메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 1-3, 2006, Pages 127-137

Deficit in schizophrenia to recruit the striatum in implicit learning: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation

Author keywords

Caudate; fMRI; Implicit learning; Procedural learning; Schizophrenia; Striatum

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORPUS STRIATUM; EDUCATION; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; LEARNING DISORDER; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX DIFFERENCE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 33748901693     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.04.027     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (85)
  • 2
    • 0030589511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit associative memory in patients with schizophrenia
    • Bazin N., and Perruchet P. Implicit and explicit associative memory in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 22 3 (1996) 241-248
    • (1996) Schizophr. Res. , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 241-248
    • Bazin, N.1    Perruchet, P.2
  • 3
    • 0030472546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood congruence effect in explicit and implicit memory tasks: a comparison between depressed patients, schizophrenic patients and controls
    • Bazin N., Perruchet P., and Féline A. Mood congruence effect in explicit and implicit memory tasks: a comparison between depressed patients, schizophrenic patients and controls. Eur. Psychiatry 11 8 (1996) 390-395
    • (1996) Eur. Psychiatry , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 390-395
    • Bazin, N.1    Perruchet, P.2    Féline, A.3
  • 4
    • 0032909739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative review of new antipsychotics
    • Blin O. A comparative review of new antipsychotics. Can. J. Psychiatry 44 3 (1999) 235-244
    • (1999) Can. J. Psychiatry , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-244
    • Blin, O.1
  • 6
    • 0031472724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instrumental motor predictors of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism in newly medicated schizophrenia patients
    • Caligiuri M.P., and Lohr J.B. Instrumental motor predictors of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism in newly medicated schizophrenia patients. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 9 4 (1997) 562-567
    • (1997) J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 562-567
    • Caligiuri, M.P.1    Lohr, J.B.2
  • 7
    • 0028856570 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and clinical correlates of extrapyramidal signs and spontaneous dyskinesia in never-medicated schizophrenic patients
    • Chatterjee A., Chakos M., Koreen A., Geisler S., Sheitman B., Woerner M., Kane J.M., Alvir J., and Lieberman J.A. Prevalence and clinical correlates of extrapyramidal signs and spontaneous dyskinesia in never-medicated schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 152 12 (1995) 1724-1729
    • (1995) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.152 , Issue.12 , pp. 1724-1729
    • Chatterjee, A.1    Chakos, M.2    Koreen, A.3    Geisler, S.4    Sheitman, B.5    Woerner, M.6    Kane, J.M.7    Alvir, J.8    Lieberman, J.A.9
  • 8
    • 0020576408 scopus 로고
    • Typical and atypical neuroleptics: differential effect of chronic administration on the activity of A9 and A10 midbrain dopamine neurons
    • Chiodo L.A., and Bunney B.S. Typical and atypical neuroleptics: differential effect of chronic administration on the activity of A9 and A10 midbrain dopamine neurons. J. Neurosci. 3 8 (1983) 1607-1619
    • (1983) J. Neurosci. , vol.3 , Issue.8 , pp. 1607-1619
    • Chiodo, L.A.1    Bunney, B.S.2
  • 9
    • 0027443395 scopus 로고
    • Memory in schizophrenia: what is impaired and what is preserved?
    • Clare L., McKenna P.J., Mortimer A.M., and Baddeley A.D. Memory in schizophrenia: what is impaired and what is preserved?. Neuropsychologia 31 11 (1993) 1225-1241
    • (1993) Neuropsychologia , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 1225-1241
    • Clare, L.1    McKenna, P.J.2    Mortimer, A.M.3    Baddeley, A.D.4
  • 10
    • 0029181723 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and classification of psychopathology: challenges to the current system and future directions
    • Clark L.A., Watson D., and Reynold S. Diagnosis and classification of psychopathology: challenges to the current system and future directions. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 46 (1995) 121-153
    • (1995) Annu. Rev. Psychol. , vol.46 , pp. 121-153
    • Clark, L.A.1    Watson, D.2    Reynold, S.3
  • 11
    • 0032783863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability, repeatability, and the expression of signal magnitude in functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • Cohen M.S., and DuBois R.M. Stability, repeatability, and the expression of signal magnitude in functional magnetic resonance imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 10 (1999) 33-40
    • (1999) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.10 , pp. 33-40
    • Cohen, M.S.1    DuBois, R.M.2
  • 12
    • 0032812432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudate size in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients measured using an artificial neural network
    • Corson P.W., Nopoulos P., Andreasen N.C., Heckel D., and Arndt S. Caudate size in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients measured using an artificial neural network. Biol. Psychiatry 46 5 (1999) 712-720
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 712-720
    • Corson, P.W.1    Nopoulos, P.2    Andreasen, N.C.3    Heckel, D.4    Arndt, S.5
  • 13
    • 0012954706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders and clinical correlates in drug-naive first episode patients with psychosis
    • (abstract)
    • Cortese L. Movement disorders and clinical correlates in drug-naive first episode patients with psychosis. Mov. Disord. 16 suppl 1 (2001) S51 (abstract)
    • (2001) Mov. Disord. , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Cortese, L.1
  • 14
    • 0030175198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
    • Cox R.W. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput. Biomed. Res. 29 3 (1996) 162-173
    • (1996) Comput. Biomed. Res. , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 162-173
    • Cox, R.W.1
  • 15
    • 0001936216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit sequence learning from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. What, how, and where?
    • Stadler M.A., and Frensch P.A. (Eds), Sage, Newbury Park, CA
    • Curran T. Implicit sequence learning from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. What, how, and where?. In: Stadler M.A., and Frensch P.A. (Eds). Handbook of Implicit Learning (1998), Sage, Newbury Park, CA 365-400
    • (1998) Handbook of Implicit Learning , pp. 365-400
    • Curran, T.1
  • 16
    • 0026683104 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chlorpromazine and lorazepam on explicit memory, repetition priming and cognitive skill learning in healthy volunteers
    • Danion J.M., Peretti S., Grangé D., Bilik M., Imbs J.L., and Singer L. Effects of chlorpromazine and lorazepam on explicit memory, repetition priming and cognitive skill learning in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 108 3 (1992) 345-351
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology (Berl.) , vol.108 , Issue.3 , pp. 345-351
    • Danion, J.M.1    Peretti, S.2    Grangé, D.3    Bilik, M.4    Imbs, J.L.5    Singer, L.6
  • 18
    • 0030773078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenics learn surface but not abstract structure in a serial reaction time task
    • Dominey P.F., and Georgieff N. Schizophrenics learn surface but not abstract structure in a serial reaction time task. NeuroReport 8 13 (1997) 2877-2882
    • (1997) NeuroReport , vol.8 , Issue.13 , pp. 2877-2882
    • Dominey, P.F.1    Georgieff, N.2
  • 20
    • 26444489633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
    • Fioravanti M., Carlone O., Vitale B., Cinti M.E., and Clare L. A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychol. Rev. 15 2 (2005) 73-95
    • (2005) Neuropsychol. Rev. , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-95
    • Fioravanti, M.1    Carlone, O.2    Vitale, B.3    Cinti, M.E.4    Clare, L.5
  • 21
    • 0037965157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia N-acetylaspartate correlates with the performance in the procedural task 'Tower of Hanoi' of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients
    • Giménez M., Junqué C., Pérez M., Vendrell P., Baeza I., Salamero M., Mercader J.M., and Bernardo M. Basal ganglia N-acetylaspartate correlates with the performance in the procedural task 'Tower of Hanoi' of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. Neurosci. Lett. 347 2 (2003) 97-100
    • (2003) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.347 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-100
    • Giménez, M.1    Junqué, C.2    Pérez, M.3    Vendrell, P.4    Baeza, I.5    Salamero, M.6    Mercader, J.M.7    Bernardo, M.8
  • 22
    • 0025365066 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of procedural learning and problem solving in schizophrenic patients by Tower of Hanoi type tasks
    • Goldberg T.E., Saint-Cyr J.A., and Weinberger D.R. Assessment of procedural learning and problem solving in schizophrenic patients by Tower of Hanoi type tasks. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2 2 (1990) 165-173
    • (1990) J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-173
    • Goldberg, T.E.1    Saint-Cyr, J.A.2    Weinberger, D.R.3
  • 23
    • 33748893728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gopal, K., 1997. Procedural and working memory in schizophrenia, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 58 (1-B) 0435.
  • 24
    • 0026611393 scopus 로고
    • The depolarization block hypothesis of neuroleptic action: implications for the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia
    • Grace A.A. The depolarization block hypothesis of neuroleptic action: implications for the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. J. Neural Transm. 36 (1992) 91-131
    • (1992) J. Neural Transm. , vol.36 , pp. 91-131
    • Grace, A.A.1
  • 25
    • 0026696830 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of human procedural learning determined with regional cerebral blood flow and PET
    • Grafton S.T., Mazziotta J.C., Presty S., Friston K.J., Frackowiak R.S., and Phelps M.E. Functional anatomy of human procedural learning determined with regional cerebral blood flow and PET. J. Neurosci. 12 7 (1992) 2542-2548
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 2542-2548
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Mazziotta, J.C.2    Presty, S.3    Friston, K.J.4    Frackowiak, R.S.5    Phelps, M.E.6
  • 26
    • 0028807782 scopus 로고
    • Functional mapping of sequence learning in normal humans
    • Grafton S.T., Hazeltine E., and Ivry R. Functional mapping of sequence learning in normal humans. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 7 (1995) 497-510
    • (1995) J. Cogn. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 497-510
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Hazeltine, E.2    Ivry, R.3
  • 29
    • 0000108167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning in schizophrenia: evidence from serial reaction time
    • Green M.F., Kern R.S., Williams O., McGurk S., and Kee K. Procedural learning in schizophrenia: evidence from serial reaction time. Cogn. Neuropsychiatry 2 2 (1997) 123-134
    • (1997) Cogn. Neuropsychiatry , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-134
    • Green, M.F.1    Kern, R.S.2    Williams, O.3    McGurk, S.4    Kee, K.5
  • 30
    • 0034029845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the "right stuff"?
    • Green M.F., Kern R.S., Braff D.L., and Mintz J. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the "right stuff"?. Schizophr. Bull. 26 1 (2000) 119-136
    • (2000) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-136
    • Green, M.F.1    Kern, R.S.2    Braff, D.L.3    Mintz, J.4
  • 31
    • 0031763361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcortical MRI volumes in neuroleptic-naive and treated patients with schizophrenia
    • Gur R.E., Maany V., Mozley P.D., Swanson C., Bilker W., and Gur R.C. Subcortical MRI volumes in neuroleptic-naive and treated patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 155 12 (1998) 1711-1717
    • (1998) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.155 , Issue.12 , pp. 1711-1717
    • Gur, R.E.1    Maany, V.2    Mozley, P.D.3    Swanson, C.4    Bilker, W.5    Gur, R.C.6
  • 32
    • 0031903740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of the evidence
    • Heinrichs R.W., and Zakzanis K.K. Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology 12 3 (1998) 426-445
    • (1998) Neuropsychology , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-445
    • Heinrichs, R.W.1    Zakzanis, K.K.2
  • 33
    • 0033539488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in frontal cortical activation by a working memory task after substitutional of risperidone for typical antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia
    • Honey G.D., Bullmore E.T., Soni W., Varatheesan M., Williams S.C.R., and Sharma T. Differences in frontal cortical activation by a working memory task after substitutional of risperidone for typical antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96 23 (1999) 13432-13437
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.96 , Issue.23 , pp. 13432-13437
    • Honey, G.D.1    Bullmore, E.T.2    Soni, W.3    Varatheesan, M.4    Williams, S.C.R.5    Sharma, T.6
  • 35
    • 0030898745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error
    • Jueptner M., Frith C.D., Brooks D.J., Frackowiak R.S., and Passingham R.E. Anatomy of motor learning. II. Subcortical structures and learning by trial and error. J. Neurophysiol. 77 3 (1997) 1325-1337
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 1325-1337
    • Jueptner, M.1    Frith, C.D.2    Brooks, D.J.3    Frackowiak, R.S.4    Passingham, R.E.5
  • 36
    • 0031943647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new framework for investigating antipsychotic action in humans: lessons from PET imaging
    • Kapur S. A new framework for investigating antipsychotic action in humans: lessons from PET imaging. Mol. Psychiatry 3 2 (1998) 135-140
    • (1998) Mol. Psychiatry , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Kapur, S.1
  • 37
    • 0029026941 scopus 로고
    • 2 dopamine receptor occupancy of risperidone and its relationship to extrapyramidal symptoms: a PET study
    • 2 dopamine receptor occupancy of risperidone and its relationship to extrapyramidal symptoms: a PET study. Life Sci. 57 10 (1995) 103-107
    • (1995) Life Sci. , vol.57 , Issue.10 , pp. 103-107
    • Kapur, S.1    Remington, G.2    Zipursky, R.B.3    Wilson, A.A.4    Houle, S.5
  • 38
    • 0023606101 scopus 로고
    • The positive and negative syndrome scale
    • Kay S.R., Fiszbein A., and Olper L.A. The positive and negative syndrome scale. Schizophr. Bull. 13 2 (1987) 261-276
    • (1987) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-276
    • Kay, S.R.1    Fiszbein, A.2    Olper, L.A.3
  • 40
    • 0342470562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenics know more than they can tell: probabilistic classification learning in schizophrenia
    • Keri S., Kelemen O., Szekeres G., Bagoczky N., Erdelyi R., Antal A., Benedek G., and Janka Z. Schizophrenics know more than they can tell: probabilistic classification learning in schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 30 1 (2000) 149-155
    • (2000) Psychol. Med. , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-155
    • Keri, S.1    Kelemen, O.2    Szekeres, G.3    Bagoczky, N.4    Erdelyi, R.5    Antal, A.6    Benedek, G.7    Janka, Z.8
  • 41
    • 0003044228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declarative and procedural learning in schizophrenia: a test of the integrity of divergent memory systems
    • Kern R.S., Green M.F., and Wallace C.J. Declarative and procedural learning in schizophrenia: a test of the integrity of divergent memory systems. Cogn. Neuropsychiatry 2 1 (1997) 39-50
    • (1997) Cogn. Neuropsychiatry , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-50
    • Kern, R.S.1    Green, M.F.2    Wallace, C.J.3
  • 42
    • 0025727341 scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: evidence from the serial reaction time task
    • Knopman D., and Nissen M.J. Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: evidence from the serial reaction time task. Neuropsychologia 29 3 (1991) 245-254
    • (1991) Neuropsychologia , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-254
    • Knopman, D.1    Nissen, M.J.2
  • 45
    • 0346688559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine but not Haloperidol re-establishes normal task-activated rCBF patterns in schizophrenia within the anterior cingulate cortex
    • Lahti A.C., Holcomb H.H., Weiler M.A., Medoff D.R., Frey K.N., Hardin M., and Tamminga C.A. Clozapine but not Haloperidol re-establishes normal task-activated rCBF patterns in schizophrenia within the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 29 (2004) 171-178
    • (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.29 , pp. 171-178
    • Lahti, A.C.1    Holcomb, H.H.2    Weiler, M.A.3    Medoff, D.R.4    Frey, K.N.5    Hardin, M.6    Tamminga, C.A.7
  • 46
    • 20444406048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional effects of single dose first- and second-generation antipsychotic administration in subjects with schizophrenia
    • Lahti A.C., Weiler M.A., Medoff D.R., Tamminga C.A., and Holcomb H.H. Functional effects of single dose first- and second-generation antipsychotic administration in subjects with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res.: Neuroimaging 139 (2005) 19-30
    • (2005) Psychiatry Res.: Neuroimaging , vol.139 , pp. 19-30
    • Lahti, A.C.1    Weiler, M.A.2    Medoff, D.R.3    Tamminga, C.A.4    Holcomb, H.H.5
  • 48
    • 0001145838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia volumes and treatment-response in never-medicated, first episode schizophrenia patients
    • (abstract)
    • Lang D.J., Kopala L.C., Vandorpe R.A., Smith G.N., Rui Q., Goghari V.M., and Hones W.G. Basal ganglia volumes and treatment-response in never-medicated, first episode schizophrenia patients. Schizophr. Res. 49 (2001) 159 (abstract)
    • (2001) Schizophr. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 159
    • Lang, D.J.1    Kopala, L.C.2    Vandorpe, R.A.3    Smith, G.N.4    Rui, Q.5    Goghari, V.M.6    Hones, W.G.7
  • 49
    • 0035280912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory and attention deficits in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia
    • Lussier I., and Stip E. Memory and attention deficits in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 48 1 (2001) 45-55
    • (2001) Schizophr. Res. , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-55
    • Lussier, I.1    Stip, E.2
  • 50
    • 1442338973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a lack of striatal dysfunction during implicit sequence learning in individuals with animal phobia
    • Martis B., Wright C.I., McMullin K.G., Shin L.M., and Rauch S.L. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a lack of striatal dysfunction during implicit sequence learning in individuals with animal phobia. Am. J. Psychiatry 161 1 (2004) 67-71
    • (2004) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-71
    • Martis, B.1    Wright, C.I.2    McMullin, K.G.3    Shin, L.M.4    Rauch, S.L.5
  • 51
    • 0032549772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of visually guided behavior during reversed vision in schizophrenia: a preliminary study
    • Ninomiya H., Sato E., Onitsuka T., and Chen C. Adaptation of visually guided behavior during reversed vision in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res. 78 1-2 (1998) 51-58
    • (1998) Psychiatry Res. , vol.78 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 51-58
    • Ninomiya, H.1    Sato, E.2    Onitsuka, T.3    Chen, C.4
  • 52
    • 0015021890 scopus 로고
    • The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh Inventory
    • Oldfield R.C. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia 9 1 (1971) 97-113
    • (1971) Neuropsychologia , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-113
    • Oldfield, R.C.1
  • 57
    • 0005483999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of procedural learning in schizophrenia after six months of treatment with clozapine
    • Purdon S.E., Mintz A.R., Labelle A., and Waldie B.D. Improvement of procedural learning in schizophrenia after six months of treatment with clozapine. Schizophr. Res. 41 1 (2000) 184-185
    • (2000) Schizophr. Res. , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 184-185
    • Purdon, S.E.1    Mintz, A.R.2    Labelle, A.3    Waldie, B.D.4
  • 58
    • 0141958820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning in schizophrenia after 6 months of double-blind treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol
    • Purdon S.E., Woodward N., Lindborg S.R., and Stip E. Procedural learning in schizophrenia after 6 months of double-blind treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 169 3-4 (2003) 390-397
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology (Berl.) , vol.169 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 390-397
    • Purdon, S.E.1    Woodward, N.2    Lindborg, S.R.3    Stip, E.4
  • 60
    • 0027730824 scopus 로고
    • Implicit memory in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls: effects of task demands on susceptibility to priming
    • Randolph C., Gold J.M., Carpenter C.J., Goldberg T.E., and Weinberger D.R. Implicit memory in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls: effects of task demands on susceptibility to priming. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 15 6 (1993) 853-866
    • (1993) J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 853-866
    • Randolph, C.1    Gold, J.M.2    Carpenter, C.J.3    Goldberg, T.E.4    Weinberger, D.R.5
  • 64
    • 0032579977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic deactivation during early implicit sequence learning: a functional MRI study
    • Rauch S.L., Whalen P.J., Curran T., McInerney S., Heckers S., and Savage C.R. Thalamic deactivation during early implicit sequence learning: a functional MRI study. NeuroReport 9 5 (1998) 865-870
    • (1998) NeuroReport , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 865-870
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Whalen, P.J.2    Curran, T.3    McInerney, S.4    Heckers, S.5    Savage, C.R.6
  • 68
    • 0037468806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fMRI study of the role of the medial temporal lobe in implicit and explicit sequence learning
    • Schendan H.E., Searl M.M., Melrose R.J., and Stern C.E. An fMRI study of the role of the medial temporal lobe in implicit and explicit sequence learning. Neuron 37 6 (2003) 1013-1025
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 1013-1025
    • Schendan, H.E.1    Searl, M.M.2    Melrose, R.J.3    Stern, C.E.4
  • 71
    • 0026491138 scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning of cognitive and motor skills in psychotic patients
    • Schmand B., Brand N., and Kuipers T. Procedural learning of cognitive and motor skills in psychotic patients. Schizophr. Res. 8 2 (1992) 157-170
    • (1992) Schizophr. Res. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-170
    • Schmand, B.1    Brand, N.2    Kuipers, T.3
  • 72
    • 0030608054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory deficits in subsyndromes of chronic schizophrenia
    • Schroder J., Tittel A., Stockert A., and Karr M. Memory deficits in subsyndromes of chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 21 1 (1996) 19-26
    • (1996) Schizophr. Res. , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-26
    • Schroder, J.1    Tittel, A.2    Stockert, A.3    Karr, M.4
  • 74
    • 0032421570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10
    • Sheehan D.V., Lecrubier Y., Sheehan K.H., Amorim P., Janavs J., Weiller E., Hergueta T., Baker R., and Dunbar G.C. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J. Clin. Psychiatry 59 Suppl 20 (1998) 22-33
    • (1998) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.59 , Issue.SUPPL. 20 , pp. 22-33
    • Sheehan, D.V.1    Lecrubier, Y.2    Sheehan, K.H.3    Amorim, P.4    Janavs, J.5    Weiller, E.6    Hergueta, T.7    Baker, R.8    Dunbar, G.C.9
  • 75
    • 28444454906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral and medial hypofrontality in first-episode schizophrenia: functional activity in a medication-naive state and effects of short-term atypical antipsychotic treatment
    • Snitz B.E., MacDonald III A., Cohen J.D., Cho R.Y., Becker T., and Carter C.S. Lateral and medial hypofrontality in first-episode schizophrenia: functional activity in a medication-naive state and effects of short-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry 162 12 (2005) 2322-2329
    • (2005) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.12 , pp. 2322-2329
    • Snitz, B.E.1    MacDonald III, A.2    Cohen, J.D.3    Cho, R.Y.4    Becker, T.5    Carter, C.S.6
  • 76
    • 4944243962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal memory processes in schizophrenia patients and biological relatives of schizophrenia patients: intact implicit memory, impaired explicit recollection
    • Sponheim S.R., Steele V.R., and McGuire K.A. Verbal memory processes in schizophrenia patients and biological relatives of schizophrenia patients: intact implicit memory, impaired explicit recollection. Schizophr. Res. 71 2-3 (2004) 339-348
    • (2004) Schizophr. Res. , vol.71 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 339-348
    • Sponheim, S.R.1    Steele, V.R.2    McGuire, K.A.3
  • 77
    • 0036125485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit learning in schizophrenics treated with olanzapine and with classic neuroleptics
    • Stevens A., Schwarz J., Schwarz B., Ruf I., Kolter T., and Czekalla J. Implicit and explicit learning in schizophrenics treated with olanzapine and with classic neuroleptics. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 160 3 (2002) 299-306
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology (Berl.) , vol.160 , Issue.3 , pp. 299-306
    • Stevens, A.1    Schwarz, J.2    Schwarz, B.3    Ruf, I.4    Kolter, T.5    Czekalla, J.6
  • 78
    • 0030963675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased habituation of midlatency auditory evoked responses in Parkinson's disease
    • Teo C., Rasco L., al-Mefty K., Skinner R.D., Boop F.A., and Garcia-Rill E. Decreased habituation of midlatency auditory evoked responses in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 12 5 (1997) 655-664
    • (1997) Mov. Disord. , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 655-664
    • Teo, C.1    Rasco, L.2    al-Mefty, K.3    Skinner, R.D.4    Boop, F.A.5    Garcia-Rill, E.6
  • 79
    • 6944247623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of developmental differences in implicit sequence learning: an fMRI study of children and adults
    • Thomas K.M., Hunt R.H., Vizueta N., Sommer T., Durston S., Yang Y., and Worden M.S. Evidence of developmental differences in implicit sequence learning: an fMRI study of children and adults. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 16 8 (2004) 1339-1351
    • (2004) J. Cogn. Neurosci. , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 1339-1351
    • Thomas, K.M.1    Hunt, R.H.2    Vizueta, N.3    Sommer, T.4    Durston, S.5    Yang, Y.6    Worden, M.S.7
  • 80
    • 0025174987 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Conceptual models and analytic strategies
    • Tsuang M.T., Lyons M.J., and Faraone S.V. Heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Conceptual models and analytic strategies. Br. J. Psychiatry 156 (1990) 17-26
    • (1990) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 17-26
    • Tsuang, M.T.1    Lyons, M.J.2    Faraone, S.V.3
  • 81
    • 0038120943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The midlatency auditory evoked potential P50 is abnormal in Huntington's disease
    • Uc E.Y., Skinner R.D., Rodnitzky R.L., and Garcia-Rill E. The midlatency auditory evoked potential P50 is abnormal in Huntington's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 212 (2003) 1-5
    • (2003) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.212 , pp. 1-5
    • Uc, E.Y.1    Skinner, R.D.2    Rodnitzky, R.L.3    Garcia-Rill, E.4
  • 83
    • 0027301298 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for dissociable motor skills in Huntington's disease patients
    • Willingham D.B., and Koroshetz W.J. Evidence for dissociable motor skills in Huntington's disease patients. Psychobiology 21 (1993) 173-182
    • (1993) Psychobiology , vol.21 , pp. 173-182
    • Willingham, D.B.1    Koroshetz, W.J.2
  • 84
    • 0038266756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics
    • Woods S.W. Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J. Clin. Psychiatry 64 (2002) 663-667
    • (2002) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 663-667
    • Woods, S.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.