Salt conservation, free surface, and varying levels: A new formulation for ocean general circulation models

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 105, Issue C10, 2000, Pages 23927-23942

  Roullet, Guillaume ^a,b   Madec, Gurvan ^a  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b Centre Bretagne   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRCULATION MODELING; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SALINITY;

EID: 0033677863     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000jc900089     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Barthelet, P., et al., Simulations couplées globales des changements climatiques associés à une augmentation de la teneur atmosphérique en CO2, C. R. Acad. Sci., Série A, 326, 677-684, 1998.
2. Blanke, B., and P. Delecluse, Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed layer physics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1363-1388, 1993.
3. Bleck, R., and L. T. Smith, A wind-driven isopycnic coordinate model of the North and equatorial Atlantic Ocean, 1, Model development and supporting experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 25, 3273-3285, 1990.
4. Delecluse, P., and G. Madec, Ocean Modelling and the Role of the Ocean in the Climate System, in Modeling the Earth's Climate and its Variability, edited by W. R. Holland, S. Jousseaume, and F. Davids, pp. 237-305, Les Houches Summer School Proceedings, 67, Elsevier Science, 1999.
5. Deque, M., C. Dreveton, A. Braun, and D. Cariolle, The climate version of Arpège IFS: A contribution to the French community climate modelling, Clim. Dyn., 10, 249-266, 1994.
6. Dukowicz, J. K., and R. D. Smith, Implicit free-surface method for the Bryan-Cox-Semtner ocean model, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7991-8014, 1994.
7. Guilyardi, E., G. Madec, and L. Terray, The role of lateral ocean physics in the upper ocean thermal balance of a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM, Notes du Pôle de Modélisation 13, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, 1999.
8. Guyon, M., G. Madec, F.-X. Roux, M. Imbard, C. Herbaut, and P. Fronier, Domain decomposition method as a nut-shell for massively parallel ocean modelling with OPA model., Notes du Pôle de Modélisation 12, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, 1999.
9. Hallberg, R., Stable split time stepping schemes for large-scale ocean modelling, J. Comput. Phys., 135, 54-65, 1997.
10. Higdon, R. L., and A. F. Benett, Stability analysis of operator splitting for large-scale ocean modelling, J. Comput. Phys., 123, 311-329, 1996.
11. Hu, D., Global-scale water masses, meridional circulation, and heat transport simulated with a global isopycnal ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 96-120, 1997.
12. Huang, R. X., Real freshwater flux as a natural boundary condition for the salinity-balance and thermohaline circulation forced by evaporation and precipitation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2428-2446, 1993.
13. Jackett, D. R., and T. J. McDougall, Minimal adjustment of hydrographic data to achieve static stability, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 12, 1363-1388, 1995.
14. Killworth, P. D., D. Stainforth, D. J. Webb, and S. M. Paterson, The development of a free-surface Bryan-Cox-Semtner ocean model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1333-1348, 1991.
15. Ledwell, J. R., A. J. Watson, and C. S. Law, Mixing of tracer in the pycnocline, Nature, 364, 701-703, 1997.
16. Levitus, S., Climatological atlas of the World Ocean, technical report, NOAA Prof. Paper 13, 1982.
17. Lowe, J. A., and J. M. Gregory, The salinity drift of HadCM3: Description, analysis and a scheme to correct the global average, technical note, Hadley Centre, 1998.
18. Madec, G., and M. Imbard, A global ocean mesh to overcome the North Pole singularity, Clim. Dyn., 12, 381-388, 1996.
19. Madec, G., C. Rahier, and M. Chartier, A comparison of 2D elliptic solvers for the barotropic streamfunction in a multilevel OGCM, Ocean Modelling, 78, 1-6, 1988.
20. Madec, G., F. Lott, P. Delecluse, and M. Crépon, Large scale pre-conditioning of deep water formation in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1393-1408, 1996.
21. Madec, G., P. Delecluse, M. Imbard, and C. Lévy, OPA 8.1 Ocean General Circulation Model, reference manual, Notes du Pôle de Modélisation 11, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, 1998.
22. Marti, O., G. Madec, and P. Delecluse, Comment on "Net diffusivity in ocean general circulation models with nonuniform grids" by F. L. Yin and I. Y. Fung., J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,763-12,766, 1992.
23. Mellor, G. L., and T. Ezer, Sea level variations induced by heating and cooling: An evaluation of the Boussinesq approximation in ocean models, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,565-20,577, 1995.
24. Müller, P., Ertel's potential vorticity theorem in physical oceanography, Rev. Geophys., 33, 67-97, 1995.
25. Morel, P., and O. Talagrand, Dynamic approach to meteorological data assimilation, Tellus, 26, 334-343, 1974.
26. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation, J. Clim., 7, 929-948, 1994.
27. Sadourny, R., The dynamics of finite-difference models of the shallow-water equations, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 680-689, 1975.
28. Smith, R. D., and J. Dukowicz, Parallel ocean general circulation modeling, Physica D, 60, 38-61, 1992.
29. Stommel, H. M., and G. T. Csadany, A relation between the T-S curve and global heat and atmospheric water transports, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 495-501, 1980.
30. Vallis, G. K., Mechanisms and parametrizations of geostrophic adjustment and a variational approach to balanced flow, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1144-1160, 1992.
31. Vialard, J., and P. Delecluse, An OGCM study for the TOGA decade, part I: Role of salinity in the physics of the western Pacific fresh pool, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1071-1088, 1998.
32. Webb, D. J., B. A. de Cuevas, and A. C. Coward, The first main run of the OCCAM global ocean model, Tech. Rep. 34, Southampton Oceanogr. Cent., Southampton, England, U.K., 1998.
33. Zhang, R. H., and M. Endoh, A free surface general circulation model for the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,237-11,255, 1992.