메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 601-620

Triggering of El Niño by westerly wind events in a coupled general circulation model

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; EL NINO; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; WIND FORCING;

EID: 10444244132     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-004-0457-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (209)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0042346369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic role of a westerly wind burst in triggering an equatorial Pacific warm event
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<1869:DROAWW>2.0.CO;2
    • Belamari S, Redelsperger J-L, Pontaud M (2003) Dynamic role of a westerly wind burst in triggering an equatorial Pacific warm event. J Climate 16:1869-1890 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<1869:DROAWW>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 1869-1890
    • Belamari, S.1    Redelsperger, J.-L.2    Pontaud, M.3
  • 3
    • 0027884203 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the tropical Atlantic ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed layer physics
    • 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<1363:VOTTAO>2.0.CO;2
    • Blanke B, Delecluse P (1993) Variability of the tropical Atlantic ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed layer physics. J Phys Oceanogr 23:1363-1388 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<1363:VOTTAO>2.0.CO;2
    • (1993) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.23 , pp. 1363-1388
    • Blanke, B.1    Delecluse, P.2
  • 4
    • 0031176640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the effect of stochasting wind stress forcing on ENSO irregularity
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1473:ETEOSW>2.0.CO;2
    • Blanke B, Neelin JD, Gutzler D (1997) Estimating the effect of stochasting wind stress forcing on ENSO irregularity. J Climate 10:1473-1486 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1473:ETEOSW>2.0.CO;2
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1473-1486
    • Blanke, B.1    Neelin, J.D.2    Gutzler, D.3
  • 5
    • 0032965959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long equatorial wave reflection in the Pacific Ocean from TOPEX/POSEIDON data during the 1992-1998 period
    • 10.1007/s003820050277
    • Boulanger J-P, Menkes C (1999) Long equatorial wave reflection in the Pacific Ocean from TOPEX/POSEIDON data during the 1992-1998 period. Clim Dyn 15:205-225 10.1007/s003820050277
    • (1999) Clim. Dyn. , vol.15 , pp. 205-225
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Menkes, C.2
  • 6
    • 0035870336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of non-linear oceanic processes in the response to westerly wind events: New implications for the 1997 El Niño onset
    • 10.1029/2000GL012364 DOI: 10.1029/2000GL012364
    • Boulanger J-P, Durand E, Duvel J-P, Menkes C, Delecluse P, Immbard M, Lengaigne M, Madec G, Masson S (2001) Role of non-linear oceanic processes in the response to westerly wind events: New implications for the 1997 El Niño onset. Geophys Res Lett 28:1603-1606. DOI: 10.1029/2000GL012364
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1603-1606
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Durand, E.2    Duvel, J.-P.3    Menkes, C.4    Delecluse, P.5    Immbard, M.6    Lengaigne, M.7    Madec, G.8    Masson, S.9
  • 7
    • 2142769807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of high- and low-frequency winds and wave reflection in the onset, growth and termination of the 1997/98 El Niño
    • 10.1007/s00382-003-0383-8 DOI: 10.1007/s00382-003-0383-8
    • Boulanger J-P, Menkes C, Lengaigne M (2004) Role of high- and low-frequency winds and wave reflection in the onset, growth and termination of the 1997/98 El Niño. Clim Dyn 22:267-280. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-003-0383-8
    • (2004) Clim. Dyn. , vol.22 , pp. 267-280
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Menkes, C.2    Lengaigne, M.3
  • 8
    • 0033377066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic feedback from ocean and vegetation of the African monsoon response to mid-Holocene insolation
    • 10.1029/1999GL006047 DOI: 10.1029/1999GL006047
    • Braconnot P, Joussaume S, Marti O, de Noblet N (1999) Synergistic feedback from ocean and vegetation of the African monsoon response to mid-Holocene insolation. Geophys Res Lett 26:2481-2484. DOI: 10.1029/1999GL006047
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 2481-2484
    • Braconnot, P.1    Joussaume, S.2    Marti, O.3    de Noblet, N.4
  • 9
    • 0036795878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Predictability on interannual to decadal time scales: The initial value problem
    • 10.1007/s00382-002-0254-8
    • Collins M (2002) Climate Predictability on interannual to decadal time scales: The initial value problem. Clim Dyn 19:671-692 10.1007/s00382-002-0254-8
    • (2002) Clim. Dyn. , vol.19 , pp. 671-692
    • Collins, M.1
  • 10
    • 0030812791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The upper ocean heat balance in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during September-December 1992
    • 10.1029/97JC00020
    • Cronin MF, McPhaden MJ (1997) The upper ocean heat balance in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during September-December 1992. J Geophys Res 102:8533-8553 10.1029/97JC00020
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8533-8553
    • Cronin, M.F.1    McPhaden, M.J.2
  • 11
    • 0036148157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of the coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere to westerly wind bursts
    • 10.1256/00359000260498761
    • Fedorov AV (2002) The response of the coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere to westerly wind bursts. Q J R Meteor Soc 128:1-23 10.1256/00359000260498761
    • (2002) Q. J. R. Meteor Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 1-23
    • Fedorov, A.V.1
  • 14
    • 0026288125 scopus 로고
    • Eastern equatorial Pacific response to three composite westerly wind types
    • Giese BS, Harrison DE (1991) Eastern equatorial Pacific response to three composite westerly wind types. J Geophys Res 96:3239-3248
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 3239-3248
    • Giese, B.S.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 15
    • 0025590082 scopus 로고
    • A mass flux convection scheme with the representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability dependent closure
    • 10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<1483:AMFCSW>2.0.CO;2
    • Gregory D, Rowntree PR (1990) A mass flux convection scheme with the representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability dependent closure. Mon Wea Rev 118:1483-1506 10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<1483:AMFCSW>2.0.CO;2
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1483-1506
    • Gregory, D.1    Rowntree, P.R.2
  • 16
    • 0031414462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parametrisation of momentum transport by convection II: Tests in single column and general circulation models
    • 10.1256/smsqj.54102
    • Gregory D, Kershaw R, Inness PM (1997) Parametrisation of momentum transport by convection II: Tests in single column and general circulation models. Q J R Meteor Soc 123:1153-1183 10.1256/smsqj.54102
    • (1997) Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 1153-1183
    • Gregory, D.1    Kershaw, R.2    Inness, P.M.3
  • 17
    • 3342911532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of lateral ocean physics in the upper ocean thermal balance of a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM
    • 10.1007/s003820050157
    • Guilyardi E, Madec G, Terray L (2001) The role of lateral ocean physics in the upper ocean thermal balance of a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. Clim Dyn 13:149-165 10.1007/s003820050157
    • (2001) Clim Dyn , vol.13 , pp. 149-165
    • Guilyardi, E.1    Madec, G.2    Terray, L.3
  • 18
    • 0038338174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for ENSO phase change in a coupled GCM
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)16<1141:MFEPCI>2.0.CO;2
    • Guilyardi E, Delecluse P, Gualdi S, Navarra A (2003) Mechanisms for ENSO phase change in a coupled GCM. J Climate 16:1141-1158 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)16<1141:MFEPCI>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 1141-1158
    • Guilyardi, E.1    Delecluse, P.2    Gualdi, S.3    Navarra, A.4
  • 20
    • 0027835115 scopus 로고
    • Ocean model studies of upper ocean variability at (0°N, 160°W) during the 1982-1983 ENSO: Local and remote forcing
    • 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0425:OMSOUO>2.0.CO;2
    • Harrison DE, Craig A (1993) Ocean model studies of upper ocean variability at (0°N, 160°W) during the 1982-1983 ENSO: Local and remote forcing. J Phys Oceanogr 23:427-451 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0425:OMSOUO>2.0.CO;2
    • (1993) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.23 , pp. 427-451
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Craig, A.2
  • 21
    • 0005963775 scopus 로고
    • Comment on "The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986"
    • by M. J. McPhaden et al
    • Harrison DE, Giese BS (1989) Comment on "The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986" by M. J. McPhaden et al. J Geophys Res 94:5024-5026
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 5024-5026
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Giese, B.S.2
  • 22
    • 0031390793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific, 1986-1995
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<3131:WWEITT>2.0.CO;2
    • Harrison DE, Vecchi GA (1997) Westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific, 1986-1995. J Climate 10:3131-3156 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<3131:WWEITT>2.0.CO;2
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 3131-3156
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Vecchi, G.A.2
  • 23
    • 0034470511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific, November 1991-March 1992
    • 10.1357/002224000321358882
    • Harrison DE, Vecchi GA, Weisberg RH (2000) Eastward surface jets in the central equatorial Pacific, November 1991-March 1992. J Mar Res 58:735-754 10.1357/002224000321358882
    • (2000) J. Mar. Res. , vol.58 , pp. 735-754
    • Harrison, D.E.1    Vecchi, G.A.2    Weisberg, R.H.3
  • 24
    • 0033172554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of the Madden-Julian oscillation during austral summer
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2538:IVOTMJ>2.0.CO;2
    • Hendon HH, Zhang C, Glick JD (1999) Interannual variability of the Madden-Julian oscillation during austral summer. J Climate 12:2358-2550 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2538:IVOTMJ>2.0.CO;2
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 2358-2550
    • Hendon, H.H.1    Zhang, C.2    Glick, J.D.3
  • 25
    • 0034819444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of tropical convection in a GCM with varying vertical resolution: Implications for the simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • 10.1007/s003820000148
    • Inness PM, Slingo JM, Woolnough SJ, Neale RB, Pope VD (2001) Organization of tropical convection in a GCM with varying vertical resolution: Implications for the simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation. Clim Dyn 17:777-793 10.1007/s003820000148
    • (2001) Clim. Dyn. , vol.17 , pp. 777-793
    • Inness, P.M.1    Slingo, J.M.2    Woolnough, S.J.3    Neale, R.B.4    Pope, V.D.5
  • 26
    • 0141746129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation in a coupled general circulation model II: The role of the basic state
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0365:SOTMJO>2.0.CO;2
    • Inness P, Slingo JM, Guilyardi E, Cole J (2003) Simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation in a coupled general circulation model II: The role of the basic state. J Climate 16:365-382 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0365:SOTMJO>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 365-382
    • Inness, P.1    Slingo, J.M.2    Guilyardi, E.3    Cole, J.4
  • 27
    • 0036951151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ENSO a cycle or a series of events?
    • 10.1029/2001GL014372 DOI 10.1029/2002GL015924
    • Kessler WS (2002) Is ENSO a cycle or a series of events?. Geophys Res Lett 29:DOI 10.1029/2002GL015924 10.1029/2001GL014372
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , pp. 29
    • Kessler, W.S.1
  • 28
    • 0034300092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectification of the Madden-Jullian oscillation into the ENSO cycle
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3560:ROTMJO>2.0.CO;2
    • Kessler WS, Kleeman R (2000) Rectification of the Madden-Jullian oscillation into the ENSO cycle. J Climate 13:3560-3575 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3560:ROTMJO>2.0.CO;2
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 3560-3575
    • Kessler, W.S.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 29
    • 0029478920 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991-1993 El Niño
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1757:OEWATE>2.0.CO;2
    • Kessler WS, McPhaden MJ (1995) Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991-1993 El Niño. J Climate 8:1757-1774 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1757:OEWATE>2.0.CO;2
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1757-1774
    • Kessler, W.S.1    McPhaden, M.J.2
  • 30
    • 0031450897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory the limitation of ENSO predictability due to stochastic atmospheric transients
    • 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0753:ATFTLO>2.0.CO;2
    • Kleeman R, Moore AM (1997) A theory the limitation of ENSO predictability due to stochastic atmospheric transients. J Atmos Sci 54:753-767 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0753:ATFTLO>2.0.CO;2
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 753-767
    • Kleeman, R.1    Moore, A.M.2
  • 31
    • 0030981495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 sensitivity
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0138:SEIAGC>2.0.CO;2
    • 2 sensitivity. J Climate 10:138-161 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0138:SEIAGC>2.0.CO;2
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 138-161
    • Knutson, T.R.1    Manabe, S.2    Gu, D.F.3
  • 32
    • 0037092723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries and implications
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1118:EWENOA>2.0.CO;2
    • Larkin NK, Harrison DE (2002) ENSO warm (El Nĩo) and cold (La Niña) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries and implications. J Climate 15:1118-1140 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1118:EWENOA>2.0.CO;2
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1118-1140
    • Larkin, N.K.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 33
    • 0024258433 scopus 로고
    • The response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to wind bursts
    • 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<0964:TROACO>2.0.CO;2
    • Latif M, Biercamp J, von Storch H (1988) The response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to wind bursts. J Atmos Sci 45:964-979 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<0964:TROACO>2.0.CO;2
    • (1988) J. Atmos Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 964-979
    • Latif, M.1    Biercamp, J.2    von Storch, H.3
  • 35
    • 0344121679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The march 1997 westerly wind event and the onset of the 1997/98 El Niño: Understanding the atmospheric response
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3330:TMWWEA>2.0.CO;2
    • Lengaigne M, Boulanger J-P, Menkes C, Madec G, Delecluse P, Guilyardi E, Slingo JM (2003a) The march 1997 westerly wind event and the onset of the 1997/98 El Niño: Understanding the atmospheric response. J Climate 16:3330-22243 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3330:TMWWEA>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 3330-22243
    • Lengaigne, M.1    Boulanger, J.-P.2    Menkes, C.3    Madec, G.4    Delecluse, P.5    Guilyardi, E.6    Slingo, J.M.7
  • 36
    • 1542286804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of isopycnal mixing on the tropical ocean circulation
    • 10.1029/2002JC001704 DOI 10.1029/2002JC001704
    • Lengaigne M, Madec G, Menkes C, Alory G (2003b) The impact of isopycnal mixing on the tropical ocean circulation. J Geophys Res 108:3345. DOI 10.1029/2002JC001704
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 3345
    • Lengaigne, M.1    Madec, G.2    Menkes, C.3    Alory, G.4
  • 37
    • 84873017090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific and their influence on coupled ocean-atmosphere system: A review, in Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability
    • (in press)
    • Lengaigne M, Boulanger JP, Menkes C, Delecluse P, Slingo J (2004) Westerly wind events in the tropical Pacific and their influence on coupled ocean-atmosphere system: A review, in Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability. AGU Geophys Monogr (in press)
    • (2004) AGU Geophys. Monogr.
    • Lengaigne, M.1    Boulanger, J.P.2    Menkes, C.3    Delecluse, P.4    Slingo, J.5
  • 38
    • 0001600664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing Longwave radiation dataset
    • Liebmann B, Smith CA (1996) Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing Longwave radiation dataset. Bull Am Meteor Soc 77:1275-1277
    • (1996) Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 1275-1277
    • Liebmann, B.1    Smith, C.A.2
  • 39
    • 0028571920 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation: A review
    • 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0814:OOTDTO>2.0.CO;2
    • Madden RA, Julian PR (1994) Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation: A review. Mon Wea Rev 122:814-837 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0814:OOTDTO>2.0.CO;2
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 814-837
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 41
    • 0034352887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salinity variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1993-98 period
    • 10.1029/1999GL011261
    • Maes C (2000) Salinity variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1993-98 period. Geophys Res Lett 27:1659-1662 10.1029/1999GL011261
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 1659-1662
    • Maes, C.1
  • 42
    • 0038742943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salinity barrier layer and onset of El Niño in a Pacific coupled model
    • 10.1029/2001GL014372 DOI 10.1029/2002/GL016029
    • Maes C, Picaut J, Belamari S (2002) Salinity barrier layer and onset of El Niño in a Pacific coupled model. Geophys Res Lett 29:DOI 10.1029/2002/GL016029 10.1029/2001GL014372
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , pp. 29
    • Maes, C.1    Picaut, J.2    Belamari, S.3
  • 43
    • 0028194112 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the delayed oscillator mechanism for ENSO: The observed "oceanic" Kelvin mode in the far western Pacific
    • 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0691:EFTDOM>2.0.CO;2
    • Mantua NJ, Battisti DS (1994) Evidence for the delayed oscillator mechanism for ENSO: The observed "oceanic" Kelvin mode in the far western Pacific. J Phys Oceanogr 24:691-699 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0691:EFTDOM>2.0.CO;2
    • (1994) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.24 , pp. 691-699
    • Mantua, N.J.1    Battisti, D.S.2
  • 44
    • 0000101471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tropical ocean-global atmosphere observing system
    • 10.1029/97JC02906
    • McPhaden MJ et al (1998) The tropical ocean-global atmosphere observing system. J Geophys Res 103:14169-14240 10.1029/97JC02906
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14169-14240
    • McPhaden, M.J.1
  • 45
    • 0037106759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed layer temperature balance on intraseasonal time scales in the equatorial Pacific Ocean
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2632:MLTBOI>2.0.CO;2
    • McPhaden MJ (2002) Mixed layer temperature balance on intraseasonal time scales in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J Climate 15:2632-2647 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2632:MLTBOI>2.0.CO;2
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2632-2647
    • McPhaden, M.J.1
  • 46
    • 0033210562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño
    • 10.1029/1999GL004901
    • McPhaden MJ, Yu X (1999) Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño. Geophys Res Lett 26:2961-2964 10.1029/1999GL004901
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 2961-2964
    • McPhaden, M.J.1    Yu, X.2
  • 47
    • 0000220617 scopus 로고
    • The response of the equatorial Pacific ocean to westerly wind burst in May 1986
    • McPhaden MJ, Freitag HP, Hayes SP, Taft BA (1988) The response of the equatorial Pacific ocean to westerly wind burst in May 1986. J Geophys Res 93:10589-10603
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 10589-10603
    • McPhaden, M.J.1    Freitag, H.P.2    Hayes, S.P.3    Taft, B.A.4
  • 48
    • 0034300086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Nino and La Nina
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.0.CO;2
    • Meinen CS, McPhaden MJ (2000) Observations of warm water volume changes in the equatorial Pacific and their relationship to El Nino and La Nina. J Clim 13:3551-3559 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3551:OOWWVC>2.0.CO;2
    • (2000) J. Clim. , vol.13 , pp. 3551-3559
    • Meinen, C.S.1    McPhaden, M.J.2
  • 49
    • 0032881304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic forcing of ENSO by intraseasonal oscillation
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1199:SFOEBT>2.0.CO;2
    • Moore AM, Kleeman R (2000) Stochastic forcing of ENSO by intraseasonal oscillation. J Clim 12:1199-1220 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1199:SFOEBT>2.0.CO;2
    • (2000) J. Clim. , vol.12 , pp. 1199-1220
    • Moore, A.M.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 51
    • 0029506155 scopus 로고
    • The optical growth of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1999:TOGOTS>2.0.CO;2
    • Penland C, Sadeshmukh PD (1995) The optical growth of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies. J Climate 8:1999-2024 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1999:TOGOTS>2.0.CO;2
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1999-2024
    • Penland, C.1    Sadeshmukh, P.D.2
  • 52
    • 0034353471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of oceanic decadal trends and westerly wind bursts for forecasting El Niño
    • 10.1029/1999GL010781
    • Perigaud CM, Cassou C (2000) Importance of oceanic decadal trends and westerly wind bursts for forecasting El Niño. Geophys Res Lett 27:389-392 10.1029/1999GL010781
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 389-392
    • Perigaud, C.M.1    Cassou, C.2
  • 53
    • 0029660116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: Implications for ENSO
    • 10.1126/science.274.5292.1486, 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1aitbg%3D, 8929400
    • Picaut J, Ioualalen M, Menkes C, Delcroix T, McPhaden MJ (1996) Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: implications for ENSO. Science 274:1486-1489 10.1126/science.274.5292.1486, 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xnt1aitbg%3D, 8929400
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1486-1489
    • Picaut, J.1    Ioualalen, M.2    Menkes, C.3    Delcroix, T.4    McPhaden, M.J.5
  • 54
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new physical parametrisations in the Hadley Centre climate model-HadAM3
    • 10.1007/s003820050009
    • Pope VD, Gallani ML, Rowntree PR, Stratton RA (2000) The impact of new physical parametrisations in the Hadley Centre climate model-HadAM3. Climate Dyn 16:123-146 10.1007/s003820050009
    • (2000) Climate Dyn. , vol.16 , pp. 123-146
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 55
    • 0028581380 scopus 로고
    • Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0929:IGSSTA>2.0.CO;2
    • Reynolds RW, Smith TM (1994) Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J Climate 7:1195-1202 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0929:IGSSTA>2.0.CO;2
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1195-1202
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Smith, T.M.2
  • 56
    • 0033677863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt conservation, free surface and varying volume: A new formulation for Ocean GCMs
    • 10.1029/2000JC900089
    • Roullet G, Madec G (2000) Salt conservation, free surface and varying volume: A new formulation for Ocean GCMs. J Geophys Res 105:23927-23942 10.1029/2000JC900089
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 23927-23942
    • Roullet, G.1    Madec, G.2
  • 57
    • 0001493830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual cycle and ENSO in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model
    • 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0680:ACAEIA>2.0.CO;2
    • Schneider EK, Zhu Z, Giese BS, Huang B, Kirtman BP, Shukla J, Carton JA (1997) Annual cycle and ENSO in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Mon Wea Rev 125:680-702 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0680:ACAEIA>2.0.CO;2
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 680-702
    • Schneider, E.K.1    Zhu, Z.2    Giese, B.S.3    Huang, B.4    Kirtman, B.P.5    Shukla, J.6    Carton, J.A.7
  • 58
    • 0032966819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the predictability of the interannual behaviour of the Madden-Julian oscillation and its relationship with El Niño
    • 10.1256/smsqj.55410
    • Slingo JM, Rowell DP, Sperber KR, Nortley F (1999) On the predictability of the interannual behaviour of the Madden-Julian oscillation and its relationship with El Niño. Q J R Meteor Soc 125:583-609 10.1256/smsqj.55410
    • (1999) Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 583-609
    • Slingo, J.M.1    Rowell, D.P.2    Sperber, K.R.3    Nortley, F.4
  • 59
    • 0038684010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of peak and delayed ENSO teleconnections
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<1757:TSOPAD>2.0.CO;2
    • Spencer H, Slingo JM (2003) The simulation of peak and delayed ENSO teleconnections. J Climate 16:1757-1774 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<1757:TSOPAD>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 1757-1774
    • Spencer, H.1    Slingo, J.M.2
  • 60
    • 0033977023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO in a hybrid coupled model. Part I: Sensitivity to physical parameterizations
    • 10.1007/s003820050003
    • Syu H-H, Neelin JD (2000) ENSO in a hybrid coupled model. Part I: sensitivity to physical parameterizations. Clim Dyn 16:19-34 10.1007/s003820050003
    • (2000) Clim. Dyn. , vol.16 , pp. 19-34
    • Syu, H.-H.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 61
    • 0035866103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linear stochastic dynamical model of ENSO. Part II: Analysis
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0445:ALSDMO>2.0.CO;2
    • Thompson CJ, Battisti DS (2001) A linear stochastic dynamical model of ENSO. Part II: Analysis. J Climate 14:445-466 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0445:ALSDMO>2.0.CO;2
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 445-466
    • Thompson, C.J.1    Battisti, D.S.2
  • 63
    • 0034210162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño, and equatorial westerly wind events
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1814:TPSSTA>2.0.CO;2
    • Vecchi GA, Harrison DE (2000) Tropical pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, El Niño, and equatorial westerly wind events. J Climate 13:1814-1830 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1814:TPSSTA>2.0.CO;2
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 1814-1830
    • Vecchi, G.A.1    Harrison, D.E.2
  • 64
    • 0032439692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An OGCM study for the TOGA decade. Part II: Barrier-layer formation and variability
    • 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<1089:AOSFTT>2.0.CO;2
    • Vialard J, Delecluse P (1998) An OGCM study for the TOGA decade. Part II: Barrier-layer formation and variability. J Phys Oceanogr 28:1089-1106 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<1089:AOSFTT>2.0.CO;2
    • (1998) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.28 , pp. 1089-1106
    • Vialard, J.1    Delecluse, P.2
  • 66
    • 0000753313 scopus 로고
    • El Niño - The dynamical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing
    • 10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005<0450:FOTDTI>2.0.CO;2
    • Wyrtki K (1975) El Nĩo - the dynamical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to atmospheric forcing. J Phys Oceanogr 5:572-584 10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005<0450:FOTDTI>2.0.CO;2
    • (1975) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.5 , pp. 572-584
    • Wyrtki, K.1
  • 67
    • 0031403103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs
    • 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2
    • Xie P, Arkin PA (1997) Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 78:2539-2558 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2
    • (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 2539-2558
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 68
    • 0032531333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of an extratropical atmospheric influence during the onset of the 1997-8 El Nĩo
    • 10.1029/98GL02628
    • Yu L, Rienecker MM (1998) Evidence of an extratropical atmospheric influence during the onset of the 1997-8 El Niño. Geophys Res Lett 25:3537-3540 10.1029/98GL02628
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 3537-3540
    • Yu, L.1    Rienecker, M.M.2
  • 69
    • 0000414145 scopus 로고
    • On the 30-60 day oscillation and the prediction of El Niño
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1381:OTDOAT>2.0.CO;2
    • Zebiak SE (1989) On the 30-60 day oscillation and the prediction of El Niño. J Climate 2:1381-1387 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1381:OTDOAT>2.0.CO;2
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 1381-1387
    • Zebiak, S.E.1
  • 70
    • 0033675158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of off-equatorial subsurface anomalies in initiating the 1991-1992 El Niño as revealed by the NCEP ocean reanalysis data
    • 10.1029/1999JC900316
    • Zhang RH, Rothstein LM (2000) Role of off-equatorial subsurface anomalies in initiating the 1991-1992 El Niño as revealed by the NCEP ocean reanalysis data. J Geophys Res 105:6327-6339 10.1029/1999JC900316
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 6327-6339
    • Zhang, R.H.1    Rothstein, L.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.