Magnetic resonance imaging safety issues including an analysis of recorded incidents within the UK

Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 37-48

  De Wilde, J P ^a   Grainger, D ^b   Price, D L ^c   Renaud, C ^c  

^a HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b MEDICINES AND HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS REGULATORY AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

^c IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Burns; Exposure; Heating; Incidents; Magnetic resonance imaging; MR; MRI; Occupational; Projectiles; Safety

Indexed keywords

HEALTH RISKS; HEATING; MEDICAL IMAGING; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; SAFETY FACTOR; STANDARDS;

BURNS; EXPOSURE; INCIDENTS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE INCIDENTS;

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

EID: 34249314398     PISSN: 00796565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2007.01.003     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004.
2. World Health Organisation, Static Fields Environmental Health Criteria Monograph No.232, (2006), WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue, Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
3. Silva A.K.A., Silva E.L., Egito E.S.T., and Carrico A.S. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 45 (2006) 245
4. Takahashi M., Uematsu H., and Hatabu H. Eur. J. Radiol. 46 (2003) 45
5. Scarabino T., Nemore F., Giannatempo G.M., Bertolino A., Di Salle F., and Salvolini U. Eur. J. Radiol. 48 (2003) 154
6. Uematsu H., Takahashi M., Dougherty L., and Hatabu H. Clin. Imag. 28 (2004) 159
7. ICNIRP, Health Phys., 87 (2004), 197.
8. Kanal E., Borgstede J.P., Barkovich A.J., Bell C., Bradley W.G., Felmlee J.P., Froelich J.W., Kaminski E.M., Keeler E.K., Lester J.W., Scoumis E.A., Zaremba L.A., and Zinninger M.D. Am. J. Roentgenol. 178 (2002) 1335
9. Kanal E., Borgstede J.P., Barkovich A.J., Bell C., Bradley W.G., Etheridge S., Felmlee J.P., Froelich J.W., Hayden J., Kaminski E.M., Lester J.W., Scoumis E.A., Zaremba L.A., and Zinninger M.D. Am. J. Roentgenol. 182 (2004) 1111
10. ICNIRP, Health Phys., 66 (1994), 100.
11. ICNIRP, Health Phys., 74 (1998), 494.
12. NRPB, Documents of the NRPB, vol. 15, No. 2, 2004, Headquarters, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 ORQ.
13. Gowland P.A. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 175
14. Miyakoshi J. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 213
15. Schenck J.F. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 185
16. Chakeres D.W., and De Vocht F. Prog. Biophys,. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 255
17. Saunders R. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 225
18. Feychting M. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 241
19. Schenck J.F. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12 (2000) 2
20. Schenck J.F. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 649 (1992) 285
21. Chakeres D.W., Kangarlu A., Boudoulas H., and Young D.C. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 18 (2003) 346
22. Liu F., Zhao H.W., and Crozier S. J. Magn. Reson. 161 (2003) 99
23. Crozier S., and Liu F. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 267
24. Chakeres D.W., Bornstein R., and Kangarlu A. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 18 (2003) 342
25. De Vocht F., van-Wendel-de-Joode B., Engels H., and Kromhout H. Magn. Reson. Med. (2003) 670
26. Chakeres D.W., and De Vocht F. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 255
27. De Vocht F., Stevens T., van Wendel-de-Joode B., Engels H., and Kromhout H. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 23 (2006) 291
28. De Vocht F., van Drooge H., Engels H., and Kromhout H. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 23 (2006) 197
29. Colletti P.M. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 19 (2004) 141
30. Leeson-Payne C.G., Towell T., and Englishby V.L. Anesthesia 51 (1996) 1081
31. Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience. Rockville (MD): U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Report no. 8010042-1998-00053. 1998 Jul 1.
32. Guidelines for magnetic resonance equipment in clinical use, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), December 2002, 10-2 Market Towers, 1 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW8 5.
33. S. Thomas, E. Kanal, American Society of Neuroradiology, 43rd Annual Meeting; Toronto, 21-27 May 2005; Presentation No. 278.
34. ASTM F2503-05, "Standard Practice for Marking Medical Devices and Other Items for Safety in the Magnetic Resonance Environment", ASTM International.
35. Baker K.B., Nyenhuis J.A., Hrdlicka G., Rezai A.R., Tkach J.A., and Shellock F.G. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 21 (2005) 72
36. F.G. Shellock, Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Implants, and devices: 2006 Edition, Biomedical Research Publishing Group, pp. 136-343.
37. Hushek S.G., Russell L., Moser R.F., Hoerter N.M., Moriarty T.M., and Shields C.B. Acad. Radiol. 12 (2005) 1143
38. Shellock F.G. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 13 (2001) 152
39. Edwards M.-B., Taylor K.M., and Shellock F.G. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12 (2000) 363
40. Shellock F.G., and Shellock V.J. Radiology 207 (1998) 822
41. Muller-Bierl B., Graf H., Steidle G., and Schick F. Med. Phys. 32 (2005) 76
42. Port J.D., and Pomper M.G. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 24 (2000) 958
43. Reichenbach J.R., Venkatesan R., Yablonskiy D.A., Thompson M.R., Lai S., and Haacke E.M. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 7 (1997) 266
44. Frahm C., Gehl H.B., Melchert U.H., and Weiss H.D. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 19 (1996) 335
45. Lufkin R.B., Gronemeyer D.H., and Seibel R.M. Eur. Radiol. 7 (1997) 187
46. Shellock F.G. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12 (2000) 30
47. Bottomley P.A., and Andrew E.R. Phys. Med. Biol. 23 (1978) 630
48. Hoult D.I. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12 (2000) 46
49. International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 60601-2-33 Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis, second edition (2002), Geneva.
50. Adair E.R., and Berglund L.G. Magn. Reson. Imaging 4 (1986) 321
51. Shellock F.G., Schaefer D.J., and Crues J.V. Brit. J. Radiol. 62 (1989) 904
52. Collins C.M., Liu W., Wang J., Gruetter R., Vaughan J.T., Ugurbil K., and Smith M.B. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 19 (2004) 650
53. W. Liu, C.M. Collins, M.B. Smith, Proc. 11th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Toronto, Canada, 2003.
54. Hand J.W., Li Y., Thomas E.L., Rutherford M.A., and Hajnal J.V. Magn. Reson. Med. 55 (2006) 883
55. D.G. Wu, S. Shamsi, J. Chen, R. Liu, W. Kainz, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. Accepted for publication.
56. De Wilde J.P., Rivers A.W., and Price D.L. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 87 (2005) 335
57. Knopp M.V., Essig M., Debus J., Zabel H.J., and van Kaick G. Radiology 200 (1996) 572
58. D.J. Schaefer, International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Safety Workshop: Update, Practical Information and Future Trends, Washington, USA, 5-6 November 2005.
59. F.G. Shellock, International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Safety Workshop: Update, Practical Information and Future Trends, Washington, USA, 5-6 November 2005.
60. Dempsey M.F., Condon B., and Hadley D.M. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 13 (2001) 627
61. Nitz W.R., Brinker G., Diehl D., and Frese G. Invest. Radiol. 40 (2005) 773
62. Schaefer D.J., Bourland J.D., and Nyenhuis J.A. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12 (2000) 20
63. J.A. Nyenhuis, R. Kamondetdacha, International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Safety Workshop: Update, Practical Information and Future Trends, Washington, USA 2005.
64. Shellock F.G., and Crues J.V. Radiology 232 (2004) 635
65. Graf H., Lauer U.A., and Schick F. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 23 (2006) 585
66. Keevil S.F., Gedroyc W., Gowland P., Hill D.L.G., Leach M.O., Ludman C.N., McLeish K., McRobbie D.W., Razavi R.S., and Young I.R. Brit. J. Radiol. 78 (2005) 973
67. McJury M., and Shellock F.G. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12 (2000) 37
68. Edelstein W.A., Hedeen R.A., Mallozzi R.P., El-Hamamsy S.A., Ackermann R.A., and Havens T.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 20 (2002) 155
69. Katsunuma A., Takamori H., Sakakura Y., Hamamura Y., Ogo Y., and Katayama R. Magn. Reson. Mater. Phy. 13 (2002) 139
70. Price D.L., Wilde J.P.D., Papadaki A.M., Curran J.S., and Kitney R.I. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 13 (2001) 288
71. D.L. Price, J.P. De Wilde, J.A. Williams, I. Delakis, C. Renaud, Proc. ISMRM Safety Workshop, Munich, Germany 2003.
72. Hedeen R.A., and Edelstein W.A. Magn. Reson. Med. 37 (1997) 7
73. Hennel F., Girard F., and Loenneker T. Magnet. Reson. Med. 42 (1999) 6
74. D.L. Price, J. De Wilde, D.W. McRobbie, Proc. ESMRMB 2004, Copenhagen, Denmark.
75. Moelker A., Maas R.A.J.J., Lethimonnier F., and Pattynama P.M.T. Radiology 224 (2002) 889
76. Chapman B.L.W., Haywood B., and Mansfield P. Magn. Reson. Med. 50 (2003) 931
77. J.P. De Wilde, D.L. Price, J.W. Williams, I. Delakis, C. Renaud. Siemens MAGNETOM Avanto 1.5 T MHRA 04133 (Department of Health, 2004) pp. 28-29.
78. D.L. Price, I. Delakis, C. Renaud, 1.5 T MRI Systems 06005 (PASA 2005), pp. 94-95.
79. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Device Bulletin DB 2005(01), 10-2 Market Towers, 1 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW8 5.
80. MEDDEV 2.12-1 rev 4, European Commission, DG Enterprise, Directorate G, Unit 4 - Pressure Equipment, Medical Devices, Metrology.
81. MagNET Team, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, private correspondence 2005.
82. http://www.performance.doh.gov.uk/hospitalactivity/data_ requests/imaging_and_radiodiagnostics.htm, accessed 2006.
83. MRC Code of practice for Use with Small Scale Liquid Nitrogen Operation, November 2001, http://extra.mrc.ac.uk/HSS/liquid_nitrogen_intro.htm accessed 2007.
84. MHRA. MDA/2003/014 Static MRI scanners with quench vent pipe. Issued: 09 May 2003.
85. WHO, Handbook on 'Establishing a Dialogue on Risks from Electromagnetic Fields'. ISBN 92 4 154571 2, Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.