Control of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation by p63

Cell Cycle

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 295-299

  Truong, Amy B ^b   Khavari, Paul A ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Differentiation; Epidermis; p53; p63; Proliferation; Skin

Indexed keywords

GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; I KAPPA B KINASE ALPHA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; NOTCH1 RECEPTOR; PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN P53; PROTEIN P63;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; BINDING SITE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL CYCLE ARREST; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL POPULATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; DNA BINDING; DNA BINDING MOTIF; DOWN REGULATION; ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA; ECTRODACTYLY; GENE; GENE ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; KERATINOCYTE; NONHUMAN; P63 GENE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STEM CELL; UPREGULATION;

EID: 33847018472     PISSN: 15384101     EISSN: 15514005     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/cc.6.3.3753     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Fuchs E. Epidermal differentiation: The bare essentials. J Cell Biol 1990; 111:2807-14.
2. Mack JA, Anand S, Maytin EV. Proliferation and cornification during development of the mammalian epidermis. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 2005; 75:314-29.
3. Watt FM. Epidermal stem cells: Markers, patterning and the control of stem cell fate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1998; 353:831-7.
4. Augustin M, Bamberger C, Paul D, Schmale H. Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human p53-related KET gene to chromosome 3q27 and its murine homolog Ket to mouse chromosome 16. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:899-902.
5. Osada M, Ohba M, Kawahara C, Ishioka C, Kanamaru R, Katoh I, Ikawa Y, Nimura Y, Nakagawara A, Obinata M, Ikawa S. Cloning and functional analysis of human p51, which structurally and functionally resembles p53. Nat Med 1998; 4:839-43.
6. Schmale H, Bamberger C. A novel protein with strong homology to the tumor suppressor p53. Oncogene 1997; 15:1363-7.
7. Senoo M, Seki N, Ohira M, Sugano S, Watanabe M, Inuzuka S, Okamoto T, Tachibana M, Tanaka T, Shinkai Y, Kato H. A second p53-related protein, p73L, with high homology to p73. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248:603-7.
8. Trink B, Okami K, Wu L, Sriuranpong V, Jen J, Sidransky D. A new human p53 homologue. Nat Med 1998; 4:747-8.
9. Yang A, Kaghad M, Wang Y, Gillett E, Fleming MD, Dotsch V, Andrews NC, Caput D, McKeon F. p63, a p53 homolog at 3q27-29, encodes multiple products with transactivating, death-inducing, and dominant-negative activities. Mol Cell 1998; 2:305-16.
10. Mills AA, Zheng B, Wang XJ, Vogel H, Roop DR, Bradley A. p63 is a p53 homologue required for limb and epidermal morphogenesis. Nature 1999; 398:708-13.
11. Yang A, Schweitzer R, Sun D, Kaghad M, Walker N, Bronson RT, Tabin C, Sharpe A, Caput D, Crum C, McKeon F. p63 is essential for regenerative proliferation in limb, craniofacial and epithelial development. Nature 1999; 398:714-8.
12. Brunner HG, Hamel BC, Van Bokhoven H. The p63 gene in EEC and other syndromes. J Med Genet 2002; 39:377-81.
13. van Bokhoven H, McKeon F. Mutations in the p53 homolog p63: Allele-specific developmental syndromes in humans. Trends Mol Med 2002; 8:133-9.
14. Pellegrini G, Dellambra E, Golisano O, Martinelli E, Fantozzi I, Bondanza S, Ponzin D, McKeon F, De Luca M. p63 identifies keratinocyte stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:3156-61.
15. Lee H, Kimelman D. A dominant-negative form of p63 is required for epidermal proliferation in zebrafish. Dev Cell 2002; 2:607-16.
16. Truong AB, Kretz M, Ridky TW, Kimmel R, Khavari PA. p63 regulates proliferation and differentiation of developmentally mature keratinocytes. Genes Dev 2006; 20:3185-97.
17. Keyes WM, Wu Y, Vogel H, Guo X, Lowe SW, Mills AA. p63 deficiency activates a program of cellular senescence and leads to accelerated aging. Genes Dev 2005; 19:1986-99.
18. Davison TS, Vagner C, Kaghad M, Ayed A, Caput D, Arrowsmith CH. p73 and p63 are homotetramers capable of weak heterotypic interactions with each other but not with p53. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:18709-14.
19. Gaiddon C, Lokshin M, Ahn J, Zhang T, Prives C. A subset of tumor-derived mutant forms of p53 down-regulate p63 and p73 through a direct interaction with the p53 core domain. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:1874-87.
20. Ortt K, Sinha S. Derivation of the consensus DNA-binding sequence for p63 reveals unique requirements that are distinct from p53. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4544-50.
21. Osada M, Park HL, Nagakawa Y, Yamashita K, Fomenkov A, Kim MS, Wu G, Nomoto S, Trink B, Sidransky D. Differential recognition of response elements determines target gene specificity for p53 and p63. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:6077-89.
22. Kurata S, Okuyama T, Osada M, Watanabe T, Tomimori Y, Sato S, Iwai A, Tsuji T, Ikawa Y, Katoh I. p51/p63 Controls subunit alpha3 of the major epidermis integrin anchoring the stem cells to the niche. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:50069-77.
23. Beretta C, Chiarelli A, Testoni B, Mantovani R, Guerrini L. Regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57Kip2 expression by p63. Cell Cycle 2005; 4:1625-31.
24. Ellisen LW, Ramsayer KD, Johannessen CM, Yang A, Beppu H, Minda K, Oliner JD, McKeon F, Haber DA. REDD1, a developmentally regulated transcriptional target of p63 and p53, links p63 to regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mol Cell 2002; 10:995-1005.
25. Ihrie RA, Marques MR, Nguyen BT, Horner JS, Papazoglu C, Bronson RT, Mills AA, Attardi LD. Perp is a p63-regulated gene essential for epithelial integrity. Cell 2005; 120:843-56.
26. Westfall MD, Mays DJ, Sniezek JC, Pietenpol JA. The Delta Np63 alpha phosphoprotein binds the p21 and 14-3-3 sigma promoters in vivo and has transcriptional repressor activity that is reduced by Hay-Wells syndrome-derived mutations. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:2264-76.
27. el-Deiry WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, Levy DB, Parsons R, Trent JM, Lin D, Mercer WE, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 1993; 75:817-25.
28. Fu H, Subramanian RR, Masters SC. 14-3-3 proteins: Structure, function, and regulation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 40:617-47.
29. 2/M progression. Mol Cell 1997; 1:3-11.
30. Buckbinder L, Talbott R, Velasco-Miguel S, Takenaka I, Faha B, Seizinger BR, Kley N. Induction of the growth inhibitor IGF-binding protein 3 by p53. Nature 1995; 377:646-9.
31. Oh Y, Muller HL, Lamson G, Rosenfeld RG. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-independent action of IGF-binding protein-3 in Hs578T human breast cancer cells: Cell surface binding and growth inhibition. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:14964-71.
32. Valentinis B, Bhala A, DeAngelis T, Baserga R, Cohen P. The human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 inhibits the growth of fibroblasts with a targeted disruption of the IGF-I receptor gene. Mol Endocrinol 1995; 9:361-7.
33. Barbieri CE, Perez CA, Johnson KN, Ely KA, Billheimer D, Pietenpol JA. IGFBP-3 is a direct target of transcriptional regulation by Delta Np63 alpha in squamous epithelium. Cancer Res 2005; 65:2314-20.
34. Sasaki Y, Ishida S, Morimoto I, Yamashita T, Kojima T, Kihara C, Tanaka T, Imai K, Nakamura Y, Tokino T. The p53 family member genes are involved in the Notch signal pathway. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:719-24.
35. Koster MI, Kim S, Mills AA, DeMayo FJ, Roop DR. p63 is the molecular switch for initiation of an epithelial stratification program. Genes Dev 2004; 18:126-31.
36. Nylander K, Vojtesek B, Nenutil R, Lindgren B, Roos G, Zhanxiang W, Sjostrom B, Dahlqvist A, Coates PJ. Differential expression of p63 isoforms in normal tissues and neoplastic cells. J Pathol 2002; 198:417-27.
37. Candi E, Rufini A, Terrinoni A, Dinsdale D, Ranalli M, Paradisi A, De Laurenzi V, Spagnoli LG, Catani MV, Ramadan S, Knight RA, Melino G. Differential roles of p63 isoforms in epidermal development: Selective genetic complementation in p63 null mice. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1037-47.
38. Lechler T, Fuchs E. Asymmetric cell divisions promote stratification and differentiation of mammalian skin. Nature 2005; 437:275-80.
39. Candi E, Terrinoni A, Rufini A, Chikh A, Lena AM, Suzuki Y, Sayan BS, Knight RA, Melino G. p63 is upstream of IKK{alpha} in epidermal development. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:4617-22.
40. DiDonato JA, Hayakawa M, Rothwarf DM, Zandi E, Karin M. A cytokine-responsive IkappaB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Nature 1997; 388:548-54.
41. Mercurio F, Zhu H, Murray BW, Shevchenko A, Bennett BL, Li J, Young DB, Barbosa M, Mann M, Manning A, Rao A. IKK-1 and IKK-2: Cytokine-activated IkappaB kinases essential for NF-kappaB activation. Science 1997; 278:860-6.
42. Zandi E, Rothwarf DM, Delhase M, Hayakawa M, Karin M. The IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) contains two kinase subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta, necessary for IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. Cell 1997; 91:243-52.
43. Hu Y, Baud V, Delhase M, Zhang P, Deerinck T, Ellisman M, Johnson R, Karin M. Abnormal morphogenesis but intact IKK activation in mice lacking the IKKalpha subunit of IkappaB kinase. Science 1999; 284:316-20.
44. Takeda K, Takeuchi O, Tsujimura T, Itami S, Adachi O, Kawai T, Sanjo H, Yoshikawa K, Terada N, Akira S. Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha. Science 1999; 284:313-6.
45. Hu Y, Baud V, Oga T, Kim KI, Yoshida K, Karin M. IKKalpha controls formation of the epidermis independently of NF-kappaB. Nature 2001; 410:710-4.
46. Blanpain C, Lowry WE, Pasolli HA, Fuchs E. Canonical notch signaling functions as a commitment switch in the epidermal lineage. Genes Dev 2006; 20:3022-35.
47. Rangarajan A, Talora C, Okuyama R, Nicolas M, Mammucari C, Oh H, Aster JC, Krishna S, Metzger D, Chambon P, Miele L, Aguet M, Radtke F, Dotto GP. Notch signaling is a direct determinant of keratinocyte growth arrest and entry into differentiation. Embo J 2001; 20:3427-36.
48. Laurikkala J, Mikkola ML, James M, Tummers M, Mills AA, Thesleff I. p63 regulates multiple signalling pathways required for ectodermal organogenesis and differentiation. Development 2006; 133:1553-63.
49. Nguyen BC, Lefort K, Mandinova A, Antonini D, Devgan V, Della Gatta G, Koster MI, Zhang Z, Wang J, Tommasi di Vignano A, Kitajewski J, Chiorino G, Roop DR, Missero C, Dotto GP. Cross-regulation between Notch and p63 in keratinocyte commitment to differentiation. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1028-42.
50. Marques MR, Ihrie RA, Horner JS, Attardi LD. The requirement for perp in postnatal viability and epithelial integrity reflects an intrinsic role in stratified epithelia. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:69-73.
51. Carroll DK, Carroll JS, Leong CO, Cheng F, Brown M, Mills AA, Brugge JS, Ellisen LW. p63 regulates an adhesion programme and cell survival in epithelial cells. Nat Cell Biol 2006; 8:551-61.
52. Vigano MA, Lamartine J, Testoni B, Merico D, Alotto D, Castagnoli C, Robert A, Candi E, Melino G, Gidrol X, Mantovani R. New p63 targets in keratinocytes identified by a genome-wide approach. Embo J 2006; 25:5105-16.
53. Wu G, Nomoto S, Hoque MO, Dracheva T, Osada M, Lee CC, Dong SM, Guo Z, Benoit N, Cohen Y, Rechthand P, Califano J, Moon CS, Ratovitski E, Jen J, Sidransky D, Trink B. DeltaNp63alpha and TAp63alpha regulate transcription of genes with distinct biological functions in cancer and development. Cancer Res 2003; 63:2351-7.
54. Beima KM, Miazgowicz MM, Lewis MD, Yan PS, Huang TH, Weinmann AS. T-bet binding to newly identified target gene promoters is cell type-independent but results in variable context-dependent functional effects. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:11992-2000.
55. King KE, Ponnamperuma RM, Yamashita T, Tokino T, Lee LA, Young MF, Weinberg WC. DeltaNp63alpha functions as both a positive and a negative transcriptional regulator and blocks in vitro differentiation of murine keratinocytes. Oncogene 2003; 22:3635-44.
56. Bakkers J, Hild M, Kramer C, Furutani-Seiki M, Hammerschmidt M. Zebrafish DeltaNp63 is a direct target of Bmp signaling and encodes a transcriptional repressor blocking neural specification in the ventral ectoderm. Dev Cell 2002; 2:617-27.
57. Antonini D, Rossi B, Han R, Minichiello A, Di Palma T, Corrado M, Banfi S, Zannini M, Brissette JL, Missero C. An autoregulatory loop directs the tissue-specific expression of p63 through a long-range evolutionarily conserved enhancer. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:3308-18.
58. Romano RA, Birkaya B, Sinha S. Defining the regulatory elements in the proximal promoter of DeltaNp63 in keratinocytes: Potential roles for Sp1/Sp3, NF-Y, and p63. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1469-79.
59. Melino G, Knight RA, Cesareni G. Degradation of p63 by Itch. Cell Cycle 2006; 5:1735-9.
60. Rossi M, Aqeilan RI, Neale M, Candi E, Salomoni P, Knight RA, Croce CM, Melino G. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch controls the protein stability of p63. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:12753-8.
61. Rossi M, De Simone M, Pollice A, Santoro R, La Mantia G, Guerrini L, Calabro V. Itch/AIP4 associates with and promotes p63 protein degradation. Cell Cycle 2006; 5:1816-22.