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3
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10544247176
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Geneva
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World Climate Research Program, WMO Publ. Ser. 3 Addendum (Geneva, 1990).
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(1990)
WMO Publ. Ser. 3 Addendum
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8
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0028586560
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T. Delcroix, J.-P. Boulanger, F. Masia, C, Menkes, ibid. 99, 25093 (1994).
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(1994)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.99
, pp. 25093
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Delcroix, T.1
Boulanger, J.-P.2
Masia, F.3
Menkes, C.4
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12
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10544220685
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Université de Paris VI, Paris
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P. Delecluse, G. Madec, M. Imbard, C. Levy, Rapp. Interne LODYC 93/05 (Université de Paris VI, Paris, 1993).
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(1993)
Rapp. Interne LODYC 93/05
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Delecluse, P.1
Madec, G.2
Imbard, M.3
Levy, C.4
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16
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0001139304
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T. Delcroix, G. Eldin, M.-H. Radenac, J. M. Toole, E. Firing, ibid. 97, 5423 (1992).
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(1992)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.97
, pp. 5423
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Delcroix, T.1
Eldin, G.2
Radenac, M.-H.3
Toole, J.M.4
Firing, E.5
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25
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10544222690
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thesis, Université de Paris VI, Paris
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C. Maes, thesis, Université de Paris VI, Paris (1996).
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(1996)
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Maes, C.1
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28
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10544231304
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in preparation
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Vialard and Delecluse have found, from a detailed analysis of the LODYC ocean general circulation model, two regions of barrier layer formation: one in the equatorial band in relation to the zonal convergence of water masses discussed in this paper and another further south in relation to zonal and meridional flows (J. Vialard and P. Delecluse, in preparation.
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Vialard, J.1
Delecluse, P.2
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30
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10544226447
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note
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Moreover, it is likely that water-mass convergence and zonai advection in the equatorial Pacific have significant biological implications at the level of primary production and fish resource distributions (for example, the tuna fishery is known to be very important about the warm pool).
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33
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10544237516
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note
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The equatorial Kelvin and first meridional mode Rossby waves, which are probably most important for ENSO (15, 34, 35), propagate along the equator eastward and westward respectively. Both have surface zonal current extrema at the equator. They can be generated by reflections on western and eastern boundaries, respectively, of equatorial waves originating from the same wind forcing in the central equatorial Pacific. These reflected equatorial waves would result, after some delay, in surface zonal currents opposed to the direction of the zonal currents forced by the original wind. This delayed-action effect on surface zonal currents may be the reason for a gradual shift in the direction of the zonal advection of the eastern edge of the warm pool and therefore for the phase shift of ENSO.
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37
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10544232143
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note
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We thank the following persons for providing data or model outputs: F. Bonjean, P. Delecluse, C, Frankignoul. E. Hackert, C. Lévy, R. Murtugudde, J. J. O'Brien, G. Reverdin, and R. W. Reynolds. We also thank F. Masia for programming assistance, M.-J. Langlade and H. P. Freitag for additional programming support, and J. Vialard for discussions. Supported by ORSTOM, Programme National de Télédétection Spatiale, and the NOM Office of Global Programs (M.J.M.).
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