Specific absorption rate as a poor indicator of magnetic resonance-related implant heating

Investigative Radiology

Volumn 40, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 773-776

  Nitz, Wolfgang R ^a,b   Brinker, Gerd ^a   Diehl, Dirk ^a   Frese, Georg ^a  

^a SIEMENS AG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cardiac pacemaker; Deep brain stimulation; Implants; Magnetic resonance imaging; MRI; Neurostimulator; Pacemaker leads; Safety; Specific absorption rate

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; HEATING; HUMAN; IMPLANT; NERVE STIMULATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SAFETY; SINUS NODE; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION;

EID: 28044440085     PISSN: 00209996     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.rli.0000185898.59140.91     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Runge VM. Safety of approved contrast media for intravenous injection. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;12:205-213.
2. Schenck JF. Safety of strong, static magnetic fields. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;12:2-19.
3. Den Boer JA, Bourland JD, Nyenhuis JA, et al. Comparison of the threshold for peripheral nerve stimulation during gradient switching in whole body MR systems. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;15:520-525.
4. Grandolfo M, Polichetti A, Vecchia P, et al. Spatial distribution of RF power in critical organs during magnetic resonance imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;649:176-187.
5. Shellock FG. Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Implants, and Devices. Los Angeles: Biomedical Research Publishing Group; 2005.
6. Zimmermann BH, Faul DD. Artifacts and hazards in NMR imaging due to metal implants and cardiac pacemakers. Diagn Imaging Clin Med. 1984;53:53-56.
7. Price RP. The AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: MR imaging safety considerations. Radiographics. 1999;19:1641-1651.
8. Shellock FG. Magnetic Resonance Procedure: Health Effects, Safety, and Patient Management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC; 2001.
9. Loewy J, Loewy A, Kendall EJ. Reconsideration of pacemakers and MR imaging. Radiographics. 2004;24:1257-1268.
10. Sommer T, Vahlhaus C, Lauck G, et al. MR imaging and cardiac pacemaker: in vitro evaluation and in vivo studies in 51 patients at 0.5 T. Radiology. 2000;215:869-879.
11. Martin ET, Coman JA, Shellock FG, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac pacemaker safety at 1.5 T. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1315-1324.
12. Roguin A, Zviman MM, Meininger GR, et al. Modern pacemaker and implantable cardioverter/defibrillator systems can be magnetic resonance imaging safe: in vitro and in vivo assessment of safety and function at 1.5 T. Circulation. 2004;110:475-482.
13. Nair P, Roguin A. Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ICDs and pacemakers. Indian Pacing and Electrophysiol J. 2005;5:197-209.
14. Rezai AR, Finelli D, Nyenhuis JA, et al. Neurostimulation systems for deep brain stimulation: in vitro evaluation of MRI-related heating at 1.5 tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;15:241-250.
15. Rezai AR, Phillips M, Baker KB, et al. Neurostimulation system used for deep brain stimulation (DBS): MR safety issues and implications of failing to follow safety recommendations. Invest Radiol. 2004;39:300-303.
16. Coffey RJ. Neurostimulation system used for deep brain stimulation (DBS): MR safety issues and implications of failing to follow safety recommendations. Invest Radiol. 2004;39:304.
17. Shellock FG, Cosendai G, Park SM, et al. Implantable microstimulator: magnetic resonance safety at 1.5 T. Invest Radiol. 2004;39:591-599.
18. Bhidayasiri R, Bronstein JM, Sinha S, et al. Bilateral neurostimulation systems used for deep brain stimulation: in vitro study of MRI-related heating at 1.5 T and implications for clinical imaging of the brain. Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;23:549-555.
19. Luechinger RC. Safety aspects of cardiac pacemaker in magnetic resonance imaging. Dissertation ETH 14655, Zurich 2002.
20. Luechinger R, Zeijlemaker VA, Pedersen EM, et al. In vivo heating of pacemaker leads during magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:376-383.
21. Baker KB, Tkach JA, Nyenhuis JA, et al. Evaluation of specific absorption rate as a dosimeter of MRI-related implant heating. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20:315-320.
22. Baker KB, Nyenhuis JA, Hrdlicka G, et al. Neurostimulation systems: assessment of magnetic field interactions associated with 1.5- and 3-Tesla MR systems. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;21:72-77.
23. FDA Public Health Notification: MRI-Caused Injuries in Patients With Implanted Neurological Stimulators; May 10, 2005. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety.html.
24. Bottomley PA, Edelstein WA. Power deposition in whole body NMR imaging. Med Phys. 1981;8:510-512.
25. Taylor HC, Burl M, Hand JW. Experimental verification of numerically predicted electric field distributions produced by a radiofrequency coil. Phys Med Biol. 1997;42:1395-1402.
26. Cuclu CC. Effect of body coil electric field distribution on receive-only surface coil heating. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;14:484-487.
27. Collins CM, Liu W, Wand J, et al. Temperature and SAR calculations for a human head within volume and surface coils at 64 and 300 MHz. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;19:650-656.
28. International Electrotechnical Commission. International Standard, Medical Equipment - Part 2: Particular Requirements for the Safety of Magnetic Resonance Equipment for Medical Diagnosis, 2nd rev. Geneva: International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-33; 2002: 29-31.
29. US Food and Drug Administration. Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Devices Criteria for Significant Risk Investigations; 1997. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ode/magdev.html.
30. US Food and Drug Administration CDRH. Guidance for the Submission of Premarket Notifications for Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Devices; 1998.
31. International Standard IEC 60601-2-33, medical electrical equipment-Part 2-33: particular requirement for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. Geneva; 2002.
32. ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection). Statement on medical magnetic resonance procedures: protection of patients. Health Phys 2004;87(2):197-216.
33. Nitz WR, Oppelt A, Renz W, et al. On the heating of linear conductive structures as guide wires and catheters in interventional MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;13:105-114.
34. Konings MK, Lambertus WB, Smits HFM, et al. Heating around intravascular guidewires by resonating RF waves. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;12:79-85.
35. Armenean C, Perrin E, Armenean M, et al. RF-induced temperature elevation along metallic wires in clinical magnetic resonance imaging: influence of diameter and length. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52:1200-1206.
36. Greatbatch W, Miller V, Shellock FG. Magnetic resonance safety testing of a newly-developed fiber-optic cardiac pacing lead. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002;16:97-103.
37. Yeung CJ, Susil RC, Atalar E. RF heating due to conductive wires during MRI depends on the phase distribution of the transmit field. Magn Reson Med. 2002;48:1096-1098.