메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 107-126

Ongoing issues of racial and ethnic stigma in education 50 years after Brown v. Board

Author keywords

Brown v. Board; Identity; Racial stigma; Racism

Indexed keywords


EID: 27644549097     PISSN: 00420972     EISSN: 15731960     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11256-005-0004-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (145)
  • 1
    • 0001881949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of school learning variables on the academic achievement of African American 10th graders
    • Adams C. R., & Singh K., (1998). Direct and indirect effects of school learning variables on the academic achievement of African American 10th graders Journal of Negro Education 67 48-66
    • (1998) Journal of Negro Education , vol.67 , pp. 48-66
    • Adams, C.R.1    Singh, K.2
  • 2
    • 0000169686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and oppressed social category membership
    • J.K. Swim & C. Stangor (eds) Academic Press San Diego
    • K. W. Allison 1998 Stress and oppressed social category membership In: J. K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.) Prejudice: The target's perspective Academic Press San Diego 145-170
    • (1998) Prejudice: The Target's Perspective , pp. 145-170
    • Allison, K.W.1
  • 3
    • 0035464223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype susceptibility in children: Effects of identity activation on quantitative performance
    • 10.1111/1467-9280.00371
    • Ambady N., Shih M., Kim A., & Pittinsky T. L., (2001). Stereotype susceptibility in children: Effects of identity activation on quantitative performance Psychological Science 12 385-390 10.1111/ 1467-9280.00371
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 385-390
    • Ambady, N.1    Shih, M.2    Kim, A.3    Pittinsky, T.L.4
  • 5
    • 27644557927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building empathy, compassion, and achievement in the jigsaw classroom
    • J. Aronson (Ed.) Academic Press San Diego, CA
    • E. Aronson 2002 Building empathy, compassion, and achievement in the jigsaw classroom In: J. Aronson (Ed.) Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education Academic Press San Diego, CA 209-225
    • (2002) Improving Academic Achievement: Impact of Psychological Factors on Education , pp. 209-225
    • Aronson, E.1
  • 6
    • 0344232060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype threat: Contending and coping with unnerving expectations
    • J. Aronson (Ed.) Academic Press San Diego
    • J. Aronson 2002 Stereotype threat: Contending and coping with unnerving expectations In: J. Aronson (Ed.) Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education Academic Press San Diego 279-301
    • (2002) Improving Academic Achievement: Impact of Psychological Factors on Education , pp. 279-301
    • Aronson, J.1
  • 7
    • 0036125462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence
    • 10.1006/jesp.2001.1491
    • Aronson J. L., Fried C. B., & Good C., (2002). Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38 113-125 10.1006/jesp.2001.1491
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 113-125
    • Aronson, J.L.1    Fried, C.B.2    Good, C.3
  • 10
    • 0029411653 scopus 로고
    • Racial identity, academic achievement, and psychological well-being of economically disadvantaged adolescents
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.903
    • Arroyo C. G., & Zigler E., (1995). Racial identity, academic achievement, and psychological well-being of economically disadvantaged adolescents Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 903-914 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.903
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 903-914
    • Arroyo, C.G.1    Zigler, E.2
  • 11
    • 85047668795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The American Psychological Association's response to Brown. v Board of Education: The case of Kenneth B. Clark
    • 10.1037//0003-066X.57.1.38
    • Benjamin L. T. Jr., & Crouse E. M., (2002). The American Psychological Association's response to Brown. v Board of Education: The case of Kenneth B. Clark American Psychologist 57 38-50 10.1037// 0003-066X.57.1.38
    • (2002) American Psychologist , vol.57 , pp. 38-50
    • Benjamin Jr., L.T.1    Crouse, E.M.2
  • 12
    • 0141641138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and the workforce: Occupational status, aspirations, and stereotyping among African American children
    • 10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.572
    • Bigler R. S., Averhart C. J., & Liben L. S., (2003). Race and the workforce: Occupational status, aspirations, and stereotyping among African American children Developmental Psychology 39 572-580 10.1037/ 0012-1649.39.3.572
    • (2003) Developmental Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 572-580
    • Bigler, R.S.1    Averhart, C.J.2    Liben, L.S.3
  • 13
    • 0035345178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African Americans and high blood pressure: The role of stereotype threat
    • 10.1111/1467-9280.00340
    • Blascovich J., Spencer S. J., Quinn D., & Steele C. M., (2001). African Americans and high blood pressure: The role of stereotype threat Psychological Science 12 225-229 10.1111/1467-9280.00340
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 225-229
    • Blascovich, J.1    Spencer, S.J.2    Quinn, D.3    Steele, C.M.4
  • 14
    • 27644473870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating a community of allies: How one school system attempted to create an anti-racist environment International
    • 10.1080/136031299293057
    • Blumer I., & Tatum B. D., (1999). Creating a community of allies: How one school system attempted to create an anti-racist environment International Journal of Leadership in Education: Theory and Practice 2(3) 255-267 10.1080/136031299293057
    • (1999) Journal of Leadership in Education: Theory and Practice , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-267
    • Blumer, I.1    Tatum, B.D.2
  • 16
    • 27644483248 scopus 로고
    • Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483
    • Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
    • (1954)
  • 17
    • 0032221112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic stigma as contextual experience: A possible selves perspective
    • Brown L. M., (1998). Ethnic stigma as contextual experience: A possible selves perspective Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24 163-172
    • (1998) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.24 , pp. 163-172
    • Brown, L.M.1
  • 18
    • 1842759612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' perceptions of teachers: The role of ethnic matching between pupils and instructors
    • 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00104.x
    • Brown L. M., & Dobbins H., (2004). Students' perceptions of teachers: The role of ethnic matching between pupils and instructors Journal of Social Issues 60 157-174
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , pp. 157-174
    • Brown, L.M.1    Dobbins, H.2
  • 19
    • 0033456798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A burden of proof: Stereotype relevance and gender differences in math performance
    • 10.1037//0022-3514.76.2.246
    • Brown R. P., & Josephs R. A., (1999). A burden of proof: Stereotype relevance and gender differences in math performance Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 246-257 10.1037//0022-3514.76.2.246
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 246-257
    • Brown, R.P.1    Josephs, R.A.2
  • 20
    • 0034388241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in processes contributing to the self-esteem of early adolescent girls
    • Carlson C., Uppal S., & Prosser E. C., (2000). Ethnic differences in processes contributing to the self-esteem of early adolescent girls Journal of Early Adolescence 20 44-67
    • (2000) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.20 , pp. 44-67
    • Carlson, C.1    Uppal, S.2    Prosser, E.C.3
  • 21
    • 0038044294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher-student interactions and race in integrated classrooms
    • Casteel C. A., (1998). Teacher-student interactions and race in integrated classrooms The Journal of Educational Research 92 115-120
    • (1998) The Journal of Educational Research , vol.92 , pp. 115-120
    • Casteel, C.A.1
  • 22
    • 0141952270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American students' perceptions of their treatment by Caucasian teachers
    • Casteel C. A., (2000). African American students' perceptions of their treatment by Caucasian teachers Journal of Instructional Psychology 27 143-148
    • (2000) Journal of Instructional Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 143-148
    • Casteel, C.A.1
  • 23
    • 84990328517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships among racial identity, perceived ethnic fit, and organizational involvement for African American students at a predominantly White university
    • Chavous T. M., (2000). The relationships among racial identity, perceived ethnic fit, and organizational involvement for African American students at a predominantly White university Journal of Black Psychology 26 79-100
    • (2000) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 79-100
    • Chavous, T.M.1
  • 25
    • 1842725434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American students' perceptions toward faculty at historically Black colleges
    • Chism M., & Satcher J., (1998). African American students' perceptions toward faculty at historically Black colleges College Student Journal 32 315-320
    • (1998) College Student Journal , vol.32 , pp. 315-320
    • Chism, M.1    Satcher, J.2
  • 26
    • 0039043837 scopus 로고
    • (3rd ed.) Wesleyan University Press Middletown, CT
    • K. B. Clark 1988 Prejudice and your child (3rd ed.) Wesleyan University Press Middletown, CT
    • (1988) Prejudice and Your Child
    • Clark, K.B.1
  • 27
    • 0002442479 scopus 로고
    • Racial identification and preference in Negro children
    • T. N. Newcomb & L. E. Hartley (Eds.) Holt NY
    • K. B. Clark & M. P. Clark 1947 Racial identification and preference in Negro children In: T. N. Newcomb & L. E. Hartley (Eds.) Readings in social psychology Holt NY 169-178
    • (1947) Readings in Social Psychology , pp. 169-178
    • Clark, K.B.1    Clark, M.P.2
  • 28
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0033786426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biracial Japanese American Identity: An evolving process
    • 10.1037//1099-9809.6.2.115
    • Collins J. F., (2000). Biracial Japanese American Identity: An evolving process Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 6 115-133 10.1037//1099-9809.6.2.115
    • (2000) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 115-133
    • Collins, J.F.1
  • 33
    • 0000537417 scopus 로고
    • Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma
    • 10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.608
    • Crocker J., Major B., (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma Psychological Review 96 608-630 10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.608
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 608-630
    • Crocker, J.1    Major, B.2
  • 34
    • 0000786162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social stigma
    • D.T. Gilbert S.T. Fiske & G. Lindzey (Eds.) 4th edition McGraw-Hill Boston
    • J. Crocker B. Major & C. M. Steele 1998 Social stigma In: D. T. Gilbert S. T. Fiske & G. Lindzey (Eds.) The handbook of social psychology 4th edition McGraw-Hill Boston 554-594
    • (1998) The Handbook of Social Psychology , pp. 554-594
    • Crocker, J.1    Major, B.2    Steele, C.M.3
  • 35
    • 85047683184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingencies of self-worth
    • 10.1037//0033-295X.108.3.593
    • Crocker J., & Wolfe C. T., (2001). Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review 108 593-623 10.1037//0033-295X.108.3.593
    • (2001) Psychological Review , vol.108 , pp. 593-623
    • Crocker, J.1    Wolfe, C.T.2
  • 37
    • 0037653599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the historical origins of youth delinquency and violence: Myths and realities about Black culture
    • 10.1111/1540-4560.t01-1-00005
    • Cross W. E., Jr., (2003). Tracking the historical origins of youth delinquency and violence: Myths and realities about Black culture Journal of Social Issues 59 67-82 10.1111/1540-4560.t01-1-00005
    • (2003) Journal of Social Issues , vol.59 , pp. 67-82
    • Cross Jr., W.E.1
  • 38
    • 0000107402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The everyday functions of African American identity
    • J.K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.) Academic Press San Diego
    • W. E. Cross Jr. & L. Strauss 1998 The everyday functions of African American identity In: J. K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.) Prejudice: The target's perspective Academic Press San Diego 267-279
    • (1998) Prejudice: The Target's Perspective , pp. 267-279
    • Cross Jr., W.E.1    Strauss, L.2
  • 39
    • 0003398893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Other people's children: Cultural conflict in the classroom
    • New Press NY
    • L. Delpit 1996 Other people's children: cultural conflict in the classroom New Press NY
    • (1996)
    • Delpit, L.1
  • 40
    • 1842776711 scopus 로고
    • Effects of segregation and the consequences of desegregation: A social science statement
    • Reprinted in W. E. Martin, (Ed.). NY: Bedford, St. Martin's Press
    • Effects of segregation and the consequences of desegregation: A social science statement. (1953/1998). Reprinted in W. E. Martin, (Ed.). Brown v. Board of Education: A brief history with documents (pp. 142-151). NY: Bedford, St. Martin's Press
    • (1953) Brown V. Board of Education: A Brief History With Documents , pp. 142-151
  • 43
    • 0035161136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immigration dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic prejudice, and national identity
    • 10.1111/0022-4537.00220
    • Esses V. M., Dovidio J. F., & Jackson L. M., (2001). The immigration dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic prejudice, and national identity Journal of Social Issues 57 389-412 10.1111/ 0022-4537.00220
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 389-412
    • Esses, V.M.1    Dovidio, J.F.2    Jackson, L.M.3
  • 44
    • 0001327190 scopus 로고
    • Hispanics in ivy: Assessing identity and perceived threat
    • 10.1007/BF00288162
    • Ethier K., & Deaux K., (1990). Hispanics in ivy: Assessing identity and perceived threat Sex Roles 22 427-440 10.1007/BF00288162
    • (1990) Sex Roles , vol.22 , pp. 427-440
    • Ethier, K.1    Deaux, K.2
  • 45
    • 21844497679 scopus 로고
    • Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.243
    • Ethier K., & Deaux K., (1994). Negotiating social identity when contexts change: Maintaining identification and responding to threat Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 243-251 10.1037/ 0022-3514.67.2.243
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 243-251
    • Ethier, K.1    Deaux, K.2
  • 47
    • 0002560614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraisals of prejudice and discrimination
    • J.K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.) Academic Press San Diego
    • L. Feldman Barrett & J. K. Swim 1998 Appraisals of prejudice and discrimination In: J. K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.) Prejudice: The target's perspective Academic Press San Diego 11-36
    • (1998) Prejudice: The Target's Perspective , pp. 11-36
    • Feldman Barrett, L.1    Swim, J.K.2
  • 48
    • 0037341892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sense of relatedness as a factor in children's academic engagement and performance
    • 10.1037//0022-0663.95.1.148
    • Furrer C., & Skinner E., (2003). Sense of relatedness as a factor in children's academic engagement and performance Journal of Educational Psychology 95 148-162 10.1037//0022-0663.95.1.148
    • (2003) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.95 , pp. 148-162
    • Furrer, C.1    Skinner, E.2
  • 49
    • 1842809952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Color line as fault line: Teaching interethnic relations in Southern California in the 21st century
    • 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00105.x
    • Gaines S. O., (2004). Color line as fault line: Teaching interethnic relations in Southern California in the 21st century Journal of Social Issues 60 175-193 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00105.x
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , pp. 175-193
    • Gaines, S.O.1
  • 51
    • 0010274522 scopus 로고
    • School desegregation: The social science role
    • P.A. Katz & D.A. Taylor (Eds.) Plenum Press NY
    • H. B. Gerard 1988 School desegregation: The social science role In: P. A. Katz & D. A. Taylor (Eds.) Eliminating racism: Profiles in controversy Plenum Press NY 225-236
    • (1988) Eliminating Racism: Profiles in Controversy , pp. 225-236
    • Gerard, H.B.1
  • 52
    • 0034837075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences on self-beliefs, social support, and comfort it the university on the academic nonpersistence decisions of American Indian undergraduates
    • 11244907
    • Gloria A. M., Robinson & Kurpius S. E., (2001). Influences on self-beliefs, social support, and comfort it the university on the academic nonpersistence decisions of American Indian undergraduates Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 7 88-102 11244907
    • (2001) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 88-102
    • Gloria, A.M.1    Robinson Kurpius, S.E.2
  • 53
    • 0003822780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts for new challenges: Professional development for teachers of immigrant youth
    • Center for Applied Linguistics Washington, DC
    • J. M. Gonzalez & L. Darling-Hammond 1997 New concepts for new challenges: Professional development for teachers of immigrant youth Center for Applied Linguistics Washington, DC
    • (1997)
    • Gonzalez, J.M.1    Darling-Hammond, L.2
  • 54
    • 0344467232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving adolescents' standardized test performance: An intervention to reduce the effects of stereotype threat
    • 10.1016/j.appdev.2003.09.002
    • Good C., Aronson J., & Inzlicht M., (2003). Improving adolescents' standardized test performance: An intervention to reduce the effects of stereotype threat Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 24 645-662 10.1016/j.appdev.2003.09.002
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 645-662
    • Good, C.1    Aronson, J.2    Inzlicht, M.3
  • 55
    • 0007463318 scopus 로고
    • The effects of prejudice and stress on the academic performance of Black-Americans
    • U. Neisser (Ed.) Lawrence Erlbaum Press Hillsdale, NJ
    • R. A. Gougis 1986 The effects of prejudice and stress on the academic performance of Black-Americans In: U. Neisser (Ed.) The school achievement of minority children: New perspectives Lawrence Erlbaum Press Hillsdale, NJ 145-158
    • (1986) The School Achievement of Minority Children: New Perspectives , pp. 145-158
    • Gougis, R.A.1
  • 56
    • 0033628410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing racial comparisons of self-esteem: A quantitative review
    • 10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.26
    • Gray-Little B., & Hafdahl A. R. (2000). Factors influencing racial comparisons of self-esteem: A quantitative review Psychological Bulletin 126 26-54 10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.26
    • (2000) Psychological Bulletin , vol.126 , pp. 26-54
    • Gray-Little, B.1    Hafdahl, A.R.2
  • 57
    • 84920432832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The miner's canary: Enlisting race, resisting power, transforming democracy
    • Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
    • L. Guinier & G. Torres 2002 The miner's canary: Enlisting race, resisting power, transforming democracy Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
    • (2002)
    • Guinier, L.1    Torres, G.2
  • 58
    • 0036759050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and higher education: Theory and impact on educational outcomes
    • Gurin P., Dey E. L., Hurtado S., & Gurin G., (2002). Diversity and higher education: Theory and impact on educational outcomes Harvard Educational Review 72 330-366
    • (2002) Harvard Educational Review , vol.72 , pp. 330-366
    • Gurin, P.1    Dey, E.L.2    Hurtado, S.3    Gurin, G.4
  • 60
    • 1842709014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefits of diversity in education for democratic citizenship
    • 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00097.x
    • Gurin P., Nagda B. A., & Lopez G. E., (2004). The benefits of diversity in education for democratic citizenship Journal of Social Issues 60 17-34 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00097.x
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , pp. 17-34
    • Gurin, P.1    Nagda, B.A.2    Lopez, G.E.3
  • 61
    • 84928216388 scopus 로고
    • The effects of classroom racial composition on students' interracial friendliness
    • Hallinan M. T., & Smith S. S., (1984). The effects of classroom racial composition on students' interracial friendliness Social Psychology Quarterly 48 3-16
    • (1984) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.48 , pp. 3-16
    • Hallinan, M.T.1    Smith, S.S.2
  • 62
    • 84928849770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classroom characteristics and student friendship cliques
    • Hallinan M. T., & Smith S. S., (1999). Classroom characteristics and student friendship cliques Social Forces 67 898-919
    • (1999) Social Forces , vol.67 , pp. 898-919
    • Hallinan, M.T.1    Smith, S.S.2
  • 63
    • 84928460159 scopus 로고
    • Students' interracial friendships: Individual characteristics, structural effects, and racial differences
    • 10.1086/444326
    • Hallinan, M. T., & Teixeira, R. A. (1987). Students' interracial friendships: Individual characteristics, structural effects, and racial differences. American Journal of Education, 95, 563-583. 10.1086/444326
    • (1987) American Journal of Education , vol.95 , pp. 563-583
    • Hallinan, M.T.1    Teixeira, R.A.2
  • 66
    • 0012663247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powerful pedagogy for African American students: Conceptions of culturally relevant pedagogy
    • Howard T. C., (2001). Powerful pedagogy for African American students: Conceptions of culturally relevant pedagogy Urban Education 36(2) 179-202
    • (2001) Urban Education , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-202
    • Howard, T.C.1
  • 67
    • 0141953063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culturally relevant pedagogy: Ingredients for critical teacher reflection
    • 10.1207/s15430421tip4203_5
    • Howard T. C., (2003). Culturally relevant pedagogy: Ingredients for critical teacher reflection Theory into Practice 42 195-202 10.1207/ s15430421tip4203_5
    • (2003) Theory Into Practice , vol.42 , pp. 195-202
    • Howard, T.C.1
  • 68
    • 1842827133 scopus 로고
    • Court order can't make races mix
    • [Letter to the editor] Martin (Ed.) Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's Press. (Reprinted from Orlando Sentinel, The Public Thought)
    • Hurston, Z. N. (1955). Court order can't make races mix [Letter to the editor]. In Martin (Ed.) Brown v. Board of Education: A brief history with documents. (pp. 209-212). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's Press. (Reprinted from Orlando Sentinel, The Public Thought)
    • (1955) Brown V. Board of Education: A Brief History With Documents , pp. 209-212
    • Hurston, Z.N.1
  • 69
    • 0034279620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problems-solving deficits in the presence of males
    • 10.1111/1467-9280.00272
    • Inzlicht M., & Ben-Zeev T., (2000). A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problems-solving deficits in the presence of males Psychological Science 11 365-368 10.1111/1467-9280.00272
    • (2000) Psychological Science , vol.11 , pp. 365-368
    • Inzlicht, M.1    Ben-Zeev, T.2
  • 70
    • 0034242631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The triumph of the segregationists? A historiographical inquiry into psychology and the litigation
    • 10.1037/1093-4510.3.3.239
    • Jackson J. P., Jr., (2000). The triumph of the segregationists? A historiographical inquiry into psychology and the litigation History of Psychology 3 239-261 10.1037/1093-4510.3.3.239
    • (2000) History of Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 239-261
    • Jackson Jr., J.P.1
  • 71
    • 0033790358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of ethnic identity on drug use among ethnic minority adolescents
    • 10.2190/CM46-UG9E-YHPW-AW6L
    • James W. H., Kim G. K., & Armijo E., (2000). The influence of ethnic identity on drug use among ethnic minority adolescents Journal of Drug Education 30 265-280 10.2190/CM46-UG9E-YHPW-AW6L
    • (2000) Journal of Drug Education , vol.30 , pp. 265-280
    • James, W.H.1    Kim, G.K.2    Armijo, E.3
  • 72
    • 0033268670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of racial ethnic identity and social setting or Blacks, Whites, and multiracials
    • Jaret C., & Reitzes D. C., (1999). The importance of racial ethnic identity and social setting or Blacks, Whites, and multiracials Sociological Perspectives 42 711-737
    • (1999) Sociological Perspectives , vol.42 , pp. 711-737
    • Jaret, C.1    Reitzes, D.C.2
  • 74
    • 0037713006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status, testosterone, and human intellectual performance: Stereotype threat as status concern
    • 10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01435
    • Josephs R. A., Newman M. L., Brown R. P., & Beer J. M., (2003). Status, testosterone, and human intellectual performance: Stereotype threat as status concern Psychological Science 14 158-163 10.1111/ 1467-9280.t01-1-01435
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , pp. 158-163
    • Josephs, R.A.1    Newman, M.L.2    Brown, R.P.3    Beer, J.M.4
  • 75
    • 4544367135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teachers: White, female, and middle-aged
    • Keller B., & Manzo K. K., (2003). Teachers: White, female, and middle-aged Education Week 23(2) 10
    • (2003) Education Week , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 10
    • Keller, B.1    Manzo, K.K.2
  • 76
    • 27644508484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefits of ethnic identity: A meta-analysis
    • (May). Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Psychological Society, Los Angeles, CA
    • Kim-Jo, T. T., Benet-Martinez, V. & Sevilla, E. (2005, May). The benefits of ethnic identity: A meta-analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Psychological Society, Los Angeles, CA
    • (2005)
    • Kim-Jo, T.T.1    Benet-Martinez, V.2    Sevilla, E.3
  • 77
    • 0003925739 scopus 로고
    • Simple justice: The history of Brown v. Board of Education, the epochal Supreme Court Decision that Outlawed Segregation, and of Black America's century long struggle for equality under law
    • Random House NY
    • R. Kluger 1977 Simple justice: The history of Brown v. Board of Education, the epochal Supreme Court decision that outlawed segregation, and of black America's century long struggle for equality under law Random House NY
    • (1977)
    • Kluger, R.1
  • 79
    • 0031232385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teachers in transition: The impact of antiracist professional development on classroom practice
    • Lawrence S. M., & Tatum B. D., (1997a). Teachers in transition: The impact of antiracist professional development on classroom practice Teachers College Record 99 162-178
    • (1997) Teachers College Record , vol.99 , pp. 162-178
    • Lawrence, S.M.1    Tatum, B.D.2
  • 80
    • 0002871521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White educators as allies: Moving from awareness to action
    • M. L. Fine & L. M. Weiss (Eds.) Powell Wong Routledge New York
    • S. M. Lawrence & B. D. Tatum 1997b White educators as allies: Moving from awareness to action In: M. L. Fine &L L. M. Weiss (Eds.) Powell Wong Off White: readings on race, power, and society Routledge New York 333-342
    • (1997) Off White: Readings on Race, Power, and Society , pp. 333-342
    • Lawrence, S.M.1    Tatum, B.D.2
  • 81
    • 27644511029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Brunswick Rutgers University Press NJ
    • A. Lewis 2003 Race in the schoolyard. New Brunswick Rutgers University Press NJ
    • (2003) Race in the Schoolyard
    • Lewis, A.1
  • 82
    • 0036244965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the Seattle Social Development Project on sexual behavior, pregnancy, birth, and sexually transmitted disease outcomes by age 21
    • Lonczak H. S., Abbott R. D., Hawkins J. D., Kosterman R., & Catalano R. F., (2002). Effects of the Seattle Social Development Project on sexual behavior, pregnancy, birth, and sexually transmitted disease outcomes by age 21 Archives of Pediatric Medicine 156 438-447
    • (2002) Archives of Pediatric Medicine , vol.156 , pp. 438-447
    • Lonczak, H.S.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Hawkins, J.D.3    Kosterman, R.4    Catalano, R.F.5
  • 84
    • 1842759635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interethnic contact, curriculum, and attitudes in the first year of college
    • 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00100.x
    • Lopez G. E., (2004). Interethnic contact, curriculum, and attitudes in the first year of college Journal of Social Issues 60 75-94 10.1111/ j.0022-4537.2004.00100.x
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , pp. 75-94
    • Lopez, G.E.1
  • 87
    • 0036545346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting student attachment to school: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
    • 12029810
    • McNeely C. A., Nonnemaker J. M., & Blum R. W., (2002). Promoting student attachment to school: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Journal of School Health 72 138-146 12029810
    • (2002) Journal of School Health , vol.72 , pp. 138-146
    • McNeely, C.A.1    Nonnemaker, J.M.2    Blum, R.W.3
  • 88
    • 85047671139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to status-based rejection: Implications for African American students' college experience
    • 10.1037//0022-3514.83.4.896
    • Mendoza-Denton R., Downey G., Purdie V. J., Davis A., & Pietrzak J., (2002). Sensitivity to status-based rejection: Implications for African American students' college experience Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 896-918 10.1037//0022-3514.83.4.896
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 896-918
    • Mendoza-Denton, R.1    Downey, G.2    Purdie, V.J.3    Davis, A.4    Pietrzak, J.5
  • 89
    • 0001316462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with stigma and prejudice
    • T.F. Heatherton R.E. Kleck M.R. Hebl & J.G. Hull (Eds.) Guilford Press NY
    • C. T. Miller & B. Major 2000 Coping with stigma and prejudice In: T. F. Heatherton R. E. Kleck M. R. Hebl & J. G. Hull (Eds.) The social psychology of stigma Guilford Press NY 243-272
    • (2000) The Social Psychology of Stigma , pp. 243-272
    • Miller, C.T.1    Major, B.2
  • 90
    • 0034259755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's relationship with teachers and bonds with school. An investigation of the patterns and correlates in middle childhood
    • 10.1016/S0022-4405(00)00034-0
    • Murray C., & Greenberg M. T., (2000). Children's relationship with teachers and bonds with school. An investigation of the patterns and correlates in middle childhood Journal of School Psychology 38 423-445 10.1016/S0022-4405(00)00034-0
    • (2000) Journal of School Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 423-445
    • Murray, C.1    Greenberg, M.T.2
  • 91
    • 0035070909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining racial identity statuses as predictors of psychological defenses among African American college students
    • 10.1037//0022-0167.48.1.10
    • Nghe L. T., & Malalik J. R., (2001). Examining racial identity statuses as predictors of psychological defenses among African American college students Journal of Counseling Psychology 48 10-16 10.1037// 0022-0167.48.1.10
    • (2001) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 10-16
    • Nghe, L.T.1    Malalik, J.R.2
  • 92
    • 27644457508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequities in higher education: Issues and promising practice in a world ambivalent about affirmative action
    • (in press) [Special Issue]
    • Niemann, Y. F., & Maruyama, G. (in press). Inequities in higher education: Issues and promising practice in a world ambivalent about affirmative action. [Special Issue]. Journal of Social Issues
    • Journal of Social Issues
    • Niemann, Y.F.1    Maruyama, G.2
  • 93
    • 84937312439 scopus 로고
    • Racial stratification in the United States: Why inequality persists
    • Ogbu J. U., (1994). Racial stratification in the United States: Why inequality persists Teachers College Record 96 264-298
    • (1994) Teachers College Record , vol.96 , pp. 264-298
    • Ogbu, J.U.1
  • 94
    • 84909081827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black American students in an affluent suburb: A study of academic disengagement
    • Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahway, NJ
    • J. U. Ogbu 2003 Black American students in an affluent suburb: A study of academic disengagement Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mahway, NJ
    • (2003)
    • Ogbu, J.U.1
  • 95
    • 0035531160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic identity moderates perceptions of prejudice: Judgments of personal versus group discrimination and subtle versus blatant bias
    • Operario D., & Fiske S. T., (2001). Ethnic identity moderates perceptions of prejudice: Judgments of personal versus group discrimination and subtle versus blatant bias Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27 550-561
    • (2001) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.27 , pp. 550-561
    • Operario, D.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 99
    • 0032376574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup contact theory
    • 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65
    • Pettigrew T. P., (1998). Intergroup contact theory Annual Review of Psychology 49 65-85 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65
    • (1998) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 65-85
    • Pettigrew, T.P.1
  • 101
    • 0025516399 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults
    • 10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499
    • Phinney J. S., (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults Psychological Bulletin 108 499-514 10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 499-514
    • Phinney, J.S.1
  • 102
    • 0002552573 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic identity and self-esteem: A review and integration
    • A.M. Padilla (Ed.) Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA
    • J. S. Phinney 1995 Ethnic identity and self-esteem: A review and integration In: A. M. Padilla (Ed.) Hispanic psychology: Critical issues in theory and research Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA 57-70
    • (1995) Hispanic Psychology: Critical Issues in Theory and Research , pp. 57-70
    • Phinney, J.S.1
  • 103
    • 0030273940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding ethnic diversity: The role of ethnic identity
    • Phinney J. S., (1996). Understanding ethnic diversity: The role of ethnic identity American Behavioral Scientist 40 143-152
    • (1996) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.40 , pp. 143-152
    • Phinney, J.S.1
  • 104
    • 0031475908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and American identity as predictors of self-esteem among African American, Latino, and White adolescents
    • 10.1023/A:1024500514834
    • Phinney J. S., Cantu C. L., Kurz D. A., (1997). Ethnic and American identity as predictors of self-esteem among African American, Latino, and White adolescents Journal of Youth and Adolescence 26 165-185 10.1023/A:1024500514834
    • (1997) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.26 , pp. 165-185
    • Phinney, J.S.1    Cantu, C.L.2    Kurz, D.A.3
  • 105
    • 0026806458 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic identity and self-esteem: An exploratory longitudinal study
    • 10.1016/0140-1971(92)90030-9
    • Phinney J. S., Chavira V., (1992). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: An exploratory longitudinal study Journal of Adolescence 15 271-281 10.1016/ 0140-1971(92)90030-9
    • (1992) Journal of Adolescence , vol.15 , pp. 271-281
    • Phinney, J.S.1    Chavira, V.2
  • 106
    • 84965513058 scopus 로고
    • Acculturation attitudes and self-esteem among high school and college students
    • Phinney J. S., Chavira V., Williamson L., (1992). Acculturation attitudes and self-esteem among high school and college students Youth and Society 23 299-312
    • (1992) Youth and Society , vol.23 , pp. 299-312
    • Phinney, J.S.1    Chavira, V.2    Williamson, L.3
  • 107
    • 0035168204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An interactional perspective
    • 10.1111/0022-4537.00225
    • Phinney J. S., Horenczyk G., Lielkind K., & Vedder P., (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An interactional perspective Journal of Social Issues 57 493-510 10.1111/0022-4537.00225
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 493-510
    • Phinney, J.S.1    Horenczyk, G.2    Lielkind, K.3    Vedder, P.4
  • 108
    • 0032611303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma consciousness: The psychological legacy of social stereotypes
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.114
    • Pinel E. C., (1999). Stigma consciousness: The psychological legacy of social stereotypes Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 114-128 10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.114
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 114-128
    • Pinel, E.C.1
  • 109
    • 0034999641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interference of stereotype threat with women's generation of mathematical problem-solving strategies
    • Quinn, D. M., & Spencer, S. J. (2001). The interference of stereotype threat with women's generation of mathematical problem-solving strategies. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 555-571
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 555-571
    • Quinn, D.M.1    Spencer, S.J.2
  • 112
    • 0025521645 scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' reference-group choices, self-esteem, and adjustment
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.1075
    • Rotheram-Borus M. J., (1990). Adolescents' reference-group choices, self-esteem, and adjustment Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 1075-1081 10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.1075
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 1075-1081
    • Rotheram-Borus, M.J.1
  • 113
    • 0032014695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between racial identity and self-esteem in African American college and high school students
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.715
    • Rowley S. J., Sellers R. M., Chavous T. M., & Smith M. A., (1998). The relationship between racial identity and self-esteem in African American college and high school students Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 715-724 10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.715
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 715-724
    • Rowley, S.J.1    Sellers, R.M.2    Chavous, T.M.3    Smith, M.A.4
  • 114
    • 0035614212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher's perceptions of their relationships with students: Effects of child age, gender, and ethnicity of teachers and children
    • 10.1521/scpq.16.2.125.18698
    • Saft E. W., & Pianta R. C., (2001). Teacher's perceptions of their relationships with students: Effects of child age, gender, and ethnicity of teachers and children School Psychology Quarterly 16 125-141 10.1521/ scpq.16.2.125.18698
    • (2001) School Psychology Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 125-141
    • Saft, E.W.1    Pianta, R.C.2
  • 116
    • 0035019785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with ethnic stereotypes in the academic domain: Perceived injustice and psychological disengagement
    • 10.1111/0022-4537.00203
    • Schmader T., Major B., & Gramzow R. H., (2001). Coping with ethnic stereotypes in the academic domain: Perceived injustice and psychological disengagement Journal of Social Issues 57 93-111 10.1111/ 0022-4537.00203
    • (2001) Journal of Social Issues , vol.57 , pp. 93-111
    • Schmader, T.1    Major, B.2    Gramzow, R.H.3
  • 118
    • 84970258541 scopus 로고
    • A call to arms for researchers studying racial identity
    • Sellers R. M., (1993). A call to arms for researchers studying racial identity Journal of Black Psychology 19 327-332
    • (1993) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 327-332
    • Sellers, R.M.1
  • 119
    • 0007273685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial ideology and racial centrality as predictors of African American college students' academic performance
    • Sellers R. M., Chavous T. M., & Cooke D. Y., (1998). Racial ideology and racial centrality as predictors of African American college students' academic performance Journal of Black Psychology 24 8-27
    • (1998) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 8-27
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Chavous, T.M.2    Cooke, D.Y.3
  • 120
    • 0642334584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African-American young adults
    • 14582310
    • Sellers R. M., Caldwell C. H., Schmeelk-Cone K. H., & Zimmerman M. A. (2003).Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African-American young adults Journal of Health and Social Behavior 44 302-316 14582310
    • (2003) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.44 , pp. 302-316
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Caldwell, C.H.2    Schmeelk-Cone, K.H.3    Zimmerman, M.A.4
  • 121
    • 0031515523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional inventory of Black identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.805
    • Sellers R. M., Rowley S. A. J., Chavous T. M., Shelton J. N., & Smith M. A., (1997). Multidimensional inventory of Black identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73 805-815 10.1037/ 0022-3514.73.4.805
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 805-815
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Rowley, S.A.J.2    Chavous, T.M.3    Shelton, J.N.4    Smith, M.A.5
  • 122
    • 0141642018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1079
    • Sellers R. M., & Shelton J. N. (2003) The role of racial identity in perceived racial discriminationJournal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 1079-1092 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1079
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 1079-1092
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Shelton, J.N.2
  • 123
    • 0001949024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating culturally responsive classrooms
    • American Psychological Association Washington, DC
    • B. J. Shade C. Kelly & M. Oberg 1997 Creating culturally responsive classrooms American Psychological Association Washington, DC
    • (1997)
    • Shade, B.J.1    Kelly, C.2    Oberg, M.3
  • 124
    • 0007129111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype susceptibility: Identity salience and shifts in quantitative performance
    • 10.1111/1467-9280.00111
    • Shih M., Pittinsky T. L., & Ambady N., (1999). Stereotype susceptibility: Identity salience and shifts in quantitative performance Psychological Science 10 80-83 10.1111/1467-9280.00111
    • (1999) Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 80-83
    • Shih, M.1    Pittinsky, T.L.2    Ambady, N.3
  • 125
    • 0031493149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-stereotypes: Blacks' perceptions of Whites' stereotypes of Blacks
    • 10.1086/297788
    • Sigelman L., & Tuch S. A., (1997). Meta-stereotypes: Blacks' perceptions of Whites' stereotypes of Blacks Public Opinion Quarterly 61 87-101 10.1086/297788
    • (1997) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.61 , pp. 87-101
    • Sigelman, L.1    Tuch, S.A.2
  • 126
    • 0035580475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identity and school adjustment: Revisiting the "acting White" hypothesis
    • 10.1207/S15326985EP3601_3
    • Spencer M. B., Noll E., Stoltzfus J., & Harpalani V., (2001). Identity and school adjustment: Revisiting the "acting White" hypothesis Educational Psychologist 36 21-30 10.1207 /S15326985EP3601_3
    • (2001) Educational Psychologist , vol.36 , pp. 21-30
    • Spencer, M.B.1    Noll, E.2    Stoltzfus, J.3    Harpalani, V.4
  • 128
    • 0031155092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
    • 10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613
    • Steele C. M., (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance American Psychologist 52 613-619 10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613
    • (1997) American Psychologist , vol.52 , pp. 613-619
    • Steele, C.M.1
  • 129
    • 0029411777 scopus 로고
    • Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797
    • Steele C. M., & Aronson J., (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 797-811 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 797-811
    • Steele, C.M.1    Aronson, J.2
  • 130
    • 35448985860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contending with images of one's group: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat
    • M.P. Zanna (Ed.) 34nd Edition Academic Press San Diego
    • C. M. Steele S. J. Spencer & J. Aronson 2002 Contending with images of one's group: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat In: M. P. Zanna (Ed.) Advances in experimental social psychology 34th Edition Academic Press San Diego 379-440
    • (2002) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 379-440
    • Steele, C.M.1    Spencer, S.J.2    Aronson, J.3
  • 132
    • 0003713564 scopus 로고
    • Black families in a Greenwood Press White community. NY
    • B. D. Tatum 1992a Assimilation blues Black families in a Greenwood Press White community. NY
    • (1992) Assimilation Blues
    • Tatum, B.D.1
  • 133
    • 0002342195 scopus 로고
    • Talking about race: Learning about racism: The application of racial identity development theory in the classroom
    • Tatum B. D., (1992b). Talking about race: Learning about racism: The application of racial identity development theory in the classroom Harvard Educational Review 62 1-24
    • (1992) Harvard Educational Review , vol.62 , pp. 1-24
    • Tatum, B.D.1
  • 134
    • 27644574982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?"
    • And other conversations about race NY: Basic Books
    • Tatum, B. D. (1997/2003). "Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?" And other conversations about race. NY: Basic Books
    • (1997)
    • Tatum, B.D.1
  • 135
    • 1842759622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family life and school experience: Factors in racial identity development of Black youth in White communities
    • 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00102.x
    • Tatum B. D., (2004). Family life and school experience: Factors in racial identity development of Black youth in White communities Journal of Social Issues 60 117-135 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00102.x
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , pp. 117-135
    • Tatum, B.D.1
  • 136
    • 0039698118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and self-esteem: Meta-analysis comparing Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians and comment on Gray-Little and Hafdahl
    • 10.1037//0033-2909.128.3.371
    • Twenge J. M., & Crocker J., (2000). Race and self-esteem: Meta-analysis comparing Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians and comment on Gray-Little and Hafdahl Psychological Bulletin 128 371-408 10.1037//0033-2909.128.3.371
    • (2000) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 371-408
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Crocker, J.2
  • 137
    • 1842675209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student perceptions of teacher ethnic bias: A comparison of Mexican-American and non-Latino White dropouts and students
    • Wayman J. C., (2002). Student perceptions of teacher ethnic bias: A comparison of Mexican-American and non-Latino White dropouts and students The High School Journal 85 27-37
    • (2002) The High School Journal , vol.85 , pp. 27-37
    • Wayman, J.C.1
  • 138
    • 85068429427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown v. Board of Education at 50
    • (Eds.) [Special Issue]
    • Wells, A. S., & Miller, L. P. (Eds.) (2005). Brown v. Board of Education at 50. [Special Issue]. Teachers College Record, 107 (3)
    • (2005) Teachers College Record , vol.107 , Issue.3
    • Wells, A.S.1    Miller, L.P.2
  • 139
    • 0036002696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a place for me? Role models and academic identity among White students and students of color
    • 10.1111/1467-9620.00166
    • Zirkel S. (2002). Is there a place for me? Role models and academic identity among White students and students of color Teachers College Record 104 357-376 10.1111/1467-9620.00166
    • (2002) Teachers College Record , vol.104 , pp. 357-376
    • Zirkel, S.1
  • 140
    • 27644495353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher-student interactions in a newly integrated school
    • Paper to be presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Pscyhological Association, Honolulu, Hawaii
    • Zirkel, S. (2004a). Teacher-student interactions in a newly integrated school. Paper to be presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Pscyhological Association, Honolulu, Hawaii
    • (2004)
    • Zirkel, S.1
  • 141
    • 1842759641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What will you think of me? Social integration and educational achievement among White students and students of color in elementary and junior high school
    • 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00099.x
    • Zirkel S., (2004b). What will you think of me? Social integration and educational achievement among White students and students of color in elementary and junior high school Journal of Social Issues 60 57-74 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00099.x
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , pp. 57-74
    • Zirkel, S.1
  • 142
    • 27644449830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 50 Years After Brown v. Board of Education: Creating more effective multiethinic schools
    • Manuscript submitted for publication
    • Zirkel, S. (2005a). 50 years after Brown v. Board of Education: Creating more effective multiethinic schools. Manuscript submitted for publication
    • (2005)
    • Zirkel, S.1
  • 143
    • 27644561516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social climate and the development of academic identity among students of color: A longitudinal study of the influence of peers, teachers, and community
    • (February). Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Winter Roundtable on Cultural Psychology and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City
    • Zirkel, S. (2005b, February). Social climate and the development of academic identity among students of color: A longitudinal study of the influence of peers, teachers, and community. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Winter Roundtable on Cultural Psychology and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City
    • (2005)
    • Zirkel, S.1
  • 144
    • 1842709037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 50th years after Brown v. Board of Education: The promise and challenge of multicultural education
    • 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00096.x
    • Zirkel S., & Cantor N., (2004). 50th years after Brown v. Board of Education: The promise and challenge of multicultural education Journal of Social Issues 60 1-15 10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00096.x
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , pp. 1-15
    • Zirkel, S.1    Cantor, N.2
  • 145
    • 27644502888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education: Interethnic Contact and Change in Education in the 21st Century
    • (Eds.) [Special Issue]
    • Zirkel, S., Lopez, G. E., & Brown, L. M. (Eds.) (2004). The 50th Anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education: Interethnic Contact and Change in Education in the 21st Century. [Special Issue] Journal of Social Issues, 60 (1)
    • (2004) Journal of Social Issues , vol.60 , Issue.1
    • Zirkel, S.1    Lopez, G.E.2    Brown, L.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.