Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific

Journal of Climate

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 226-241

  Zhang, Xuebin ^a   McPhaden, Michael J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; WIND STRESS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; WIND EFFECTS;

EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO); LINEAR EQUATORIAL WAVE MODEL; VERTICAL ADVECTION;

CLIMATOLOGY;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WIND STRESS; ANNUAL VARIATION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; THERMOCLINE;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (EQUATORIAL); PACIFIC OCEAN (EAST);

EID: 33644663577     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3618.1     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Alexander, M. A., I. Bladé, M. Newman, J. R. Lanzante, N.-C. Lau, and J. D. Scott, 2002: The atmospheric bridge: The influence of ENSO teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global oceans. J. Climate, 15, 2205-2231.
2. An, S.-I., and B. Wang, 2000: Interdecadal change of the structure of the ENSO mode and its impact on the ENSO frequency. J. Climate, 13, 2044-2055.
3. An, S.-I., and F.-F. Jin, 2004: Nonlinearity and asymmetry of ENSO. J. Climate, 17, 2399-2412.
4. Ando, K., and M. J. McPhaden, 1997: Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23 063-23 078.
5. Battisti, D. S., 1988: Dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2889-2919.
6. Battisti, D. S., and A. C. Hirst, 1989: Interannual variability in a tropical atmosphere-ocean model: Influence of the basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1687-1712.
7. Burgers, G., and G. J. V. Oldenborgh, 2003: On the impact of local feedbacks in the central Pacific on the ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 16, 2396-2407.
8. Busalacchi, A. J., K. Takeuchi, and J. J. O'Brien, 1983: Interannual variability of the equatorial Pacific - Revisited. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7551-7562.
9. Cane, M. A., and R. J. Patton, 1984: A numerical model for low-frequency equatorial dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1853-1863.
10. Carton, J. A., G. Chepurin, X. Cao, and B. Giese, 2000: A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part I: Methodology. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 294-309.
11. Chang, P., 1993: Seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature and mixed layer budget in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2079-2082.
12. Emery, W. J., and R. E. Thomson, 2001: Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography. Elsevier Science, 638 pp.
13. Gill, A. E., and E. M. Rasmusson, 1983: The 1982-83 climate anomaly in the equatorial Pacific. Nature, 306, 229-234.
14. Harrison, D. E., 1989: Local and remote forcing of ENSO ocean waveguide response. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 691-695.
15. Harrison, D. E., and N. K. Larkin, 1998: El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea surface temperature and wind anomalies, 1946-1993. Rev. Geophys., 36, 353-399.
16. Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 2001: El Niño and La Niña - Equatorial Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986-98. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1051-1054.
17. Hayes, S. P., L. J. Mangum, J. Picaut, A. Sumi, and K. Takeuchi, 1991: TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 339-347.
18. Jin, F.-F., and S.-I. An, 1999: Thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks within the equatorial ocean charge oscillator model for ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2989-2992.
19. Jin, F.-F., S.-I. An, A. Timmermann, and J. Zhao, 2003: Strong El Niño events and nonlinear dynamical heating. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1120, doi:10.1029/2002GL016356.
20. Kessler, W. S., and M. J. McPhaden, 1995a: The 1991-1993 El Niño in the central Pacific. Deep-Sea Res., 42B, 295-333.
21. Kessler, W. S., and M. J. McPhaden, 1995b: Ocean equatorial waves and the 1991-93 El Niño. J. Climate, 8, 1757-1774.
22. McPhaden, M. J., 1999: Genesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950-954.
23. McPhaden, M. J., 2004: Evolution of the 2002/03 El Niño. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 677-695.
24. McPhaden, M. J., and J. Picaut, 1990: El Niño-Southern Oscillation displacements of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Science, 250, 1385-1388.
25. McPhaden, M. J., and X. Yu, 1999: Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2961-2964.
26. McPhaden, M. J., and Coauthors, 1998: The Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 169-14 240.
27. Meinen, C., and M. J. McPhaden, 2000: Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Niño and La Niña. J. Climate, 13, 3551-3559.
28. Meinen, C., and M. J. McPhaden, 2001: Interannual variability in warm water transports in the equatorial Pacific during 1993-99. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1324-1345.
29. Mitchell, T. P., and J. M. Wallace, 1992: The annual cycle in equatorial convection and sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 5, 1140-1156.
30. Neelin, J. D., D. S. Battisti, A. C. Hirst, F.-F. Jin, Y. Wakata, T. Yamagata, and S. E. Zebiak, 1998: ENSO theory. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 261-14 290.
31. Philander, S. G., and R. C. Pacanowski, 1981: The oceanic response to cross-equatorial winds (with application to coastal upwelling in low latitudes). Tellus, 33, 201-210.
32. Picaut, J., M. Ioualalen, C. Menkes, T. Delcroix, and M. J. McPhaden, 1996: Mechanisms of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool. Science, 274, 1486-1489.
33. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
34. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
35. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1995: A high resolution global sea surface temperature climatology. J. Climate, 8, 1571-1583.
36. Smith, N. R., 1995a: The BMRC ocean thermal analysis system. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 44, 93-110.
37. Smith, N. R., 1995b: An improved system for tropical ocean sub-surface temperature analyses. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 850-870.
38. Smith, N. R., and G. Meyers, 1996: An evaluation of expendable bathythermograph and Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean Array data for monitoring tropical ocean variability. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28 489-28 501.
39. Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds, 1998: A high resolution global sea surface temperature climatology for the 1961-90 base period. J. Climate, 11, 3320-3323.
40. Trenberth, K. E., G. W. Branstator, D. Karoly, A. Kumar, N.-C. Lau, and C. Ropelewski, 1998: Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 291-14 324.
41. Vecchi, G. A., 2006: The termination of the 1997/98 El Niño. Part II: Mechanisms of atmospheric change. J. Climate, in press.
42. Vecchi, G. A., and D. E. Harrison, 2006: The termination of the 1997/98 El Niño. Part I: Mechanisms of oceanic change. J. Climate, in press.
43. Vintzileos, A., M. M. Rienecker, M. J. Suarez, and S. D. Schubert, 2005: Local versus remote wind forcing of the equatorial Pacific surface temperature in July 2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05702, doi:10.129/ 2004GL021972.
44. Wallace, J. M., E. M. Rasmusson, T. P. Mitchell, V. E. Kousky, E. S. Sarachik, and H. von Storch, 1998: On the structure and evolution of ENSO-related climate variability in the tropical Pacfic: Lessons from TOGA. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 241-14 259.
45. Wang, W., and M. J. McPhaden, 2000: The surface-layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Part II: Interannual variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 2989-3008.
46. Wang, W., and M. J. McPhaden, 2001: Surface layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1997-98 El Niño and the 1998-99 La Niña. J. Climate, 14, 3393-3407.
47. Weisberg, R. H., and C. Wang, 1997: Slow variability in the equatorial west-central Pacific in relation to ENSO. J. Climate, 10, 1998-2017.
48. Wyrtki, K., 1975: El Niño - The dynamic response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 572-584.
49. Yu, X., and M. J. McPhaden, 1999: Seasonal variability in the equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 925-947.
50. Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, 1987: A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2262-2278.
51. Zelle, H., G. Appeldoorn, G. Burgers, and G. J. van Oldenborgh, 2004: On the relationship between sea surface temperature and thermocline depth in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 643-655.