Brain receptor imaging

Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 302-312

  Heiss, Wolf Dieter ^a,c   Herholz, Karl ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Adenosine receptors; Benzodiazepine binding sites; Cholinergic receptors; Dopamine; Opioid receptors; PET; Radioligands; Receptor binding; Serotonin; SPECT

Indexed keywords

3 METHYLSPIPERONE C 11; 3 METHYLSPIPERONE F 18; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ALTANSERIN F 18; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR; BRAIN RECEPTOR; CARFENTANYL C 11; CLOZAPINE; COCAINE C 11; CYCLOFOXY F 18; DIHYDROTETRABENAZINE C 11; DIPRENORPHINE C 11; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; FLUMAZENIL C 11; HALOPERIDOL; N METHYL 4 PIPERIDYLBENZILATE C 11; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; NOMIFENSINE C 11; OPIATE RECEPTOR; QUETIAPINE; RACLOPRIDE C 11; RADIOLIGAND; SELEGILINE C 11; SEROTONIN RECEPTOR; TRACER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTOR; RADIOISOTOPE;

BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FUNCTION; CELL MEMBRANE; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DENSITY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG UPTAKE; EFFECTOR CELL; EMOTION; EPILEPSY; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FOCAL EPILEPSY; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; MEMORY DISORDER; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROTRANSMISSION; PAIN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCEPTION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE; PRESYNAPTIC MEMBRANE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; STROKE; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; ANIMAL; BRAIN; BRAIN DISEASE; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; SCINTISCANNING;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; BRAIN DISEASES; HUMANS; RADIOISOTOPES; RECEPTORS, NEUROTRANSMITTER; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED;

EID: 33744494881     PISSN: 01615505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Verhoeff NPLG. Ligands for neuroreceptor imaging by positron or single-photon emission computed tomography. In: Ell PJ, Gambhir SS, eds. Nuclear Medicine in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Edinburgh, U.K.: Churchill Livingstone; 2004:1275-1294.
2. Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N, Schleicher A. Transmitter receptors and functional anatomy of the cerebral cortex. J Anat. 2004;205:417-432.
3. Kung HF. Overview of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis of central nervous disorders. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1991;28:269-286.
4. Young AB, Penney JB, Starosta-Rubinstein S, et al. PET scan investigations of Huntington's disease: cerebral metabolic correlates of neurological features and functional decline. Ann Neurol. 1986;20:296-303.
5. Lammertsma AA, Hume SP. Simplified reference tissue model for PET receptor studies. Neuroimage. 1996;4:153-158.
6. Gunn RN, Lammertsma AA, Hume SP, et al. Parametric imaging of ligand-receptor binding in PET using a simplified reference region model. Neuroimage. 1997;6:279-287.
7. Lammertsma AA. Radioligand studies: imaging and quantitative analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2002;12:513-516.
8. Huang S-C, Barrio JR, Phelps ME. Neuroreceptor assay with positron emission tomography: equilibrium versus dynamic approaches. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1986;6:515-521.
9. Mazoyer BM. Investigation of the dopamine system with positron emission tomography: general issues in modelling. In: Baron J-C, Comar D, Farde L, Martinot J-L, Mazoyer B, eds. Brain Dompaminergic Systems: Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography. Dordrecht, The Nertherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991:65-83.
10. Wienhard K. Application to the D2 receptors. In: Baron J-C, Comar D, Farde L, Martinot J-L, Mazoyer B, eds. Brain Dopaminergic Systems: Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991:85-95.
11. Herholz K, Herscovitch P, Heiss W-D. NeuroPET: Positron Emission Tomography in Neuroscience and Clinical Neurology. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2004.
12. Delforge J, Spelle L, Bendriem B, et al. Parametric images of benzodiazepine receptor concentration using a partial-saturation injection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997;17:343-355.
13. Mintun MA, Raichle ME, Kilbourn MR, et al. A quantitative model for the in vivo assessment of drug binding sites with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol. 1984;15:217-227.
14. Meyer JH, Ichise M. Modeling of receptor ligand data in PET and SPECT imaging: a review of major approaches. J Neuroimaging. 2001;11:30-39.
15. 11C-methyl]-(-)-cocaine PET studies in human subjects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1990;10:740-747.
16. 11C-Radiopharmaceuticals for brain receptor studies. In: Lambrecht RM, Morcos N, eds. Applications of Nuclear and Radiochemistry. New York, NY: Pergamon Press; 1982:251-270.
17. Kung HF, Kung MP, Choi SR. Radiopharmaceuticals for single-photon emission computed tomography brain imaging. Semin Nucl Med. 2003;33:2-13.
18. Mazière B, Halldin C. PET tracers for brain scanning. In: Ell PJ, Gambhir SS, eds. Nuclear Medicine in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Edinburgh, U.K.: Churchill Livingstone; 2004:1295-1329.
19. Heiss W-D, Hilker R. The sensitivity of 18-fluorodopa positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol. 2004;11:5-12.
20. 11C]NNC 112 in humans: validation and reproducibility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2000;20:225-243.
21. Wang Y, Chan GLY, Holden JE, et al. Age-dependent decline of dopamine D1 receptors in human brain: a PET study. Synapse. 1998;30:56-61.
22. Suhara T, Nakayama K, Inoue O, et al. D1 dopamine receptor binding in mood disorders measured by positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;106:14-18.
23. Okubo Y, Suhara T, Suzuki K, et al. Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET. Nature. 1997;385:634-636.
24. Nordstrom AL, Farde L, Nyberg S, et al. D1, D2, and 5-HT2 receptor occupancy in relation to clozapine serum concentration: a PET study of schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1444-1449.
25. Nordstrom AL, Farde L, Wiesel FA, et al. Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in relation to antipsychotic drug effects: a double-blind PET study of schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1993;33:227-235.
26. Wiesel FA, Farde L, Nordstrom AL, et al. Central D1- and D2-receptor occupancy during antipsychotic drug treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.1990;14:759-767.
27. Wong DF, Gjedde A, Wagner HN Jr. Quantification of neuroreceptors in living human brain. I. Irreversible binding of ligands. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1986;6:137-146.
28. Wagner HN Jr, Burns HD, Dannals RF, et al. Assessment of dopamine receptor densities in the human brain with carbon-11-labeled N-methylspiperone. Ann Neurol. 1984;15(suppl):S79-S84.
29. 2 dopamine receptor occupancy in the living human brain: a PET study with risperidone. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1993;110:265-272.
30. 11C-raclopride in living human brain: a search for extrastriatal central D2-dopamine receptors by PET. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1988;94:471-478.
31. Verhoeff NPLG. Neuroreceptor Ligand Imaging by Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) [thesis]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: University of Amsterdam; 1993.
32. 18F-fallypride in normal volunteers: blood analysis, distribution, test-retest studies, and preliminary assessment of sensitivity to aging effects on dopamine D-2/D-3 receptors. Synapse. 2002;46:170-188.
33. 11C)raclopride. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47:213-219.
34. Wong DF, Gjedde A, Wagner HN Jr, et al. Quantification of neuroreceptors in the living human brain. II. Inhibition studies of receptor density and affinity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1986;6:147-153.
35. 11C-raclopride. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:474-480.
36. Antonini A, Vontobel P, Psylla M, et al. Complementary positron emission tomographic studies of the striatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol. 1995;52:1183-1190.
37. 11C]raclopride binding in rat striatum, quantified using PET. Synapse. 1995;21:45-53.
38. Cochen V, Ribeiro MJ, Nguyen JP, et al. Transplantation in Parkinson's disease: PET changes correlate with the amount of grafted tissue. Mov Disord. 2003;18:928-932.
39. Strafella AP, Sadikot AF, Dagher A. Subthalamic deep brain stimulation does not induce striatal dopamine release in Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport. 2003;14:1287-1289.
40. Baron JC, Maziere B. Loc'h C, Sgouropoulos P, Bonnet AM, Agid Y. Progressive supranuclear palsy: loss of striatal dopamine receptors demonstrated in vivo by positron tomography. Lancet. 1985;1:1163-1164.
41. Ginovart N, Lundin A, Farde L, et al. PET study of the presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic markers for the neurodegenerative process in Huntington's disease. Brain. 1997;120:503-514.
42. Piccini P. Neurodegenerative movement disorders: the contribution of functional imaging. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17:459-466.
43. 2 dopamine receptors in drug-naive schizophrenics. Science. 1986;234:1558-1563.
44. Pearlson GD, Wong DF, Tune LE, et al. In vivo D2 dopamine receptor density in psychotic and nonpsychotic patients with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52:471-477.
45. Suhara T, Okubo Y, Yasuno F, et al. Decreased dopamine D2 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:25-30.
46. 11C]FLB 457. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003;6:361-370.
47. Farde L, Wiesel F-A, Halldin C, Sedvall G. Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45:71-76.
48. Remington G, Chong SA, Kapur S. Distinguishing change in primary and secondary negative symptoms. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:974-975.
49. 11C]FLB 457. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:926-930.
50. Abi-Dargham A, Laruelle M. Mechanisms of action of second generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: insights from brain imaging studies. Eur Psychiatry. 2005;20:15-27.
51. Koepp MJ, Gunn RN, Lawrence AD, et al. Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game. Nature. 1998;393:266-268.
52. Strafella AP, Paus T, Barrett J, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human prefrontal cortex induces dopamine release in the caudate nucleus. J Neurosci. 2001;21:RC157:1-4.
53. de la Fuente-Fernandez R, Schulzer M, Stoessl AJ. The placebo effect in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol. 2002;1:85-91.
54. Colloca L, Benedetti F. Placebos and painkillers: Is mind as real as matter? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005;6:545-552.
55. Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ. Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies. Behav Pharmacol. 2002;13:355-366.
56. Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Thanos PK, et al. Similarity between obesity and drug addiction as assessed by neurofunctional imaging: a concept review. J Addict Dis. 2004;23:39-53.
57. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fischman MW, et al. Relationship between subjective effects of cocaine and dopamine transporter occupancy. Nature. 1997;386:827-830.
58. Passchier J. van Waarde A. Visualisation of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors in the central nervous system. Eur J Nucl Med. 2001;28:113-129.
59. Drevets WC, Frank E, Price JC, et al. Serotonin type-1A receptor imaging in depression. Nucl Med Biol. 2000;27:499-507.
60. 11C]WAY-100635: effects of depression and antidepressant treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:174-180.
61. 11C]WAY-100635 PET investigation in healthy volunteers. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1326-1328.
62. 2A receptors in midlife than in late life. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:430-435.
63. Stamatakis EA, Hetherington MM. Neuroimaging in eating disorders. Nutr Neurosci. 2003;6:325-334.
64. Kanerva H, Vilkman H, Nagren K, et al. Brain 5-HT2A receptor occupancy of deramciclane in humans after a single oral administration: a positron emission tomography study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999;145:76-81.
65. Malizia AL. Anxiety disorders and affective disorders. In: Ell PJ, Gambhir SS, eds. Nuclear Medicine in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. Edinburgh, U.K.: Churchill Livingstone; 2004:1399-1416.
66. 11C]McN 5652. J Nucl Med. 2000;41:1465-1477.
67. 11C]-DASB, a tool for in vivo measurement of SSRI-induced occupancy of the serotonin transporter: PET characterization and evaluation in cats. Synapse. 2003;47:123-133.
68. 11C](+)McN5652. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;51:715-722.
69. Scheffel U, Szabo Z, Mathews WB, et al. In-vivo detection of short-term and long-term MDMA neurotoxicity: a positron emission tomography study in the living baboon brain. Synapse. 1998;29:183-192.
70. Villemagne VL, Horti A, Scheffel U, et al. Imaging nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with fluorine-18-FPH, an epibatidine analog. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:1737-1741.
71. 11C-nicotine binding in normal and Alzheimer brains: in vivo assessment using positron emission tomography. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1995;9:21-27.
72. 11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate: alternatives for analysis of an irreversible positron emission tomography tracer for measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity in human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1999;19:1150-1163.
73. Iyo M, Namba H, Fukushi K, et al. Measurement of acetylcholinesterase by positron emission tomography in the brains of healthy controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1997;349:1805-1809.
74. Kuhl DE, Koeppe RA, Minoshima S, et al. In vivo mapping of cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1999;52:691-699.
75. Shinotoh H, Namba H, Yamaguchi M, et al. Positron emission tomographic measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity reveals differential loss of ascending cholinergic systems in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol. 1999;46:62-69.
76. Herholz K, Weisenbach S, Zündorf G, et al. In vivo study of acetylcholine esterase in basal forebrain, amygdala, and cortex in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. Neuroimage. 2004;21:136-143.
77. Kuhl DE, Minoshima S, Frey KA, et al. Limited donepezil inhibition of acetylcholinesterase measured with positron emission tomography in living Alzheimer cerebral cortex. Ann Neurol. 2000;48:391-395.
78. 11C]NMPB and PET. Synapse. 2001;39:275-287.
79. 11C]flumazenil kinetics for the estimation of ligand transport rate and receptor distribution using positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1991;11:735-744.
80. Chugani DC, Muzik O, Juhasz C, et al. Postnatal maturation of human GABAA receptors measured with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol. 2001;49:618-626.
81. 11C Ro15-4513 using positron emission tomography. Synapse. 2003;47:200-208.
82. 18F] FDG as PET markers of epileptic foci. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56:615-621.
83. Szelies B, Sobesky J, Pawlik G, et al. Impaired benzodiazepine receptor binding in peri-lesional cortex of patients with symptomatic epilepsies studies by [C-11]-flumazenil PET. Eur J Neurol. 2002;9:137-142.
84. Juhasz C, Chugani DC, Muzik O, et al. Relationship of flumazenil and glucose PET abnormalities to neocortical epilepsy surgery outcome. Neurology. 2001;56:1650-1658.
85. Richardson MP, Koepp MJ, Brooks DJ, et al. Benzodiazepine receptors in focal epilepsy with cortical dysgenesis: an C-11 flumazenil PET study. Ann Neurol. 1996;40:188-198.
86. Holthoff VA, Koeppe RA, Frey KA, et al. Positron emission tomography measures of benzodiazepine receptors in Huntington's disease. Ann Neurol. 1993;34:76-81.
87. Foster NL, Minoshima S, Johanns J, et al. PET measures of benzodiazepine receptors in progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology. 2000;54:1768-1773.
88. Gilman S, Koeppe RA, Junck L, et al. Benzodiazepine receptor binding in cerebellar degenerations studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol. 1995;38:176-185.
89. Jacobs AH, Kracht LW, Gossmann A, et al. Imaging in neurooncology. NeuroRx. 2005;2:333-347.
90. Samson Y, Bernuau J, Pappata S, et al. Cerebral uptake of benzodiazepine measured by positron emission tomography in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:414-415.
91. Heiss W-D, Grond M, Thiel A, et al. Permanent cortical damage detected by flumazenil positron emission tomography in acute stroke. Stroke. 1998;29:454-461.
92. Nakagawara J, Sperling B, Lassen NA. Incomplete brain infarction of reperfused cortex may be quantitated with iomazenil. Stroke. 1997;28:124-132.
93. Busatto GF, Pilowsky LS, Costa DC, et al. Correlation between reduced in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding and severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:56-63.
94. Shinotoh H, Iyo M, Yamada T, et al. Detection of benzodiazepine receptor occupancy in the human brain by positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99:202-207.
95. Abadie P, Boulenger JP, Benali K, et al. Relationships between trait and state anxiety and the central benzodiazepine receptor: a PET study. Eur J Neurosci. 1999;11:1470-1478.
96. Banati RB, Newcombe J, Gunn RN, et al. The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis: quantitative in vivo imaging of microglia as a measure of disease activity. Brain. 2000;123:2321-2337.
97. 11C]PK1195. Neurology. 2000;55:1052-1054.
98. Groom GN, Junck L, Foster NL, et al. PET of peripheral benzodiazepine binding-sites in the microgliosis of Alzheimer's disease. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:2207-2210.
99. Black KL, Ikezaki K, Toga AW. Imaging of brain tumors using peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands. J Neurosurg. 1989;71:113-118.
100. Bressan RA, Pilowsky LS. Imaging the glutamatergic system in vivo: relevance to schizophrenia. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27:1723-1731.
101. 18F]CPFPX and positron emission tomography. Neuroimage. 2003;19:1760-1769.
102. 11C-methyl-3- propylxanthine. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:32-37.
103. 11C]8-dicyclopropylmethyl-1-methyl-3-propylxanthine. Nucl Med Biol. 2004;31:975-981.
104. 11C]TMSX for the evaluation of adenosine A2A receptors in the skeletal muscle by positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol. 2004;31:949-956.
105. Frost JJ, Wagner HN Jr, Dannals RF, et al. Imaging opiate receptors in the human brain by positron tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1985;9:231-236.
106. 11C] diprenorphine and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1991;11:204-219.
107. Cohen RM, Carson RE, Sunderland T. Opiate receptor avidity in the thalamus is sexually dimorphic in the elderly. Synapse. 2000;38:226-229.
108. Mayberg HS, Sadzot B, Meltzer CC, et al. Quantification of mu and nonmu-opiate receptors in temporal lobe epilepsy using positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol. 1991;30:3-11.
109. Zubieta JK, Gorelick DA, Stauffer R, et al. Increased mu-opioid receptor binding detected by PET in cocaine-dependent men is associated with cocaine craving. Nat Med. 1996;2:1225-1229.
110. Sprenger T, Berthele A, Platzer S, et al. What to learn from in vivo opioidergic brain imaging? Eur J Pain. 2005;9:117-121.
111. Zubieta JK, Smith YR, Bueller JA, et al. Regional mu opioid receptor regulation of sensory and affective dimensions of pain. Science. 2001;293:311-315.
112. 11C] diprenorphine and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1999;19:803-808.
113. 11C] diprenorphine PET study. Brain. 1995;118:951-958.