γ-herpesvirus neoplasia: A growing role for COX-2

Microscopy Research and Technique

Volumn 68, Issue 3-4, 2005, Pages 120-129

  Shelby, Bryan D ^a   Nelson, Anne ^a   Morris, Cindy ^a,b  

^a TULANE UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Apoptosis; Bcl 2; Cyclooxygenase 2; Epstein Barr virus; Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus; Lymphomas; Neoplasia; p53; Replication

Indexed keywords

TUMORS; VIRUSES;

ANGIOGENESIS; BCL-2; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA; KAPOSI SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; LYMPHOMA; NEOPLASIA; P53; REPLICATION;

CELL DEATH;

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; BMS 279654; BUTYRIC ACID; CELECOXIB; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYTOKINE; DEXAMETHASONE; ENZYME INDUCING AGENT; GELATINASE A; GELATINASE B; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; INDOMETACIN; INTEGRIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; LATENT MEMBRANE PROTEIN 1; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MESSENGER RNA; N (2 CYCLOHEXYLOXY 4 NITROPHENYL)METHANESULFONAMIDE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN P53; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1; VASCULOTROPIN;

ANGIOFOLLICULAR LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA; ANGIOGENESIS; BREAST CANCER; BURKITT LYMPHOMA; CELL CYCLE; CELL SURVIVAL; COLON CANCER; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HERPES VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; KAPOSI SARCOMA; LYMPHOMA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; NONHUMAN; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE; VIRUS CARCINOGENESIS; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

HERPESVIRIDAE; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8; KAPOSI SARCOMA ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS;

EID: 28144444929     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20226     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Akula SM, Pramod NP, Wang FZ, Chandran B. 2002. Integrin α3β1 (CD 49c/29) is a cellular receptor for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) entry into the target cells. Cell 108: 407-419.
2. Aoki Y, Jaffe ES, Chang Y, Jones K, Teruya-Feldstein J, Moore PS, Tosato G. 1999. Angiogenesis and hematopoiesis induced by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded interleukin-6. Blood 93:4034-4043.
3. Bellows DS, Howell M, Pearson C, Hazlewood SA, Hardwick JM. 2002. Epstein-Barr virus BALF1 is a Bcl-2-like antagonist of the herpesvirus antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. J Virol 76:2469-2479.
4. Ben-Av P, Crofford LJ, Wilder RL, Hla T. 1995. Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in synovial fibroblasts by prostaglandin E and interleukin-1: a potential mechanism for inflammatory angiogenesis. FEBS Lett 372:83-87.
5. Bergman R, Ramon M, Kilim S, Lichtig C, Friedman-Birnbaum BR. 1996. An immunohistochemical study of p53 protein expression in classical Kaposi's sarcoma. Am J Dermatopathol 18:367-370.
6. Bishop-Bailey D, Calatayud S, Warner TD, Hla T, Mitchell JA. 2002. Prostaglandins and the regulation of tumor growth. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 21:93-101.
7. Chen N, Restivo A, Reiss CS. 2002. Selective inhibition of COX-2 is beneficial to mice infected intranasally with VSV. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 67:143-155.
8. Cheng EH, Nicholas J, Bellows DS, Hayward GS, Guo HG, Reitz MS, Hardwick JM. 1997. A Bcl-2 homolog encoded by Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus, human herpesvirus 8, inhibits apoptosis but does not heterodimerize with Bax or Bak. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 690-694.
9. Cheng AS, Chan HL, Leung WK, Wong N, Johnson PJ, Sung JJ. 2003. Specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, suppresses cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 23:113-119.
10. Cheng AS, Chan HL, Leung WK, To KF, Go MY, Chan JY, Liew CT, Sung JJ. 2004a. Expression of HBx and COX-2 in chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: implication of HBx in upregulation of COX-2. Mod Pathol 17:1169-1179.
11. Cheng AS, Chan HL, To KF, Leung WK, Chan KK, Liew CT, Sung JJ. 2004b. Cyclooxygenase-2 pathway correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor angiogenesis in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 24: 853-860.
12. Cheung FM, Pang SW, Yau TK, Chow SK, Lo KW. 2004. Nasopharyngeal intraepithelial lesion: latent Epstein-Barr virus infection with malignant potential. Histopathology 45:171-179.
13. Cohen T, Nahari D, Cerem LW, Neifeld G, Levi BZ. 1996. Interleukin 6 induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biol Chem 271:736-741.
14. Coleman RA, Smith WL, Narumiya S. 1994. International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: properties, distribution, and structure of the receptors and their subtypes. Pharmacol Rev 46:205-229.
15. Dada MA, Chetty R, Biddolph SC, Schneider JW, Gatter KC. 1996. The immunoexpression of bcl-2 and p53 in Kaposi's sarcoma. Histopathology 29:159-163.
16. Daibata M, Taguchi T, Taguchi H, Miyoshi I. 1998. Integration of human herpesvirus 6 in a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. Br J Haematol 102:1307-1313.
17. Damania B. 2004. Oncogenic γ-herpesviruses: comparison of viral proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2:656-668.
18. Damania B, Jeong JH, Bowser BS, DeWire SM, Staudt MR, Dittmer DP. 2004. Comparison of the Rta/Orf50 transactivator proteins of γ-2-herpesviruses. J Virol 78:5491-5499.
19. Daniel TO, Liu H, Morrow JD, Crews BC, Marnett LJ. 1999. Thromboxane A2 is a mediator of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 59:4574-4577.
20. Dixon DA, Kaplan CD, McIntyre TM, Zimmerman GA, Prescott SM. 2000. Post-transcriptional control of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression. The role of the 3′-untranslated region. J Biol Chem 275: 11750-11757.
21. Dore-Duffy P. 1982. Differential effect of prostaglandins and other products of arachidonic acid metabolism on measles virus replication in Vero cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 8:73-82.
22. 3 integrin-mediated and Cdc42/Rac-dependent endothelial-cell spreading, migration and angiogenesis. Nat Med 7:1041-1047.
23. 3-dependent endothelial cell adhesion, racactivation, and spreading through cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 277:45838-45846.
24. DuBois RN, Abramson SB, Crofford L, Gupta RA, Simon LS, Van De Putte LB, Lipsky PE. 1998. Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease. FASEB 12:1063-1073.
25. Eliopoulos AG, Davies C, Blake SS, Murray P, Najafipour S, Tsichlis PN, Young LS. 2002. The oncogenic protein kinase Tpl-2/Cot contributes to Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent infection membrane protein 1-induced NF-κB signaling downstream of TRAF2. J Virol 76:4567-4579.
26. Ensoli B, Sgadari C, Barillari G, Sirianni MC, Sturzl M, Monini P. 2001. Biology of Kaposi's sarcoma. Eur J Cancer 37:1251-1269.
27. Feng P, Scott CW, Cho NH, Nakamura H, Chung YH, Monteiro MJ, Jung JU. 2004. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K7 protein targets a ubiquitin-like/ubiquitin-associated domain-containing protein to promote protein degradation. Mol Cell Biol 24:3938-3948.
28. Fernandez-Figueras MT, Puig L, Fernandez-Vasalo A, Esquius M, Montero MA, Ariza A. 2000. Immunohistochemical detection of Bcl-2 in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions varies according to histopathologic stage, whereas expression of Bcl-x and Mcl-1 differs according to human immunodeficiency virus serologic status of patients. Mod Pathol 13:438-445.
29. Flamini G, Magalini S, Curigliano G, Nanni G, Boninsegna A, Agnes S, Faticato D, Castagneto M, Cittadini A. 1997. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein in transplant recipients with Kaposi's sarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 123:240-242.
30. Fosslien E. 2000. Molecular Pathology of cyclooxygenase-2 in neoplasia. Ann Clin Lab Sci 30:3-21.
31. Friborg J, Jr, Kong W, Hottiger MO, Nabel GJ. 1999. p53 inhibition by the LANA protein of KSHV protects against cell death. Nature 402:889-894.
32. Gallo O, Schiavone N, Papucci L, Sardi I, Magnelli L, Franchi A, Masini E, Capaccioli S. 2003. Down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways by p53 in squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol 163:723-732.
33. Gately S. 2000. The contributions of cyclooxygenase-2 to tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 19:19-27.
34. Gruber R, Nothegger G, Ho GM, Willheim M, Peterlik M. 2000. Differential stimulation by PGE(2) and calcemic hormones of IL-6 in stromal/osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270:1080-1085.
35. Gupta S, Srivastava M, Ahmad N, Bostwick DG, Mukhtar H. 2000. Over-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate adenocarcinoma. Prostate 42:73-78.
36. Gwack Y, Hwang S, Byun H, Lim C, Kim JW, Choi EJ, Choe J. 2001. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus open reading frame 50 represses p53-induced transcriptional activity and apoptosis. J Virol 75:6245-6248.
37. Harada S, Nagy JA, Sullivan KA, Thomas KA, Endo N, Rodan GA, Rodan SB. 1994. Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by prostaglandin E2 and E1 in osteoblasts. J Clin Invest 93:2490-2496.
38. He H, Venema VJ, Gu X, Venema RC, Marrero MB, Caldwell RB. 1999. Vascular endothelial growth factor signals endothelial cell production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin through flk-1/KDR activation of c-Src. J Biol Chem 274:25130-25135.
39. Hill JM, Lukiw WJ, Gebhardt BM, Higaki S, Loutsch JM, Myles ME, Thompson HW, Kwon BS, Bazan NG, Kaufman HE. 2001. Gene expression analyzed by microarrays in HSV-1 latent mouse trigeminal ganglion following heat stress. Virus Genes 23:273-280.
40. Hinson RM, Williams JA, Shacter E. 1996. Elevated interleukin 6 is induced by prostaglandin E2 in a murine model of inflammation: possible role of cyclooxygenase-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:4885-4890.
41. Horikawa T, Yoshizaki T, Sheen TS, Lee SY, Furukawa M. 2000. Association of latent membrane protein 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 with metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 89:715-723.
42. v integrins. Oncogene 19: 1915-1923.
43. Hwang D, Scollard D, Byrne J, Levine E. 1998. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:455-460.
44. Impola U, Cuccuru MA, Masala MV, Jeskanen L, Cottoni F, Saarialho-Kere U. 2003. Preliminary communication: matrix metalloproteinases in Kaposi's sarcoma. Br J Dermatol 149:905-907.
45. Janelle ME, Gravel A, Gosselin J, Tremblay MJ, Flamand L. 2002. Activation of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by human herpesvirus: role for cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein and activator-protein-1. 6. J Biol Chem 277:30665-30674.
46. Kennedy G, Komano J, Sugden B. 2003. Epstein-Barr virus provides a survival factor to Burkitt's lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:14269-14274.
47. Kim LH, Nadarajah VS, Peh SC, Poppema S. 2004. Expression of Bcl-2 family members and presence of Epstein-Barr virus in the regulation of cell growth and death in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Histopathology 44:257-267.
48. Kuno S, Ueno R, Hayaishi O, Nakashima H, Harada S, Yamamoto N. 1986. Prostaglandin E2, a seminal constituent, facilitates the replication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3487-3490.
49. Kwok Fung Lo A, Liu Y, Wang X, Wong YC, Kai Fai Lee C, Huang DP, Tsao SW. 2001. Identification of downstream target genes of latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by suppression subtractive hybridization. Biochim Biophys Acta 1520:131-140.
50. Lara-Pezzi E, Gomez-Gaviro MV, Galvez BG, Mira E, Iniguez MA, Fresno M, Martinez AC, Arroyo AG, Lopez-Cabrera M. 2002. The hepatitis B virus X protein promotes tumor cell invasion by inducing membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. J Clin Invest 110:1831-1838.
51. Li JJ, Huang YQ, Cockerell CJ, Zhang WG, Nicolaides A, Friedman-Kien AE. 1997. Expression and mutation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Am J Dermatopathol 19:373-378.
52. Li A, Dubey S, Varney ML, Singh RK. 2002a. Interleukin-8-induced proliferation, survival, and MMP production in CXCR1 and CXCR2 expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 64:476-481.
53. Li G, Yang T, Yan J. 2002b. Cyclooxygenase-2 increased the angiogeneic and metastatic potential of tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 299:886-890.
54. Li XH, Li JJ, Zhang HW, Sun P, Zhang YL, Cai SH, Ren XD. 2003. Nimesulide inhibits tumor growth in mice implanted hepatoma: overexpression of Bax over Bcl-2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 24:1045-1050.
55. Lin DW, Nelson PS. 2003. The role of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition for the prevention and treatment of prostate carcinoma. Clin Prostate Cancer 2:119-126.
56. Lu JJ, Chen CL, Hsu TY, Chen JY, Su IJ, Yu WC, Yang CS. 2002. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and B-cell leukemia-lymphoma 2 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 35:136-140.
57. Lu J, Chua HH, Chen SY, Chen JY, Tsai CH. 2003. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 by Epstein-Barr virus proteins. Cancer Res 63:256-262.
58. Luka J, Kallin B, Klein G. 1979. Induction of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cycle in latently infected cells by n-butyrate. Virology 94:228-231.
59. Mauser A, Saito S, Appella E, Anderson CW, Seaman WT, Kenney S. 2002. The Epstein-barr virus immediate-early protein BZLF1 regulates p53 function through multiple mechanisms. J Virol 76:12503-12512.
60. Meade-Tollin LC, Way D, Witte MH. 1999. Expression of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and urokinase type plasminogen activator in cultured Kaposi sarcoma cells. Acta Histochem 101:305-316.
61. Melendez LV, Hunt RD, Daniel MD, Garcia FG, Fraser CE. 1969. Herpesvirus saimiri. II. Experimentally induced malignant lymphoma in primates. Lab Anim Care 19:378-386.
62. Miller G, Rigsby MO, Heston L, Grogan E, Sun R, Metroka C, Levy JA, Gao SJ, Chang Y, Moore P. 1996. Antibodies to butyrate-inducible antigens of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in patients with HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 334:1292-1297.
63. Mohammed NA, Abd El-Aleem SA, El-Hafiz HA, McMahon RF. 2004. Distribution of constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) cyclooxygenase in postviral human liver cirrhosis: a possible role for COX-2 in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. J Clin Pathol 57:350-354.
64. Montaner S, Sodhi A, Pece S, Mesri EA, Gutkind JS. 2001. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor promotes endothelial cell survival through the activation of Akt/protein kinase B. Cancer Res 61:2641-2648.
65. Moos PJ, Edes K, Fitzpatrick FA. 2000. Inactivation of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor by electrophilic prostaglandins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:9215-9220.
66. Morris CB, Gendelman R, Marrogi AJ, Lu M, Lockyer JM, Alperin-Lea W, Ensoli B. 1996. Immunohistochemical detection of Bcl-2 in AIDS-associated and classical Kaposi's sarcoma. Am J Pathol 148: 1055-1063.
67. Motro B, Itin A, Sachs L, Keshet E. 1990. Pattern of interleukin 6 gene expression in vivo suggests a role for this cytokine in angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:3092-3096.
68. Murohara T, Horowitz JR, Silver M, Tsurumi Y, Chen D, Sullivan A, Isner JM. 1998. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor enhances vascular permeability via nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Circulation 97:99-107.
69. Murono S, Yoshizaki T, Sato H, Takeshita H, Furukawa M, Pagano JS. 2000. Aspirin inhibits tumor cell invasiveness induced by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 through suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Cancer Res 60:2555-2561.
70. Murono S, Inoue H, Tanabe T, Joab I, Yoshizaki T, Furukawa M, Pagano JS. 2001. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 is involved in vascular endothelial growth factor production in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6905-6910.
71. Nakamura H, Li M, Zarycki J, Jung JU. 2001. Inhibition of p53 tumor suppressor by viral interferon regulatory factor. J Virol 75:7572-7582.
72. Naranatt PP, Krishnan HH, Svojanovsky SR, Bloomer C, Mathur S, Chandran B. 2004. Hose gene induction and transcriptional reprogramming in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/ HHV-8)-infected endothelial, fibroblasts, and B cells: insights into modulation events early during infection. Cancer Res 64:72-84.
73. Navamani M, Morgan M, Williams RJ. 1997. Ethanol modulates N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked arachidonic acid release from neurones. Eur J Pharmacol 340:27-34.
74. Nicholls J, Kremmer E, Meseda CA, Mackett M, Hahn P, Gulley ML, Brink A, Swinnen LJ, Greenspan J, De Souza Y, Grasser F, Sham J, Ng MH, Arrand JR. 2001. Comparative analysis of the expression of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) anti-apoptotic gene BHRF1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV-related lymphoid diseases. J Med Virol 65:105-113.
75. Nunez O, Fernandez-Martinez A, Majano PL, Apolinario A, Gomez-Gonzalo M, Benedicto I, Lopez-Cabrera M, Bosca L, Clemente G, Garcia-Monzon C, Martin-Sanz P. 2004. Increased intrahepatic cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression is associated with progressive liver disease in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: role of viral core and NS5A proteins. Gut 53:1665-1672.
76. Ojala PM, Tiainen M, Salven P, Veikkola T, Castanos-Velez E, Sarid R, Biberfeld P, Makela TP. 1999. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded v-cyclin triggers apoptosis in cells with high levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 6. Cancer Res 59:4984-4989.
77. Ojala PM, Yamamoto K, Castanos-Velez E, Biberfeld P, Korsmeyer SJ, Makela TP. 2000. The apoptotic v-cyclin-CDK6 complex phosphorylates and inactivates Bcl-2. Nat Cell Biol 2:819-825.
78. Ongradi J, Telekes A. 1990. Relationship between the prostaglandin cascade and virus infection. Acta Virol 34:380-400.
79. Pagano JS, Blaser M, Buendia MA, Damania B, Khalili K, Raab-Traub N, Roizman B. 2004. Infectious agents and cancer: criteria for a causal relation. Semin Cancer Biol 14:453-471.
80. Park J, Seo T, Hwang S, Lee D, Gwack Y, Choe J. 2000. The K-bZIP protein from Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts with p53 and represses its transcriptional activity. J Virol 74: 11977-11982.
81. Pati S, Cavrois M, Guo HG, Foulke JS, Jr, Kim J, Feldman RA, Reitz M. 2001. Activation of NF-κB by the human herpesvirus 8 chemokine receptor ORF74: evidence for a paracrine model of Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis. J Virol 75:8660-8673.
82. Pillay P, Chetty R, Reddy R. 1999. Bcl-2 and p53 immunoprofile in Kaposi's sarcoma. Pathol Oncol Res 5:17-20.
83. Poole LJ, Yu Y, Kim PS, Zheng QZ, Pevsner J, Hayward GS. 2002. Altered patterns of cellular gene expression in dermal microvascular endothelial cells infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Virol 76:3395-3420.
84. Rahman MA, Dhar DK, Yamaguchi E, Maruyama S, Sato T, Hayashi H, Ono T, Yamanoi A, Kohno H, Nagasue N. 2001. Coexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver: possible involvement of COX-2 in the angiogenesis of hepatitis C virus-positive cases. Clin Cancer Res 7: 1325-1332.
85. Ren Q, Sato H, Murono S, Furukawa M, Yoshizaki T. 2004. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 induces interleukin-8 through the nuclear factor-κ B signaling pathway in EBV-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. Laryngoscope 114:855-859.
86. Savard M, Belanger C, Tremblay MJ, Dumais N, Flamand L, Borgeat P, Gosselin J. 2000. EBV Suppresses Prostaglandin E2 Biosynthesis in Human Monocytes. J Immunol 164:6467-6473.
87. Scinicariello F, Dolan MJ, Nedelcu I, Tyring SK, Hilliard JK. 1994. Occurrence of human papillomavirus and p53 gene mutations in Kaposi's sarcoma. Virology 203:153-157.
88. Searles RP, Bergquam EP, Axthelm MK, Wong SW. 1999. Sequence and genomic analysis of a Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus with similarity to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8. J Virol 73:3040-3053.
89. Sheu LF, Chen A, Lee HS, Hsu HY, Yu DS. 2004. Cooperative interactions among p53, bcl-2, and Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Pathol Int 54:475-485.
90. Simonart T, Degraef C, Noel JC, Fokan D, Zhou L, Pradier O, Ducarme M, Schandene L, Van Vooren JP, Parent D, Heenen M. 1998. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cells. J Invest Dermatol 111:349-353.
91. Singh A, Purohit A, Ghilchik MW, Reed MJ. 1999. The regulation of aromatase activity in breast fibroblasts: the role of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2. Endocr Rel Cancer 6:139-147.
92. Singh A, Sharma H, Salhan S, Gupta SD, Bhatla N, Jain SK, Singh N. 2004. Evaluation of expression of apoptosis-related proteins and their correlation with HPV, telomerase activity, and apoptotic index in cervical cancer. Pathobiology 71:314-322.
93. Sodhi A, Montaner S, Patel V, Zohar M, Bais C, Mesri EA, Gutkind JS. 2000. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus G protein-coupled receptor up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression and secretion through mitogen-activated protein kinase and p38 pathways acting on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Cancer Res 60:4873-4880.
94. Speir E, Yu ZX, Ferrans VJ, Huang ES, Epstein SE. 1998. Aspirin attenuates cytomegalovirus infectivity and gene expression mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 in coronary smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 83:210-216.
95. Steer SA, Corbett JA. 2003. The role and regulation of COX-2 during viral infection. Viral Immunol 16:447-460.
96. Stine JT, Wood C, Hill M, Epp A, Raport CJ, Schweickart VL, Endo Y, Sasaki T, Simmons G, Boshoff C, Clapham P, Chang Y, Moore P, Gray PW, Chantry D. 2000. KSHV-encoded CC chemokine vMIP-III is a CCR4 agonist, stimulates angiogenesis, and selectively chemoattracts TH2 cells. Blood 95:1151-1157.
97. Sturzl M, Zietz C, Monini P, Ensoli B. 2001. Human herpesvirus-8 and Kaposi's sarcoma: relationship with the multistep concept of tumorigenesis. Adv Cancer Res 81:125-159.
98. Sunil-Chandra NP, Efstathiou S, Arno J, Nash AA. 1992a. Virological and pathological features of mice infected with murine γ-herpesvirus 68. J Gen Virol 73:2347-2356.
99. Sunil-Chandra NP, Efstathiou S, Nash AA. 1992b. Murine γ-herpesvirus 68 establishes a latent infection in mouse B lymphocytes in vivo. J Gen Virol 73:3275-3279.
100. Swamy MV, Herzog CR, Rao CV. 2003. Inhibition of COX-2 in colon cancer cell lines by celecoxib increases the nuclear localization of active p53. Cancer Res 63:5239-5242.
101. Symensma TL, Martinez-Guzman D, Jia Q, Bortz E, Wu TT, Rudra-Ganguly N, Cole S, Herschman H, Sun R. 2003. COX-2 induction during murine γ-herpesvirus 68 infection leads to enhancement of viral gene expression. J Virol 77:12753-12763.
102. 1 fibronectin receptor in HIV-1-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. Microbes Infect 2:1831-1833.
103. Tsujii M, Kawano S, DuBois RN. 1997. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human colon cancer cells increases metastatic potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3336-3340.
104. Tucker ON, Dannenberg AJ, Yang EK, Zhang F, Teng L, Daly JM, Soslow RA, Masferrer JL, Woerner BM, Koki AT, Fahey TJ, III. 1999. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 59:987-990.
105. Uccini S, Ruco LP, Monardo F, Stoppacciaro A, Dejana E, La Parola IL, Cerimele D, Baroni CD. 1994. Co-expression of endothelial cell and macrophage antigens in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. J Pathol 173: 23-31.
106. 3 integrin engagement modulates cell adhesion, proliferation, and protease secretion in human lymphoid tumor cells. Exp Hematol 29:993-1003.
107. Vane JR, Bakhle YS, Botting RM. 1998. Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 38:97-120.
108. Wang FZ, Akula SM, Sharma-Walia N, Zeng L, Chandran B. 2003. Human herpesvirus 8 envelope glycoprotein B mediates cell adhesion via its RGD sequence. J Virol 77:3131-3147.
109. Wang L, Wakisaka N, Tomlinson CC, DeWire SM, Krall S, Pagano JS, Damania B. 2004. The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) K1 protein induces expression of angiogenic and invasion factors. Cancer Res 64:2774-2781.
110. Widmer I, Wernli M, Bachmann F, Gudat F, Cathomas G, Erb P. 2002. Differential expression of viral Bcl-2 encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human Bcl-2 in primary effusion lymphoma cells and Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. J Virol 76: 2551-2556.
111. Williams CS, Tsujii M, Reese J, Dey SK, DuBois RN. 2000. Host cyclooxygenase-2 modulates carcinoma growth. J Clin Invest 105:1589-1594.
112. Wong SW, Bergquam EP, Swanson RM, Lee FW, Shiigi SM, Avery NA, Fanton JW, Axthelm MK. 1999. Induction of B cell hyperplasia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques with the simian homologue of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Exp Med 190:827-840.
113. Woodford NL, Call DR, Remick DG, Rochford R. 2004. Model of angiogenesis in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and xenoengrafted with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. Comp Med 54:209-215.
114. Xiong A, Clarke-Katzenberg RH, Valenzuela G, Izumi KM, Millan MT. 2004. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 activates nucelar factor-κB in human endothelial cells and inhibits apoptosis. Transplantation 78:41-49.
115. Yoshizaki T, Sato H, Murono S, Pagano JS, Furukawa M. 1999. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is induced by the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transactivator. Clin Exp Metastasis 17:431-436.
116. Yoshizaki T, Horikawa T, Qing-Chun R, Wakisaka N, Takeshita H, Sheen TS, Lee SY, Sato H, Furukawa M. 2001. Induction of interleukin-8 by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 and its correlation to angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 7:1946-1951.
117. Zhang X, Hu L, Fadeel B, Ernberg IT. 2002. Apoptosis modulation of Epstein-barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 in the epithelial cell line HeLa is stimulus-dependent. Virology 304:330-341.
118. Zhu H, Cong JP, Yu D, Bresnahan WA, Shenk TE. 2002. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 blocks human cytomegalovirus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:3932-3937.