메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 2633-2646

The termination of the 1997-98 El Niño. Part I: Mechanisms of oceanic change

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; SOLAR RADIATION; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WIND;

EID: 33745947582     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3776.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (63)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0016548476 scopus 로고
    • Spin-up of a stratified ocean with applications to upwelling
    • Anderson, D. L. T., and A. E. Gill, 1976: Spin-up of a stratified ocean with applications to upwelling. Deep-Sea Res., 22, 583-596.
    • (1976) Deep-Sea Res. , vol.22 , pp. 583-596
    • Anderson, D.L.T.1    Gill, A.E.2
  • 2
    • 0022835466 scopus 로고
    • Ocean variability in relation to living resources during the 1982/83 El Niño
    • Barber, R. T., and F. P. Chavez, 1986: Ocean variability in relation to living resources during the 1982/83 El Niño. Nature, 319, 279-285.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 279-285
    • Barber, R.T.1    Chavez, F.P.2
  • 3
    • 0010387656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecast during the 1997-98 El Niño episode and the 1998 La Niña onset
    • Barnston, A. G., M. H. Glantz, and Y. He, 1999: Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecast during the 1997-98 El Niño episode and the 1998 La Niña onset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 217-243.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 217-243
    • Barnston, A.G.1    Glantz, M.H.2    He, Y.3
  • 4
    • 0024831079 scopus 로고
    • Internal variability in a tropical atmosphere-ocean model: Influence of basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity
    • Battisti, D. S., and A. C. Hirst, 1989: Internal variability in a tropical atmosphere-ocean model: Influence of basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1687-1712.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1687-1712
    • Battisti, D.S.1    Hirst, A.C.2
  • 5
    • 0000619110 scopus 로고
    • A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies in ocean temperature
    • Bjerknes, J., 1966: A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies in ocean temperature. Tellus, 18, 820-829.
    • (1966) Tellus , vol.18 , pp. 820-829
    • Bjerknes, J.1
  • 6
    • 0000397542 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific
    • Bjerknes, J., 1969: Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 163-172.
    • (1969) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.97 , pp. 163-172
    • Bjerknes, J.1
  • 7
    • 0032965959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long equatorial wave reflection in the Pacific Ocean from TOPEX/POSEIDON data during the 1992-1998 period
    • Boulanger, J.-P., and C. Menkes, 1999: Long equatorial wave reflection in the Pacific Ocean from TOPEX/POSEIDON data during the 1992-1998 period. Climate Dyn., 15, 205-225.
    • (1999) Climate Dyn. , vol.15 , pp. 205-225
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Menkes, C.2
  • 8
    • 0001621548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Trident Pacific model. Part 2: Role of long equatorial wave reflection on sea surface temperature anomalies during 1993-1998 TOPEX/POSEIDON period
    • Boulanger, J.-P., and C. Menkes, 2001: The Trident Pacific model. Part 2: Role of long equatorial wave reflection on sea surface temperature anomalies during 1993-1998 TOPEX/POSEIDON period. Climate Dyn., 17, 175-186.
    • (2001) Climate Dyn. , vol.17 , pp. 175-186
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Menkes, C.2
  • 9
    • 1642562803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflected and locally wind-forced interannual equatorial Kelvin waves in the western Pacific Ocean
    • doi:10.1029/2002JC001760
    • Boulanger, J.-P., S. Cravatte, and C. Menkes, 2003: Reflected and locally wind-forced interannual equatorial Kelvin waves in the western Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3311, doi:10.1029/2002JC001760.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 3311
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Cravatte, S.2    Menkes, C.3
  • 10
    • 2142769807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of high- and low-frequency winds and wave reflection in the onset, growth and termination of the 1997-1998 El Niño
    • Boulanger, J.-P., C. Menkes, and M. Lengaigne, 2004: Role of high- and low-frequency winds and wave reflection in the onset, growth and termination of the 1997-1998 El Niño. Climate Dyn., 22, 267-280.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn. , vol.22 , pp. 267-280
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Menkes, C.2    Lengaigne, M.3
  • 11
    • 0008374650 scopus 로고
    • Forced baroclinic motions 1. Linear equatorial unbounded case
    • Cane, M. A., 1977: Forced baroclinic motions 1. Linear equatorial unbounded case. J. Mar. Res., 34, 629-665.
    • (1977) J. Mar. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 629-665
    • Cane, M.A.1
  • 12
    • 0020918960 scopus 로고
    • Oceanographic events during El Niño
    • Cane, M. A., 1983: Oceanographic events during El Niño. Science, 222, 1189-1194.
    • (1983) Science , vol.222 , pp. 1189-1194
    • Cane, M.A.1
  • 13
    • 0032193173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological-physical coupling in the central equatorial Pacific during the onset of the 1997-98 El Niño
    • Chavez, F. P., P. G. Strutton, and M. J. McPhaden, 1998: Biological-physical coupling in the central equatorial Pacific during the onset of the 1997-98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3543-3546.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 3543-3546
    • Chavez, F.P.1    Strutton, P.G.2    McPhaden, M.J.3
  • 14
    • 0034483320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equatorial waves and warm pool displacements during the 1992-1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation events: Observation and modeling
    • Delcroix, T., B. Dewitte, Y. duPenhoat, F. Masia, and J. Picaut, 2000: Equatorial waves and warm pool displacements during the 1992-1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation events: Observation and modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 105 (C11), 26 045-26 062.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.C11 , pp. 26045-26062
    • Delcroix, T.1    Dewitte, B.2    duPenhoat, Y.3    Masia, F.4    Picaut, J.5
  • 15
    • 0005793109 scopus 로고
    • Climatic teleconnections in the western South Pacific with El Niño phenomenon
    • Donguy, J. R., and C. Henin, 1980: Climatic teleconnections in the western South Pacific with El Niño phenomenon. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 1952-1958.
    • (1980) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.10 , pp. 1952-1958
    • Donguy, J.R.1    Henin, C.2
  • 16
    • 0343473544 scopus 로고
    • The description of the ECMWF/WCRP level III-A global atmospheric data archive
    • ECMWF, Technical Attachment, [Available from ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom.]
    • ECMWF, 1989: The description of the ECMWF/WCRP level III-A global atmospheric data archive. Technical Attachment, 72 pp. [Available from ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom.]
    • (1989) , pp. 72
  • 17
    • 0026288125 scopus 로고
    • Eastern equatorial Pacific response to three composite westerly wind types
    • Giese, B. S., and D. E. Harrison, 1991: Eastern equatorial Pacific response to three composite westerly wind types. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (Suppl.), 3239-3248.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 3239-3248
    • Giese, B.S.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 18
    • 0038338174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for ENSO phase change in a coupled GCM
    • Guilyardi, E., P. Delecleuse, S. Gualdi, and A. Navarra, 2003: Mechanisms for ENSO phase change in a coupled GCM. J. Climate, 16, 1141-1158.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 1141-1158
    • Guilyardi, E.1    Delecleuse, P.2    Gualdi, S.3    Navarra, A.4
  • 19
    • 0023526114 scopus 로고
    • Monthly mean island surface winds in the central tropical Pacific and El Niño
    • Harrison, D. E., 1987: Monthly mean island surface winds in the central tropical Pacific and El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 3133-3145.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 3133-3145
    • Harrison, D.E.1
  • 20
    • 0001824082 scopus 로고
    • On climatological monthly mean wind stress and wind stress curl fields over the world ocean
    • Harrison, D. E., 1989: On climatological monthly mean wind stress and wind stress curl fields over the world ocean. J. Climate, 2, 57-70.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 57-70
    • Harrison, D.E.1
  • 21
    • 0001042381 scopus 로고
    • Equatorial sea surface temperature sensitivity to net surface heat flux: Some ocean circulation model results
    • Harrison, D. E., 1991: Equatorial sea surface temperature sensitivity to net surface heat flux: Some ocean circulation model results. J. Climate, 4, 539-549.
    • (1991) J. Climate , vol.4 , pp. 539-549
    • Harrison, D.E.1
  • 22
    • 0030437647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The COADS sea level pressure signal: A near-global El Niño composite and time series view, 1946-1993
    • Harrison, D. E., and N. K. Larkin, 1996: The COADS sea level pressure signal: A near-global El Niño composite and time series view, 1946-1993. J. Climate, 9, 3025-3055.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 3025-3055
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Larkin, N.K.2
  • 23
    • 0031732262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ENSO surface temperature and wind signal: A near-global composite and time-series view, 1946-1995
    • Harrison, D. E., and N. K. Larkin, 1998a: The ENSO surface temperature and wind signal: A near-global composite and time-series view, 1946-1995. Rev. Geophys., 36, 353-399.
    • (1998) Rev. Geophys. , vol.36 , pp. 353-399
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Larkin, N.K.2
  • 24
    • 0032216304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal U.S. temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with El Niño: Historical results and comparisons with 1997-98
    • Harrison, D. E., and N. K. Larkin, 1998b: Seasonal U.S. temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with El Niño: Historical results and comparisons with 1997-98. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3959-3962.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 3959-3962
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Larkin, N.K.2
  • 25
    • 0033153646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the termination of El Niño
    • Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 1999: On the termination of El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1593-1596.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 1593-1596
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Vecchi, G.A.2
  • 26
    • 0035866869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Niño and La Niña - Equatorial Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986-98
    • Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 2001: El Niño and La Niña - Equatorial Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986-98. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1051-1054.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1051-1054
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Vecchi, G.A.2
  • 27
    • 0000568039 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of SST change in the equatorial waveguide during the 1982-83 ENSO
    • Harrison, D. E., B. S. Giese, and E. S. Sarachik, 1990: Mechanisms of SST change in the equatorial waveguide during the 1982-83 ENSO. J. Climate, 3, 173-188.
    • (1990) J. Climate , vol.3 , pp. 173-188
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Giese, B.S.2    Sarachik, E.S.3
  • 28
    • 0034470511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific. November 1991-March 1992
    • Harrison, D. E., G. A. Vecchi, and R. H. Weisberg, 2000: Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific. November 1991-March 1992. J. Mar. Res., 58, 735-754.
    • (2000) J. Mar. Res. , vol.58 , pp. 735-754
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Vecchi, G.A.2    Weisberg, R.H.3
  • 29
    • 0000512114 scopus 로고
    • The life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Hendon, H. H., and M. L. Salby, 1994: The life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2225-2237.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 2225-2237
    • Hendon, H.H.1    Salby, M.L.2
  • 30
    • 0030775923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An equatorial ocean recharge paradigm for ENSO. Part I: Conceptual model
    • Jin, F. F., t997: An equatorial ocean recharge paradigm for ENSO. Part I: Conceptual model. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 811-829.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 811-829
    • Jin, F.F.1
  • 32
    • 0027801384 scopus 로고
    • The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds
    • Klein, S. A., and D. L. Hartmann, 1993: The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate, 6, 1587-1606.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1587-1606
    • Klein, S.A.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 33
    • 0037731022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much skill was there in forecasting the very strong 1997-98 El Niño?
    • Landsea, C. W., and J. A. Knaff, 2000: How much skill was there in forecasting the very strong 1997-98 El Niño? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 2107-2119.
    • (2000) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.81 , pp. 2107-2119
    • Landsea, C.W.1    Knaff, J.A.2
  • 34
    • 0019373697 scopus 로고
    • Open-ocean momentum-flux measurements in moderate to strong winds
    • Large, W. G., and S. Pond, 1981: Open-ocean momentum-flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336.
    • (1981) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.11 , pp. 324-336
    • Large, W.G.1    Pond, S.2
  • 35
    • 0000936636 scopus 로고
    • Sensible and latent heat-flux measurements over the ocean
    • Large, W. G., and S. Pond, 1982: Sensible and latent heat-flux measurements over the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 464-482.
    • (1982) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.12 , pp. 464-482
    • Large, W.G.1    Pond, S.2
  • 36
    • 0037092723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries, and implications
    • Larkin, N. K., and D. E. Harrison, 2002: ENSO warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries, and implications. J. Climate, 15, 1118-1140.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1118-1140
    • Larkin, N.K.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 37
    • 85040180358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific and their influence on the coupled ocean-atmosphere system: A review
    • Geophys. Monogr., Amer. Geophys. Union
    • Lengaigne, M., J.-P. Boulanger, C. Menkes, P. Delecluse, and J. Slingo, 2004: Westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific and their influence on the coupled ocean-atmosphere system: A review. Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 147, Amer. Geophys. Union, 49-69.
    • (2004) Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction , vol.147 , pp. 49-69
    • Lengaigne, M.1    Boulanger, J.-P.2    Menkes, C.3    Delecluse, P.4    Slingo, J.5
  • 38
    • 33645808872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the seasonal cycle on the termination of El Niño events in a coupled general circulation model
    • Lengaigne, M., J.-P. Boulanger, C. Menkes, and H. Spencer, 2006: Influence of the seasonal cycle on the termination of El Niño events in a coupled general circulation model. J. Climate, 19, 1850-1868.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 1850-1868
    • Lengaigne, M.1    Boulanger, J.-P.2    Menkes, C.3    Spencer, H.4
  • 40
    • 0028571920 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation - A review
    • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation - A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 814-837
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 41
    • 0002693476 scopus 로고
    • TOGA-TAO and the t991-93 El Niño-Southern Oscillation Event
    • McPhaden, M. J., 1993: TOGA-TAO and the t991-93 El Niño-Southern Oscillation Event. Oceanography, 6, 36-44.
    • (1993) Oceanography , vol.6 , pp. 36-44
    • McPhaden, M.J.1
  • 42
    • 0033548168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Niño
    • McPhaden, M. J., 1999: Genesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950-954.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 950-954
    • McPhaden, M.J.1
  • 43
    • 0033210562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño
    • McPhaden, M. J., and X. Yu, 1999: Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2961-2964.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 2961-2964
    • McPhaden, M.J.1    Yu, X.2
  • 44
    • 0000101471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) observing system: A decade of progress
    • Coauthors
    • McPhaden, M. J., and Coauthors, 1998: The Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 169-14 240.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14169-14240
    • McPhaden, M.J.1
  • 45
    • 0000306935 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the tropical oceanic circulation
    • E. D. Goldberg et al., Eds., Ocean Engineering Science, Wiley Interscience
    • Moore, D. W., and S. G. H. Philander, 1977: Modeling the tropical oceanic circulation. The Sea, E. D. Goldberg et al., Eds., Ocean Engineering Science, Vol. 6, Wiley Interscience, 319-361.
    • (1977) The Sea , vol.6 , pp. 319-361
    • Moore, D.W.1    Philander, S.G.H.2
  • 47
    • 0027796476 scopus 로고
    • East Australian rainfall events: Interannual variations, trends, and relationships with the Southern Oscillation
    • Nicholls, N., and A. Kariko, 1993: East Australian rainfall events: Interannual variations, trends, and relationships with the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 6, 1141-1152.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1141-1152
    • Nicholls, N.1    Kariko, A.2
  • 48
    • 0019374417 scopus 로고
    • Parameterizations of vertical mixing in numerical models of tropical oceans
    • Pacanowski, R. C., and S. G. H. Philander, 1981: Parameterizations of vertical mixing in numerical models of tropical oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1443-1451.
    • (1981) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.11 , pp. 1443-1451
    • Pacanowski, R.C.1    Philander, S.G.H.2
  • 49
    • 77956837273 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the El Niño of 1982-1983
    • J. Nihoul, Ed., Elsevier
    • Philander, S. G. H., and A. D. Seigel, 1985: Simulation of the El Niño of 1982-1983. Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Models, J. Nihoul, Ed., Elsevier, 517-541.
    • (1985) Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Models , pp. 517-541
    • Philander, S.G.H.1    Seigel, A.D.2
  • 50
    • 0029660116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications for ENSO
    • Picaut, J., M. Ioualalen, C. Menkes, T. Delcroix, and M. McPhaden, 1996: Mechanisms of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications for ENSO. Science, 274, 1486-1489.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1486-1489
    • Picaut, J.1    Ioualalen, M.2    Menkes, C.3    Delcroix, T.4    McPhaden, M.5
  • 51
    • 0030868606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An advective-reflective conceptual model for the oscillatory nature of ENSO
    • Picaut, J., F. Masia, and Y. du Penhoat, 1997: An advective-reflective conceptual model for the oscillatory nature of ENSO. Science, 277, 663-666.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 663-666
    • Picaut, J.1    Masia, F.2    du Penhoat, Y.3
  • 52
    • 0037096008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of the 1997-1998 El Niño-La Niña, as inferred from space-based observations
    • doi:10.1029/2001JC000850
    • Picaut, J., E. Hackert, A. J. Busalacchi, R. Murtugudde, and G. S. E. Lagerloef, 2002: Mechanisms of the 1997-1998 El Niño-La Niña, as inferred from space-based observations. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3037, doi:10.1029/2001JC000850.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 3037
    • Picaut, J.1    Hackert, E.2    Busalacchi, A.J.3    Murtugudde, R.4    Lagerloef, G.S.E.5
  • 53
    • 0035211046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeled and observed impacts of the 1997-98 El Niño on nitrate and new production in the equatorial Pacific
    • Coauthors
    • Radenac, M.-H., and Coauthors, 2001: Modeled and observed impacts of the 1997-98 El Niño on nitrate and new production in the equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 26 879-26 898.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 26879-26898
    • Radenac, M.-H.1
  • 54
    • 0020391175 scopus 로고
    • Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
    • (1982) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 354-384
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Carpenter, T.H.2
  • 55
    • 0020901514 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological aspects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and J. M. Wallace, 1983: Meteorological aspects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Science, 222, 1195-1202.
    • (1983) Science , vol.222 , pp. 1195-1202
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Wallace, J.M.2
  • 56
    • 0028581380 scopus 로고
    • Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation
    • Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 929-948
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Smith, T.M.2
  • 57
    • 0036648346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate
    • Reynolds, R. W., N. A. Rayner, T. M. Smith, D. C. Stokes, and W. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1609-1625
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Rayner, N.A.2    Smith, T.M.3    Stokes, D.C.4    Wang, W.5
  • 58
    • 0001378761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model
    • Rosati, A., K. Miyakoda, and R. Gudgel, 1997: The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 754-772.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 754-772
    • Rosati, A.1    Miyakoda, K.2    Gudgel, R.3
  • 59
    • 14544268991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the atmosphere in seasonal phase locking of El Niño
    • L24104, doi:10.1029/2004GL021619
    • Spencer, H., 2004: Role of the atmosphere in seasonal phase locking of El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24104, doi:10.1029/2004GL021619.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Spencer, H.1
  • 60
    • 0034477763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary productivity in the equatorial Pacific during 1997-98 El Niño
    • Strutton, P. G., and F. P. Chavez, 2000: Primary productivity in the equatorial Pacific during 1997-98 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 105 (C11), 26 089-26 101.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , Issue.C11 , pp. 26089-26101
    • Strutton, P.G.1    Chavez, F.P.2
  • 61
    • 0024250629 scopus 로고
    • A delayed action oscillator for ENSO
    • Suarez, M. J., and P. S. Schopf, 1988: A delayed action oscillator for ENSO. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3283-3287.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 3283-3287
    • Suarez, M.J.1    Schopf, P.S.2
  • 62
    • 0033581932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt termination of the 1997-98 El Niño in response to a Madden-Julian Oscillation
    • Takayabu, Y. N., T. Iguchi, M. Kachi, A. Shibata, and H. Kanzawa, 1999: Abrupt termination of the 1997-98 El Niño in response to a Madden-Julian Oscillation. Nature, 402, 279-282.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 279-282
    • Takayabu, Y.N.1    Iguchi, T.2    Kachi, M.3    Shibata, A.4    Kanzawa, H.5
  • 63
    • 33644689062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The termination of the 1997-98 El Niño. Part II: Mechanisms of atmospheric change
    • Vecchi, G. A., 2006: The termination of the 1997-98 El Niño. Part II: Mechanisms of atmospheric change. J. Climate, 19, 2647-2664.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 2647-2664
    • Vecchi, G.A.1
  • 64
    • 0034210162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño, and equatorial westerly wind events
    • Vecchi, G. A., and D. E. Harrison, 2000: Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño, and equatorial westerly wind events. J. Climate, 13, 1814-1830.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 1814-1830
    • Vecchi, G.A.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 65
    • 0346911862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the termination of the 2002-03 El Niño event
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL017564
    • Vecchi, G. A., and D. E. Harrison, 2003: On the termination of the 2002-03 El Niño event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1964, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017564.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1964
    • Vecchi, G.A.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 67
    • 0035388688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model study of oceanic mechanisms affecting equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature during the 1997-98 El Niño
    • Vialard, J., C. Menkes, J.-P. Boulanger, P. Delecleuse, E. Guilyardi, M. J. McPhaden, and G. Madec, 2001: A model study of oceanic mechanisms affecting equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature during the 1997-98 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1649-1675.
    • (2001) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.31 , pp. 1649-1675
    • Vialard, J.1    Menkes, C.2    Boulanger, J.-P.3    Delecleuse, P.4    Guilyardi, E.5    McPhaden, M.J.6    Madec, G.7
  • 68
    • 0033074681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of the western North Pacific wind variation in thermocline adjustment and ENSO phase transition
    • Wang, B., R. Wu, and R. Lukas, 1999: Roles of the western North Pacific wind variation in thermocline adjustment and ENSO phase transition. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 77, 1-16.
    • (1999) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.77 , pp. 1-16
    • Wang, B.1    Wu, R.2    Lukas, R.3
  • 69
    • 0035066193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified oscillator model for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • Wang, C., 2001: A unified oscillator model for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 14, 98-115.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 98-115
    • Wang, C.1
  • 70
    • 0034032291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1997-98 El Niño evolution relative to previous El Niño events
    • Wang, C., and R. H. Weisberg, 2000: The 1997-98 El Niño evolution relative to previous El Niño events. J. Climate, 13, 488-501.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 488-501
    • Wang, C.1    Weisberg, R.H.2
  • 71
    • 77949747544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding ENSO physics - A review
    • Geophys. Monogr., Amer. Geophys. Union
    • Wang, C., and J. Picaut, 2004: Understanding ENSO physics - A review. Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 147, Amer. Geophys. Union, 21-48.
    • (2004) Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction , vol.147 , pp. 21-48
    • Wang, C.1    Picaut, J.2
  • 72
    • 0001739715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface layer temperature balance in the equatorial Pacific during the 1997-98 El Niño and 1998-99 La Niña
    • Wang, W., and M. J. McPhaden, 2001: Surface layer temperature balance in the equatorial Pacific during the 1997-98 El Niño and 1998-99 La Niña. J. Climate, 14, 3393-3407.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 3393-3407
    • Wang, W.1    McPhaden, M.J.2
  • 73
    • 0001356926 scopus 로고
    • Empirical orthogonal analysis of Pacific sea surface temperatures
    • Weare, B. C., A. R. Navato, and R. E. Newell, 1976: Empirical orthogonal analysis of Pacific sea surface temperatures. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 671-678.
    • (1976) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.6 , pp. 671-678
    • Weare, B.C.1    Navato, A.R.2    Newell, R.E.3
  • 74
    • 0031126522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A western Pacific oscillator paradigm for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • Weisberg, R., and C. Wang, 1997: A western Pacific oscillator paradigm for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 779-782.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 779-782
    • Weisberg, R.1    Wang, C.2
  • 75
    • 0035723096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between surface chlorophyll and sea surface height in the tropical Pacific during the 1997-99 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event
    • Wilson, C., and D. Adamec, 2001: Correlations between surface chlorophyll and sea surface height in the tropical Pacific during the 1997-99 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (C12), 31 175-31 188.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , Issue.C12 , pp. 31175-31188
    • Wilson, C.1    Adamec, D.2
  • 77
    • 0000753313 scopus 로고
    • El Niño - The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing
    • Wyrtki, K., 1975: El Niño - The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 572-584.
    • (1975) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.5 , pp. 572-584
    • Wyrtki, K.1
  • 78
    • 0000335201 scopus 로고
    • A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, 1987: A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2262-2278.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 2262-2278
    • Zebiak, S.E.1    Cane, M.A.2
  • 79
    • 1842634953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between sea surface temperature and thermocline depth in the eastern equatorial Pacific
    • Zelle, H., G. Appeldoorn, G. Burgers, and G. J. van Oldenborgh, 2004: The relationship between sea surface temperature and thermocline depth in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 643-655.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.34 , pp. 643-655
    • Zelle, H.1    Appeldoorn, G.2    Burgers, G.3    van Oldenborgh, G.J.4
  • 80
    • 33644663577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific
    • Zhang, X., and M. J. McPhaden, 2006: Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19, 226-241.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 226-241
    • Zhang, X.1    McPhaden, M.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.