메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 275-283

Cellular memory and dynamic regulation of polycomb group proteins

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HISTONE; HOX PROTEIN; POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEIN; PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 33646519677     PISSN: 09550674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.04.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (114)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0018240421 scopus 로고
    • A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila
    • Lewis E.B. A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. Nature 276 (1978) 565-570
    • (1978) Nature , vol.276 , pp. 565-570
    • Lewis, E.B.1
  • 2
    • 0021880669 scopus 로고
    • A group of genes controlling the spatial expression of the bithorax complex in Drosophila
    • Jürgens G. A group of genes controlling the spatial expression of the bithorax complex in Drosophila. Nature 316 (1985) 153-155
    • (1985) Nature , vol.316 , pp. 153-155
    • Jürgens, G.1
  • 3
    • 22844452908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of a trithorax group gene, MLL, in hematopoiesis
    • Ono R., Nosaka T., and Hayashi Y. Roles of a trithorax group gene, MLL, in hematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 81 (2005) 288-293
    • (2005) Int J Hematol , vol.81 , pp. 288-293
    • Ono, R.1    Nosaka, T.2    Hayashi, Y.3
  • 4
    • 4644319204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells and cancer; the polycomb connection
    • Valk-Lingbeek M.E., Bruggeman S.W., and van Lohuizen M. Stem cells and cancer; the polycomb connection. Cell 118 (2004) 409-418
    • (2004) Cell , vol.118 , pp. 409-418
    • Valk-Lingbeek, M.E.1    Bruggeman, S.W.2    van Lohuizen, M.3
  • 5
    • 2342475666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycomb complexes and silencing mechanisms
    • Lund A.H., and van Lohuizen M. Polycomb complexes and silencing mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol 16 (2004) 239-246
    • (2004) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.16 , pp. 239-246
    • Lund, A.H.1    van Lohuizen, M.2
  • 6
    • 8844265508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic regulation of cellular memory by the polycomb and trithorax group proteins
    • Ringrose L., and Paro R. Epigenetic regulation of cellular memory by the polycomb and trithorax group proteins. Annu Rev Genet 38 (2004) 413-443
    • (2004) Annu Rev Genet , vol.38 , pp. 413-443
    • Ringrose, L.1    Paro, R.2
  • 7
    • 15044358494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading signals on the nucleosome with a new nomenclature for modified histones
    • Turner B.M. Reading signals on the nucleosome with a new nomenclature for modified histones. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12 (2005) 110-112
    • (2005) Nat Struct Mol Biol , vol.12 , pp. 110-112
    • Turner, B.M.1
  • 8
    • 1942503942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functions of E(Z)/EZH2-mediated methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3
    • Cao R., and Zhang Y. The functions of E(Z)/EZH2-mediated methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3. Curr Opin Genet Dev 14 (2004) 155-164
    • (2004) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.14 , pp. 155-164
    • Cao, R.1    Zhang, Y.2
  • 10
    • 0037131523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila enhancer of Zeste/ESC complexes have a histone H3 methyltransferase activity that marks chromosomal Polycomb sites
    • Czermin B., Melfi R., McCabe D., Seitz V., Imhof A., and Pirrotta V. Drosophila enhancer of Zeste/ESC complexes have a histone H3 methyltransferase activity that marks chromosomal Polycomb sites. Cell 111 (2002) 185-196
    • (2002) Cell , vol.111 , pp. 185-196
    • Czermin, B.1    Melfi, R.2    McCabe, D.3    Seitz, V.4    Imhof, A.5    Pirrotta, V.6
  • 11
    • 0037111831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone methyltransferase activity associated with a human multiprotein complex containing the enhancer of zeste protein
    • Kuzmichev A., Nishioka K., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., and Reinberg D. Histone methyltransferase activity associated with a human multiprotein complex containing the enhancer of zeste protein. Genes Dev 16 (2002) 2893-2905
    • (2002) Genes Dev , vol.16 , pp. 2893-2905
    • Kuzmichev, A.1    Nishioka, K.2    Erdjument-Bromage, H.3    Tempst, P.4    Reinberg, D.5
  • 13
    • 0035833718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A drosophila polycomb group complex includes zeste and dtafii proteins
    • Saurin A.J., Shao Z., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., and Kingston R.E. A drosophila polycomb group complex includes zeste and dtafii proteins. Nature 412 (2001) 655-660
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 655-660
    • Saurin, A.J.1    Shao, Z.2    Erdjument-Bromage, H.3    Tempst, P.4    Kingston, R.E.5
  • 15
    • 0141785202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene repression by polycomb group protein complexes: a distinct complex for every occasion?
    • Otte A.P., and Kwaks T.H. Gene repression by polycomb group protein complexes: a distinct complex for every occasion?. Curr Opin Genet Dev 13 (2003) 448-454
    • (2003) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.13 , pp. 448-454
    • Otte, A.P.1    Kwaks, T.H.2
  • 16
    • 2942574510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical recruitment of polycomb group silencing complexes
    • Using a combination of RNA interference and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, the hierarchical recruitment of PHO/PHOL, E(Z), H3K27me3 and PC to the Ubx PRE (bxd) and promoter regions is demonstrated. It is proposed that an E(Z)-containing complex facilitates the formation of a chromatin loop that brings the PRE region close to the Ubx promoter, leading to the stable binding of PC to the promoter region.
    • Wang L., Brown J.L., Cao R., Zhang Y., Kassis J.A., and Jones R.S. Hierarchical recruitment of polycomb group silencing complexes. Mol Cell 14 (2004) 637-646. Using a combination of RNA interference and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, the hierarchical recruitment of PHO/PHOL, E(Z), H3K27me3 and PC to the Ubx PRE (bxd) and promoter regions is demonstrated. It is proposed that an E(Z)-containing complex facilitates the formation of a chromatin loop that brings the PRE region close to the Ubx promoter, leading to the stable binding of PC to the promoter region.
    • (2004) Mol Cell , vol.14 , pp. 637-646
    • Wang, L.1    Brown, J.L.2    Cao, R.3    Zhang, Y.4    Kassis, J.A.5    Jones, R.S.6
  • 17
    • 15844430105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment of Drosophila Polycomb group proteins to chromatin by DSP1
    • Despite the presence of binding sites for PHO, GAF and Zeste in a PRE from the Fab-7 region, it is shown that these sites are not sufficient to recruit PcG proteins. An additional site, recognized by the DSP1 protein, is proposed to contribute to PcG recruitment by assisting PHO binding to its cognate target sites.
    • Dejardin J., Rappailles A., Cuvier O., Grimaud C., Decoville M., Locker D., and Cavalli G. Recruitment of Drosophila Polycomb group proteins to chromatin by DSP1. Nature 434 (2005) 533-538. Despite the presence of binding sites for PHO, GAF and Zeste in a PRE from the Fab-7 region, it is shown that these sites are not sufficient to recruit PcG proteins. An additional site, recognized by the DSP1 protein, is proposed to contribute to PcG recruitment by assisting PHO binding to its cognate target sites.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 533-538
    • Dejardin, J.1    Rappailles, A.2    Cuvier, O.3    Grimaud, C.4    Decoville, M.5    Locker, D.6    Cavalli, G.7
  • 18
    • 32044462966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient and specific targeting of polycomb group proteins requires cooperative interaction between grainyhead and pleiohomeotic
    • Blastyák A., Mishra R.K., Karch F., and Gyurkovics H. Efficient and specific targeting of polycomb group proteins requires cooperative interaction between grainyhead and pleiohomeotic. Mol Cell Biol 26 (2006) 1434-1444
    • (2006) Mol Cell Biol , vol.26 , pp. 1434-1444
    • Blastyák, A.1    Mishra, R.K.2    Karch, F.3    Gyurkovics, H.4
  • 19
    • 25144495664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Sp1/KLF binding site is important for the activity of a polycomb group response element from the drosophila engrailed gene
    • Brown J.L., Grau D.J., DeVido S.K., and Kassis J.A. An Sp1/KLF binding site is important for the activity of a polycomb group response element from the drosophila engrailed gene. Nucleic Acids Res 33 (2005) 5181-5189
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.33 , pp. 5181-5189
    • Brown, J.L.1    Grau, D.J.2    DeVido, S.K.3    Kassis, J.A.4
  • 20
    • 7544224445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • YY1 DNA binding and PcG recruitment requires CtBP
    • Srinivasan L., and Atchison M.L. YY1 DNA binding and PcG recruitment requires CtBP. Genes Dev 18 (2004) 2596-2601
    • (2004) Genes Dev , vol.18 , pp. 2596-2601
    • Srinivasan, L.1    Atchison, M.L.2
  • 21
    • 23744459419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic recognition of an epigenetic DNA element by pleiohomeotic and a polycomb core complex
    • Mohd-Sarip A., Cleard F., Mishra R.K., Karch F., and Verrijzer C.P. Synergistic recognition of an epigenetic DNA element by pleiohomeotic and a polycomb core complex. Genes Dev 19 (2005) 1755-1760
    • (2005) Genes Dev , vol.19 , pp. 1755-1760
    • Mohd-Sarip, A.1    Cleard, F.2    Mishra, R.K.3    Karch, F.4    Verrijzer, C.P.5
  • 22
    • 8844259568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenome changes in active and inactive polycomb-group-controlled regions
    • Breiling A., O'Neill L.P., D'Eliseo D., Turner B.M., and Orlando V. Epigenome changes in active and inactive polycomb-group-controlled regions. EMBO Rep 5 (2004) 976-982
    • (2004) EMBO Rep , vol.5 , pp. 976-982
    • Breiling, A.1    O'Neill, L.P.2    D'Eliseo, D.3    Turner, B.M.4    Orlando, V.5
  • 23
    • 0842304513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of CHRASCH, a polycomb-containing silencing complex
    • Huang D.H., and Chang Y.L. Isolation and characterization of CHRASCH, a polycomb-containing silencing complex. Methods Enzymol 377 (2004) 267-282
    • (2004) Methods Enzymol , vol.377 , pp. 267-282
    • Huang, D.H.1    Chang, Y.L.2
  • 24
    • 1842457722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin inheritance upon zeste-mediated brahma recruitment at a minimal cellular memory module
    • Dejardin J., and Cavalli G. Chromatin inheritance upon zeste-mediated brahma recruitment at a minimal cellular memory module. EMBO J 23 (2004) 857-868
    • (2004) EMBO J , vol.23 , pp. 857-868
    • Dejardin, J.1    Cavalli, G.2
  • 25
    • 0036337188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zeste maintains repression of Ubx transgenes: support for a new model of polycomb repression
    • Hur M.W., Laney J.D., Jeon S.H., Ali J., and Biggin M.D. Zeste maintains repression of Ubx transgenes: support for a new model of polycomb repression. Development 129 (2002) 1339-1343
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 1339-1343
    • Hur, M.W.1    Laney, J.D.2    Jeon, S.H.3    Ali, J.4    Biggin, M.D.5
  • 26
    • 7544230144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Polycomb Ezh2 methyltransferase regulates muscle gene expression and skeletal muscle differentiation
    • Caretti G., Di Padova M., Micales B., Lyons G.E., and Sartorelli V. The Polycomb Ezh2 methyltransferase regulates muscle gene expression and skeletal muscle differentiation. Genes Dev 18 (2004) 2627-2638
    • (2004) Genes Dev , vol.18 , pp. 2627-2638
    • Caretti, G.1    Di Padova, M.2    Micales, B.3    Lyons, G.E.4    Sartorelli, V.5
  • 27
    • 0037047439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate gene activation in FSHD: a repressor complex binds a chromosomal repeat deleted in dystrophic muscle
    • Gabellini D., Green M.R., and Tupler R. Inappropriate gene activation in FSHD: a repressor complex binds a chromosomal repeat deleted in dystrophic muscle. Cell 110 (2002) 339-348
    • (2002) Cell , vol.110 , pp. 339-348
    • Gabellini, D.1    Green, M.R.2    Tupler, R.3
  • 29
    • 8844219674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct contributions of histone H3 lysine 9 and 27 methylation to locus-specific stability of Polycomb complexes
    • The authors use predicted PREs to measure enrichment levels of PC, GAF, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. For all PREs examined, a strong correlation is found between PC binding and histone methylation, but no clear correlation is seen with respect to the transcription status of the cognate genes.
    • Ringrose L., Ehret H., and Paro R. Distinct contributions of histone H3 lysine 9 and 27 methylation to locus-specific stability of Polycomb complexes. Mol Cell 16 (2004) 641-653. The authors use predicted PREs to measure enrichment levels of PC, GAF, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. For all PREs examined, a strong correlation is found between PC binding and histone methylation, but no clear correlation is seen with respect to the transcription status of the cognate genes.
    • (2004) Mol Cell , vol.16 , pp. 641-653
    • Ringrose, L.1    Ehret, H.2    Paro, R.3
  • 31
    • 7244234099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of histone H2A ubiquitination in polycomb silencing
    • This study demonstrates that PRC1 has intrinsic H2A-K119 ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. Analysis of the three ring-domain-containing proteins indicates that RING2/Ring1B is the catalytic subunit.
    • Wang H., Wang L., Erdjument-Bromage H., Vidal M., Tempst P., Jones R.S., and Zhang Y. Role of histone H2A ubiquitination in polycomb silencing. Nature 431 (2004) 873-878. This study demonstrates that PRC1 has intrinsic H2A-K119 ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. Analysis of the three ring-domain-containing proteins indicates that RING2/Ring1B is the catalytic subunit.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 873-878
    • Wang, H.1    Wang, L.2    Erdjument-Bromage, H.3    Vidal, M.4    Tempst, P.5    Jones, R.S.6    Zhang, Y.7
  • 32
    • 29144487990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Bmi-1 and Ring1A in H2A ubiquitylation and Hox gene silencing
    • Using Bmi-1- and Ring1A-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), the authors demonstrate that both genes contribute to H2A ubiquitinylation in vivo and are important for Hox gene silencing. The manipulation of H3K27 methylation and H2A ubiquitinylation by knockdown SUZ12 or knockout Bmi-1, respectively, shows that both marks cooperate to mediate Hox gene silencing, with H3K27me being upstream of H2Aub.
    • Cao R., Tsukada Y., and Zhang Y. Role of Bmi-1 and Ring1A in H2A ubiquitylation and Hox gene silencing. Mol Cell 20 (2005) 845-854. Using Bmi-1- and Ring1A-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), the authors demonstrate that both genes contribute to H2A ubiquitinylation in vivo and are important for Hox gene silencing. The manipulation of H3K27 methylation and H2A ubiquitinylation by knockdown SUZ12 or knockout Bmi-1, respectively, shows that both marks cooperate to mediate Hox gene silencing, with H3K27me being upstream of H2Aub.
    • (2005) Mol Cell , vol.20 , pp. 845-854
    • Cao, R.1    Tsukada, Y.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 34
    • 1942502862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different EZH2-containing complexes target methylation of histone H1 or nucleosomal histone H3
    • Kuzmichev A., Jenuwein T., Tempst P., and Reinberg D. Different EZH2-containing complexes target methylation of histone H1 or nucleosomal histone H3. Mol Cell 14 (2004) 183-193
    • (2004) Mol Cell , vol.14 , pp. 183-193
    • Kuzmichev, A.1    Jenuwein, T.2    Tempst, P.3    Reinberg, D.4
  • 36
    • 0034785891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of a functional core polycomb repressive complex
    • Francis N.J., Saurin A.J., Shao Z., and Kingston R.E. Reconstitution of a functional core polycomb repressive complex. Mol Cell 8 (2001) 545-556
    • (2001) Mol Cell , vol.8 , pp. 545-556
    • Francis, N.J.1    Saurin, A.J.2    Shao, Z.3    Kingston, R.E.4
  • 37
    • 9444244427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin compaction by a polycomb group protein complex
    • Francis N.J., Kingston R.E., and Woodcock C.L. Chromatin compaction by a polycomb group protein complex. Science 306 (2004) 1574-1577
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 1574-1577
    • Francis, N.J.1    Kingston, R.E.2    Woodcock, C.L.3
  • 38
    • 0035833726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General transcription factors bind promoters repressed by polycomb group proteins
    • Breiling A., Turner B.M., Bianchi M.E., and Orlando V. General transcription factors bind promoters repressed by polycomb group proteins. Nature 412 (2001) 651-655
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 651-655
    • Breiling, A.1    Turner, B.M.2    Bianchi, M.E.3    Orlando, V.4
  • 40
    • 26244456163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycomb group protein complexes exchange rapidly in living Drosophila
    • FRAP experiments using GFP-tagged PcG proteins are used to determine the kinetic properties of PcG proteins during development in whole living Drosophila embryos and tissues. This study reveals that PcG complexes are exchangeable protein assemblies, similar to what has been described for the heterochromatin protein HP1. This suggests that flexibility and the continuous exchange of PcG factors at chromatin target sites are compatible with stable repression. This property might also be crucial for the regulation of more dynamic PcG-dependent processes.
    • Ficz G., Heintzmann R., and Arndt-Jovin D.J. Polycomb group protein complexes exchange rapidly in living Drosophila. Development 132 (2005) 3963-3976. FRAP experiments using GFP-tagged PcG proteins are used to determine the kinetic properties of PcG proteins during development in whole living Drosophila embryos and tissues. This study reveals that PcG complexes are exchangeable protein assemblies, similar to what has been described for the heterochromatin protein HP1. This suggests that flexibility and the continuous exchange of PcG factors at chromatin target sites are compatible with stable repression. This property might also be crucial for the regulation of more dynamic PcG-dependent processes.
    • (2005) Development , vol.132 , pp. 3963-3976
    • Ficz, G.1    Heintzmann, R.2    Arndt-Jovin, D.J.3
  • 41
    • 28544450393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of BMI1 with polycomb bodies is dynamic and requires PRC2/EZH2 and the maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1
    • On the basis of FRAP experiments with a U2OS cell line stably expressing BMI1-GFP, the authors describe two kinetically different pools of BMI1 in PcG bodies located in pericentric heterochromatin. A highly mobile and a less dynamic fraction were found, possibly reflecting different binding capacities of PcG proteins to the heterochromatin domains. Importantly, PRC2 members and DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) are necessary for proper PcG body assembly, in agreement with data from [58].
    • Hernandez-Munoz I., Taghavi P., Kuijl C., Neefjes J., and van Lohuizen M. Association of BMI1 with polycomb bodies is dynamic and requires PRC2/EZH2 and the maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1. Mol Cell Biol 25 (2005) 11047-11058. On the basis of FRAP experiments with a U2OS cell line stably expressing BMI1-GFP, the authors describe two kinetically different pools of BMI1 in PcG bodies located in pericentric heterochromatin. A highly mobile and a less dynamic fraction were found, possibly reflecting different binding capacities of PcG proteins to the heterochromatin domains. Importantly, PRC2 members and DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) are necessary for proper PcG body assembly, in agreement with data from [58].
    • (2005) Mol Cell Biol , vol.25 , pp. 11047-11058
    • Hernandez-Munoz, I.1    Taghavi, P.2    Kuijl, C.3    Neefjes, J.4    van Lohuizen, M.5
  • 42
    • 19744379789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear re-organisation of the Hoxb complex during mouse embryonic development
    • Chambeyron S., Da Silva N.R., Lawson K.A., and Bickmore W.A. Nuclear re-organisation of the Hoxb complex during mouse embryonic development. Development 132 (2005) 2215-2223
    • (2005) Development , vol.132 , pp. 2215-2223
    • Chambeyron, S.1    Da Silva, N.R.2    Lawson, K.A.3    Bickmore, W.A.4
  • 43
    • 23044477774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inversion-induced disruption of the Hoxd cluster leads to the partition of regulatory landscapes
    • Spitz F., Herkenne C., Morris M.A., and Duboule D. Inversion-induced disruption of the Hoxd cluster leads to the partition of regulatory landscapes. Nat Genet 37 (2005) 889-893
    • (2005) Nat Genet , vol.37 , pp. 889-893
    • Spitz, F.1    Herkenne, C.2    Morris, M.A.3    Duboule, D.4
  • 44
    • 0141706718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inheritance of polycomb-dependent chromosomal interactions in Drosophila
    • Using three-dimensional two-color FISH analysis, it was demonstrated that the PRE-containing Fab-7 element from the bithorax complex leads to association between homologous Fab-7 transgenes or between a Fab-7 transgene and the endogenous Fab-7, even when inserted in different chromosomes. Importantly, these long-distance interactions enhance PcG-mediated silencing. See also note added in proof.
    • Bantignies F., Grimaud C., Lavrov S., Gabut M., and Cavalli G. Inheritance of polycomb-dependent chromosomal interactions in Drosophila. Genes Dev 17 (2003) 2406-2420. Using three-dimensional two-color FISH analysis, it was demonstrated that the PRE-containing Fab-7 element from the bithorax complex leads to association between homologous Fab-7 transgenes or between a Fab-7 transgene and the endogenous Fab-7, even when inserted in different chromosomes. Importantly, these long-distance interactions enhance PcG-mediated silencing. See also note added in proof.
    • (2003) Genes Dev , vol.17 , pp. 2406-2420
    • Bantignies, F.1    Grimaud, C.2    Lavrov, S.3    Gabut, M.4    Cavalli, G.5
  • 45
    • 1242339582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagation of silencing; recruitment and repression of naive chromatin in trans by polycomb repressed chromatin
    • Lavigne M., Francis N.J., King I.F., and Kingston R.E. Propagation of silencing; recruitment and repression of naive chromatin in trans by polycomb repressed chromatin. Mol Cell 13 (2004) 415-425
    • (2004) Mol Cell , vol.13 , pp. 415-425
    • Lavigne, M.1    Francis, N.J.2    King, I.F.3    Kingston, R.E.4
  • 46
    • 0037007221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAGA can mediate enhancer function in trans by linking two separate DNA molecules
    • Mahmoudi T., Katsani K.R., and Verrijzer C.P. GAGA can mediate enhancer function in trans by linking two separate DNA molecules. EMBO J 21 (2002) 1775-1781
    • (2002) EMBO J , vol.21 , pp. 1775-1781
    • Mahmoudi, T.1    Katsani, K.R.2    Verrijzer, C.P.3
  • 47
    • 33644770293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNAi components are required for nuclear clustering of polycomb group response elements
    • Using transgenic lines containing multiple copies of the PRE-containing Fab-7 element, a link between the RNAi machinery and the clustering of PcG target sequences is established. Importantly, this nuclear gene clustering is correlated with the production of siRNAs, and components of the RNAi machinery colocalize with PcG bodies in interphase nuclei.
    • Grimaud C., Bantignies F., Pal-Bhadra M., Ghana P., Bhadra U., and Cavalli G. RNAi components are required for nuclear clustering of polycomb group response elements. Cell 124 (2006) 957-971. Using transgenic lines containing multiple copies of the PRE-containing Fab-7 element, a link between the RNAi machinery and the clustering of PcG target sequences is established. Importantly, this nuclear gene clustering is correlated with the production of siRNAs, and components of the RNAi machinery colocalize with PcG bodies in interphase nuclei.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.124 , pp. 957-971
    • Grimaud, C.1    Bantignies, F.2    Pal-Bhadra, M.3    Ghana, P.4    Bhadra, U.5    Cavalli, G.6
  • 48
    • 11844265935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an essential component of a self-enforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA production
    • Sugiyama T., Cam H., Verdel A., Moazed D., and Grewal S.I. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an essential component of a self-enforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (2005) 152-157
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 152-157
    • Sugiyama, T.1    Cam, H.2    Verdel, A.3    Moazed, D.4    Grewal, S.I.5
  • 51
    • 20444494936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interchromosomal associations between alternatively expressed loci
    • The authors use both chromosome conformation capture (CCC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to show that the IFNγ locus on mouse chromosome 10 and the Th2 cytokine gene locus on chromosome 11 associate in interphase nuclei. This association occurs prior to gene activation during T-cell differentiation, and may play a role in the regulation of these genes.
    • Spilianakis C.G., Lalioti M.D., Town T., Lee G.R., and Flavell R.A. Interchromosomal associations between alternatively expressed loci. Nature 435 (2005) 637-645. The authors use both chromosome conformation capture (CCC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to show that the IFNγ locus on mouse chromosome 10 and the Th2 cytokine gene locus on chromosome 11 associate in interphase nuclei. This association occurs prior to gene activation during T-cell differentiation, and may play a role in the regulation of these genes.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 637-645
    • Spilianakis, C.G.1    Lalioti, M.D.2    Town, T.3    Lee, G.R.4    Flavell, R.A.5
  • 52
    • 33644751726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient colocalization of X-inactivation centres accompanies the initiation of X inactivation
    • Bacher C.P., Guggiari M., Brors B., Augui S., Clerc P., Avner P., Eils R., and Heard E. Transient colocalization of X-inactivation centres accompanies the initiation of X inactivation. Nat Cell Biol 8 (2006) 293-299
    • (2006) Nat Cell Biol , vol.8 , pp. 293-299
    • Bacher, C.P.1    Guggiari, M.2    Brors, B.3    Augui, S.4    Clerc, P.5    Avner, P.6    Eils, R.7    Heard, E.8
  • 53
    • 33644557773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient homologous chromosome pairing marks the onset of x inactivation
    • Xu N., Tsai C.L., and Lee J.T. Transient homologous chromosome pairing marks the onset of x inactivation. Science 311 (2006) 1149-1152
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 1149-1152
    • Xu, N.1    Tsai, C.L.2    Lee, J.T.3
  • 54
    • 24344454298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delving into the diversity of facultative heterochromatin: the epigenetics of the inactive X chromosome
    • Heard E. Delving into the diversity of facultative heterochromatin: the epigenetics of the inactive X chromosome. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15 (2005) 482-489
    • (2005) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.15 , pp. 482-489
    • Heard, E.1
  • 56
    • 9644281546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imprinting along the Kcnq1 domain on mouse chromosome 7 involves repressive histone methylation and recruitment of polycomb group complexes
    • Umlauf D., Goto Y., Cao R., Cerqueira F., Wagschal A., Zhang Y., and Feil R. Imprinting along the Kcnq1 domain on mouse chromosome 7 involves repressive histone methylation and recruitment of polycomb group complexes. Nat Genet 36 (2004) 1296-1300
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 1296-1300
    • Umlauf, D.1    Goto, Y.2    Cao, R.3    Cerqueira, F.4    Wagschal, A.5    Zhang, Y.6    Feil, R.7
  • 57
    • 9644266664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imprinting on distal chromosome 7 in the placenta involves repressive histone methylation independent of DNA methylation
    • Lewis A., Mitsuya K., Umlauf D., Smith P., Dean W., Walter J., Higgins M., Feil R., and Reik W. Imprinting on distal chromosome 7 in the placenta involves repressive histone methylation independent of DNA methylation. Nat Genet 36 (2004) 1291-1295
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 1291-1295
    • Lewis, A.1    Mitsuya, K.2    Umlauf, D.3    Smith, P.4    Dean, W.5    Walter, J.6    Higgins, M.7    Feil, R.8    Reik, W.9
  • 58
    • 0037381174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome imprinting regulated by the mouse polycomb group protein Eed
    • Mager J., Montgomery N.D., de Villena F.P., and Magnuson T. Genome imprinting regulated by the mouse polycomb group protein Eed. Nat Genet 33 (2003) 502-507
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.33 , pp. 502-507
    • Mager, J.1    Montgomery, N.D.2    de Villena, F.P.3    Magnuson, T.4
  • 59
    • 32844459336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polycomb group protein EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation
    • This study demonstrates a link between the PcG proteins and CpG DNA methylation. EZH2 interacts with three DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) and associates with DNMT activity in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using U2OS cells and RNAi knockdown indicate that the binding of DNMTs to several PcG-repressed target genes depends on the presence of EZH2. Furthermore, EZH2 is required for DNA methylation of PcG-target promoters.
    • Vire E., Brenner C., Deplus R., Blanchon L., Fraga M., Didelot C., Morey L., Van Eynde A., Bernard D., Vanderwinden J.M., et al. The polycomb group protein EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation. Nature 439 (2006) 871-874. This study demonstrates a link between the PcG proteins and CpG DNA methylation. EZH2 interacts with three DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) and associates with DNMT activity in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using U2OS cells and RNAi knockdown indicate that the binding of DNMTs to several PcG-repressed target genes depends on the presence of EZH2. Furthermore, EZH2 is required for DNA methylation of PcG-target promoters.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 871-874
    • Vire, E.1    Brenner, C.2    Deplus, R.3    Blanchon, L.4    Fraga, M.5    Didelot, C.6    Morey, L.7    Van Eynde, A.8    Bernard, D.9    Vanderwinden, J.M.10
  • 60
    • 31444452060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic silencers and notch collaborate to promote malignant tumours by Rb silencing
    • Overexpression of two PcG-related DNA-binding factors coupled with overexpression of the Notch-Delta pathway is able to induce tumors via silencing of a Drosophila homologue of the Retinoblastoma protein. This silencing is dependent on Pc, and is associated with CpG DNA methylation. This study establishes a mechanism linking the Notch-Delta pathway, the PcG pathway and cell-cycle control in the progression of cancer.
    • Ferres-Marco D., Gutierrez-Garcia I., Vallejo D.M., Bolivar J., Gutierrez-Avino F.J., and Dominguez M. Epigenetic silencers and notch collaborate to promote malignant tumours by Rb silencing. Nature 439 (2006) 430-436. Overexpression of two PcG-related DNA-binding factors coupled with overexpression of the Notch-Delta pathway is able to induce tumors via silencing of a Drosophila homologue of the Retinoblastoma protein. This silencing is dependent on Pc, and is associated with CpG DNA methylation. This study establishes a mechanism linking the Notch-Delta pathway, the PcG pathway and cell-cycle control in the progression of cancer.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 430-436
    • Ferres-Marco, D.1    Gutierrez-Garcia, I.2    Vallejo, D.M.3    Bolivar, J.4    Gutierrez-Avino, F.J.5    Dominguez, M.6
  • 61
    • 0242362735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide prediction of polycomb/trithorax response elements in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Ringrose L., Rehmsmeier M., Dura J.M., and Paro R. Genome-wide prediction of polycomb/trithorax response elements in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Cell 5 (2003) 759-771
    • (2003) Dev Cell , vol.5 , pp. 759-771
    • Ringrose, L.1    Rehmsmeier, M.2    Dura, J.M.3    Paro, R.4
  • 62
    • 32644437737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycomb group-dependent cyclin A repression in Drosophila
    • A PRE is isolated within the Cyclin A gene. This PRE shares most features with homeotic PREs, suggesting that, at least in part, common silencing mechanisms might regulate both types of target genes.
    • Martinez A.M., Colomb S., Dejardin J., Bantignies F., and Cavalli G. Polycomb group-dependent cyclin A repression in Drosophila. Genes Dev 20 (2006) 501-513. A PRE is isolated within the Cyclin A gene. This PRE shares most features with homeotic PREs, suggesting that, at least in part, common silencing mechanisms might regulate both types of target genes.
    • (2006) Genes Dev , vol.20 , pp. 501-513
    • Martinez, A.M.1    Colomb, S.2    Dejardin, J.3    Bantignies, F.4    Cavalli, G.5
  • 63
    • 0033552813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oncogene and polycomb-group gene bmi-1 regulates cell proliferation and senescence through the ink4a locus
    • Jacobs J.J., Kieboom K., Marino S., DePinho R.A., and van Lohuizen M. The oncogene and polycomb-group gene bmi-1 regulates cell proliferation and senescence through the ink4a locus. Nature 397 (1999) 164-168
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 164-168
    • Jacobs, J.J.1    Kieboom, K.2    Marino, S.3    DePinho, R.A.4    van Lohuizen, M.5
  • 64
    • 0037673984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bmi-1 determines the proliferative capacity of normal and leukaemic stem cells
    • Lessard J., and Sauvageau G. Bmi-1 determines the proliferative capacity of normal and leukaemic stem cells. Nature 423 (2003) 255-260
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 255-260
    • Lessard, J.1    Sauvageau, G.2
  • 66
    • 4744344066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetics and cancer
    • Lund A.H., and van Lohuizen M. Epigenetics and cancer. Genes Dev 18 (2004) 2315-2335
    • (2004) Genes Dev , vol.18 , pp. 2315-2335
    • Lund, A.H.1    van Lohuizen, M.2
  • 67
    • 27644467360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific TAFs counteract polycomb to turn on terminal differentiation
    • The authors show that testis-specific TAF (TBP-associated factor, tTAF) homologues in Drosophila, which are required for the terminal differentiation of male germ cells, may activate target gene expression, in part by sequestering PcG proteins to the nucleolus. This finding provides a mechanism for how specific cell types can enter a differentiation program by counteracting PcG-dependent repression, and highlights the importance of subnuclear localization of PcG factors in this regulation.
    • Chen X., Hiller M., Sancak Y., and Fuller M.T. Tissue-specific TAFs counteract polycomb to turn on terminal differentiation. Science 310 (2005) 869-872. The authors show that testis-specific TAF (TBP-associated factor, tTAF) homologues in Drosophila, which are required for the terminal differentiation of male germ cells, may activate target gene expression, in part by sequestering PcG proteins to the nucleolus. This finding provides a mechanism for how specific cell types can enter a differentiation program by counteracting PcG-dependent repression, and highlights the importance of subnuclear localization of PcG factors in this regulation.
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 869-872
    • Chen, X.1    Hiller, M.2    Sancak, Y.3    Fuller, M.T.4
  • 68
    • 24944520037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cellular plasticity in drosophila imaginal disc cells by the Polycomb group, trithorax group and lama genes
    • ••], although using a different approach. The authors analyze the changes in gene expressions during transdetermination using a DNA microarray approach. Among the genes with changes in expression are members of the PcG and of the trxG. These genes are shown to affect transdetermination using functional tests.
    • ••], although using a different approach. The authors analyze the changes in gene expressions during transdetermination using a DNA microarray approach. Among the genes with changes in expression are members of the PcG and of the trxG. These genes are shown to affect transdetermination using functional tests.
    • (2005) Development , vol.132 , pp. 3753-3765
    • Klebes, A.1    Sustar, A.2    Kechris, K.3    Li, H.4    Schubiger, G.5    Kornberg, T.B.6
  • 69
    • 27744555810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of Polycomb group proteins by JNK signalling induces transdetermination in Drosophila imaginal discs
    • The downregulation of PcG function, as monitored by the reactivation of a silent PcG-regulated reporter gene, is observed in transdetermined cells. This downregulation is dependent on the JNK signaling pathway, which is activated in cells undergoing regeneration. The role of PcG downregulation may be to render the cells susceptible to a change in cell identity by shifting chromatin to a reprogrammable state. This property may have important implications for studies of stem cell plasticity and tissue remodeling.
    • Lee N., Maurange C., Ringrose L., and Paro R. Suppression of Polycomb group proteins by JNK signalling induces transdetermination in Drosophila imaginal discs. Nature 438 (2005) 234-237. The downregulation of PcG function, as monitored by the reactivation of a silent PcG-regulated reporter gene, is observed in transdetermined cells. This downregulation is dependent on the JNK signaling pathway, which is activated in cells undergoing regeneration. The role of PcG downregulation may be to render the cells susceptible to a change in cell identity by shifting chromatin to a reprogrammable state. This property may have important implications for studies of stem cell plasticity and tissue remodeling.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 234-237
    • Lee, N.1    Maurange, C.2    Ringrose, L.3    Paro, R.4
  • 70
    • 0036299092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The histone variant H3.3 marks active chromatin by replication-independent nucleosome assembly
    • Ahmad K., and Henikoff S. The histone variant H3.3 marks active chromatin by replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Mol Cell 9 (2002) 1191-1200
    • (2002) Mol Cell , vol.9 , pp. 1191-1200
    • Ahmad, K.1    Henikoff, S.2
  • 71
    • 28844475262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation by aurora B causes HP1 dissociation from heterochromatin
    • Hirota T., Lipp J.J., Toh B.H., and Peters J.M. Histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation by aurora B causes HP1 dissociation from heterochromatin. Nature 438 (2005) 1176-1180
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 1176-1180
    • Hirota, T.1    Lipp, J.J.2    Toh, B.H.3    Peters, J.M.4
  • 74
    • 23344450547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subunit contributions to histone methyltransferase activities of fly and worm polycomb group complexes
    • Ketel C.S., Andersen E.F., Vargas M.L., Suh J., Strome S., and Simon J.A. Subunit contributions to histone methyltransferase activities of fly and worm polycomb group complexes. Mol Cell Biol 25 (2005) 6857-6868
    • (2005) Mol Cell Biol , vol.25 , pp. 6857-6868
    • Ketel, C.S.1    Andersen, E.F.2    Vargas, M.L.3    Suh, J.4    Strome, S.5    Simon, J.A.6
  • 75
    • 33745599723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vazquez J, Müller M, Pirrotta V, Sedat J: The Mcp element mediates stable long-range chromosome-chromosome interactions in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2006, in press.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.