메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 81-100

Human cutaneous pigmentation a collaborative act in the skin, directed by paracrine, autocrine, and endocrine factors and the environment

Author keywords

autoimmune factors; constitutive pigmentation; endocrine factors; facultative pigmentation; Human melanocytes; paracrine factors; photoprotection

Indexed keywords


EID: 33748161411     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-994-3_5     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (4)

References (171)
  • 2
    • 0003080505 scopus 로고
    • Biology of the melanin pigmentary system
    • Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freeberg IM, Austen KF, eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
    • Fitzpatrick TB, Szabo G, Seiji M, Quevedo WC. Biology of the melanin pigmentary system. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freeberg IM, Austen KF, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1979, pp. 131-163.
    • (1979) Dermatology in General Medicine , pp. 131-163
    • Fitzpatrick, T.B.1    Szabo, G.2    Seiji, M.3    Quevedo, W.C.4
  • 3
    • 0025679060 scopus 로고
    • Epidermal differentiation: The bare essentials
    • Fuchs E. Epidermal differentiation: the bare essentials. J Cell Biol 1990;111:2807-2814.
    • (1990) J Cell Biol , vol.111 , pp. 2807-2814
    • Fuchs, E.1
  • 4
    • 0042704019 scopus 로고
    • Photobiology of skin pigmentation
    • Levine N, ed, CRC, Boca Raton, FL
    • Dillman AM. Photobiology of skin pigmentation. In: Levine N, ed. Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disorders. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1993, pp. 61-94.
    • (1993) Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disorders , pp. 61-94
    • Dillman, A.M.1
  • 5
    • 0027442806 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of human melanocytes and S91 melanoma cells with the DNA repair enzyme T4 endonuclease v enhances melanogenesis after ultraviolet irradiation
    • Gilchrest BA, Zhai S, Eller MS, Yarosh DB, Yaar M. Treatment of human melanocytes and S91 melanoma cells with the DNA repair enzyme T4 endonuclease V enhances melanogenesis after ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 1993;101:666-672.
    • (1993) J Invest Dermatol , vol.101 , pp. 666-672
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1    Zhai, S.2    Eller, M.S.3    Yarosh, D.B.4    Yaar, M.5
  • 7
    • 0029348767 scopus 로고
    • Eumelanin and pheomelanin contents of human epidermis and cultured melanocytes
    • Hunt G, Kyne S, Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Todd C, Thody AJ. Eumelanin and pheomelanin contents of human epidermis and cultured melanocytes. Pigment Cell Res 1995;8:202-208.
    • (1995) Pigment Cell Res , vol.8 , pp. 202-208
    • Hunt, G.1    Kyne, S.2    Ito, S.3    Wakamatsu, K.4    Todd, C.5    Thody, A.J.6
  • 8
    • 0014674644 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis
    • Szabo G. Racial differences in the fate of melanosomes in human epidermis. Nature 1969;222:1081.
    • (1969) Nature , vol.222 , pp. 1081
    • Szabo, G.1
  • 10
    • 0027732667 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes
    • Abdel-Malek Z, Swope V, Collins C, Boissy R, Zhao H, Nordlund J. Contribution of melanogenic proteins to the heterogeneous pigmentation of human melanocytes. J Cell Sci 1993;106:1323-1331.
    • (1993) J Cell Sci , vol.106 , pp. 1323-1331
    • Abdel-Malek, Z.1    Swope, V.2    Collins, C.3    Boissy, R.4    Zhao, H.5    Nordlund, J.6
  • 11
    • 0028412483 scopus 로고
    • Proliferation and propagation of human melanocytes in vitro are affected by donor age and anatomical site
    • Abdel-Malek ZA, Swope VB, Nordlund JJ, Medrano EE. Proliferation and propagation of human melanocytes in vitro are affected by donor age and anatomical site. Pigment Cell Res 1994;7:116-122.
    • (1994) Pigment Cell Res , vol.7 , pp. 116-122
    • Abdel-Malek, Z.A.1    Swope, V.B.2    Nordlund, J.J.3    Medrano, E.E.4
  • 12
    • 0025362506 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between tyrosinase activity and skin color in human foreskins
    • Iwata M, Corn T, Iwata S, Everett MA, Fuller BB. The relationship between tyrosinase activity and skin color in human foreskins. J Invest Dermatol 1990;95:9-15.
    • (1990) J Invest Dermatol , vol.95 , pp. 9-15
    • Iwata, M.1    Corn, T.2    Iwata, S.3    Everett, M.A.4    Fuller, B.B.5
  • 13
    • 0024094679 scopus 로고
    • Basic fibroblast growth factor from human keratinocytes is a natural mitogen for melanocytes
    • Halaban R, Langdon R, Birchall N, et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor from human keratinocytes is a natural mitogen for melanocytes. J Cell Biol 1988;107:1611-1619.
    • (1988) J Cell Biol , vol.107 , pp. 1611-1619
    • Halaban, R.1    Langdon, R.2    Birchall, N.3
  • 14
    • 0025677334 scopus 로고
    • Human keratinocytes are a source for tumor necrosis factor a: Evidence for synthesis and release upon stimulation with endotoxin or ultraviolet light
    • Kock A, Schwarz T, Kirnbauer R, et al. Human keratinocytes are a source for tumor necrosis factor a: evidence for synthesis and release upon stimulation with endotoxin or ultraviolet light. J Exp Med 1990;172:1609-1614.
    • (1990) J Exp Med , vol.172 , pp. 1609-1614
    • Kock, A.1    Schwarz, T.2    Kirnbauer, R.3
  • 15
    • 0026496897 scopus 로고
    • Endothelins secreted from human keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens for human melanocytes
    • Imokawa G, Yada Y, Miyagishi M. Endothelins secreted from human keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens for human melanocytes. J Biol Chem 1992;267:24, 675-24, 680.
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , pp. 24675-24680
    • Imokawa, G.1    Yada, Y.2    Miyagishi, M.3
  • 16
    • 0001466640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production and release of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides by human melanocytes and keratinocytes in culture: Regulation by ultraviolet B
    • Chakraborty AK, Funasaka Y, Slominski A, et al. Production and release of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides by human melanocytes and keratinocytes in culture: regulation by ultraviolet B. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996;1313:130-138.
    • (1996) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1313 , pp. 130-138
    • Chakraborty, A.K.1    Funasaka, Y.2    Slominski, A.3
  • 17
    • 0031242973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of ACTH peptides in human skin and their activation of the melanocortin-1 receptor
    • Wakamatsu K, Graham A, Cook D, Thody AJ. Characterization of ACTH peptides in human skin and their activation of the melanocortin-1 receptor. Pigment Cell Res 1997;10:288-297.
    • (1997) Pigment Cell Res , vol.10 , pp. 288-297
    • Wakamatsu, K.1    Graham, A.2    Cook, D.3    Thody, A.J.4
  • 18
    • 0028920049 scopus 로고
    • Mitogenic and melanogenic stimulation of normal human melanocytes by melanotropic peptides
    • Abdel-Malek Z, Swope VB, Suzuki I, et al. Mitogenic and melanogenic stimulation of normal human melanocytes by melanotropic peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:1789-1793.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 1789-1793
    • Abdel-Malek, Z.1    Swope, V.B.2    Suzuki, I.3
  • 19
    • 0003157646 scopus 로고
    • The photobiology of melanin pigmentation in human skin
    • Kawamura T, Fitzpatrick TB, Seiji M, eds, University Park Press, Baltimore, MD
    • Pathak MA, Hori Y, Szabo G, Fitzpatrick TB. The photobiology of melanin pigmentation in human skin. In: Kawamura T, Fitzpatrick TB, Seiji M, eds. Biology of Normal and Abnormal Melanocytes. University Park Press, Baltimore, MD, 1971, pp. 149-169.
    • (1971) Biology of Normal and Abnormal Melanocytes , pp. 149-169
    • Pathak, M.A.1    Hori, Y.2    Szabo, G.3    Fitzpatrick, T.B.4
  • 20
    • 0031954130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supranuclear melanin caps reduce ultraviolet induced DNA photoproducts in human epidermis
    • Kobayashi N, Nakagawa A, Muramatsu T, et al. Supranuclear melanin caps reduce ultraviolet induced DNA photoproducts in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1998;110:806-810.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.110 , pp. 806-810
    • Kobayashi, N.1    Nakagawa, A.2    Muramatsu, T.3
  • 22
    • 0032836289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA photodamage stimulates melanogenesis and other photoprotective responses
    • Gilchrest BA, Eller MS. DNA photodamage stimulates melanogenesis and other photoprotective responses. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 1999;4:35-40.
    • (1999) J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc , vol.4 , pp. 35-40
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1    Eller, M.S.2
  • 23
    • 0002664467 scopus 로고
    • Photobiological effects of eumelanin and pheomelanin
    • Bagnara JT, Klaus SN, Paul E, Schartl M, eds, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan
    • Menon IA, Persad S, Ranadive NS, Haberman HF. Photobiological effects of eumelanin and pheomelanin. In: Bagnara JT, Klaus SN, Paul E, Schartl M, eds. Biological, Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Pigmentation. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan, 1985, pp. 77-86.
    • (1985) Biological, Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Pigmentation , pp. 77-86
    • Menon, I.A.1    Persad, S.2    Ranadive, N.S.3    Haberman, H.F.4
  • 25
    • 0002148605 scopus 로고
    • The role of natural photoprotective agents in human skin
    • Fitzpatrick TB, Pathak MA, Haber LC, Seiji M, Kukita A, eds, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan
    • Pathak MA, Fitzpatrick TB. The role of natural photoprotective agents in human skin. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Pathak MA, Haber LC, Seiji M, Kukita A, eds. Sunlight and Man. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan, 1974, pp. 725-750.
    • (1974) Sunlight and Man , pp. 725-750
    • Pathak, M.A.1    Fitzpatrick, T.B.2
  • 28
    • 0025721920 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet radiation and the development of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer: Clinical and experimental evidence
    • Pathak MA. Ultraviolet radiation and the development of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer: clinical and experimental evidence. Skin Pharmacol 1991;4(suppl 1):85-94.
    • (1991) Skin Pharmacol , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 85-94
    • Pathak, M.A.1
  • 29
    • 0033614447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation
    • Gilchrest BA, Eller MS, Geller AC, Yaar M. The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1341-1348.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1341-1348
    • Gilchrest, B.A.1    Eller, M.S.2    Geller, A.C.3    Yaar, M.4
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0001221181 scopus 로고
    • Eighty-six cases of Addison's disease
    • Dunlop D. Eighty-six cases of Addison's disease. Br Med J 1963;5362:887-891.
    • (1963) Br Med J , vol.5362 , pp. 887-891
    • Dunlop, D.1
  • 32
    • 0016062612 scopus 로고
    • Addison's disease-clinical studies. A report of 108 cases
    • Nerup J. Addison's disease-clinical studies. A report of 108 cases. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1974;76:127-41.
    • (1974) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.76 , pp. 127-141
    • Nerup, J.1
  • 33
    • 0017600298 scopus 로고
    • Chloasma, oral contraceptives, and plasma immunore-active P-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
    • Smith AG, Shuster S, Thody AJ, Peberky M. Chloasma, oral contraceptives, and plasma immunore-active P-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. J Invest Dermatol 1977;68:169-170.
    • (1977) J Invest Dermatol , vol.68 , pp. 169-170
    • Smith, A.G.1    Shuster, S.2    Thody, A.J.3    Peberky, M.4
  • 34
    • 0345303670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common hyperpigmentation disorders in adults: Part II Melanoma, seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, melasma, diabetic dermopathy, tinea versicolor, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
    • Stulberg DL, Clark N, Tovey D. Common hyperpigmentation disorders in adults: Part II. Melanoma, seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, melasma, diabetic dermopathy, tinea versicolor, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Am Fam Physician 2003;68:1963-1968.
    • (2003) Am Fam Physician , vol.68 , pp. 1963-1968
    • Stulberg, D.L.1    Clark, N.2    Tovey, D.3
  • 35
    • 0342306096 scopus 로고
    • The pigmentary changes occurring in the breast skin during pregnancy and following estrogen treatment
    • Snell RS. The pigmentary changes occurring in the breast skin during pregnancy and following estrogen treatment. J Invest Dermatol 1964;43:181-186.
    • (1964) J Invest Dermatol , vol.43 , pp. 181-186
    • Snell, R.S.1
  • 36
    • 0017265097 scopus 로고
    • The melanogenic response to testosterone in scrotal epidermis; The effects on tyrosinase activity and protein synthesis
    • Wilson MJ, Spaziani E. The melanogenic response to testosterone in scrotal epidermis; the effects on tyrosinase activity and protein synthesis. Acta Endocrin 1976;81:435-448.
    • (1976) Acta Endocrin , vol.81 , pp. 435-448
    • Wilson, M.J.1    Spaziani, E.2
  • 37
    • 0025061965 scopus 로고
    • A-MSH causes a small rise in cAMP but has no effect on basal or ultraviolet-stimulated melanogenesis in human melanocytes
    • Friedmann PS, Wren F, Buffey J, MacNeil S. a-MSH causes a small rise in cAMP but has no effect on basal or ultraviolet-stimulated melanogenesis in human melanocytes. Br J Dermatol 1990; 123:145-151.
    • (1990) Br J Dermatol , vol.123 , pp. 145-151
    • Friedmann, P.S.1    Wren, F.2    Buffey, J.3    MacNeil, S.4
  • 38
    • 0027223731 scopus 로고
    • Pigmentation and proliferation of human melanocytes and the effects of melanocyte-stimulating hormone and ultraviolet B light
    • Halaban R, Tyrrell L, Longley J, Yarden Y, Rubin J. Pigmentation and proliferation of human melanocytes and the effects of melanocyte-stimulating hormone and ultraviolet B light. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;680:290-301.
    • (1993) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.680 , pp. 290-301
    • Halaban, R.1    Tyrrell, L.2    Longley, J.3    Yarden, Y.4    Rubin, J.5
  • 39
    • 0027180540 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of melanogenesis in mouse melanoma and in human melanocytes
    • Fuller BB, Rungta D, Iozumi K, et al. Hormonal regulation of melanogenesis in mouse melanoma and in human melanocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;680:302-319.
    • (1993) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.680 , pp. 302-319
    • Fuller, B.B.1    Rungta, D.2    Iozumi, K.3
  • 40
    • 0024307511 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for hyperpigmentation in postinflammatory pigmentation, urticaria pigmentosa and sunburn
    • Tomita Y, Maeda K, Tagami H. Mechanisms for hyperpigmentation in postinflammatory pigmentation, urticaria pigmentosa and sunburn. Dermatologica 1989;179(suppl 1):49-53.
    • (1989) Dermatologica , vol.179 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 49-53
    • Tomita, Y.1    Maeda, K.2    Tagami, H.3
  • 41
    • 0025183403 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 release from peripheral blood monocytes and soluble interleukin-2 and cd8 receptors in serum from patients with atopic dermatitis
    • Thestrup-Pedersen K, Larsen CS, Kristensen M, Zachariae C. Interleukin-1 release from peripheral blood monocytes and soluble interleukin-2 and cd8 receptors in serum from patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1990;70:395-399.
    • (1990) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.70 , pp. 395-399
    • Thestrup-Pedersen, K.1    Larsen, C.S.2    Kristensen, M.3    Zachariae, C.4
  • 42
    • 0025995525 scopus 로고
    • Induction of macrophage TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 production by DTH-initiating factors
    • Ferreri NR, Millet I, Paliwal V, et al. Induction of macrophage TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 production by DTH-initiating factors. Cell Immunol 1991;137:389-405.
    • (1991) Cell Immunol , vol.137 , pp. 389-405
    • Ferreri, N.R.1    Millet, I.2    Paliwal, V.3
  • 43
    • 0020522437 scopus 로고
    • Leukotrienes as mediators of skin inflammation
    • Ford-Hutchinson AW, Rackman A. Leukotrienes as mediators of skin inflammation. Br J Dermatol 1983;109(suppl 25):26-29.
    • (1983) Br J Dermatol , vol.109 , Issue.SUPPL. 25 , pp. 26-29
    • Ford-Hutchinson, A.W.1    Rackman, A.2
  • 45
    • 0027452122 scopus 로고
    • Histamine stimulates normal human melanocytes in vitro: One of the possible inducers of hyperpigmentation in urticaria pigmentosa
    • Tomita Y, Maeda K, Tagami H. Histamine stimulates normal human melanocytes in vitro: one of the possible inducers of hyperpigmentation in urticaria pigmentosa. J Dermatol Sci 1993;6:146-154.
    • (1993) J Dermatol Sci , vol.6 , pp. 146-154
    • Tomita, Y.1    Maeda, K.2    Tagami, H.3
  • 46
    • 0034049758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histamine induces melanogenesis and morphologic changes by protein kinase A activation via H2 receptors in human normal melanocytes
    • Yoshida M, Takahashi Y, Inoue S. Histamine induces melanogenesis and morphologic changes by protein kinase A activation via H2 receptors in human normal melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2000;114:334-342.
    • (2000) J Invest Dermatol , vol.114 , pp. 334-342
    • Yoshida, M.1    Takahashi, Y.2    Inoue, S.3
  • 47
    • 0024523764 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of human melanocyte growth, dendricity, and melanization by keratinocyte derived factors
    • Gordon PR, Mansur CP, Gilchrest BA. Regulation of human melanocyte growth, dendricity, and melanization by keratinocyte derived factors. J Invest Dermatol 1989;92:565-572.
    • (1989) J Invest Dermatol , vol.92 , pp. 565-572
    • Gordon, P.R.1    Mansur, C.P.2    Gilchrest, B.A.3
  • 48
    • 0032849737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcitonin gene-related peptide upregulates melanogenesis and enhances melanocyte dendricity via induction of keratinocyte-derived melanotrophic factors
    • Toyoda M, Luo Y, Makino T, Matsui C, Morohashi M. Calcitonin gene-related peptide upregulates melanogenesis and enhances melanocyte dendricity via induction of keratinocyte-derived melanotrophic factors. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 1999;4:116-125.
    • (1999) J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc , vol.4 , pp. 116-125
    • Toyoda, M.1    Luo, Y.2    Makino, T.3    Matsui, C.4    Morohashi, M.5
  • 49
    • 0032521564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological characterization of human fibroblast-derived mitogenic factors for human melanocytes
    • Imokawa G, Yada Y, Morisaki N, Kimura M. Biological characterization of human fibroblast-derived mitogenic factors for human melanocytes. Biochem J 1998;330:1235-1239.
    • (1998) Biochem J , vol.330 , pp. 1235-1239
    • Imokawa, G.1    Yada, Y.2    Morisaki, N.3    Kimura, M.4
  • 50
    • 0025027264 scopus 로고
    • Embryonic expression of a haematopoietic growth factor encoded by the Sl locus and the ligand for c-kit
    • Matsui Y, Zsebo KM, Hogan BL. Embryonic expression of a haematopoietic growth factor encoded by the Sl locus and the ligand for c-kit. Nature 1990;347:667-669.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 667-669
    • Matsui, Y.1    Zsebo, K.M.2    Hogan, B.L.3
  • 51
    • 0027310969 scopus 로고
    • Altered metabolism of mast-cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) in cutaneous mastocytosis
    • Longley BJ Jr, Morganroth GS, Tyrrell L, et al. Altered metabolism of mast-cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) in cutaneous mastocytosis. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1302-1307.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1302-1307
    • Longley Jr., B.J.1    Morganroth, G.S.2    Tyrrell, L.3
  • 52
    • 0025870823 scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte growth factor is a potent stimulator of human melanocyte DNA synthesis and growth
    • Matsumoto K, Tajima H, Nakamura T. Hepatocyte growth factor is a potent stimulator of human melanocyte DNA synthesis and growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991;176:45-51.
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.176 , pp. 45-51
    • Matsumoto, K.1    Tajima, H.2    Nakamura, T.3
  • 53
    • 0026037720 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for nerve growth factor-mediated paracrine effects in human epidermis
    • Yaar M, Grossman K, Eller M, Gilchrest BA. Evidence for nerve growth factor-mediated paracrine effects in human epidermis. J Cell Biol 1991;115:821-828.
    • (1991) J Cell Biol , vol.115 , pp. 821-828
    • Yaar, M.1    Grossman, K.2    Eller, M.3    Gilchrest, B.A.4
  • 54
    • 0025789673 scopus 로고
    • Growth regulated synthesis and secretion of biologically active nerve growth factor by human keratinocytes
    • Di-Marco E, Marchisio PC, Bondanza S, Franzi AT, Cancedda R, De Luca M. Growth regulated synthesis and secretion of biologically active nerve growth factor by human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 1991;266:21, 718-21, 722.
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 21718-21722
    • Di-Marco, E.1    Marchisio, P.C.2    Bondanza, S.3    Franzi, A.T.4    Cancedda, R.5    De Luca, M.6
  • 55
    • 0025272058 scopus 로고
    • Expression and modulation of nerve growth factor in murine keratinocytes (PAM 212)
    • Tron VA, Coughlin MD, Jang DE, Stanisz J, Sauder DN. Expression and modulation of nerve growth factor in murine keratinocytes (PAM 212). J Clin Invest 1990;85:1085-1089.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.85 , pp. 1085-1089
    • Tron, V.A.1    Coughlin, M.D.2    Jang, D.E.3    Stanisz, J.4    Sauder, D.N.5
  • 56
    • 0030010375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor rescues pigment cells from ultraviolet induced apoptosis by upregulating BCL-2 levels
    • Zhai S, Yaar M, Gilchrest BA. Nerve growth factor rescues pigment cells from ultraviolet induced apoptosis by upregulating BCL-2 levels. Exp Cell Res 1996;224:335-343.
    • (1996) Exp Cell Res , vol.224 , pp. 335-343
    • Zhai, S.1    Yaar, M.2    Gilchrest, B.A.3
  • 57
    • 0028075293 scopus 로고
    • The trk family of receptors mediates nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 effects in melanocytes
    • Yaar M, Eller MS, DiBenedetto P, et al. The trk family of receptors mediates nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 effects in melanocytes. J Clin Invest 1994;94:1550-1562.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 1550-1562
    • Yaar, M.1    Eller, M.S.2    Dibenedetto, P.3
  • 58
    • 11144354692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the skin: Increased expression of dickkopf1 by palmoplantar fibroblasts inhibits melanocyte growth and differentiation
    • Yamaguchi Y, Itami S, Watabe H, et al. Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the skin: increased expression of dickkopf1 by palmoplantar fibroblasts inhibits melanocyte growth and differentiation. J Cell Biol 2004;165:275-285.
    • (2004) J Cell Biol , vol.165 , pp. 275-285
    • Yamaguchi, Y.1    Itami, S.2    Watabe, H.3
  • 59
    • 0026064107 scopus 로고
    • Interleukins 1a and 6 and tumor necrosis factor-A are paracrine inhibitors of human melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis
    • Swope VB, Abdel-Malek ZA, Kassem L, Nordlund JJ. Interleukins 1a and 6 and tumor necrosis factor-A are paracrine inhibitors of human melanocyte proliferation and melanogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 1991;96:180-185.
    • (1991) J Invest Dermatol , vol.96 , pp. 180-185
    • Swope, V.B.1    Abdel-Malek, Z.A.2    Kassem, L.3    Nordlund, J.J.4
  • 60
    • 0034604110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of transforming growth factor P in human disease
    • Blobe GC, Schiemann WP, Lodish HF. Role of transforming growth factor P in human disease. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1350-1358.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1350-1358
    • Blobe, G.C.1    Schiemann, W.P.2    Lodish, H.F.3
  • 61
    • 0028670939 scopus 로고
    • Paracrine and autocrine regulation of human melanocyte and melanoma cell growth by transforming growth factor beta in vitro
    • Krasagakis K, Garbe C, Schrier PI, Orfanos CE. Paracrine and autocrine regulation of human melanocyte and melanoma cell growth by transforming growth factor beta in vitro. Anticancer Res 1994;14:2565-2571.
    • (1994) Anticancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 2565-2571
    • Krasagakis, K.1    Garbe, C.2    Schrier, P.I.3    Orfanos, C.E.4
  • 62
    • 0028174775 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of interleukin-1a and P by normal human melanocytes
    • Swope VB, Sauder DN, McKenzie RC, et al. Synthesis of interleukin-1a and P by normal human melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1994;102:749-753.
    • (1994) J Invest Dermatol , vol.102 , pp. 749-753
    • Swope, V.B.1    Sauder, D.N.2    McKenzie, R.C.3
  • 63
    • 0028902719 scopus 로고
    • Long-term proliferation of human melanocytes is supported by the physiologic mitogens a-melanotropin, endothelin-1, and basic fibroblast growth factor
    • Swope VB, Medrano EE, Smalara D, Abdel-Malek Z. Long-term proliferation of human melanocytes is supported by the physiologic mitogens a-melanotropin, endothelin-1, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Exp Cell Res 1995;217:453-459.
    • (1995) Exp Cell Res , vol.217 , pp. 453-459
    • Swope, V.B.1    Medrano, E.E.2    Smalara, D.3    Abdel-Malek, Z.4
  • 64
    • 0029863304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding capacity and activation of the MC1 receptors by melanotropic hormones correlate directly with their mitogenic and melanogenic effects on human melanocytes
    • Suzuki I, Cone R, Im S, Nordlund J, Abdel-Malek Z. Binding capacity and activation of the MC1 receptors by melanotropic hormones correlate directly with their mitogenic and melanogenic effects on human melanocytes. Endocrinology 1996;137:1627-1633.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 1627-1633
    • Suzuki, I.1    Cone, R.2    Im, S.3    Nordlund, J.4    Abdel-Malek, Z.5
  • 65
    • 0031844198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 is a paracrine growth factor that modulates melanogenesis of human melanocytes and participates in their responses to ultraviolet radiation
    • Tada A, Suzuki I, Im S, et al. Endothelin-1 is a paracrine growth factor that modulates melanogenesis of human melanocytes and participates in their responses to ultraviolet radiation. Cell Growth Differ 1998;9:575-584.
    • (1998) Cell Growth Differ , vol.9 , pp. 575-584
    • Tada, A.1    Suzuki, I.2    Im, S.3
  • 66
    • 0020347432 scopus 로고
    • Mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammation
    • Bach MK. Mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammation. Ann Rev in Microbiol 1982;36:371-413.
    • (1982) Ann Rev in Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 371-413
    • Bach, M.K.1
  • 67
    • 0021020690 scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone, prostaglandin A, and retinoic acid modulation of murine and human melanoma cells grown in soft agar
    • Bregman MD, Peters E, Sander D, Meyskens FL Jr. Dexamethasone, prostaglandin A, and retinoic acid modulation of murine and human melanoma cells grown in soft agar. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:927-932.
    • (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.71 , pp. 927-932
    • Bregman, M.D.1    Peters, E.2    Sander, D.3    Meyskens Jr., F.L.4
  • 68
    • 0022542070 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human melanoma growth by prostaglandin A, D and J analogues
    • Bregman MD, Funk C, Fukushima M. Inhibition of human melanoma growth by prostaglandin A, D and J analogues. Cancer Res 1986;46:2740-2744.
    • (1986) Cancer Res , vol.46 , pp. 2740-2744
    • Bregman, M.D.1    Funk, C.2    Fukushima, M.3
  • 69
    • 0023235736 scopus 로고
    • In vitro modulation of proliferation and melanization of S91 melanoma cells by prostaglandins
    • Abdel-Malek Z, Swope VB, Amornsiripanitch N, Nordlund JJ. In vitro modulation of proliferation and melanization of S91 melanoma cells by prostaglandins. Cancer Res 1987;47:3141-3146.
    • (1987) Cancer Res , vol.47 , pp. 3141-3146
    • Abdel-Malek, Z.1    Swope, V.B.2    Amornsiripanitch, N.3    Nordlund, J.J.4
  • 71
    • 0026951195 scopus 로고
    • Melanocyte-stimulating properties of arachidonic acid metabolites: Possible role in postinflammatory pigmentation
    • Tomita Y, Maeda K, Tagami H. Melanocyte-stimulating properties of arachidonic acid metabolites: possible role in postinflammatory pigmentation. Pigment Cell Res 1992;5:357-361.
    • (1992) Pigment Cell Res , vol.5 , pp. 357-361
    • Tomita, Y.1    Maeda, K.2    Tagami, H.3
  • 72
    • 0030985318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay
    • Krey G, Braissant O, L'Horset F, et al. Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:779-791.
    • (1997) Mol Endocrinol , vol.11 , pp. 779-791
    • Krey, G.1    Braissant, O.2    L'Horset, F.3
  • 75
    • 0024433286 scopus 로고
    • Serum-free culture of normal human melanocytes: Growth kinetics and growth factor requirements
    • Pittelkow MR, Shipley GD. Serum-free culture of normal human melanocytes: growth kinetics and growth factor requirements. J Cell Physiol 1989;140:565-576.
    • (1989) J Cell Physiol , vol.140 , pp. 565-576
    • Pittelkow, M.R.1    Shipley, G.D.2
  • 76
    • 0009694659 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cell growth by the basal lamina and plasma factors: Relevance to embryonic control of cell proliferation
    • Sato G, Pardee A, Sirbasku D, eds, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
    • Gospodarowicz D, Cohen DC, Fujii DK. Regulation of cell growth by the basal lamina and plasma factors: relevance to embryonic control of cell proliferation. In: Sato G, Pardee A, Sirbasku D, eds. Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation 9: Growth of Cells in Hormonally Deficient Media. Vol. 9. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1982, pp. 95-124.
    • (1982) Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation 9: Growth of Cells in Hormonally Deficient Media. , vol.9 , pp. 95-124
    • Gospodarowicz, D.1    Cohen, D.C.2    Fujii, D.K.3
  • 77
    • 0021241398 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of a new transforming gene from a chemically transformed human cell line
    • Cooper CS, Park M, Blair DG, et al. Molecular cloning of a new transforming gene from a chemically transformed human cell line. Nature 1984;311:29-33.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.311 , pp. 29-33
    • Cooper, C.S.1    Park, M.2    Blair, D.G.3
  • 78
    • 0022472582 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of met oncogene activation
    • Park M, Dean M, Cooper CS, et al. Mechanism of met oncogene activation. Cell 1986;45:895-904.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.45 , pp. 895-904
    • Park, M.1    Dean, M.2    Cooper, C.S.3
  • 79
    • 0029134104 scopus 로고
    • Essential role for the c-met receptor in the migration of myogenic precursor cells into the limb bud
    • Bladt F, Riethmacher D, Isenmann S, Aguzzi A, Birchmeier C. Essential role for the c-met receptor in the migration of myogenic precursor cells into the limb bud. Nature 1995;376:768-771.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 768-771
    • Bladt, F.1    Riethmacher, D.2    Isenmann, S.3    Aguzzi, A.4    Birchmeier, C.5
  • 80
    • 0026448347 scopus 로고
    • Met and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor signal transduction in normal melanocytes and melanoma cells
    • Halaban R, Rubin JS, Funasaka Y, et al. Met and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor signal transduction in normal melanocytes and melanoma cells. Oncogene 1992;7:2195-2206.
    • (1992) Oncogene , vol.7 , pp. 2195-2206
    • Halaban, R.1    Rubin, J.S.2    Funasaka, Y.3
  • 81
    • 0025001894 scopus 로고
    • Stem cell factor is encoded at the Sl locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit receptor
    • Zsebo KM, Williams DA, Geissler EN, et al. Stem cell factor is encoded at the Sl locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit receptor. Cell 1990;63:213-214.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.63 , pp. 213-214
    • Zsebo, K.M.1    Williams, D.A.2    Geissler, E.N.3
  • 82
    • 0028575457 scopus 로고
    • Stem cell factor, a novel cutaneous growth factor for mast cells and melanocytes [Review]
    • Grabbe J, Welker P, Dippel E, Czarnetzki BM. Stem cell factor, a novel cutaneous growth factor for mast cells and melanocytes [Review]. Arch Dermatol Res 1994;287:78-84.
    • (1994) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.287 , pp. 78-84
    • Grabbe, J.1    Welker, P.2    Dippel, E.3    Czarnetzki, B.M.4
  • 83
    • 0025770583 scopus 로고
    • Expression of c-kit encoded at the W locus of mice in developing embryonic germ cells and presumptive melanoblasts
    • Manova K, Bacharova RF. Expression of c-kit encoded at the W locus of mice in developing embryonic germ cells and presumptive melanoblasts. Dev Biol 1991;146:312-324.
    • (1991) Dev Biol , vol.146 , pp. 312-324
    • Manova, K.1    Bacharova, R.F.2
  • 84
    • 0025850522 scopus 로고
    • Embryonic RNA expression patterns of the c-kit receptor and its cognate ligand suggest multiple functional roles in mouse development
    • Keshet E, Lyman SD, Williams DE, et al. Embryonic RNA expression patterns of the c-kit receptor and its cognate ligand suggest multiple functional roles in mouse development. EMBO J 1991;10:2425-2435.
    • (1991) EMBO J , vol.10 , pp. 2425-2435
    • Keshet, E.1    Lyman, S.D.2    Williams, D.E.3
  • 85
    • 0027812323 scopus 로고
    • The {Ikit} ligand (steel factor) and its receptor {Ic-kit/W}: Pleiotropic roles in gametogenesis and melanogenesis
    • Besmer P, Manova K, Duttlinger R, et al. The {Ikit} ligand (steel factor) and its receptor {Ic-kit/W}: pleiotropic roles in gametogenesis and melanogenesis. Development 1993;(suppl):125-137.
    • (1993) Development , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 125-137
    • Besmer, P.1    Manova, K.2    Duttlinger, R.3
  • 86
    • 0025940323 scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor) proto-oncogene in human piebaldism
    • Giebel LB, Spritz RA. Mutation of the KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor) proto-oncogene in human piebaldism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:8696-8699.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 8696-8699
    • Giebel, L.B.1    Spritz, R.A.2
  • 87
    • 0027102715 scopus 로고
    • C-Kit-Kinase induces a cascade of protein tyrosine phospho-rylation in normal human melanocytes in response to mast cell growth factor and stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase but is down-regulated in melanomas
    • Funasaka Y, Boulton T, Cobb M, et al. c-Kit-Kinase induces a cascade of protein tyrosine phospho-rylation in normal human melanocytes in response to mast cell growth factor and stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase but is down-regulated in melanomas. Mol Biol Cell 1992;3:197-209.
    • (1992) Mol Biol Cell , vol.3 , pp. 197-209
    • Funasaka, Y.1    Boulton, T.2    Cobb, M.3
  • 88
    • 0031927710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SCF/KIT pathway plays a critical role in the control of normal human melanocyte homeostasis
    • Grichnik JM, Burch JA, Burchette J, Shea CR. The SCF/KIT pathway plays a critical role in the control of normal human melanocyte homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:233-238.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.111 , pp. 233-238
    • Grichnik, J.M.1    Burch, J.A.2    Burchette, J.3    Shea, C.R.4
  • 89
    • 0028376160 scopus 로고
    • Stem cell factor regulates human melanocyte-matrix interaction
    • Scott G, Ewing J, Ryan D, Abboud C. Stem cell factor regulates human melanocyte-matrix interaction. Pigment Cell Res 1994;7:44-51.
    • (1994) Pigment Cell Res , vol.7 , pp. 44-51
    • Scott, G.1    Ewing, J.2    Ryan, D.3    Abboud, C.4
  • 90
    • 0030155850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell factor regulates the melanocyte cytoskeleton
    • Scott G, Liang H, Luthra D. Stem cell factor regulates the melanocyte cytoskeleton. Pigment Cell Res 1996;9:134-141.
    • (1996) Pigment Cell Res , vol.9 , pp. 134-141
    • Scott, G.1    Liang, H.2    Luthra, D.3
  • 91
    • 0030765620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor: Its significance in cutaneous biology
    • Pincelli C, Yaar M. Nerve growth factor: its significance in cutaneous biology. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 1997;2:31-36.
    • (1997) J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc , vol.2 , pp. 31-36
    • Pincelli, C.1    Yaar, M.2
  • 93
    • 0027984808 scopus 로고
    • Endothelins: Molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology
    • Rubanyi GM, Polokoff MA. Endothelins: molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacol Rev 1994;46:325-415.
    • (1994) Pharmacol Rev , vol.46 , pp. 325-415
    • Rubanyi, G.M.1    Polokoff, M.A.2
  • 94
    • 0028609612 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of endothelin-3 with endothelin-B receptor is essential for development of epidermal melanocytes and enteric neurons
    • Baynash AG, Hosoda K, Giaid A, et al. Interaction of endothelin-3 with endothelin-B receptor is essential for development of epidermal melanocytes and enteric neurons. Cell 1994;79:1277-1285.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 1277-1285
    • Baynash, A.G.1    Hosoda, K.2    Giaid, A.3
  • 95
    • 0029670689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signalling mechanisms of endothelin-induced mitogenesis and melanogenesis in human melanocytes
    • Imokawa G, Yada Y, Kimura M. Signalling mechanisms of endothelin-induced mitogenesis and melanogenesis in human melanocytes. Biochem J 1996;314:305-312.
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.314 , pp. 305-312
    • Imokawa, G.1    Yada, Y.2    Kimura, M.3
  • 96
    • 0034806070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EDNRB/EDN3 and Hirschsprung disease type II
    • McCallion AS, Chakravarti A. EDNRB/EDN3 and Hirschsprung disease type II. Pigment Cell Res 2001;14:161-169.
    • (2001) Pigment Cell Res , vol.14 , pp. 161-169
    • McCallion, A.S.1    Chakravarti, A.2
  • 98
    • 0038044725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endothelin receptor-B is required for the migration of neural crest-derived melanocyte and enteric neuron precursors
    • Lee HO, Levorse JM, Shin MK. The endothelin receptor-B is required for the migration of neural crest-derived melanocyte and enteric neuron precursors. Dev Biol 2003;259:162-175.
    • (2003) Dev Biol , vol.259 , pp. 162-175
    • Lee, H.O.1    Levorse, J.M.2    Shin, M.K.3
  • 99
    • 0013543367 scopus 로고
    • The human endothelin family: Three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes
    • Inoue A, Yanagisawa M, Kimura S, et al. The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:2863-2867.
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.86 , pp. 2863-2867
    • Inoue, A.1    Yanagisawa, M.2    Kimura, S.3
  • 100
    • 0028618372 scopus 로고
    • A missense mutation of the endothelin-B receptor gene in multigenic Hirschsprung's disease
    • Puffenberger EG, Hosoda K, Washington SS, et al. A missense mutation of the endothelin-B receptor gene in multigenic Hirschsprung's disease. Cell 1994;79:1257-1266.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 1257-1266
    • Puffenberger, E.G.1    Hosoda, K.2    Washington, S.S.3
  • 102
    • 0037826939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulations of nerve growth factor and Bcl-2 in ultraviolet-irradiated human epidermis
    • Stefanato CM, Yaar M, Bhawan J, et al. Modulations of nerve growth factor and Bcl-2 in ultraviolet-irradiated human epidermis. J Cutan Pathol 2003;30:351-357.
    • (2003) J Cutan Pathol , vol.30 , pp. 351-357
    • Stefanato, C.M.1    Yaar, M.2    Bhawan, J.3
  • 103
    • 0035725126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurosensory tachykinins substance P and neurokinin A directly induce keratinocyte nerve growth factor
    • Burbach GJ, Kim KH, Zivony AS, et al. The neurosensory tachykinins substance P and neurokinin A directly induce keratinocyte nerve growth factor. J Invest Dermatol 2001;117:1075-1082.
    • (2001) J Invest Dermatol , vol.117 , pp. 1075-1082
    • Burbach, G.J.1    Kim, K.H.2    Zivony, A.S.3
  • 105
    • 0036151098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA prior to tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, dopachrome tautomerase, Pmel-17/gp100, and P-protein mRNA in human skin after ultraviolet B irradiation
    • Suzuki I, Kato T, Motokawa T, Tomita Y, Nakamura E, Katagiri T. Increase of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA prior to tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, dopachrome tautomerase, Pmel-17/gp100, and P-protein mRNA in human skin after ultraviolet B irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 2002;118:73-78.
    • (2002) J Invest Dermatol , vol.118 , pp. 73-78
    • Suzuki, I.1    Kato, T.2    Motokawa, T.3    Tomita, Y.4    Nakamura, E.5    Katagiri, T.6
  • 107
    • 0002674477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proopiomelanocortin and the melanocortin peptides
    • Cone RD, ed, Humana, Totowa, NJ
    • Eberle AN. Proopiomelanocortin and the melanocortin peptides. In: Cone RD, ed. The Melanocortin Receptors. Humana, Totowa, NJ, 2000, pp. 3-67.
    • (2000) The Melanocortin Receptors , pp. 3-67
    • Eberle, A.N.1
  • 108
    • 0027193619 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian paired basic amino acid convertases of prohormones and proproteins
    • Seidah NG, Day R, Marcinkiewicz M, Chretien M. Mammalian paired basic amino acid convertases of prohormones and proproteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;680:135-146.
    • (1993) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.680 , pp. 135-146
    • Seidah, N.G.1    Day, R.2    Marcinkiewicz, M.3    Chretien, M.4
  • 109
    • 0035081809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin receptors: Their functions and regulation by physiological agonists and antagonists
    • Abdel-Malek ZA. Melanocortin receptors: their functions and regulation by physiological agonists and antagonists. Cell Mol Life Sci 2001;58:434-441.
    • (2001) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.58 , pp. 434-441
    • Abdel-Malek, Z.A.1
  • 110
    • 0000550995 scopus 로고
    • A-Melanocyte stimulating hormone: Chemical nature and mechanism of action
    • Sawyer TK, Hruby VJ, Hadley ME, Engel MH. a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone: chemical nature and mechanism of action. Am Zool 1983;23:529-540.
    • (1983) Am Zool , vol.23 , pp. 529-540
    • Sawyer, T.K.1    Hruby, V.J.2    Hadley, M.E.3    Engel, M.H.4
  • 111
  • 112
    • 0024562277 scopus 로고
    • A-Melanotropin: The minimal active sequence in the lizard skin bioassay
    • Castrucci AML, Hadley ME, Sawyer TK, et al. a-Melanotropin: the minimal active sequence in the lizard skin bioassay. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1989;73:157-163.
    • (1989) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.73 , pp. 157-163
    • Aml, C.1    Hadley, M.E.2    Sawyer, T.K.3
  • 113
    • 0033214075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elasmobranch color change: A short review and novel data on hormone regulation
    • Visconti MA, Ramanzini GC, Camargo CR, Castrucci AM. Elasmobranch color change: a short review and novel data on hormone regulation. J Exp Zool 1999;284:485-491.
    • (1999) J Exp Zool , vol.284 , pp. 485-491
    • Visconti, M.A.1    Ramanzini, G.C.2    Camargo, C.R.3    Castrucci, A.M.4
  • 114
    • 0015455845 scopus 로고
    • The effect of melanocyte-stimulating hormone on coat color in the mouse
    • Geschwind II, Huseby RA, Nishioka R. The effect of melanocyte-stimulating hormone on coat color in the mouse. Rec Prog Hormone Res 1972;28:91-130.
    • (1972) Rec Prog Hormone Res , vol.28 , pp. 91-130
    • Geschwind, I.I.1    Huseby, R.A.2    Nishioka, R.3
  • 115
    • 0026800892 scopus 로고
    • The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors
    • Mountjoy KG, Robbins LS, Mortrud MT, Cone RD. The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science 1992;257:1248-1251.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 1248-1251
    • Mountjoy, K.G.1    Robbins, L.S.2    Mortrud, M.T.3    Cone, R.D.4
  • 116
    • 0026731363 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA
    • Chhajlani V, Wikberg JES. Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett 1992;309:417-420.
    • (1992) FEBS Lett , vol.309 , pp. 417-420
    • Chhajlani, V.1    Wikberg, J.E.S.2
  • 117
    • 0028981255 scopus 로고
    • 7 a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone increases the eumelanin:phaeomelanin ratio in cultured human melanocytes
    • 7 a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone increases the eumelanin: phaeomelanin ratio in cultured human melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1995;104:83-85.
    • (1995) J Invest Dermatol , vol.104 , pp. 83-85
    • Hunt, G.1    Kyne, S.2    Wakamatsu, K.3    Ito, S.4    Thody, A.J.5
  • 119
    • 18744402160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the human melanocortin 1 receptor expression in epidermal melanocytes by paracrine and endocrine factors, and by UV radiation
    • Scott MC, Suzuki I, Abdel-Malek ZA. Regulation of the human melanocortin 1 receptor expression in epidermal melanocytes by paracrine and endocrine factors, and by UV radiation. Pigment Cell Res 2002;15:433-439.
    • (2002) Pigment Cell Res , vol.15 , pp. 433-439
    • Scott, M.C.1    Suzuki, I.2    Abdel-Malek, Z.A.3
  • 120
    • 0021206553 scopus 로고
    • Action of the e locus of mice in the response of phaeomelanic hair follicles to a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in vitro
    • Tamate HB, Takeuchi T. Action of the e locus of mice in the response of phaeomelanic hair follicles to a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in vitro. Science 1984;224:1241-1242.
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , pp. 1241-1242
    • Tamate, H.B.1    Takeuchi, T.2
  • 121
    • 0027413475 scopus 로고
    • Pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter MSH receptor function
    • Robbins LS, Nadeau JH, Johnson KR, et al. Pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter MSH receptor function. Cell 1993;72:827-834.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.72 , pp. 827-834
    • Robbins, L.S.1    Nadeau, J.H.2    Johnson, K.R.3
  • 122
    • 0035064572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The melanocortin 1 receptor is the principal mediator of the effects of agouti signaling protein on mammalian melanocytes
    • Abdel-Malek ZA, Scott MC, Furumura M, et al. The melanocortin 1 receptor is the principal mediator of the effects of agouti signaling protein on mammalian melanocytes. J Cell Sci 2001;114:1019-1024.
    • (2001) J Cell Sci , vol.114 , pp. 1019-1024
    • Abdel-Malek, Z.A.1    Scott, M.C.2    Furumura, M.3
  • 123
    • 0028102898 scopus 로고
    • The agouti gene: Turned on to yellow
    • Siracusa LD. The agouti gene: turned on to yellow. Trends Genet 1994;10:423-428.
    • (1994) Trends Genet , vol.10 , pp. 423-428
    • Siracusa, L.D.1
  • 124
    • 0027985178 scopus 로고
    • Molecular structure and chromosomal mapping of the human homolog of the agouti gene
    • Kwon HY, Bultman SJ, Loffler C, et al. Molecular structure and chromosomal mapping of the human homolog of the agouti gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:9760-9764.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 9760-9764
    • Kwon, H.Y.1    Bultman, S.J.2    Loffler, C.3
  • 126
    • 0030970586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti signaling protein inhibits melanogenesis and the response of human melanocytes to a-melanotropin
    • Suzuki I, Tada A, Ollmann MM, et al. Agouti signaling protein inhibits melanogenesis and the response of human melanocytes to a-melanotropin. J Invest Dermatol 1997;108:838-842.
    • (1997) J Invest Dermatol , vol.108 , pp. 838-842
    • Suzuki, I.1    Tada, A.2    Ollmann, M.M.3
  • 127
    • 0034876264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polymorphism study of the human Agouti gene and its association with MC1R
    • Voisey J, Box NF, van Daal A. A polymorphism study of the human Agouti gene and its association with MC1R. Pigment Cell Res 2001;14:264-267.
    • (2001) Pigment Cell Res , vol.14 , pp. 264-267
    • Voisey, J.1    Box, N.F.2    Van Daal, A.3
  • 129
    • 0033927855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for variable selective pressures at MC1R
    • Harding RM, Healy E, Ray AJ, et al. Evidence for variable selective pressures at MC1R. Am J Hum Genet 2000;66:1351-1361.
    • (2000) Am J Hum Genet , vol.66 , pp. 1351-1361
    • Harding, R.M.1    Healy, E.2    Ray, A.J.3
  • 130
    • 0030782275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair
    • Box NF, Wyeth JR, O'Gorman LE, Martin NG, Sturm RA. Characterization of melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor variant alleles in twins with red hair. Hum Mol Genet 1997;6:1891-1897.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 1891-1897
    • Box, N.F.1    Wyeth, J.R.2    O'Gorman, L.E.3    Martin, N.G.4    Sturm, R.A.5
  • 131
    • 7144254441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin 1 receptor variants in Irish population
    • Smith R, Healy E, Siddiqui S, et al. Melanocortin 1 receptor variants in Irish population. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:119-122.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.111 , pp. 119-122
    • Smith, R.1    Healy, E.2    Siddiqui, S.3
  • 132
    • 0033910271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-1 receptor polymorphisms and risk of melanoma: Is the association explained solely by pigmentation phenotype?
    • Palmer JS, Duffy DL, Box NF, et al. Melanocortin-1 receptor polymorphisms and risk of melanoma: is the association explained solely by pigmentation phenotype? Am J Hum Genet 2000;66:176-186.
    • (2000) Am J Hum Genet , vol.66 , pp. 176-186
    • Palmer, J.S.1    Duffy, D.L.2    Box, N.F.3
  • 133
    • 0035068231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-1 receptor gene variants determine the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer independent of fair skin type and red hair
    • Bastiaens MT, ter Huurne JAC, Kielich C, et al. Melanocortin-1 receptor gene variants determine the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer independent of fair skin type and red hair. Am J Hum Genet 2001;68:884-894.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.68 , pp. 884-894
    • Bastiaens, M.T.1    Huurne Jac, T.2    Kielich, C.3
  • 134
    • 0036591966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human melanocortin 1 receptor variants, receptor function and melanocyte response to ultraviolet radiation
    • Scott MC, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, et al. Human melanocortin 1 receptor variants, receptor function and melanocyte response to ultraviolet radiation. J Cell Sci 2002;115:2349-2355.
    • (2002) J Cell Sci , vol.115 , pp. 2349-2355
    • Scott, M.C.1    Wakamatsu, K.2    Ito, S.3
  • 135
    • 1242307966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of MC1R and OCA2 on melanoma risk phenotypes
    • Duffy DL, Box NF, Chen W, et al. Interactive effects of MC1R and OCA2 on melanoma risk phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2004;13:447-461.
    • (2004) Hum Mol Genet , vol.13 , pp. 447-461
    • Duffy, D.L.1    Box, N.F.2    Chen, W.3
  • 137
    • 2642530103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression and activation of protease-activated receptor-2 correlate with skin color
    • Babiarz-Magee L, Chen N, Seiberg M, Lin CB. The expression and activation of protease-activated receptor-2 correlate with skin color. Pigment Cell Res 2004;17:241-251.
    • (2004) Pigment Cell Res , vol.17 , pp. 241-251
    • Babiarz-Magee, L.1    Chen, N.2    Seiberg, M.3    Lin, C.B.4
  • 138
    • 0020565091 scopus 로고
    • Photocarcinogenesis, skin cancer and aging
    • Epstein JH. Photocarcinogenesis, skin cancer and aging. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:487-502.
    • (1983) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.9 , pp. 487-502
    • Epstein, J.H.1
  • 139
    • 0346786217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of hair and skin color
    • Rees JL. Genetics of hair and skin color. Annu Rev Genet 2003;37:67-90.
    • (2003) Annu Rev Genet , vol.37 , pp. 67-90
    • Rees, J.L.1
  • 140
    • 0038380474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV-induced DNA damage and melanin content in human skin differing in racial/ethnic origin
    • April 8, 2003;express article 10.1096/fj.02-0865fje
    • Tadokoro T, Kobayashi N, Zmudzka BZ, et al. UV-induced DNA damage and melanin content in human skin differing in racial/ethnic origin. FASEB J 2003 [online]. April 8, 2003;express article 10.1096/fj.02-0865fje.
    • (2003) FASEB J
    • Tadokoro, T.1    Kobayashi, N.2    Zmudzka, B.Z.3
  • 141
    • 0029086678 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the responses of human melanocytes with different melanin contents to ultraviolet B irradiation
    • Barker D, Dixon K, Medrano EE, et al. Comparison of the responses of human melanocytes with different melanin contents to ultraviolet B irradiation. Cancer Res 1995;55:4041-4046.
    • (1995) Cancer Res , vol.55 , pp. 4041-4046
    • Barker, D.1    Dixon, K.2    Medrano, E.E.3
  • 142
    • 0025719491 scopus 로고
    • A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma
    • Brash DE, Rudolph JA, Simon JA, et al. A role for sunlight in skin cancer: UV-induced p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:10, 124-10, 128.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 10124-10128
    • Brash, D.E.1    Rudolph, J.A.2    Simon, J.A.3
  • 143
    • 0028596185 scopus 로고
    • Sunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer
    • Ziegler A, Jonason AS, Leffell DJ, et al. Sunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer. Nature 1994;372:773-776.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 773-776
    • Ziegler, A.1    Jonason, A.S.2    Leffell, D.J.3
  • 144
    • 0029147195 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for u.v. induction of CDKN2 mutations in melanoma cell lines
    • Pollock PM, Yu F, Qiu L, Parsons PG, Hayward NK. Evidence for u.v. induction of CDKN2 mutations in melanoma cell lines. Oncogene 1995;11:663-668.
    • (1995) Oncogene , vol.11 , pp. 663-668
    • Pollock, P.M.1    Yu, F.2    Qiu, L.3    Parsons, P.G.4    Hayward, N.K.5
  • 145
    • 0029658666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of the p16INK4a and p15INK4b genes, as well as neighboring 9p21 markers, in sporadic melanoma
    • Flores JF, Walker GJ, Glendening JM, et al. Loss of the p16INK4a and p15INK4b genes, as well as neighboring 9p21 markers, in sporadic melanoma. Cancer Res 1996;56:5023-5032.
    • (1996) Cancer Res , vol.56 , pp. 5023-5032
    • Flores, J.F.1    Walker, G.J.2    Glendening, J.M.3
  • 147
    • 0035470725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanin offers protection against induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts by UVB in cultured human melanocytes
    • Smit NPM, Vink AA, Kolb RM, et al. Melanin offers protection against induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts by UVB in cultured human melanocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2001;74:424-430.
    • (2001) Photochem Photobiol , vol.74 , pp. 424-430
    • Npm, S.1    Vink, A.A.2    Kolb, R.M.3
  • 148
    • 0035049360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The paracrine role of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling in the activation of human melanocytes in ultraviolet-B-induced pigmentation
    • Hachiya A, Kobayashi A, Ohuchi A, Takema Y, Imokawa G. The paracrine role of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling in the activation of human melanocytes in ultraviolet-B-induced pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2001;116:578-586.
    • (2001) J Invest Dermatol , vol.116 , pp. 578-586
    • Hachiya, A.1    Kobayashi, A.2    Ohuchi, A.3    Takema, Y.4    Imokawa, G.5
  • 149
    • 1842473620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autocrine and paracrine regulation of melanocytes in human skin and in pigmentary disorders
    • Imokawa G. Autocrine and paracrine regulation of melanocytes in human skin and in pigmentary disorders. Pigment Cell Res 2004;17:96-110.
    • (2004) Pigment Cell Res , vol.17 , pp. 96-110
    • Imokawa, G.1
  • 151
    • 0023391976 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 1 gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes is augmented by ultraviolet irradiation
    • Kupper TS, Chua AO, Flood P, McGuire J, Gubler U. Interleukin 1 gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes is augmented by ultraviolet irradiation. J Clin Invest 1987;80:430-436.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.80 , pp. 430-436
    • Kupper, T.S.1    Chua, A.O.2    Flood, P.3    McGuire, J.4    Gubler, U.5
  • 152
    • 0028984317 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 as a new melanogen: Coordinated expression of its gene and the tyrosinase gene in UVB-exposed human epidermis
    • Imokawa G, Miyagishi M, Yada Y. Endothelin-1 as a new melanogen: coordinated expression of its gene and the tyrosinase gene in UVB-exposed human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1995;105:32-37.
    • (1995) J Invest Dermatol , vol.105 , pp. 32-37
    • Imokawa, G.1    Miyagishi, M.2    Yada, Y.3
  • 153
    • 0031963866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the cAMP pathway by a-melanotropin mediates the response of human melanocytes to UVB light
    • Im S, Moro O, Peng F, et al. Activation of the cAMP pathway by a-melanotropin mediates the response of human melanocytes to UVB light. Cancer Res 1998;58:47-54.
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 47-54
    • Im, S.1    Moro, O.2    Peng, F.3
  • 154
    • 0034787514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dilute locus and Griscelli syndrome: Gateways towards a better understanding of melanosome transport
    • Westbroek W, Lambert J, Naeyaert JM. The dilute locus and Griscelli syndrome: gateways towards a better understanding of melanosome transport. Pigment Cell Res 2001;14:320-327.
    • (2001) Pigment Cell Res , vol.14 , pp. 320-327
    • Westbroek, W.1    Lambert, J.2    Naeyaert, J.M.3
  • 155
    • 0034627837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protease-activated receptor-2 regulates pigmentation via keratinocyte-melanocyte interactions
    • Seiberg M, Paine C, Sharlow E, et al. The protease-activated receptor-2 regulates pigmentation via keratinocyte-melanocyte interactions. Exp Cell Res 2000;254:25-32.
    • (2000) Exp Cell Res , vol.254 , pp. 25-32
    • Seiberg, M.1    Paine, C.2    Sharlow, E.3
  • 156
    • 0033870562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of melanosome transfer results in skin lightening
    • Seiberg M, Paine C, Sharlow E, et al. Inhibition of melanosome transfer results in skin lightening. J Invest Dermatol 2000;115:162-167.
    • (2000) J Invest Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 162-167
    • Seiberg, M.1    Paine, C.2    Sharlow, E.3
  • 157
    • 0035678081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protease-activated receptor 2, a receptor involved in melanosome transfer, is upregulated in human skin by ultraviolet irradiation
    • Scott G, Deng A, Rodriguez-Burford C, et al. Protease-activated receptor 2, a receptor involved in melanosome transfer, is upregulated in human skin by ultraviolet irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 2001;117:1412-1420.
    • (2001) J Invest Dermatol , vol.117 , pp. 1412-1420
    • Scott, G.1    Deng, A.2    Rodriguez-Burford, C.3
  • 158
    • 0036784366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rac and rho: The story behind melanocyte dendrite formation
    • Scott G. Rac and rho: the story behind melanocyte dendrite formation. Pigment Cell Res 2002; 15:322-330.
    • (2002) Pigment Cell Res , vol.15 , pp. 322-330
    • Scott, G.1
  • 160
    • 0028955865 scopus 로고
    • Human melanocytes and melanoma cells constitutively express the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in situ and in cell culture
    • Plettenberg A, Ballaun C, Pammer J, et al. Human melanocytes and melanoma cells constitutively express the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in situ and in cell culture. Am J Pathol 1995;146:651-659.
    • (1995) Am J Pathol , vol.146 , pp. 651-659
    • Plettenberg, A.1    Ballaun, C.2    Pammer, J.3
  • 161
    • 84891399539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel role for the paracrine factors endothelin-1 and alpha-melanocortin as survival factors for human melanocytes
    • (Abstract)
    • Kadekaro AL, Kanto H, Kavanagh RJ, Schwemberger S, Babcock G, Abdel-Malek ZA. A novel role for the paracrine factors endothelin-1 and alpha-melanocortin as survival factors for human melanocytes. Pigment Cell Res 2003;16: 416(Abstract).
    • (2003) Pigment Cell Res , vol.16 , pp. 416
    • Kadekaro, A.L.1    Kanto, H.2    Kavanagh, R.J.3    Schwemberger, S.4    Babcock, G.5    Abdel-Malek, Z.A.6
  • 162
    • 5044240701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PI3K mediates protection against TRAIL-induced apoptosis in primary human melanocytes
    • Larribere L, Khaled M, Tartare-Deckert S, et al. PI3K mediates protection against TRAIL-induced apoptosis in primary human melanocytes. Cell Death Differ 2004.
    • (2004) Cell Death Differ
    • Larribere, L.1    Khaled, M.2    Tartare-Deckert, S.3
  • 163
    • 20144377250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A-Melanocortin and endothelin-1 activate antiapoptotic pathways and reduce DNA damage in human melanocytes
    • Kadekaro AL, Kavanagh R, Kanto H, et al. a-Melanocortin and endothelin-1 activate antiapoptotic pathways and reduce DNA damage in human melanocytes. Cancer Res 2005;65:4292-4299.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 4292-4299
    • Kadekaro, A.L.1    Kavanagh, R.2    Kanto, H.3
  • 165
    • 0030702123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery
    • Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, et al. Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery. Cell 1997;91:231-241.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 231-241
    • Datta, S.R.1    Dudek, H.2    Tao, X.3
  • 166
    • 0034646644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt/protein kinase B up-regulates Bcl-2 expression through cAMP-response element-binding protein
    • Pugazhenthi S, Nesterova A, Sable C, et al. Akt/protein kinase B up-regulates Bcl-2 expression through cAMP-response element-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2000;275:10, 761-10, 766.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 10761-10766
    • Pugazhenthi, S.1    Nesterova, A.2    Sable, C.3
  • 167
    • 0032484206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone signaling regulates expression of microphthalmia, a gene deficient in Waardenburg syndrome
    • Price ER, Horstmann MA, Wells AG, et al. a-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone signaling regulates expression of microphthalmia, a gene deficient in Waardenburg syndrome. J Biol Chem 1998;273: 33, 042-33, 047.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 33042-33047
    • Price, E.R.1    Horstmann, M.A.2    Wells, A.G.3
  • 168
    • 18444418797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl2 regulation by the melanocyte master regulator Mitf modulates lineage survival and melanoma cell viability
    • McGill GG, Horstmann M, Widlund HR, et al. Bcl2 regulation by the melanocyte master regulator Mitf modulates lineage survival and melanoma cell viability. Cell 2002;109:707-718.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109 , pp. 707-718
    • McGill, G.G.1    Horstmann, M.2    Widlund, H.R.3
  • 169
    • 1442307845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer risks for male carriers of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: A review of the literature
    • Liede A, Karlan BY, Narod SA. Cancer risks for male carriers of germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: a review of the literature. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:735-742.
    • (2004) J Clin Oncol , vol.22 , pp. 735-742
    • Liede, A.1    Karlan, B.Y.2    Narod, S.A.3
  • 170
    • 0031466027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAD51 interacts with the evolutionarily conserved BRC motifs in the human breast cancer susceptibility gene brca2
    • Wong AK, Pero R, Ormonde PA, Tavtigian SV, Bartel PL. RAD51 interacts with the evolutionarily conserved BRC motifs in the human breast cancer susceptibility gene brca2. J Biol Chem 1997;272:31, 941-31, 944.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 31941-31944
    • Wong, A.K.1    Pero, R.2    Ormonde, P.A.3    Tavtigian, S.V.4    Bartel, P.L.5
  • 171
    • 0032574733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BRC repeats in BRCA2 are critical for RAD51 binding and resistance to methyl methanesulfonate treatment
    • Chen PL, Chen CF, Chen Y, Xiao J, Sharp ZD, Lee WH. The BRC repeats in BRCA2 are critical for RAD51 binding and resistance to methyl methanesulfonate treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:5287-5292.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 5287-5292
    • Chen, P.L.1    Chen, C.F.2    Chen, Y.3    Xiao, J.4    Sharp, Z.D.5    Lee, W.H.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.