., Fisher A.V., Anil H., Knight A.C., Whyte R.T., O'Neill D.H., Knowles T.G., and Harbour D.A. Contamination of beef carcasses by spinal cord tissue during splitting. Food Control 13 (2002) 417-423
16. Helps C.R., Fisher A.V., Harbour D.A., O'Neill D.H., and Knight A.C. Transfer of spinal cord material to subsequent bovine carcasses at splitting. J. Food Prot. 67 (2004) 1921-1926
17. Hill A.F., Desbruslais M., Joiner S., Sidle K.C., Gowland I., Collinge J., Doey L.J., and Lantos P. The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE. Nature 389 (1997) 448-450
18. Hossner K.L., Yemm R.S., Sonnenshein S.E., Mason G.L., Cummings B.A., Reddy M.C.S., Sofos J.N., Scanga J.A., Tatum J.D., Smith G.C., and Belk K.E. Comparison of immunochemical (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and immunohistochemical methods for the detection of central nervous system tissue in meat products. J. Food Prot. 69 (2006) 644-650
19. ILC International Livestock Congress. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. In. "Proceedings of the 2006 International Livestock Congress" Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2006) 7-10
20. Kato K., Ishiguro Y., Suzuki F., Ito A., and Semba R. Distribution of nervous system-specific forms of enolase in peripheral tissues. Brain Res. 237 (1982) 441-448
21. Kelley K.C., Hafner S., McCaskey P.C., Sutton M.T., and Langheinrich K.A. An evaluation of methods for the detection of spinal cord derived from advanced meat recovery systems. J. Food Prot. 63 (2000) 1107-1112
22. Lucker E., Eigenbrodt E., Wenisch S., Failing K., Leiser R., and Bulte M. Development of an integrated procedure for the detection of central nervous tissue in meat products using cholesterol and neuron-specific enolase as markers. J. Food Prot. 62 (1998) 268-276
23. Lucker E., Eigenbrodt E., Wenisch S., Leiser R., and Bulte M. Identification of central nervous system tissue in retail meat products. J. Food Prot. 63 (1999) 258-263
24. Lucker E., Horlacher S., and Eigenbrodt E. Brain in human nutrition and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk (vCJD): Detection of brain in retail liver sausages using cholesterol and neuron specific enolase. Br. J. Nutr. 86 (2001) S115-S119
25. Lucker E., Biedermann W., Lachhab S., Truyen U., and Hensel A. GC-MS detection of central nervous tissues as TSE risk material in meat products: Analytical quality and strategy. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 380 (2004) 866-870
26. MHLW Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Enforcement regulation for the law on special measures against Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy under jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Ordinance No. 110, Article 2. Tokyo, Japan. (2005)
27. Niederer M., and Bollhalder R. Identification of species-specific central nervous system tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-A possible method for supervision of meat products and cosmetics. Mitt. Lebansm. Hyg. 92 (2001) 133-144 . As reported by Biedermann et al. (2002). Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wschr. 15, 131-134
28. OIE World Animal Health Organization. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Terrestrial Animal Health Code: Article 2.3.13.1 (2006) Paris, France
29. OIE World Animal Health Organization. Surveillance for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Terrestrial Animal Health Code: Article 3.8.4 (2006) Paris, France
30. OIE World Animal Health Organization. Number of reported cases of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in farmed cattle worldwide. Accessed on 1/13/17 at (2007). http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_esbmonde.htm
31. Prendergast D.M., Sheridan J.J., Daly D.J., McDowell D.A., and Blair I.S. Dissemination of central nervous system tissue from the brain and spinal cord of cattle after captive bolt stunning and carcass splitting. Meat Sci. 65 (2003) 1201-1209
32. Reddy M.C.S., Hossner K.L., Belk K.E., Scanga J.A., Yemm R.S., Sofos J.N., and Smith G.C. Detection of central nervous system tissue on meat and carcass-splitting band saw blade surfaces using modified fluorescent glial fibrillary acidic protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sampling and extraction procedures. J. Food Prot. 69 (2006) 1966-1970
33. Rotterud O.J., Helps C.R., Hillman T.J., Fisher A.V., Harbour D., Anil H., and Nesbakken T. Hot boning of intact carcasses: A procedure to avoid central nervous system self-contamination in beef and beef products. J. Food Prot. 69 (2005) 405-411
34. Rovira P., Scanga J.A., Grandin T., Hossner K.L., Yemm R.S., Belk K.E., Tatum J.D., Sofos J.N., and Smith G.C. Central nervous system tissue contamination of the circulatory system following humane cattle stunning procedures. Food Prot. Trends. (2007) In Press
35. Schmidt G.R., Hossner K.L., Yemm R.S., Gould D.H., and O'Callaghan J.P. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glial fibrillary acidic protein as an indicator of the presence of brain or spinal cord in meat. J. Food Prot. 62 (1999) 394-397
36. Schmidt G.R., Yemm R.S., Childs K.D., O'Callaghan J.P., and Hossner K.L. The detection of central nervous system tissue on beef carcasses and in comminuted beef. J. Food Prot. 64 (2001) 2047-2052
37. Schmidt G.R., Yemm R.S., Childs K.D., O'Callaghan J.P., and Hossner K.L. Verification of different glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) analyses as accurate detectors of central nervous system tissue in advanced meat recovery (AMR) products. Meat Sci. 62 (2001) 79-84
38. Seyboldt C., John A., Mueffling T.V., Nowak B., and Wenzel S. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for species-specific detection of bovine central nervous system tissue in meat and meat products. J. Food Prot. 66 (2003) 644-651
39. Tersteeg M.H.G., Koolmees P.A., and van Knapen F. Immunohistochemical detection of brain tissue in heated meat products. Meat Sci. 61 (2002) 67-72
40. USDA-FSIS. Proposed rules: Meat produced by advanced meat/bone separation machinery and recovery systems. Federal Register 63 (1998) 1795-1796
41. USDA-FSIS. Prohibition of the use of specified risk materials for human food and requirements for the disposition of non-ambulatory disabled cattle; meat produced by advanced meat/bone separation machinery and meat recovery (AMR) systems; prohibition of the use of certain stunning devices used to slaughter; Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy surveillance program; interim final rules and notice. Federal Register 9 (2004) CFR 310.22
42. USDA. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ongoing surveillance plan. Accessed on 2/2/07 at (2006). http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/hot_issues/bse/downloads/BSE_ongoing_ surv_plan_final_71406%20.pdf
43. USDA. BSE test results. Accessed on 1/13/07 at (2006). http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse_testing/test_results.html
44. Wells G.A., Hopkins S.A., Green R.B., Austin A.R., Dexter I., Spencer Y.I., Chaplin M.J., Stack M.J., and Dawson M. Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): An update. Vet. Rec. 142 (1998) 103-106
45. Wells G.A.H., Scott A.C., Johnson C.T., Gunning R.F., Hancock R.D., Jeffrey M., Dawson M., and Bradley R. A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. Vet. Rec. 121 (1987) 419-420
46. Wenisch S., Lucker E., Eigenbrodt E., Leiser R., and Bulte M. Detection of central nervous tissue in meat products-An immunohistochemical approach. Nutr. Res. 19 (1999) 1165-1172