Influence of dietary carbohydrate and fat on LDL and HDL particle distributions

Current Atherosclerosis Reports

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 455-459

  Siri, Patty W ^a   Krauss, Ronald M ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OAKLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE; CORN OIL; FAT; FATTY ACID; FISH OIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PLACEBO; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; STARCH; SUGAR; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ATHEROGENESIS; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG MECHANISM; DYSLIPIDEMIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID COMPOSITION; LIPID DIET; LOW FAT DIET; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PARTICLE SIZE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY FATS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; MALE; PARTICLE SIZE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 29844455556     PISSN: 15233804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-005-0062-9     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Berneis KK, Krauss RM: Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity. J Lipid Res 2002, 43:1363-1379.
2. Reaven GM, Chen YD, Jeppesen J, et al.: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles. J Clin Invest 1993, 92:141-146.
3. Grundy SM: Small LDL, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 1997, 95:1-4.
4. Austin MA, King MC, Vranizan KM, Krauss RM: Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk. Circulation 1990, 82:495-506.
5. McNamara JR, Campos H, Ordovas JM, et al.: Effect of gender, age, and lipid status on low density lipoprotein subfraction distribution. Results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Arteriosclerosis 1987, 7:483-490.
6. McNamara JR, Jenner JL, Li Z, et al.: Change in LDL particle size is associated with change in plasma triglyceride concentration. Arterioscler Thromb 1992, 12:1284-1290.
7. Lewis GF, Rader DJ: New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. Circ Res 2005, 96:1221-1232.
8. Hopkins GJ, Barter PJ: Role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and hepatic lipase in determining the particle size and composition of high density lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 1986, 27:1265-1277.
9. Rashid S, Watanabe T, Sakaue T, Lewis GF: Mechanisms of HDL lowering in insulin resistant, hypertriglyceridemic states: the combined effect of HDL triglyceride enrichment and elevated hepatic lipase activity. Clin Biochem 2003, 36:421-429.
10. Brinton EA, Eisenberg S, Breslow JL: Increased apo A-I and apo A-II fractional catabolic rate in patients with low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels with or without hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Invest 1991, 87:536-544.
11. Brinton EA, Eisenberg S, Breslow JL: Elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels correlate with decreased apolipoprotein A-I and A-II fractional catabolic rate in women. J Clin Invest 1989, 84:262-269.
12. Brinton EA, Eisenberg S, Breslow JL: Human HDL cholesterol levels are determined by apoA-I fractional catabolic rate, which correlates inversely with estimates of HDL particle size. Effects of gender, hepatic and lipoprotein lipases, triglyceride and insulin levels, and body fat distribution. Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14:707-720.
13. Ooi EM, Watts GF, Farvid MS, et al.: High-density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein A-I Kinetics in Obesity. Obes Res 2005, 13:1008-1016.
14. La Belle M, Krauss RM: Differences in carbohydrate content of low density lipoproteins associated with low density lipoprotein subclass patterns. J Lipid Res 1990, 31:1577-1588.
15. Lund-Katz S, Laplaud PM, Phillips MC, Chapman MJ: Apolipoprotein B-100 conformation and particle surface charge in human LDL subspecies: implication for LDL receptor interaction. Biochemistry 1998, 37:12867-12874.
16. McNamara JR, Small DM, Li Z, Schaefer EJ: Differences in LDL subspecies involve alterations in lipid composition and conformational changes in apolipoprotein B. J Lipid Res 1996, 37:1924-1935.
17. Nigon F, Lesnik P, Rouis M, Chapman MJ: Discrete subspecies of human low density lipoproteins are heterogeneous in their interaction with the cellular LDL receptor. J Lipid Res 1991, 32:1741-1753.
18. Campos H, Arnold KS, Balestra ME, et al.: Differences in receptor binding of LDL subfractions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996, 16:794-801.
19. Bjornheden T, Babyi A, Bondjers G, Wiklund O: Accumulation of lipoprotein fractions and subfractions in the arterial wall, determined in an in vitro perfusion system. Atherosclerosis 1996, 123:43-56.
20. Chait A, Brazg RL, Tribble DL, Krauss RM: Susceptibility of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins to oxidative modification in subjects with the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, pattern B. Am J Med 1993, 94:350-356.
21. Blanche PJ, Gong EL, Forte TM, Nichols AV: Characterization of human high-density lipoproteins by gradient gel electrophoresis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1981, 665:408-419.
22. Williams PT, Dreon DM, Krauss RM: Effects of dietary fat on high-density-lipoprotein subclasses are influenced by both apolipoprotein E isoforms and low-density-lipoprotein subclass patterns. Am J Clin Nutr 1995, 61:1234-1240.
23. Pascot A, Lemieux I, Prud'homme D, et al.: Reduced HDL particle size as an additional feature of the atherogenic dyslipidemia of abdominal obesity. J Lipid Res 2001, 42:2007-2014.
24. Festa A, Williams K, Hanley AJ, et al.: Nuclear magnetic resonance lipoprotein abnormalities in prediabetic subjects in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Circulation 2005. 111:3465-3472.
25. Krauss RM, Williams PT, Lindgren FT, Wood PD: Coordinate changes in levels of human serum low and high density lipoprotein subclasses in healthy men. Arteriosclerosis 1988, 8:155-162.
26. Campos H, Willett WC, Peterson RM, et al.: Nutrient intake comparisons between Framingham and rural and Urban Puriscal, Costa Rica. Associations with lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and low density lipoprotein particle size. Arterioscler Thromb 1991, 11:1089-1099.
27. Dreon DM, Fernstrom HA, Miller B, Krauss RM: Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and lipoprotein response to a reduced-fat diet in men. FASEB J 1994, 8:121-126.
28. Krauss RM, Dreon DM: Low-density-lipoprotein subclasses and response to a low-fat diet in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 1995, 62:478S-487S.
29. Krauss RM: Dietary and genetic effects on low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity. Annu Rev Nutr 2001, 21:283-295.
30. Parks EJ, Hellerstein MK: Carbohydrate-induced hypertriacylglycerolemia: historical perspective and review of biological mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:412-433.
31. Ordovas JM: The genetics of serum lipid responsiveness to dietary interventions. Proc Nutr Soc 1999, 58:171-187.
32. Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S, Ausman LM, et al.: Individual variability in lipoprotein cholesterol response to National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65:823-830.
33. Dreon DM, Fernstrom HA, Williams PT, Krauss RM: LDL subclass patterns and lipoprotein response to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet in women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997, 17:707-714.
34. Parks EJ, Krauss RM, Christiansen MP, et al.: Effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on VLDL-triglyceride assembly, production, and clearance. J Clin Invest 1999, 104:1087-1096.
35. Hudgins LC, Hellerstein MK, Seidman CE, et al.: Relationship between carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridermia and fatty acid synthesis in lean and obese subjects. J Lipid Res 2000, 41:595-604.
36. Brinton EA, Eisenberg S, Breslow JL: A low-fat diet decreases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by decreasing HDL apolipoprotein transport rates. J Clin Invest 1990, 85:144-151.
37. Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Carrasco W, et al.: Short-term consumption of a low-fat diet beneficially affects plasma lipid concentrations only when accompanied by weight loss. Hypercholesterolemia, low-fat diet, and plasma lipids. Arterioscler Thromb 1994, 14:1751-1760.
38. Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S, et al.: Body weight and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol changes after consumption of a low-fat ad libitum diet. JAMA 1995, 274:1450-1455.
39. Krauss R: unpublished data. 2005.
40. Brand-Miller JC: Glycemic load and chronic disease. Nutr Rev 2003, 61(5 Pt 2):S49-S55.
41. Dumesnil JG, Turgeon J, Tremblay A, et al.: Effect of a low-glycaemic index - low-fat - high protein diet on the atherogenic metabolic risk profile of abdominally obese men. Br J Nutr 2001, 86:557-568.
42. Slyper A, Jurva J, Pleuss J, et al.: Influence of glycemic load on HDL cholesterol in youth. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81:376-379.
43. Luscombe ND, Noakes M, Clifton PM: Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999, 53:473-478.
44. Garg A, Bonanome A, Grundy SM, et al.: Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:829-834.
45. Kasim-Karakas SE, Almario RU, Mueller WM, Peerson J: Changes in plasma lipoproteins during low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets: effects of energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:1439-1447.
46. Katan MB, Zock PL, Mensink RP: Effects of fats and fatty acids on blood lipids in humans: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 60(Suppl 6):1017S-1022S.
47. Mensink RP, Katan MB: Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials. Arterioscler Thromb 1992, 12:911-919.
48. Dreon DM, Fernstrom HA, Campos H, et al.: Change in dietary saturated fat intake is correlated with change in mass of large low-density-lipoprotein particles in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998, 67:828-836.
49. Dietschy JM: Dietary fatty acids and the regulation of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. J Nutr 1998, 128(Suppl 2):444S-448S.
50. Krauss RM: Hold the antioxidants and improve plasma lipids? J Clin Invest 2004, 113:1253-1255.
51. Grande F, Anderson JT, Keys A: Comparison of effects of palmitic and stearic acids in the diet on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1970, 23:1184-1193.
52. Hegsted DM, McGandy RB, Myers ML, Stare FJ: Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1965, 17:281-295.
53. Ashton EL, Best JD, Ball MJ: Effects of monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil on CHD risk factors including LDL size and copper-induced LDL oxidation. J Am Coll Nutr 2001, 20:320-326.
54. Rivellese AA, Maffettone A, Vessby B, et al.: Effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated and n-3 fatty acids on fasting lipoproteins, LDL size and post-prandial lipid metabolism in healthy subjects. Atherosclerosis 2003, 167:149-158.
55. Khan S, Minihane AM, Talmud PJ, et al.: Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs increase LPL gene expression in adipose tissue of subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. J Lipid Res 2002, 43:979-985.
56. Callow J, Summers LK, Bradshaw H, Frayn KN: Changes in LDL particle composition after the consumption of meals containing different amounts and types of fat. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 76:345-350.
57. Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S, et al.: Effects of National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets relatively high or relatively low in fish-derived fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1996, 63:234-241.
58. Suzukawa M, Abbey M, Howe PR, Nestel PJ: Effects of fish oil fatty acids on low density lipoprotein size, oxidizability, and uptake by macrophages. J Lipid Res 1995, 36:473-484.
59. Griffin BA: The effect of n-3 fatty acids on low density lipoprotein subfractions. Lipids 2001, 36(Suppl):S91-S97.
60. Rader DJ: Effects of nonstatin lipid drug therapy on high-density lipoprotein metabolism. Am J Cardiol 2003, 91(7A):18E-23E.
61. Harris WS: n-3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: comparison of results from human and animal studies. Lipids 1996, 31:243-252.
62. Thomas TR, Smith BK, Donahue OM, et al.: Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and exercise on low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein subfractions. Metabolism 2004, 53:749-754.
63. Lu G, Windsor SL, Harris WS: Omega-3 fatty acids alter lipoprotein subfraction distributions and the in vitro conversion of very low density lipoproteins to low density lipoproteins. J Nutr Biochem 1999, 10:151-158.
64. Calabresi L, Villa B, Canavesi M, et al.: An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate increases plasma high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol and paraoxonase levels in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 2004, 53:153-158.
65. Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Jalbert SM, Schaefer EJ: Effects of different forms of dietary hydrogenated fats on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:1933-1940.
66. Nestel P, Noakes M, Belling B, et al.: Plasma lipoprotein lipid and Lp[a] changes with substitution of elaidic acid for oleic acid in the diet. J Lipid Res 1992, 33:1029-1036.
67. Ascherio A, Katan MB, Zock PL, et al.: Trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:1994-1998.
68. Kim MK, Campos H: Intake of trans fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein size in a Costa Rican population. Metabolism 2003, 52:693-698.
69. Mauger JF, Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, et al.: Effect of different forms of dietary hydrogenated fats on LDL particle size. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78:370-375.