Role of high- and low-frequency winds and wave reflection in the onset, growth and termination of the 1997-1998 El Niño

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 22, Issue 2-3, 2004, Pages 267-280

  Boulanger, J P ^a   Menkes, C ^a   Lengaigne, M ^a  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; FORMATION MECHANISM; WIND FIELD;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 2142769807     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-003-0383-8     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Barnston AG, Glantz MH, He Y (1999) Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecasts during the 1997-1998 El Niño episode and the 1998 La Niña onset. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 80: 217-243
2. Bentamy A, Quilfen Y, Gohin F, Grima N, Lenaour M, Servain J (1996) Determination and validation of average wind fields from ERS-1 scatterometer measurements. Global Atmos Ocean Syst 4: 1-29
3. Boulanger J-P (2001) The TRIDENT Pacific model. Part I Simulating surface ocean currents with a linear model during the 1993-1998 TOPEX/POSEIDON period. Clim Dyn 17: 159-173
4. Boulanger J-P, Menkes C (1999) Long equatorial wave reflection in the Pacific Ocean from TOPEX/POSEIDON data during the 1992-1998 period. Clim Dyn 15: 205-225
5. Boulanger J-P, Menkes C (2001) The TRIDENT Pacific mode Part II: The thermodynamical model and the role of long equatorial wave reflection during the 1993-1998 TOPEX/POSEIDON period. Clim Dyn 17: 175-1861
6. Boulanger J-P, Durand E, Duvel J-P, Menkes C, Delecluse P, Imbard M, Lengaigne M, Madec G, Masson S (2001) Role of non-linear ocean processes to westerly wind events: new implications for the 1997 El Niño onset. Geophys Res Lett 28: 1603-1606
7. Boulanger J-P, Cravatte S, Menkes C (2003) Reflected and locally wind-forced interannual equatorial Kelvin waves in the western Pacific Ocean. J Geophys Res Vol. 108, No. C10, 3311 DOI: 10.129/2002JC001760, 2003
8. Chen D, Cane MA, Zebiak SE (1999) The impact of NSCAT winds on predicting the 1997/98 El Nino: a case study with the Lamont model. J Geophys Res 104: 11,321-11,327
9. Chen D, Zebiak SE, Busalacchi AJ, Cane MA (1995) An improved procedure for El Niño forecasting. Science 269: 1699-1702
10. Fedorov AV (2002) The response of the coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere to westerly wind bursts. Q J R Meteorol Soc 128: 1-23
11. Giese BS, Harrison DE (1991) Eastern equatorial Pacific response to three composite westerly wind types. J Geophys Res 96: 3239-3248
12. Kessler WS, Kleeman R (2000) Rectificacion of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the ENSO cycle. J Clim 13: 3560-3575
13. Kessler WS, McPhaden MJ, Weickmann KM (1995) Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific. J Geophys Res 100: 10,613-10,631
14. Kindle JC, Phoebus PA (1995) The ocean response to operational westerl wind bursts during the 1991-1992 El Niño. J Geophys Res 100: 4893-4920
15. Landsea CW, Knaff JA (2000) How much skill was there in forecasting the very strong 1997-1998 El Niño. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 81: 2107-2119
16. Latif M, Barnett TP, Cane MA, Flügel M, Graham NE, von Storch H, Xu JS, Zebiak SE (1994) A review of ENSO prediction studies. Clim Dyn 9: 167-179
17. Legler DM, O'Brien JJ (1988) Tropical Pacific wind stress analysis for TOGA, IOC Time series of ocean measurements, IOC Technical Series 33, vol 4, UNESCO
18. Lengaigne M, Boulanger J-P, Menkes C, Masson S, Delecluse P, Madec G (2002) Ocean response to the March 1997 westerly wind event. J Geophys Res 107: 8015, doi 10.1029/2001 JC000 841
19. Lengaigne M, Boulanger J-P, Menkes C, Madec G, Delecluse P, Guilyardi E, Slingo J (2003) The March 1997 westerly wind event and the onset of the 1997/1998 El Niño: understanding the role of the atmospheric response. J Clim (in press)
20. McPhaden MJ (1999a) The child prodigy of 1997-1998. Nature 398: 559-562
21. McPhaden MJ (1999b) Genesis and evolution of the 1997-1998 El Niño. Science 283: 950-954
22. McPhaden MJ, Yu X (1999) Equatorial waves and the 1997-1998 El Niño. Geophys Res Lett 26: 2961-2964
23. Mayer DA, Weisberg RH (1998) El Niño-Southern Oscillation-related ocean-atmosphere coupling in the western equatorial Pacific. J Geophys Res 103: 18,635-18,646
24. Menkes C, Boulanger J-P, Busalacchi AJ, Vialard J, Delecluse P, McPhaden MJ, Hackert E, Grima N (1998) Impact of TAO versus ERS wind stresses onto simulations or the tropical Pacific Ocean during the 1993-1998 period by the OPA OGCM. In: Climatic impact of scale interactions for the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. Euroclivar Workshop Report, Eucliv 13, December 1998 pp 46-48
25. Neelin JD (1991) The slow sea surface temperature mode and the fast-wave limit: analytic theory for tropical interannual oscillations and experiments in a hybrid coupled model. J Atmos Sci 48: 584-606
26. Perigaud C, Cassou C (2000) Importance of oceanic decadal trends and westerly wind bursts for forecasting El Niño. Geophys Res Lett 27: 389-392
27. Picaut J, Ioualalen M, Menkes C, Delcroix T, McPhaden MJ (1996) Mechanism of the zonal displacement of the Pacific warm-pool: implications for ENSO. Science 274: 1484-1489
28. Picaut J, Hackert E, Busalacchi AJ, Murtugudde R, Lagerloef GSE (2002) Mechanisms of the 1997-1998 El Niño-La Niña, as inferred from space-based observations. J Geophys Res 107: 10 1029
29. Radenac M-H, Menkes C, Vialard J, Moulin C, Dandonneau Y, Delcroix T, Dupouy C, Stoens A, Deschamps P-Y (2001) Modeled and observed impacts of the 1997-1998 El Niño on nitrate and new production in the equatorial Pacific. J Geophys Res 106: 26,879-26,898
30. Slingo J, Delecluse P (1999) Scale interactions and the tropical atmosphere-ocean system. In: Proc Conf on the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE). WCRP-107: 59-69
31. Slingo JM, Rowell DP, Sperber KR, Nortley F (1999) On the predictability of the interannual behaviour of the Madden-Julian oscilation and its relationship with El Niño. Q J R Meteorol Soc 125: 583-609
32. Soman MK, Slingo JM (1997) Sensitivity of the Asian Summer Monsoon to aspects of the sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Q J R Meteor Soc 123: 309-336
33. Takayabu YN, Iguchi T, Kachi M, Shibata A, Kanzawa H (1999) Abrupt termination of the 1997-98 El Niño in response to a Madden-Julian oscillation. Nature 479: 279-282, doi:10.1038/46254
34. Tang TY, Weisberg RH (1984) On the response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1982/1983 El Niño - Southern Oscillation event. J Mar Res 42: 809-829
35. Vecchi GA, Harrison DE (2000) Tropical pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño and equatorial westerly wind events. J Clim 13: 1814-1832
36. Vialard J, Menkes C, Boulanger J-P, Delecluse P, Guilyardi E, McPhaden MJ, Madec G (2001) Oceanic mechanisms driving the SST during the 1997-1998 El Niño. J Phys Oceanogr 31: 1649-1675
37. Wakata Y, Sarachik ES (1991) Unstable coupled atmosphere-ocean basin modes in the presence of a spatially varying basic state. J Atmos Sci 48: 2060-2077
38. Wang C (2001) A unified oscillator model for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J Clim 14: 98-115
39. Wang C, Weisberg RH (2000) The 1997-1998 El Niño evolution relative to previous El Niño events. J Clim 13: 488-501
40. Wang C, Weisberg RH, Virmani JL (1999) Western Pacific interannual variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. J Geophys Res 104: 5131-5149
41. Weisberg RH, Wang C (1997) A western Pacific oscillator paradigm for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 24: 779-782
42. Wyrtki K (1986) Water displacement in the Pacific and the genesis of El Niño cycles. J Geophys Res 91: 7129-7132