Novel therapeutic strategies targeting growth factor signalling cascades in multiple myeloma

British Journal of Haematology

Volumn 132, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 385-397

  Yasui, Hiroshi ^a,b   Hideshima, Teru ^a   Richardson, Paul G ^a   Anderson, Kenneth C ^a  

^a DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b SAPPORO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Bone marrow microenvironment; Growth factor; Multiple myeloma; Signalling cascade

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; BORTEZOMIB; CD40 LIGAND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DEXAMETHASONE; FLUOROURACIL; GW 654652; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 6 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; LENALIDOMIDE; LONAFARNIB; N BENZOYLSTAUROSPORINE; NVP ADW 742; PD 173074; PROTEASOME INHIBITOR; PROTEIN FARNESYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; PS 1145; RAPAMYCIN; SANT 7; SCIO 469; SD 208; SGN 40; SU 10991; SU 5402; TEMSIROLIMUS; THALIDOMIDE; TIPIFARNIB; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN INHIBITOR; VATALANIB; CYTOKINE; GROWTH PROMOTOR;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ANEMIA; ANGIOGENESIS; B CELL LEUKEMIA; BONE DESTRUCTION; BONE MARROW CELL; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER RELAPSE; CELL INTERACTION; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; COLORECTAL CARCINOMA; DIARRHEA; DRUG CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; FATIGUE; HUMAN; LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NAUSEA; NEUROPATHY; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; OSTEOCLAST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; ANIMAL; ANIMAL MODEL; CELL PROLIFERATION; DRUG EFFECT; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; BONE MARROW CELLS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CYTOKINES; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; HUMANS; MODELS, ANIMAL; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 33644866173     PISSN: 00071048     EISSN: 13652141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05860.x     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Akiyama M. Hideshima T. Hayashi T. Tai Y.T. Mitsiades C.S. Mitsiades N. Chauhan D. Richardson P. Munshi N.C. Anderson K.C. 2002 Cytokines modulate telomerase activity in a human multiple myeloma cell line Cancer Research 62 3876 3882
2. Alsina M. Fonseca R. Wilson E.F. Belle A.N. Gerbino E. Price-Troska T. Overton R.M. Ahmann G. Bruzek L.M. Adjei A.A. Kaufmann S.H. Wright J.J. Sullivan D. Djulbegovic B. Cantor A.B. Greipp P.R. Dalton W.S. Sebti S.M. 2004 Farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib is well tolerated, induces stabilization of disease, and inhibits farnesylation and oncogenic/tumor survival pathways in patients with advanced multiple myeloma Blood 103 3271 3277
3. Balkwill F. 2004 Cancer and the chemokine network Nature Reviews Cancer 4 540 550
4. Bataille R. Jourdan M. Zhang X.G. Klein B. 1989 Serum levels of interleukin 6, a potent myeloma cell growth factor, as a reflect of disease severity in plasma cell dyscrasias Journal of Clinical Investigation 84 2008 2011
5. Beaupre D.M. Cepero E. Obeng E.A. Boise L.H. Lichtenheld M.G. 2004 R115777 induces Ras-independent apoptosis of myeloma cells via multiple intrinsic pathways Molecular Cancer Therapy 3 179 186
6. Bergsagel P.L. Kuehl W.M. Zhan F. Sawyer J. Barlogie B. Shaughnessy Jr. J. 2005 Cyclin D dysregulation: an early and unifying pathogenic event in multiple myeloma Blood 106 296 303
7. Bisping G. Leo R. Wenning D. Dankbar B. Padro T. Kropff M. Scheffold C. Kroger M. Mesters R.M. Berdel W.E. Kienast J. 2003 Paracrine interactions of basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-6 in multiple myeloma Blood 101 2775 2783
8. Burger R. Bakker F. Guenther A. Baum W. Schmidt-Arras D. Hideshima T. Tai Y.T. Shringarpure R. Catley L. Senaldi G. Gramatzki M. Anderson K.C. 2003 Functional significance of novel neurotrophin-1/B cell-stimulating factor-3 (cardiotrophin-like cytokine) for human myeloma cell growth and survival British Journal of Haematology 123 869 878
9. Cantley L.C. 2002 The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway Science 296 1655 1657
10. Catlett-Falcone R. Landowski T.H. Oshiro M.M. Turkson J. Levitzki A. Savino R. Ciliberto G. Moscinski L. Fernandez-Luna J.L. Nunez G. Dalton W.S. Jove R. 1999 Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling confers resistance to apoptosis in human U266 myeloma cells Immunity 10 105 115
11. Chang H. Stewart A.K. Qi X.Y. Li Z.H. Yi Q.L. Trudel S. 2005 Immunohistochemistry accurately predicts FGFR3 aberrant expression and t(4;14) in multiple myeloma Blood 106 353 355
12. Chauhan D. Uchiyama H. Akbarali Y. Urashima M. Yamamoto K. Libermann T.A. Anderson K.C. 1996 Multiple myeloma cell adhesion-induced interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells involves activation of NF-κB Blood 87 1104 1112
13. Chauhan D. Hideshima T. Pandey P. Treon S. Teoh G. Raje N. Rosen S. Krett N. Husson H. Avraham S. Kharbanda S. Anderson K.C. 1999 RAFTK/PYK2-dependent and -independent apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells Oncogene 18 6733 6740
14. Chauhan D. Auclair D. Robinson E.K. Hideshima T. Li G. Podar K. Gupta D. Richardson P. Schlossman R.L. Krett N. Chen L.B. Munshi N.C. Anderson K.C. 2002 Identification of genes regulated by dexamethasone in multiple myeloma cells using oligonucleotide arrays Oncogene 21 1346 1358
15. Chen J. Lee B.H. Williams I.R. Kutok J.L. Mitsiades C.S. Duclos N. Cohen S. Adelsperger J. Okabe R. Coburn A. Moore S. Huntly B.J. Fabbro D. Anderson K.C. Griffin J.D. Gilliland D.G. 2005 FGFR3 as a therapeutic target of the small molecule inhibitor PKC412 in hematopoietic malignancies Oncogene q3
16. Child J.A. Morgan G.J. Davies F.E. Owen R.G. Bell S.E. Hawkins K. Brown J. Drayson M.T. Selby P.J. 2003 High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for multiple myeloma New England Journal of Medicine 348 1875 1883
17. Choi S.J. Cruz J.C. Craig F. Chung H. Devlin R.D. Roodman G.D. Alsina M. 2000 Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha is a potential osteoclast stimulatory factor in multiple myeloma Blood 96 671 675
18. Choi S.J. Oba Y. Gazitt Y. Alsina M. Cruz J. Anderson J. Roodman G.D. 2001 Antisense inhibition of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha blocks bone destruction in a model of myeloma bone disease Journal of Clinical Investigation 108 1833 1841
19. Croucher P.I. Shipman C.M. Lippitt J. Perry M. Asosingh K. Hijzen A. Brabbs A.C. van Beek E.J. Holen I. Skerry T.M. Dunstan C.R. Russell G.R. Van Camp B. Vanderkerken K. 2001 Osteoprotegerin inhibits the development of osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma Blood 98 3534 3540
20. David E. Sun S.Y. Waller E.K. Chen J. Khuri F.R. Lonial S. 2006 The combination of the Farnesyl transferase inhibitor (Lonafarnib) and the proteasome inhibitor (Bortezomib) induces synergistic apoptosis in human myeloma cells that is associated with down-regulation of p-AKT Blood in press
21. Davies F.E. Dring A.M. Li C. Rawstron A.C. Shammas M.A. O'Connor S.M. Fenton J.A. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Tai I.T. Robinson E. Auclair D. Rees K. Gonzalez D. Ashcroft A.J. Dasgupta R. Mitsiades C. Mitsiades N. Chen L.B. Wong W.H. Munshi N.C. Morgan G.J. Anderson K.C. 2003 Insights into the multistep transformation of MGUS to myeloma using microarray expression analysis Blood 102 4504 4511
22. Derksen P.W. Tjin E. Meijer H.P. Klok M.D. MacGillavry H.D. van Oers M.H. Lokhorst H.M. Bloem A.C. Clevers H. Nusse R. van der Neut R. Spaargaren M. Pals S.T. 2004 Illegitimate WNT signaling promotes proliferation of multiple myeloma cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 6122 6127
23. Frassanito M.A. Cusmai A. Iodice G. Dammacco F. 2001 Autocrine interleukin-6 production and highly malignant multiple myeloma: relation with resistance to drug-induced apoptosis Blood 97 483 489
24. Frost P. Moatamed F. Hoang B. Shi Y. Gera J. Yan H. Frost P. Gibbons J. Lichtenstein A. 2004 In vivo antitumor effects of the mTOR inhibitor CCI-779 against human multiple myeloma cells in a xenograft model Blood 104 4181 4187
25. Grand E.K. Chase A.J. Heath C. Rahemtulla A. Cross N.C. 2004 Targeting FGFR3 in multiple myeloma: inhibition of t(4;14)-positive cells by SU5402 and PD173074 Leukemia 18 962 966
26. Hamasaki M. Hideshima T. Tassone P. Neri P. Ishitsuka K. Yasui H. Shiraishi N. Raje N. Kumar S. Picker D.H. Jacob G.S. Richardson P.G. Munshi N.C. Anderson K.C. 2005 Azaspirane (N-N-diethyl-8,8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro [4·5] decane-2-propanamine) inhibits human multiple myeloma cell growth in the bone marrow milieu in vitro and in vivo Blood 105 4470 4476
27. Hayashi T. Hideshima T. Nguyen A.N. Munoz O. Podar K. Hamasaki M. Ishitsuka K. Yasui H. Richardson P. Chakravarty S. Murphy A. Chauhan D. Higgins L.S. Anderson K.C. 2004 Transforming growth factor β receptor I kinase inhibitor down-regulates cytokine secretion and multiple myeloma cell growth in the bone marrow microenvironment Clin Cancer Res 10 7540 7546
28. Hideshima T. Anderson K.C. 2002 Molecular mechanisms of novel therapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma Nature Reviews Cancer 2 927 937
29. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Shima Y. Raje N. Davies F.E. Tai Y.T. Treon S.P. Lin B. Schlossman R.L. Richardson P. Muller G. Stirling D.I. Anderson K.C. 2000 Thalidomide and its analogs overcome drug resistance of human multiple myeloma cells to conventional therapy Blood 96 2943 2950
30. Hideshima T. Richardson P. Chauhan D. Palombella V.J. Elliott P.J. Adams J. Anderson K.C. 2001a The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and overcomes drug resistance in human multiple myeloma cells Cancer Research 61 3071 3076
31. Hideshima T. Nakamura N. Chauhan D. Anderson K.C. 2001b Biologic sequelae of interleukin-6 induced PI3-K/Akt signaling in multiple myeloma Oncogene 20 5991 6000
32. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Richardson P. Mitsiades C. Mitsiades N. Hayashi T. Munshi N. Dang L. Castro A. Palombella V. Adams J. Anderson K.C. 2002a NF-κB as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 16639 16647
33. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Hayashi T. Podar K. Akiyama M. Gupta D. Richardson P. Munshi N. Anderson K.C. 2002b The biological sequelae of stromal cell-derived factor-1α in multiple myeloma Molecular Cancer Therapy 1 539 544
34. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Hayashi T. Akiyama M. Mitsiades N. Mitsiades C. Podar K. Munshi N.C. Richardson P.G. Anderson K.C. 2003 Proteasome inhibitor PS-341 abrogates IL-6 triggered signaling cascades via caspase-dependent downregulation of gp130 in multiple myeloma Oncogene 22 8386 8393
35. Hideshima T. Bergsagel P.L. Kuehl W.M. Anderson K.C. 2004a Advances in biology of multiple myeloma: clinical applications Blood 104 607 618
36. Hideshima T. Podar K. Chauhan D. Ishitsuka K. Mitsiades C. Tai Y.T. Hamasaki M. Raje N. Hideshima H. Schreiner G. Nguyen A.N. Navas T. Munshi N.C. Richardson P.G. Higgins L.S. Anderson K.C. 2004b p38 MAPK inhibition enhances PS-341 (bortezomib)-induced cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma cells Oncogene 23 8766 8776
37. Hideshima T. Bradner J.E. Wong J. Chauhan D. Richardson P. Schreiber S.L. Anderson K.C. 2005 Small-molecule inhibition of proteasome and aggresome function induces synergistic antitumor activity in multiple myeloma Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 8567 8572
38. Houde C. Li Y. Song L. Barton K. Zhang Q. Godwin J. Nand S. Toor A. Alkan S. Smadja N.V. Avet-Loiseau H. Lima C.S. Miele L. Coignet L.J. 2004 Overexpression of the NOTCH ligand JAG2 in malignant plasma cells from multiple myeloma patients and cell lines Blood 104 3697 3704
39. Hurt E.M. Wiestner A. Rosenwald A. Shaffer A.L. Campo E. Grogan T. Bergsagel P.L. Kuehl W.M. Staudt L.M. 2004 Overexpression of c-maf is a frequent oncogenic event in multiple myeloma that promotes proliferation and pathological interactions with bone marrow stroma Cancer Cell 5 191 199
40. Hurwitz H. Fehrenbacher L. Novotny W. Cartwright T. Hainsworth J. Heim W. Berlin J. Baron A. Griffing S. Holmgren E. Ferrara N. Fyfe G. Rogers B. Ross R. Kabbinavar F. 2004 Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer New England Journal of Medicine 350 2335 2342
41. Ishikawa H. Tsuyama N. Abroun S. Liu S. Li F.J. Taniguchi O. Kawano M.M. 2002 Requirements of src family kinase activity associated with CD45 for myeloma cell proliferation by interleukin-6 Blood 99 2172 2178
42. Iwakoshi N.N. Lee A.H. Glimcher L.H. 2003 The X-box binding protein-1 transcription factor is required for plasma cell differentiation and the unfolded protein response Immunological Reviews 194 29 38
43. Jelinek D.F. Witzig T.E. Arendt B.K. 1997 A role for insulin-like growth factor in the regulation of IL-6-responsive human myeloma cell line growth Journal of Immunology 159 487 496
44. Jemal A. Murray T. Ward E. Samuels A. Tiwari R.C. Ghafoor A. Feuer E.J. Thun M.J. 2005 Cancer statistics, 2005 CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 55 10 30
45. Jundt F. Probsting K.S. Anagnostopoulos I. Muehlinghaus G. Chatterjee M. Mathas S. Bargou R.C. Manz R. Stein H. Dorken B. 2004 Jagged1-induced Notch signaling drives proliferation of multiple myeloma cells Blood 103 3511 3515
46. Karin M. Cao Y. Greten F.R. Li Z.W. 2002 NF-kappaB in cancer: from innocent bystander to major culprit Nature Reviews Cancer 2 301 310
47. Kawano M. Hirano T. Matsuda T. Taga T. Horii Y. Iwato K. Asaoku H. Tang B. Tanabe O. Tanaka H. Kuramoto A. Kishimoto T. 1988 Autocrine generation and requirement of BSF-2/IL-6 for human multiple myelomas Nature 332 83 85
48. Kumar S. Witzig T.E. Dispenzieri A. Lacy M.Q. Wellik L.E. Fonseca R. Lust J.A. Gertz M.A. Kyle R.A. Greipp P.R. Rajkumar S.V. 2004 Effect of thalidomide therapy on bone marrow angiogenesis in multiple myeloma Leukemia 18 624 627
49. Kyle R.A. Rajkumar S.V. 2004 Multiple myeloma New England Journal of Medicine 351 1860 1873
50. Landowski T.H. Olashaw N.E. Agrawal D. Dalton W.S. 2003 Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) is associated with activation of NF-kappa B (RelB/p50) in myeloma cells Oncogene 22 2417 2421
51. Le Gouill S. Pellat-Deceunynck C. Harousseau J.L. Rapp M.J. Robillard N. Bataille R. Amiot M. 2002 Farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 induces apoptosis of human myeloma cells Leukemia 16 1664 1667
52. Le Gouill S. Podar K. Amiot M. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Ishitsuka K. Kumar S. Raje N. Richardson P.G. Harousseau J.L. Anderson K.C. 2004 VEGF induces Mcl-1 up-regulation and protects multiple myeloma cells against apoptosis Blood 104 2886 2892
53. Lin B. Podar K. Gupta D. Tai Y.T. Li S. Weller E. Hideshima T. Lentzsch S. Davies F. Li C. Weisberg E. Schlossman R.L. Richardson P.G. Griffin J.D. Wood J. Munshi N.C. Anderson K.C. 2002 The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 inhibits growth and migration of multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment Cancer Research 62 5019 5026
54. Michigami T. Shimizu N. Williams P.J. Niewolna M. Dallas S.L. Mundy G.R. Yoneda T. 2000 Cell-cell contact between marrow stromal cells and myeloma cells via VCAM-1 and alpha(4)beta(1)-integrin enhances production of osteoclast-stimulating activity Blood 96 1953 1960
55. Mitsiades C.S. Mitsiades N. Poulaki V. Schlossman R. Akiyama M. Chauhan D. Hideshima T. Treon S.P. Munshi N.C. Richardson P.G. Anderson K.C. 2002 Activation of NF-kappaB and upregulation of intracellular anti-apoptotic proteins via the IGF-1/Akt signaling in human multiple myeloma cells: therapeutic implications Oncogene 21 5673 5683
56. Mitsiades C.S. Mitsiades N.S. Bronson R.T. Chauhan D. Munshi N. Treon S.P. Maxwell C.A. Pilarski L. Hideshima T. Hoffman R.M. Anderson K.C. 2003 Fluorescence imaging of multiple myeloma cells in a clinically relevant SCID/NOD in vivo model: biologic and clinical implications Cancer Research 63 6689 6696
57. Mitsiades C.S. Mitsiades N. Munshi N.C. Anderson K.C. 2004a Focus on multiple myeloma Cancer Cell 6 439 444
58. Mitsiades C.S. Mitsiades N.S. McMullan C.J. Poulaki V. Shringarpure R. Akiyama M. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Joseph M. Libermann T.A. Garcia-Echeverria C. Pearson M.A. Hofmann F. Anderson K.C. Kung A.L. 2004b Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 tyrosine kinase activity as a therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma, other hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors Cancer Cell 5 221 230
59. Moon R.T. Kohn A.D. De Ferrari G.V. Kaykas A. 2004 WNT and beta-catenin signaling: diseases and therapies National Review of Genetics 5 691 701
60. Moreaux J. Legouffe E. Jourdan E. Quittet P. Reme T. Lugagne C. Moine P. Rossi J.F. Klein B. Tarte K. 2004 BAFF and APRIL protect myeloma cells from apoptosis induced by interleukin 6 deprivation and dexamethasone Blood 103 3148 3157
61. Nefedova Y. Cheng P. Alsina M. Dalton W.S. Gabrilovich D.I. 2004 Involvement of Notch-1 signaling in bone marrow stroma-mediated de novo drug resistance of myeloma and other malignant lymphoid cell lines Blood 103 3503 3510
62. Niida A. Hiroko T. Kasai M. Furukawa Y. Nakamura Y. Suzuki Y. Sugano S. Akiyama T. 2004 DKK1, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, is a target of the beta-catenin/TCF pathway Oncogene 23 8520 8526
63. Novak A.J. Darce J.R. Arendt B.K. Harder B. Henderson K. Kindsvogel W. Gross J.A. Greipp P.R. Jelinek D.F. 2004 Expression of BCMA, TACI, and BAFF-R in multiple myeloma: a mechanism for growth and survival Blood 103 689 694
64. Ochiai N. Uchida R. Fuchida S. Okano A. Okamoto M. Ashihara E. Inaba T. Fujita N. Matsubara H. Shimazaki C. 2003 Effect of farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 on the growth of fresh and cloned myeloma cells in vitro Blood 102 3349 3353
65. Ogata A. Chauhan D. Teoh G. Treon S.P. Urashima M. Schlossman R.L. Anderson K.C. 1997 IL-6 triggers cell growth via the Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade Journal of Immunology 159 2212 2221
66. Oyajobi B.O. Anderson D.M. Traianedes K. Williams P.J. Yoneda T. Mundy G.R. 2001 Therapeutic efficacy of a soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB-IgG Fc fusion protein in suppressing bone resorption and hypercalcemia in a model of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy Cancer Research 61 2572 2578
67. Pearse R.N. Sordillo E.M. Yaccoby S. Wong B.R. Liau D.F. Colman N. Michaeli J. Epstein J. Choi Y. 2001 Multiple myeloma disrupts the TRANCE/osteoprotegerin cytokine axis to trigger bone destruction and promote tumor progression Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 11581 11586
68. Podar K. Anderson K.C. 2005 The pathophysiologic role of VEGF in hematologic malignancies: therapeutic implications Blood 105 1383 1395
69. Podar K. Tai Y.T. Davies F.E. Lentzsch S. Sattler M. Hideshima T. Lin B.K. Gupta D. Shima Y. Chauhan D. Mitsiades C. Raje N. Richardson P. Anderson K.C. 2001 Vascular endothelial growth factor triggers signaling cascades mediating multiple myeloma cell growth and migration Blood 98 428 435
70. Podar K. Tai Y.T. Lin B.K. Narsimhan R.P. Sattler M. Kijima T. Salgia R. Gupta D. Chauhan D. Anderson K.C. 2002 Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration of multiple myeloma cells is associated with beta 1 integrin- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent PKC alpha activation Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 7875 7881
71. Podar K. Tai Y.T. Cole C.E. Hideshima T. Sattler M. Hamblin A. Mitsiades N. Schlossman R.L. Davies F.E. Morgan G.J. Munshi N.C. Chauhan D. Anderson K.C. 2003 Essential role of caveolae in interleukin-6- and insulin-like growth factor I-triggered Akt-1-mediated survival of multiple myeloma cells Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 5794 5801
72. Podar K. Catley L.P. Tai Y.T. Shringarpure R. Carvalho P. Hayashi T. Burger R. Schlossman R.L. Richardson P.G. Pandite L.N. Kumar R. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Anderson K.C. 2004a GW654652, the pan-inhibitor of VEGF receptors, blocks the growth and migration of multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment Blood 103 3474 3479
73. Podar K. Shringarpure R. Tai Y.T. Simoncini M. Sattler M. Ishitsuka K. Richardson P.G. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Anderson K.C. 2004b Caveolin-1 is required for vascular endothelial growth factor-triggered multiple myeloma cell migration and is targeted by bortezomib Cancer Research 64 7500 7506
74. Pollak M.N. Schernhammer E.S. Hankinson S.E. 2004 Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia National Review of Cancer 4 505 518
75. Pulkki K. Pelliniemi T.T. Rajamaki A. Tienhaara A. Laakso M. Lahtinen R. 1996 Soluble interleukin-6 receptor as a prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Finnish Leukaemia Group British Journal of Haematology 92 370 374
76. Qiang Y.W. Kopantzev E. Rudikoff S. 2002 Insulinlike growth factor-I signaling in multiple myeloma: downstream elements, functional correlates, and pathway cross-talk Blood 99 4138 4146
77. Qiang Y.W. Walsh K. Yao L. Kedei N. Blumberg P.M. Rubin J.S. Shaughnessy Jr. J. Rudikoff S. 2006 Wnts induce migration/invasion of myeloma plasma cells Blood in press
78. Radtke F. Raj K. 2003 The role of Notch in tumorigenesis: oncogene or tumour suppressor National Review of Cancer 3 756 767
79. Raje N. Kumar S. Hideshima T. Ishitsuka K. Chauhan D. Mitsiades C. Podar K. Le Gouill S. Richardson P. Munshi N.C. Stirling D.I. Antin J.H. Anderson K.C. 2004 Combination of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and CC-5013 has synergistic activity in multiple myeloma Blood 104 4188 4193
80. Richardson P.G. Sonneveld P. Schuster M.W. Irwin D. Stadtmauer E.A. Facon T. Harousseau J.L. Ben-Yehuda D. Lonial S. Goldschmidt H. Reece D. San-Miguel J.F. Blade J. Boccadoro M. Cavenagh J. Dalton W.S. Boral A.L. Esseltine D.L. Porter J.B. Schenkein D. Anderson K.C. 2005 Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma New England Journal of Medicine 352 2487 2498
81. Roodman G.D. 2004 Mechanisms of bone metastasis New England Journal of Medicine 350 1655 1664
82. Roodman G.D. Kurihara N. Ohsaki Y. Kukita A. Hosking D. Demulder A. Smith J.F. Singer F.R. 1992 Interleukin 6. A potential autocrine/paracrine factor in Paget's disease of bone Journal of Clinical Investigation 89 46 52
83. Silvestris F. Cafforio P. Calvani N. Dammacco F. 2004 Impaired osteoblastogenesis in myeloma bone disease: role of upregulated apoptosis by cytokines and malignant plasma cells British Journal of Haematology 126 475 486
84. Singhal S. Mehta J. Desikan R. Ayers D. Roberson P. Eddlemon P. Munshi N. Anaissie E. Wilson C. Dhodapkar M. Zeddis J. Barlogie B. 1999 Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma New England Journal of Medicine 341 1565 1571
85. Standal T. Borset M. Lenhoff S. Wisloff F. Stordal B. Sundan A. Waage A. Seidel C. 2002 Serum insulinlike growth factor is not elevated in patients with multiple myeloma but is still a prognostic factor Blood 100 3925 3929
86. Stromberg T. Dimberg A. Hammarberg A. Carlson K. Osterborg A. Nilsson K. Jernberg-Wiklund H. 2004 Rapamycin sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to apoptosis induced by dexamethasone Blood 103 3138 3147
87. Taga T. Hibi M. Hirata Y. Yamasaki K. Yasukawa K. Matsuda T. Hirano T. Kishimoto T. 1989 Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gp130 Cell 58 573 581
88. Tai Y.T. Podar K. Catley L. Tseng Y.H. Akiyama M. Shringarpure R. Burger R. Hideshima T. Chauhan D. Mitsiades N. Richardson P. Munshi N.C. Kahn C.R. Mitsiades C. Anderson K.C. 2003a Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces adhesion and migration in human multiple myeloma cells via activation of beta1-integrin and phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/AKT signaling Cancer Research 63 5850 5858
89. Tai Y.T. Podar K. Mitsiades N. Lin B. Mitsiades C. Gupta D. Akiyama M. Catley L. Hideshima T. Munshi N.C. Treon S.P. Anderson K.C. 2003b CD40 induces human multiple myeloma cell migration via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/NF-kappa B signaling Blood 101 2762 2769
90. Tai Y.T. Li X. Tong X. Santos D. Otsuki T. Catley L. Tournilhac O. Podar K. Hideshima T. Schlossman R. Richardson P. Munshi N.C. Luqman M. Anderson K.C. 2005 Human anti-CD40 antagonist antibody triggers significant antitumor activity against human multiple myeloma Cancer Research 65 5898 5906
91. Tassone P. Neri P. Burger R. Savino R. Shammas M. Catley L. Podar K. Chauhan D. Masciari S. Gozzini A. Tagliaferri P. Venuta S. Munshi N.C. Anderson K.C. 2005a Combination therapy with interleukin-6 receptor superantagonist Sant7 and dexamethasone induces antitumor effects in a novel SCID-hu In vivo model of human multiple myeloma Clinical Cancer Resarch 11 4251 4258
92. Tassone P. Neri P. Carrasco D.R. Burger R. Goldmacher V.S. Fram R. Munshi V. Shammas M.A. Catley L. Jacob G.S. Venuta S. Anderson K.C. Munshi N.C. 2005b A clinically relevant SCID-hu in vivo model of human multiple myeloma Blood 106 713 716
93. Tassone P. Neri P. Kutok J.L. Tournilhac O. Santos D.D. Hatjiharissi E. Munshi V. Venuta S. Anderson K.C. Treon S.P. Munshi N.C. 2005c A SCID-hu in vivo model of human Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Blood 106 1341 1345
94. Tian E. Zhan F. Walker R. Rasmussen E. Ma Y. Barlogie B. Shaughnessy Jr. J.D. 2003 The role of the Wnt-signaling antagonist DKK1 in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma New England Journal of Medicine 349 2483 2494
95. Tricot G. Spencer T. Sawyer J. Spoon D. Desikan R. Fassas A. Badros A. Zangari M. Munshi N. Anaissie E. Toor A. Barlogie B. 2002 Predicting long-term (≥5 years) event-free survival in multiple myeloma patients following planned tandem autotransplants British Journal of Haematology 116 211 217
96. Trikha M. Corringham R. Klein B. Rossi J.F. 2003 Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer: a review of the rationale and clinical evidence Clinical Cancer Research 9 4653 4665
97. Trudel S. Ely S. Farooqi Y. Affer M. Robbiani D.F. Chesi M. Bergsagel P.L. 2004 Inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 induces differentiation and apoptosis in t(4;14) myeloma Blood 103 3521 3528
98. Urashima M. Ogata A. Chauhan D. Hatziyanni M. Vidriales M.B. Dedera D.A. Schlossman R.L. Anderson K.C. 1996 Transforming growth factor-beta1: differential effects on multiple myeloma versus normal B cells Blood 87 1928 1938
99. Vacca A. Ribatti D. Presta M. Minischetti M. Iurlaro M. Ria R. Albini A. Bussolino F. Dammacco F. 1999 Bone marrow neovascularization, plasma cell angiogenic potential, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion parallel progression of human multiple myeloma Blood 93 3064 3073
100. Vacca A. Ria R. Semeraro F. Merchionne F. Coluccia M. Boccarelli A. Scavelli C. Nico B. Gernone A. Battelli F. Tabilio A. Guidolin D. Petrucci M.T. Ribatti D. Dammacco F. 2003 Endothelial cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma Blood 102 3340 3348
101. Vacca A. Scavelli C. Montefusco V. Di Pietro G. Neri A. Mattioli M. Bicciato S. Nico B. Ribatti D. Dammacco F. Corradini P. 2005 Thalidomide downregulates angiogenic genes in bone marrow endothelial cells of patients with active multiple myeloma Journal of Clinical Oncology 23 5334 5346
102. Wuilleme-Toumi S. Robillard N. Gomez P. Moreau P. Le Gouill S. Avet-Loiseau H. Harousseau J.L. Amiot M. Bataille R. 2005 Mcl-1 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma and associated with relapse and shorter survival Leukemia 19 1248 1252
103. Yasui H. Hideshima T. Hamasaki M. Roccaro A.M. Shiraishi N. Kumar S. Tassone P. Ishitsuka K. Raje N. Tai Y.T. Podar K. Chauhan D. Leoni L.M. Kanekal S. Elliott G. Munshi N.C. Anderson K.C. 2005a SDX-101, the R-enantiomer of etodolac, induces cytotoxicity, overcomes drug resistance, and enhances the activity of dexamethasone in multiple myeloma Blood 106 706 712
104. Yasui H. Hideshima T. Raje N. Roccaro A.M. Shiraishi N. Kumar S. Hamasaki M. Ishitsuka K. Tai Y.T. Podar K. Catley L. Mitsiades C.S. Richardson P.G. Albert R. Brinkmann V. Chauhan D. Anderson K.C. 2005b FTY720 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and overcomes drug resistance Cancer Research 65 7478 7484
105. Zannettino A.C. Farrugia A.N. Kortesidis A. Manavis J. To L.B. Martin S.K. Diamond P. Tamamura H. Lapidot T. Fujii N. Gronthos S. 2005 Elevated serum levels of stromal-derived factor-1alpha are associated with increased osteoclast activity and osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma patients Cancer Research 65 1700 1709
106. Zhang B. Gojo I. Fenton R.G. 2002 Myeloid cell factor-1 is a critical survival factor for multiple myeloma Blood 99 1885 1893
107. Zweidler-McKay P.A. He Y. Xu L. Rodriguez C.G. Karnell F.G. Carpenter A.C. Aster J.C. Allman D. Pear W.S. 2006 Notch signaling is a potent inducer of growth arrest and apoptosis in a wide range of B cell malignancies Blood in press