Influence of the seasonal cycle on the termination of El Niño events in a coupled general circulation model

Journal of Climate

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 1850-1868

  Lengaigne, Matthieu ^a,b   Boulanger, Jean Philippe ^b   Menkes, Christophe ^b   Spencer, Hilary ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^b Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Dynamique et de Climatologie   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WIND;

COUPLED GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; EL NINO; LA NINA; SEASONAL CYCLE; SHALLOWING; SOLAR INSOLATION;

CLIMATOLOGY;

EL NINO; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL VARIATION; THERMOCLINE;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (EQUATORIAL);

EID: 33645808872     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3706.1     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. AchutaRao, K., K. R. Sperber, and the CMIP modelling groups, 2002: Simulation of the El Niño Southern Oscillation: Results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Climate Dyn., 19, 191-209.
2. An, S.-I., and B. Wang, 2001: Mechanisms of locking El Niño and La Niña mature phases to boreal winter. J. Climate, 14, 2164-2176.
3. Battisti, D. S., and A. C. Hirst, 1989: Interannual variability in a tropical atmosphere ocean model: Influence of the basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1687-1712.
4. Bjerknes, J., 1969: Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Paciic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 163-172.
5. Blanke, B., and P. Delecluse, 1993: Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed layer physics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1363-1388.
6. Boulanger, J.-P., and Coauthors, 2001: Role of non-linear oceanic processes in the response to westerly wind events: New implications for the 1997 El Niño onset. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1603-1606.
7. Braconnot, P., S. Joussaume, O. Marti, and N. de Noblet, 1999: Synergistic feedback from ocean and vegetation of the African monsoon response to mid-Holocene insolation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2481-2484.
8. Chang, P., L. Ji, B. Wang, and T. Li, 1995: Interactions between the seasonal cycle and El Niño-Southern Oscillation in an intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2353-2372.
9. Collins, M., 2002: Climate predictability on interannual to decadal time scales: The initial value problem. Climate Dyn., 19, 671-692.
10. Graham, N. E., and T. P. Barnett, 1987: Sea surface temperature, surface wind convergence and convection over tropical oceans. Science, 238, 657-659.
11. Gregory, D., and P. R. Rowntree, 1990: A mass flux convection scheme with the representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability dependent closure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1483-1506.
12. Gregory, D., R. Kershaw, and P. M. Inness, 1997: Parametrisation of momentum transport by convection. II: Tests in single column and general circulation models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1153-1183.
13. Guilyardi, E., G. Madec, and L. Terray, 2001: The role of lateral ocean physics in the upper ocean thermal balance of a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. Climate Dyn., 17, 589-599.
14. Guilyardi, E., P. Delecluse, S. Gualdi, and A. Navarra, 2003: Mechanism for ENSO phase change in a coupled GCM. J. Climate, 16, 1141-1158.
15. Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 1997: Westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific, 1986-1995. J. Climate, 10, 3131-3156.
16. Harrison, D. E., and N. K. Larkin, 1998: Seasonal U.S. temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with El Niño: Historical results and comparison with 1997-1998. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3959-3962.
17. Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 1999: On the termination of El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1593-1596.
18. Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 2001: El Niño and La Niña - Equatorial Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986-98. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1051-1054.
19. Inness, P., J. M. Slingo, E. Guilyardi, and J. Cole, 2003: Simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation in a coupled general circulation model. Part II: The role of the basic state. J. Climate, 16, 365-382.
20. Jin, F. F., 1997: An equatorial recharge paradigm for ENSO. Part I: Conceptual model. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 811-829.
21. Lengaigne, M., J.-P. Boulanger, C. Menkes, S. Masson, G. Madec, and P. Delecluse, 2002: Ocean response to the March 1997 westerly wind event. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8015, doi:10.1029/2001JC000841.
22. Lengaigne, M., G. Madec, C. Menkes, and G. Alory, 2003: The impact of isopycnal mixing on the tropical ocean circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3345, doi:10.1029/2002JC001704.
23. Lengaigne, M., E. Guilyardi, J.-P. Boulanger, C. Menkes, P. Delecluse, P. Inness, J. Cole, and J. Slingo, 2004: Triggering of El Niño by westerly wind events in a coupled general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 23, 601-620.
24. Liebmann, B., and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
25. Madec, G., P. Delecluse, M. Imbard, and C. Lévy, 1998: OPA 8.1 ocean general circulation model reference manual. LODYC/IPSL Tech. Note 11, 91 pp.
26. Neelin, J. D., S. D. Battisti, A. C. Hirst, F. F. Jin, Y. Wakata, T. Yamagata, and S. Zebiak, 1998: ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 261-14 290.
27. Neelin, J. D., F.-F. Jin, and H.-H. Syu, 2000: Variations in ENSO phase locking. J. Climate, 13, 2570-2590.
28. Picaut, J., M. Ioualalen, C. Menkes, T. Delcroix, and M. J. McPhaden, 1996: Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications for ENSO. Science, 274, 1486-1489.
29. Pope, V. D., M. L. Gallani, P. R. Rowntree, and R. A. Stratton, 2000: The impact of new physical parametrisations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3. Climate Dyn., 16, 123-146.
30. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
31. Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
32. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 1195-1202.
33. Roullet, G., and G. Madec, 2000: Salt conservation, free surface and varying volume: A new formulation for ocean general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23 927-23 942.
34. Spencer, H., 2004: Role of the atmosphere in the seasonality of El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24104, doi:10.1029/2004GL021619.
35. Spencer, H., and J. M. Slingo, 2003: The simulation of peak and delayed ENSO teleconnections. J. Climate, 16, 1757-1774.
36. Suarez, M. J., and P. S. Schopf, 1988: A delayed action oscillator for ENSO. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3283-3287.
37. Takayabu, Y. N., T. Iguchi, M. Kachi, A. Shibata, and H. Kanzawa, 1999: Abrupt termination of the 1997-98 El Niño in response to a Madden-Julian oscillation. Nature, 402, 279-282.
38. Tompkins, A. M., and G. C. Craig, 1999: Sensitivity of tropical convection to sea surface temperature in the absence of large-scale flow. J. Climate, 12, 462-476.
39. Trenberth, K. E., 1997: The definition of El Niño. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2771-2777.
40. Tziperman, E., S. Zebiak, and M. A. Cane, 1997: Mechanisms of seasonal-ENSO interaction. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 61-71.
41. Tziperman, E., M. A. Cane, S. E. Zebiak, Y. Xue, and B. Blumenthal, 1998: Locking of El Niño's peak time to the end of the calendar year in the delayed oscillator picture of ENSO. J. Climate, 11, 2191-2199.
42. Valcke, S., L. Terray, and A. Piacentini, 2000: The OASIS coupler user guide version 2.4. CERFACS Tech. Rep. TR/CMGC/00-10, 85 pp.
43. Vecchi, G. A., and D. E. Harrison, 2003: On the termination of the 2002-2003 El Niño event. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1964, doi:10.1029/2003GL017564.
44. Vialard, J., C. Menkes, J.-P. Boulanger, P. Delecluse, E. Guilyardi, M. J. McPhaden, and G. Madec, 2001: Oceanic mechanisms driving the SST during the 1997-1998 El Niño. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1649-1675.
45. Waliser, D. E., and N. E. Graham, 1993: Convective cloud systems and warm pool sea surface temperatures: Coupled interactions and self-regulation. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12 881-12 893.
46. Wang, C., 2001: A unified oscillator model for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 14, 98-115.
47. Wang, C., and J. Picaut, 2004: Understanding ENSO physics - A review. Earth's Climate. The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 147, Amer. Geophys. Union, 21-48.
48. Weisberg, R. H., and C. Wang, 1997: A western Pacific oscillator paradigm for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 779-782.
49. Xie, S.-P., 1995: Interaction between the annual and interannual variations in the equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 930-1941.