메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1457-1463

The impact of clean indoor air exemptions and preemption policies on the prevalence of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen among nonsmoking bar and restaurant workers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 (METHYLNITROSAMINO) 1 (3 PYRIDYL) 1 BUTANOL; 4 (METHYLNITROSAMINO) 1 (3 PYRIDYL) 1 BUTANONE; 4-(N-METHYL-N-NITROSAMINO)-1-(3-PYRIDYL)-1-BUTANONE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CARCINOGEN; NITROSAMINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 34548050856     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.094086     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 21244460046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses-United States, 1997-2001
    • Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses-United States, 1997-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:625-628.
    • (2005) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.54 , pp. 625-628
  • 2
    • 0642368629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental tobacco smoke and adult-onset asthma: A population-based incident case-control study
    • Jaakkola MS, Piipari R, Jaakkola N, Jaakkola JJ. Environmental tobacco smoke and adult-onset asthma: a population-based incident case-control study. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:2055-2060.
    • (2003) Am J Public Health , vol.93 , pp. 2055-2060
    • Jaakkola, M.S.1    Piipari, R.2    Jaakkola, N.3    Jaakkola, J.J.4
  • 3
    • 0035885229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Lifetime residential and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in never-smoking women, Canada 1994-97
    • Johnson KC, Hu J, Mao Y, Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Lifetime residential and workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in never-smoking women, Canada 1994-97. Int J Cancer. 2001;93:902-906.
    • (2001) Int J Cancer , vol.93 , pp. 902-906
    • Johnson, K.C.1    Hu, J.2    Mao, Y.3
  • 4
    • 40749139591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders: The Report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 1993. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph no. 4. NIH publication 93-3605.
    • Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders: The Report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 1993. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph no. 4. NIH publication 93-3605.
  • 5
    • 40749096148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke:, Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 1999. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph no. 10. NIH publication 99-4645
    • Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: The Report of the California Environmental Protection Agency. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 1999. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph no. 10. NIH publication 99-4645.
    • The Report of the California Environmental Protection Agency
  • 6
    • 29544441064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, Calif: Air Resources Board, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment;, Available at:, Accessed April 4, 2006
    • California Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant. Sacramento, Calif: Air Resources Board, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment; 2005. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/ets2006/ets2006.htm. Accessed April 4, 2006.
    • (2005) Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant
  • 7
    • 77956724517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke
    • Atlanta, Ga: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health;
    • The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: a Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2006.
    • (2006) a Report of the Surgeon General
  • 8
    • 0027161907 scopus 로고
    • Involuntary smoking in the restaurant workplace. A review of employee exposure and health effects
    • Siegel M. Involuntary smoking in the restaurant workplace. A review of employee exposure and health effects. JAMA. 1993;270:490-493.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 490-493
    • Siegel, M.1
  • 9
    • 0033374929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthma in adults
    • Weiss ST, Utell MJ, Samet JM. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and asthma in adults. Environ Health Perspect. 1999;107(suppl 6):891-895.
    • (1999) Environ Health Perspect , vol.107 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 891-895
    • Weiss, S.T.1    Utell, M.J.2    Samet, J.M.3
  • 10
    • 0031850108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer from passive smoking at work
    • Wells AJ. Lung cancer from passive smoking at work. Am J Public Health. 1998;88:1025-1029.
    • (1998) Am J Public Health , vol.88 , pp. 1025-1029
    • Wells, A.J.1
  • 11
    • 0031931362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease from passive smoking in the workplace
    • Wells AJ. Heart disease from passive smoking in the workplace. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:1-9.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 1-9
    • Wells, A.J.1
  • 14
    • 0033182591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of workplace smoking bans: Results from a national survey
    • Farrelly MC, Evans WN, Sfekas AE. The impact of workplace smoking bans: results from a national survey. Tob Control. 1999;8:272-277.
    • (1999) Tob Control , vol.8 , pp. 272-277
    • Farrelly, M.C.1    Evans, W.N.2    Sfekas, A.E.3
  • 15
    • 0030860555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term economic and health benefits of smoking cessation: Myocardial infarction and stroke
    • Lightwood JM, Glantz SA. Short-term economic and health benefits of smoking cessation: myocardial infarction and stroke. Circulation. 1997;96:1089-1096.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 1089-1096
    • Lightwood, J.M.1    Glantz, S.A.2
  • 16
    • 79960469917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population Based Smoking Cessation: Proceedings of a Conference on What Works to Influence Cessation in the General Population
    • Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute;, NIH publication 00-4892
    • Population Based Smoking Cessation: Proceedings of a Conference on What Works to Influence Cessation in the General Population. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 2000. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph no. 12. NIH publication 00-4892.
    • (2000) Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph , vol.12
  • 17
    • 0035259549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: A summary of selected guidelines
    • Hopkins DP, Husten CG, Fielding JE, Rosenquist JN, Westphal LL. Evidence reviews and recommendations on interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: a summary of selected guidelines. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20(suppl 2):67-87.
    • (2001) Am J Prev Med , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 67-87
    • Hopkins, D.P.1    Husten, C.G.2    Fielding, J.E.3    Rosenquist, J.N.4    Westphal, L.L.5
  • 18
    • 40749134288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights. States and Municipalities With 100% Smokefree Laws in Workplaces, Restaurants, or Bars [Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights Web site]. 2006. Available at: http://www.no-smoke.org/pdf/100ordlist. pdf. Accessed May 3, 2006.
    • Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights. States and Municipalities With 100% Smokefree Laws in Workplaces, Restaurants, or Bars [Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights Web site]. 2006. Available at: http://www.no-smoke.org/pdf/100ordlist. pdf. Accessed May 3, 2006.
  • 20
    • 4143138227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to secondhand smoke and excess lung cancer mortality risk among workers in the "5 B's": Bars, bowling alleys, billiard halls, betting establishments, and bingo parlours
    • Siegel M, Skeer M. Exposure to secondhand smoke and excess lung cancer mortality risk among workers in the "5 B's": bars, bowling alleys, billiard halls, betting establishments, and bingo parlours. Tob Control. 2003;12:333-338.
    • (2003) Tob Control , vol.12 , pp. 333-338
    • Siegel, M.1    Skeer, M.2
  • 23
    • 33751540255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing Tobacco Use
    • Atlanta, Ga: US National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health;, Available at:, Accessed May 9
    • Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: US National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2000. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/ data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2000/index. htm. Accessed May 9, 2007.
    • (2000) A Report of the Surgeon General
  • 24
    • 40749128606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:, Accessed April 4, 2006
    • Hobart R. Preemption: Taking the Local Out of Tobacco Control. American Medical Association; 2003. Available at: http://www.smokelessstates. org/downloads/2003_Preemption.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2006.
    • (2003) Preemption: Taking the Local Out of Tobacco Control
    • Hobart, R.1
  • 25
    • 0030870652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preemption in tobacco control. Review of an emerging public health problem
    • Siegel M, Carol J, Jordan J, et al. Preemption in tobacco control. Review of an emerging public health problem. JAMA. 1997;278:858-863.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 858-863
    • Siegel, M.1    Carol, J.2    Jordan, J.3
  • 26
    • 34247234836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State and Local Action to Reduce Tobacco Use
    • Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute;, NIH publication 00-4804
    • State and Local Action to Reduce Tobacco Use. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 2000. Smokingx and Tobacco Control Monograph no. 11. NIH publication 00-4804.
    • (2000) Smokingx and Tobacco Control Monograph , vol.11
  • 27
    • 40749127315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crawford VL. Cancer converts tobacco lobbyist: Victor L. Crawford goes on the record. Interview by Andrew A. Skolnick. JAMA. 1995;274:199-200, 202.
    • Crawford VL. Cancer converts tobacco lobbyist: Victor L. Crawford goes on the record. Interview by Andrew A. Skolnick. JAMA. 1995;274:199-200, 202.
  • 28
    • 40749085778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walls T. CAC Presentation Number 4 Tina Walls - Introduction. University of California LTDL, ed. 2002. Phillip Morris. Bates no. 2041183751/3790. Available at: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vnf77e00. Accessed March 11, 2004.
    • Walls T. CAC Presentation Number 4 Tina Walls - Introduction. University of California LTDL, ed. 2002. Phillip Morris. Bates no. 2041183751/3790. Available at: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vnf77e00. Accessed March 11, 2004.
  • 30
    • 14844304379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preemptive state smoke-free indoor air laws - United States, 1999-2004
    • Preemptive state smoke-free indoor air laws - United States, 1999-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:250-253.
    • (2005) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.54 , pp. 250-253
  • 31
    • 0003795238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health;
    • Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Program. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health; 1999.
    • (1999) Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Program
  • 32
    • 0027522682 scopus 로고
    • Metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in smokers' urine
    • Carmella S, Akerkar S, Hecht SS. Metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in smokers' urine. Cancer Res. 1993;53:721-724.
    • (1993) Cancer Res , vol.53 , pp. 721-724
    • Carmella, S.1    Akerkar, S.2    Hecht, S.S.3
  • 33
    • 0023898409 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke
    • Hecht SS, Hoffmann D. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis. 1988;9:875-884.
    • (1988) Carcinogenesis , vol.9 , pp. 875-884
    • Hecht, S.S.1    Hoffmann, D.2
  • 34
    • 0031831381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines
    • Hecht SS. Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. Chemical Res Toxicology. 1998;11:559-603.
    • (1998) Chemical Res Toxicology , vol.11 , pp. 559-603
    • Hecht, S.S.1
  • 35
    • 0033591845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer
    • Hecht SS. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:1194-1210.
    • (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.91 , pp. 1194-1210
    • Hecht, S.S.1
  • 36
    • 0020663028 scopus 로고
    • Comparative carcinogenicity in A/J mice and metabolism by cultured mouse peripheral lung of N′- nitrosonornicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and their analogues
    • Castonguay A, Lin D, Stoner GD, et al. Comparative carcinogenicity in A/J mice and metabolism by cultured mouse peripheral lung of N′- nitrosonornicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, and their analogues. Cancer Res. 1983;43:1223-1229.
    • (1983) Cancer Res , vol.43 , pp. 1223-1229
    • Castonguay, A.1    Lin, D.2    Stoner, G.D.3
  • 37
    • 0024262907 scopus 로고
    • Induction of lung and exocrine pancreas tumors in F344 rats by tobacco-specific and Areca-derived N-nitrosamines
    • Rivenson A, Hoffmann D, Prokopczyk B, Amin S, Hecht SS. Induction of lung and exocrine pancreas tumors in F344 rats by tobacco-specific and Areca-derived N-nitrosamines. Cancer Res. 1988;48:6912-6917.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 6912-6917
    • Rivenson, A.1    Hoffmann, D.2    Prokopczyk, B.3    Amin, S.4    Hecht, S.S.5
  • 38
    • 0035819824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke
    • Anderson KE, Carmella SG, Ye M, et al. Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:378-381.
    • (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.93 , pp. 378-381
    • Anderson, K.E.1    Carmella, S.G.2    Ye, M.3
  • 39
    • 0029880858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological significance of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines: Smoking and adenocarcinoma of the lung
    • Hoffmann D, Rivenson A, Hecht SS. The biological significance of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines: smoking and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1996;26:199-211.
    • (1996) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.26 , pp. 199-211
    • Hoffmann, D.1    Rivenson, A.2    Hecht, S.S.3
  • 40
    • 0036313209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: Biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer
    • Hecht SS. Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23:907-922.
    • (2002) Carcinogenesis , vol.23 , pp. 907-922
    • Hecht, S.S.1
  • 41
    • 0035170583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in the urine of elementary school-aged children
    • Hecht SS, Ye M, Carmella SG, et al. Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in the urine of elementary school-aged children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10:1109-1116.
    • (2001) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.10 , pp. 1109-1116
    • Hecht, S.S.1    Ye, M.2    Carmella, S.G.3
  • 43
    • 9144254084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking casino patrons
    • Anderson KE, Kliris J, Murphy L, et al. Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking casino patrons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:1544-1546.
    • (2003) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.12 , pp. 1544-1546
    • Anderson, K.E.1    Kliris, J.2    Murphy, L.3
  • 44
    • 0031948080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metabolite of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone in the urine of hospital workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke
    • Parsons W, Carmella SG, Akerkar S, Bonilla L, Hecht SS. A metabolite of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone in the urine of hospital workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998;7:257-260.
    • (1998) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.7 , pp. 257-260
    • Parsons, W.1    Carmella, S.G.2    Akerkar, S.3    Bonilla, L.4    Hecht, S.S.5
  • 45
    • 18544382063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking hospitality workers
    • Tulunay OE, Hecht SS, Carmella SG, et al. Urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking hospitality workers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1283-1286.
    • (2005) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.14 , pp. 1283-1286
    • Tulunay, O.E.1    Hecht, S.S.2    Carmella, S.G.3
  • 47
    • 0030880002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in the hair of hospitality workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke
    • Dimich-Ward H, Gee H, Brauer M, Leung V. Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in the hair of hospitality workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39:946-948.
    • (1997) J Occup Environ Med , vol.39 , pp. 946-948
    • Dimich-Ward, H.1    Gee, H.2    Brauer, M.3    Leung, V.4
  • 48
    • 0028316079 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the relationship between self-report and biochemical measures of environmental tobacco smoke exposure
    • Emmons KM, Abrams DB, Marshall R, et al. An evaluation of the relationship between self-report and biochemical measures of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Prev Med. 1994;23:35-39.
    • (1994) Prev Med , vol.23 , pp. 35-39
    • Emmons, K.M.1    Abrams, D.B.2    Marshall, R.3
  • 49
    • 0026522148 scopus 로고
    • Restrictive workplace smoking policies: Impact on nonsmokers' tobacco exposure
    • Marcus BH, Emmons KM, Abrams DB, et al. Restrictive workplace smoking policies: impact on nonsmokers' tobacco exposure. J Public Health Policy. 1992;13:42-51.
    • (1992) J Public Health Policy , vol.13 , pp. 42-51
    • Marcus, B.H.1    Emmons, K.M.2    Abrams, D.B.3
  • 50
    • 0029988316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991
    • Pirkle JL, Flegal KM, Bernert JT, Brody DJ, Etzel RA, Maurer KR. Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991. JAMA. 1996;275:1233-1240.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1233-1240
    • Pirkle, J.L.1    Flegal, K.M.2    Bernert, J.T.3    Brody, D.J.4    Etzel, R.A.5    Maurer, K.R.6
  • 51
    • 0033082421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation
    • Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen M, et al. Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation. Cancer Res. 1999;59:590-596.
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , pp. 590-596
    • Hecht, S.S.1    Carmella, S.G.2    Chen, M.3
  • 53
    • 31644433074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of tobacco use and secondhand smoke on hospitality workers
    • viii
    • Siegel M, Barbeau EM, Osinubi OY. The impact of tobacco use and secondhand smoke on hospitality workers. Clin Occup Environ Med. 2006;5:31-42, viii.
    • (2006) Clin Occup Environ Med , vol.5 , pp. 31-42
    • Siegel, M.1    Barbeau, E.M.2    Osinubi, O.Y.3
  • 54
    • 2942746477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ong MK, Glantz SA. Cardiovascular health and economic effects of smoke-free workplaces [published correction appears in Am J Med. 2005;118: 933]. Am J Med. 2004;117:32-38.
    • Ong MK, Glantz SA. Cardiovascular health and economic effects of smoke-free workplaces [published correction appears in Am J Med. 2005;118: 933]. Am J Med. 2004;117:32-38.
  • 55
    • 0003750767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:, Accessed March 9, 2006
    • US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Current Population Survey, 2004. 2006. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/cps. Accessed March 9, 2006.
    • (2004) Current Population Survey , pp. 2006
  • 56
    • 0030499698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure
    • Benowitz NL. Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Epidemiol Rev. 1996;18:188-204.
    • (1996) Epidemiol Rev , vol.18 , pp. 188-204
    • Benowitz, N.L.1
  • 58
    • 0032501349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bartenders' respiratory health after establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns
    • Eisner MD, Smith AK, Blanc PD. Bartenders' respiratory health after establishment of smoke-free bars and taverns. JAMA. 1998;280:1909-1914.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1909-1914
    • Eisner, M.D.1    Smith, A.K.2    Blanc, P.D.3
  • 59
    • 23744431602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in hospitality workers' exposure to secondhand smoke following the implementation of New York's smoke-free law
    • Farrelly MC, Nonnemaker JM, Chou R, Hyland A, Peterson KK, Bauer UE. Changes in hospitality workers' exposure to secondhand smoke following the implementation of New York's smoke-free law. Tob Control. 2005;14:236-241.
    • (2005) Tob Control , vol.14 , pp. 236-241
    • Farrelly, M.C.1    Nonnemaker, J.M.2    Chou, R.3    Hyland, A.4    Peterson, K.K.5    Bauer, U.E.6
  • 61
    • 7744232920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor air quality in hospitality venues before and after implementation of a clean indoor air law-Western New York, 2003
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Indoor air quality in hospitality venues before and after implementation of a clean indoor air law-Western New York, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:1038-1041.
    • (2004) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.53 , pp. 1038-1041
  • 62
    • 33749626549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and markers of inflammation among bar workers before and after a legislative ban on smoking in public places
    • Menzies D, Nair A, Williamson PA, et al. Respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and markers of inflammation among bar workers before and after a legislative ban on smoking in public places. JAMA. 2006;296:1742-1748.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1742-1748
    • Menzies, D.1    Nair, A.2    Williamson, P.A.3
  • 63
    • 7544223655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokefree ordinances increase restaurant profit and values
    • Alamar B, Glantz S. Smokefree ordinances increase restaurant profit and values. Contemp Econ Policy. 2004;22:520-525.
    • (2004) Contemp Econ Policy , vol.22 , pp. 520-525
    • Alamar, B.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 64
    • 0032611295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic effect of smoke-free restaurant policies on restaurant business in Massachusetts
    • Bartosch WJ, Pope GC. The economic effect of smoke-free restaurant policies on restaurant business in Massachusetts. J Public Health Manag Pract. 1999;5:53-62.
    • (1999) J Public Health Manag Pract , vol.5 , pp. 53-62
    • Bartosch, W.J.1    Pope, G.C.2
  • 65
    • 0029647981 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the impact of a 100% smoke-free ordinance on restaurant sales-West Lake Hills, Texas, 1992-1994
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assessment of the impact of a 100% smoke-free ordinance on restaurant sales-West Lake Hills, Texas, 1992-1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995;44:370-372.
    • (1995) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.44 , pp. 370-372
  • 66
    • 1442329688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a smoking ban on restaurant and bar revenues-El Paso, Texas, 2002
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Impact of a smoking ban on restaurant and bar revenues-El Paso, Texas, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:150-152.
    • (2004) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.53 , pp. 150-152
  • 67
    • 29544434633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke-free laws and bar revenues in California - the last call
    • Cowling DW, Bond P. Smoke-free laws and bar revenues in California - the last call. Health Econ. 2005;14:1273-1281.
    • (2005) Health Econ , vol.14 , pp. 1273-1281
    • Cowling, D.W.1    Bond, P.2
  • 68
    • 84944189149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke-free restaurant ordinances do not affect restaurant business. Period
    • Glantz SA. Smoke-free restaurant ordinances do not affect restaurant business. Period. J Public Health Manag Pract. 1999;5:vi-ix.
    • (1999) J Public Health Manag Pract , vol.5
    • Glantz, S.A.1
  • 69
    • 0033606267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and hotel revenues before and after passage of smoke-free restaurant ordinances
    • Glantz SA, Charlesworth A. Tourism and hotel revenues before and after passage of smoke-free restaurant ordinances. JAMA. 1999;281:1911-1918.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1911-1918
    • Glantz, S.A.1    Charlesworth, A.2
  • 70
    • 0030714057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ordinances requiring smoke-free restaurants and bars on revenues: A follow-up
    • Glantz SA, Smith LR. The effect of ordinances requiring smoke-free restaurants and bars on revenues: a follow-up. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:1687-1693.
    • (1997) Am J Public Health , vol.87 , pp. 1687-1693
    • Glantz, S.A.1    Smith, L.R.2
  • 71
    • 0032609826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restaurant employment before and after the New York City Smoke-Free Air Act
    • Hyland A, Cummings KM. Restaurant employment before and after the New York City Smoke-Free Air Act. J Public Health Manag Pract. 1999;5:22-27.
    • (1999) J Public Health Manag Pract , vol.5 , pp. 22-27
    • Hyland, A.1    Cummings, K.M.2
  • 72
    • 0032602013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of taxable sales receipts: Was New York City's Smoke-Free Air Act bad for restaurant business?
    • Hyland A, Cummings KM, Nauenberg E. Analysis of taxable sales receipts: was New York City's Smoke-Free Air Act bad for restaurant business? J Public Health Manag Pract. 1999;5:14-21.
    • (1999) J Public Health Manag Pract , vol.5 , pp. 14-21
    • Hyland, A.1    Cummings, K.M.2    Nauenberg, E.3
  • 73
    • 7644229990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the Clean Air Act of Erie County, New York on restaurant employment
    • Hyland A, Vena C, Cummings KM, Lubin A. The effect of the Clean Air Act of Erie County, New York on restaurant employment. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2000;6:76-85.
    • (2000) J Public Health Manag Pract , vol.6 , pp. 76-85
    • Hyland, A.1    Vena, C.2    Cummings, K.M.3    Lubin, A.4
  • 74
    • 0032410861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prohibiting smoking in restaurants: Effects on restaurant sales
    • Sciacca JP, Ratliff MI. Prohibiting smoking in restaurants: effects on restaurant sales. Am J Health Promot. 1998;12:176-184.
    • (1998) Am J Health Promot , vol.12 , pp. 176-184
    • Sciacca, J.P.1    Ratliff, M.I.2
  • 75
    • 0142106081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the quality of studies on the economic effects of smoke-free policies on the hospitality industry
    • Scollo M, Lal A, Hyland A, Glantz S. Review of the quality of studies on the economic effects of smoke-free policies on the hospitality industry. Tob Control. 2003;12:13-20.
    • (2003) Tob Control , vol.12 , pp. 13-20
    • Scollo, M.1    Lal, A.2    Hyland, A.3    Glantz, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.