On the termination of the 2002-03 El Niño event

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 30, Issue 18, 2003, Pages

  Vecchi, Gabriel A ^a   Harrison, D E ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OCEANOGRAPHY; WATER WAVES; WIND; STREAM FLOW;

WIND SHIFT; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL WAVES; LOW-FREQUENCY; OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; SEASONAL CYCLE; SOLAR INSOLATION; WESTERLY WINDS; WIND ANOMALIES;

GEOPHYSICS; NICKEL;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; EL NINO; INSOLATION; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL;

EID: 0346911862     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017564     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. An, S.-I., and B. Wang, Mechanisms of locking of the El Niño and La Niña mature phases to boreal winter, J. Clim., 14(9), 2164-2176, 2001.
2. Anderson, D. L. T., and A. E. Gill, Spin-up of a stratified ocean with applications to upwelling, Deep Sea Res., 22(9), 583-596, 1976.
3. Battisti, D. S., and A. C. Hirst, Internal Variability in a Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean Model: Influence of Basic State, Ocean Geometry and Nonlinearity, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1687-1712, 1989.
4. Busalacchi, A. J., and M. A. Cane, The effect of varying stratification on low-frequency equatorial motions, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 801-812, 1988.
5. Cane, M. A., Forced baroclinic motions 1, Linear equatorial unbounded case, J. Mar. Res., 34(4), 629-665, 1977.
6. Draper, D. W., and D. G. Long, An assessment of SeaWinds on QuikSCAT wind retrieval, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3212-3225, 2002.
7. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, The description of the ECMWF/WCRP level III-A global atmospheric data archive, technical attachment, (available from ECMWF, Shinfield Park, reading RG2, 9AX, United Kingdom), 72 pp., 1989.
8. Gill, A. E., Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462, 1980.
9. Harrison, D. E., On climatological monthly mean wind stress and wind stress curl fields over the world ocean, J. Clim., 2, 57-70, 1989.
10. Harrison, D. E., Equatorial sea surface temperature sensitivity to net surface heat flux: Some ocean circulation model results, J. Clim., 4, 539-549, 1991.
11. Harrison, D. E., Monthly mean island surface winds in the central tropical Pacific and El Niño, Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 3,133-3,145, 1987.
12. Harrison, D. E., and D. S. Luther, Surface winds from tropical Pacific islands-Climatological statistics, J. Clim., 3(2), 251-271, 1990.
13. Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, On the termination of El Niño, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1593-1596, 1999.
14. Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, El Niño and La Niña-Equatorial Pacific thermocline and sea surface temperature anomalies, 1986-98, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 13,214- 14,141, 2001.
15. Harrison, D. E., B. S. Giese, and E. S. Sarachik, Mechanisms of SST change in the equatorial waveguide during the 1982-83 ENSO, J. Clim., 3, 173-188, 1990.
16. Harrison, D. E., and N. K. Larkin, The ENSO Surface Temperature and Wind Signal: A Near-Global Composite and Time-Series View, 1946-1995. Rev. Geophys., 36(3), 353-399, 1998.
17. Harrison, D. E., G. A. Vecchi, and R. H. Weisberg, Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific, November 1991-March 1992, J. Marine Res., 58, 735-754, 2000.
18. Jin, F. F., An Equatorial Ocean Recharge Paradigm for ENSO, Part I: Conceptual Model, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 811-829, 1997.
19. Kelly, K. A., S. Dickinson, M. J. McPhaden, and G. C. Johnson, Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2469-2472, 2001.
20. Large, W. G., and S. Pond, Open Ocean Momentum Flux Measurements in Moderate to Strong Winds, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336, 1981.
21. Levitus, S., Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, NOAA/ERL GFDL Professional Paper 13, Princeton, NJ, 173 pp. (NTIS PB83-184093), 1982.
22. Lindzen, R. S., and S. Nigam, On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the Tropics, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2418-2436, 1987.
23. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation: A review, Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837, 1994.
24. McPhaden, M. J., TOGA-TAO and the 1991-93 El Niño-Southern Oscillation Event, Oceanography, 6, 36-44, 1993.
25. Moore, D. W., and S. G. H. Philander, Modeling the tropical oceanic circulation, in The Sea, 6(8), edited by Goldberg et al., New York, Interscience, 1977.
26. Neelin, J. D., D. S. Battisti, A. C. Hirst, F. F. Jin, Y. Wakata, T. Yamagata, and S. E. Zebiak, ENSO Theory, J. Geophys Res., 103(C7), 14,261-14,290, 1998.
27. Pacanowski, R. C., and S. G. H. Philander, Parametrizatifsons of Vertical Mixing in Numerical Models of Tropical Oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1443-1451, 1981.
28. Philander, S. G. H., and A. D. Seigel, Simulation of the El Niño of 1982-1983. Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Models, edited by J. Nihoul, Elsevier, 517-541, 1985.
29. Suarez, M. J., and P. S. Schopf, A Delayed Action Oscillator for ENSO, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3283-3287, 1988.
30. Vecchi, G. A., Tropical Pacific sub-seasonal wind variability and El Niño, Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Washington, 187 pp., 2000.
31. Woodruff, S. D., R. J. Slutz, R. L. Jenne, and P. M. Steurer, A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 68, 1239-1250, 1987.
32. Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, A Model El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 2262-2278, 1987.