Resetting mechanism of central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals

Zoological Science

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 359-368

  Hirota, Tsuyoshi ^a   Fukada, Yoshitaka ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Circadian clock; Light; Oscillation; Phase resetting; Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ASSOCIATION; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EATING; ENVIRONMENT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; LIGHT; MAMMAL; PHOTORECEPTOR; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CUES; EATING; ENVIRONMENT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; LIGHT; MAMMALS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHOTORECEPTORS; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS;

ANIMALIA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 2642581051     PISSN: 02890003     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2108/zsj.21.359     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Aida R, Moriya T, Araki M, Akiyama M, Wada K, Wada E, Shibata S (2002) Gastrin-releasing peptide mediates photic entrainable signals to dorsal subsets of suprachiasmatic nucleus via induction of Period gene in mice. Mol Pharmacol 61: 26-34
2. Akashi M, Tsuchiya Y, Yoshino T, Nishida E (2002) Control of intracellular dynamics of mammalian period proteins by casein kinase I ε (CKIε) and CKIδ in cultured cells. Mol Cell Biol 22: 1693-1703
3. Akhtar RA, Reddy AB, Maywood ES, Clayton JD, King VM, Smith AG, Gant TW, Hastings MH, Kyriacou CP (2002) Circadian cycling of the mouse liver transcriptome, as revealed by cDNA microarray, is driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Curr Biol 12: 540-550
4. Akiyama M, Kouzu Y, Takahashi S, Wakamatsu H, Moriya T, Maetani M, Watanabe S, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Shibata S (1999) Inhibition of light- or glutamate-induced mPer1 expression represses the phase shifts into the mouse circadian locomotor and suprachiasmatic firing rhythms. J Neurosci 19: 1115-1121
5. Albrecht U, Sun ZS, Eichele G, Lee CC (1997) A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian regulators, mper1 and mper2, to light. Cell 91: 1055-1064
6. Albrecht U, Zheng B, Larkin D, Sun ZS, Lee CC (2001) mPer1 and mPer2 are essential for normal resetting of the circadian clock. J Biol Rhythms 16: 100-104
7. Allen G, Rappe J, Earnest DJ, Cassone VM (2001) Oscillating on borrowed time: diffusible signals from immortalized suprachiasmatic nucleus cells regulate circadian rhythmicity in cultured fibroblasts. J Neurosci 21: 7937-7943
8. Balsalobre A, Damiola F, Schibler U (1998) A serum shock induces circadian gene expression in mammalian tissue culture cells. Cell 93: 929-937
9. Balsalobre A, Brown SA, Marcacci L, Tronche F, Kellendonk C, Reichardt HM, Schütz G, Schibler U (2000a) Resetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling. Science 289: 2344-2347
10. Balsalobre A, Marcacci L, Schibler U (2000b) Multiple signaling pathways elicit circadian gene expression in cultured Rat-1 fibroblasts. Curr Biol 10: 1291-1294
11. Barnes JW, Tischkau SA, Barnes JA, Mitchell JW, Burgoon PW, Hickok JR, Gillette MU (2003) Requirement of mammalian Timeless for circadian rhythmicity. Science 302: 439-442
12. Berson DM, Dunn FA, Takao M (2002) Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock. Science 295: 1070-1073
13. Berson DM (2003) Strange vision: ganglion cells as circadian photoreceptors. Trends Neurosci 26: 314-320
14. Brown SA, Zumbrunn G, Fleury-Olela F, Preitner N, Schibler U (2002) Rhythms of mammalian body temperature can sustain peripheral circadian clocks. Curr Biol 12: 1574-1583
15. Butcher GQ, Dziema H, Collamore M, Burgoon PW, Obrietan K (2002) The p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway couples photic input to circadian clock entrainment. J Biol Chem 277: 29519-29525
16. Cheng MY, Bullock CM, Li C, Lee AG, Bermak JC, Belluzzi J, Weaver DR, Leslie FM, Zhou QY (2002) Prokineticin 2 transmits the behavioural circadian rhythm of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nature 417: 405-410
17. Coogan AN, Piggins HD (2003) Circadian and photic regulation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Elk-1 in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the Syrian hamster. J Neurosci 23: 3085-3093
18. Crosio C, Cermakian N, Allis CD, Sassone-Corsi P (2000) Light induces chromatin modification in cells of the mammalian circadian clock. Nat Neurosci 3: 1241-1247
19. Damiola F, Le Minh N, Preitner N, Kornmann B, Fleury-Olela F, Schibler U (2000) Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev 14: 2950-2961
20. Davidson AJ, Stokkan KA, Yamazaki S, Menaker M (2002) Food-anticipatory activity and liver per1-luc activity in diabetic transgenic rats. Physiol Behav 76: 21-26
21. Ding JM, Buchanan GF, Tischkau SA, Chen D, Kuriashkina L, Faiman LE, Alster JM, McPherson PS, Campbell KP, Gillette MU (1998) A neuronal ryanodine receptor mediates light-induced phase delays of the circadian clock. Nature 394: 381-384
22. Dudley CA, Erbel-Sieler C, Estill SJ, Reick M, Franken P, Pitts S, McKnight SL (2003) Altered patterns of sleep and behavioral adaptability in NPAS2-deficient mice. Science 301: 379-383
23. Duffield GE, Best JD, Meurers BH, Bittner A, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC (2002) Circadian programs of transcriptional activation, signaling, and protein turnover revealed by microarray analysis of mammalian cells. Curr Biol 12: 551-557
24. Dunlap JC (1999) Molecular bases for circadian clocks. Cell 96: 271-290
25. Dziema H, Oatis B, Butcher GQ, Yates R, Hoyt KR, Obrietan K (2003) The ERK/MAP kinase pathway couples light to immediate-early gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 17: 1617-1627
26. Eide EJ, Vielhaber EL, Hinz WA, Virshup DM (2002) The circadian regulatory proteins BMAL1 and cryptochromes are substrates of casein kinase Iε. J Biol Chem 277: 17248-17254
27. Etchegaray JP, Lee C, Wade PA, Reppert SM (2003) Rhythmic histone acetylation underlies transcription in the mammalian circadian clock. Nature 421: 177-182
28. Foster RG, Hankins MW (2002) Non-rod, non-cone photoreception in the vertebrates. Prog Retin Eye Res 21: 507-527
29. Fu L, Pelicano H, Liu J, Huang P, Lee CC (2002) The circadian gene Period2 plays an important role in tumor suppression and DNA damage response in vivo. Cell 111: 41-50
30. Gau D, Lemberger T, von Gall C, Kretz O, Le Minh N, Gass P, Schmid W, Schibler U, Korf HW, Schütz G (2002) Phosphorylation of CREB Ser142 regulates light-induced phase shifts of the circadian clock. Neuron 34: 245-253
31. Gillette MU, Mitchell JW (2002) Signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: selectively responsive and integrative. Cell Tissue Res 309: 99-107
32. Ginty DD, Kornhauser JM, Thompson MA, Bading H, Mayo KE, Takahashi JS, Greenberg ME (1993) Regulation of CREB phosphorylation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by light and a circadian clock. Science 260: 238-241
33. Gooley JJ, Lu J, Chou TC, Scammell TE, Saper CB (2001) Melanopsin in cells of origin of the retinohypothalamic tract. Nat Neurosci 4: 1165
34. Gréchez-Cassiau A, Panda S, Lacoche S, Teboul M, Azmi S, Laudet V, Hogenesch JB, Taneja R, Delaunay F (2004) The transcriptional repressor STRA13 regulates a subset of peripheral circadian outputs. J Biol Chem 279: 1141-1150
35. Grundschober C, Delaunay F, Pühlhofer A, Triqueneaux G, Laudet V, Bartfai T, Nef P (2001) Circadian regulation of diverse gene products revealed by mRNA expression profiling of synchronized fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 276: 46751-46758
36. Hamada T, LeSauter J, Venuti JM, Silver R (2001) Expression of Period genes: rhythmic and nonrhythmic compartments of the suprachiasmatic nucleus pacemaker. J Neurosci 21: 7742-7750
37. Hamada T, LeSauter J, Lokshin M, Romero MT, Yan L, Venuti JM, Silver R (2003) Calbindin influences response to photic input in suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurosci 23: 8820-8826
38. Hannibal J, Hindersson P, Knudsen SM, Georg B, Fahrenkrug J (2002) The photopigment melanopsin is exclusively present in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-containing retinal ganglion cells of the retinohypothalamic tract. J Neurosci 22: RC191
39. Hara R, Wan K, Wakamatsu H, Aida R, Moriya T, Akiyama M, Shibata S (2001) Restricted feeding entrains liver clock without participation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Cells 6: 269-278
40. 2 receptor is essential for circadian function in the mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei. Cell 109: 497-508
41. Hastings MH, Reddy AB, Maywood ES (2003) A clockwork web: circadian timing in brain and periphery, in health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 4: 649-661
42. Hattar S, Liao HW, Takao M, Berson DM, Yau KW (2002) Melanopsin- containing retinal ganglion cells: architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity. Science 295: 1065-1070
43. Hattar S, Lucas RJ, Mrosovsky N, Thompson S, Douglas RH, Hankins MW, Lem J, Biel M, Hofmann F, Foster RG, Yau KW (2003) Melanopsin and rod-cone photoreceptive systems account for all major accessory visual functions in mice. Nature 424: 76-81
44. Hayashi Y, Sanada K, Hirota T, Shimizu F, Fukada Y (2003) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates oscillation of chick pineal circadian clock. J Biol Chem 278: 25166-25171
45. Hirota T, Okano T, Kokame K, Shirotani-Ikejima H, Miyata T, Fukada Y (2002) Glucose down-regulates Per1 and Per2 mRNA levels and induces circadian gene expression in cultured rat-1 fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 277: 44244-44251
46. Honma S, Kawamoto T, Takagi Y, Fujimoto K, Sato F, Noshiro M, Kato Y, Honma K (2002) Dec1 and Dec2 are regulators of the mammalian molecular clock. Nature 419: 841-844
47. Humphries A, Klein D, Baler R, Carter DA (2002) cDNA array analysis of pineal gene expression reveals circadian rhythmicity of the dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein-encoding gene, Id-1. J Neuroendocrinol 14: 101-108
48. 2+ in single suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. Neuron 38: 253-263
49. Jin X, Shearman LP, Weaver DR, Zylka MJ, De Vries GJ, Reppert SM (1999) A molecular mechanism regulating rhythmic output from the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. Cell 96: 57-68
50. Jung H, Choe Y, Kim H, Park N, Son GH, Khang I, Kim K (2003) Involvement of CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer in serum-responsive mPer1 induction. Neuroreport 14: 15-19
51. Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Sato F, Maemura K, Takeda N, Nagai R, Iwata T, Fujimoto K, Furukawa M, Miyazaki K, Honma S, Honma K, Kato Y (2004) A novel autofeedback loop of Dec1 transcription involved in circadian rhythm regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 313: 117-124
52. Keesler GA, Camacho F, Guo Y, Virshup D, Mondadori C, Yao Z (2000) Phosphorylation and destabilization of human period I clock protein by human casein kinase Iε. Neuroreport 11: 951-955
53. King DP, Takahashi JS (2000) Molecular genetics of circadian rhythms in mammals. Annu Rev Neurosci 23: 713-742
54. Kita Y, Shiozawa M, Jin W, Majewski RR, Besharse JC, Greene AS, Jacob HJ (2002) Implications of circadian gene expression in kidney, liver and the effects of fasting on pharmacogenomic studies. Pharmacogenetics 12: 55-65
55. Klein DC, Coon SL, Roseboom PH, Weller JL, Bernard M, Gastel JA, Zatz M, Iuvone PM, Rodriguez IR, Bégay V, Falcón J, Cahill GM, Cassone VM, Baler R (1997) The melatonin rhythm-generating enzyme: molecular regulation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase in the pineal gland. Recent Prog Horm Res 52: 307-358
56. Kondratov RV, Chernov MV, Kondratova AA, Gorbacheva VY, Gudkov AV, Antoch MP (2003) BMAL1-dependent circadian oscillation of nuclear CLOCK: posttranslational events induced by dimerization of transcriptional activators of the mammalian clock system. Genes Dev 17: 1921-1932
57. Kramer A, Yang FC, Snodgrass P, Li X, Scammell TE, Davis FC, Weitz CJ (2001) Regulation of daily locomotor activity and sleep by hypothalamic EGF receptor signaling. Science 294: 2511-2515
58. Le Minh N, Damiola F, Tranche F, Schütz G, Schibler U (2001) Glucocorticoid hormones inhibit food-induced phase-shifting of peripheral circadian oscillators. EMBO J 20: 7128-7136
59. Lee C, Etchegaray JP, Cagampang FRA, Loudon ASI, Reppert SM (2001) Posttranslational mechanisms regulate the mammalian circadian clock. Cell 107: 855-867
60. Lee HS, Nelms JL, Nguyen M, Silver R, Lehman MN (2003) The eye is necessary for a circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nat Neurosci 6: 111-112
61. Lowrey PL, Shimomura K, Antoch MP, Yamazaki S, Zemenides PD, Ralph MR, Menaker M, Takahashi JS (2000) Positional syntenic cloning and functional characterization of the mammalian circadian mutation tau. Science 288: 483-491
62. Lucas RJ, Hattar S, Takao M, Berson DM, Foster RG, Yau KW (2003) Diminished pupillary light reflex at high irradiances in melanopsin-knockout mice. Science 299: 245-247
63. Maemura K, de la Monte SM, Chin MT, Layne MD, Hsieh CM, Yet SF, Perrella MA, Lee ME (2000) CLIF, a novel cycle-like factor, regulates the circadian oscillation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression. J Biol Chem 275: 36847-36851
64. Matsuo T, Yamaguchi S, Mitsui S, Emi A, Shimoda F, Okamura H (2003) Control mechanism of the circadian clock for timing of cell division in vivo. Science 302: 255-259
65. McNamara P, Seo SB, Rudic RD, Sehgal A, Chakravarti D, FitzGerald GA (2001) Regulation of CLOCK and MOP4 by nuclear hormone receptors in the vasculature: a humoral mechanism to reset a peripheral clock. Cell 105: 877-889
66. Mitsui S, Yamaguchi S, Matsuo T, Ishida Y, Okamura H (2001) Antagonistic role of E4BP4 and PAR proteins in the circadian oscillatory mechanism. Genes Dev 15: 995-1006
67. Miyazaki K, Mesaki M, Ishida N (2001) Nuclear entry mechanism of rat PER2 (rPER2): role of rPER2 in nuclear localization of CRY protein. Mol Cell Biol 21: 6651-6659
68. Moore RY, Speh JC, Leak RK (2002) Suprachiasmatic nucleus organization. Cell Tissue Res 309: 89-98
69. Morris ME, Viswanathan N, Kuhlman S, Davis FC, Weitz CJ (1998) A screen for genes induced in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by light. Science 279: 1544-1547
70. Nagano M, Adachi A, Nakahama K, Nakamura T, Tamada M, Meyer-Bernstein E, Sehgal A, Shigeyoshi Y (2003) An abrupt shift in the day/night cycle causes desynchrony in the mammalian circadian center. J Neurosci 23: 6141-6151
71. Nakahata Y, Okumura N, Shima T, Okada M, Nagai K (2000) Light-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurochem 74: 2436-2444
72. Nakahata Y, Okumura N, Otani H, Hamada J, Numakawa T, Sano S, Nagai K (2003) Stimulation of BIT induces a circadian phase shift of locomotor activity in rats. Brain Res 976: 194-201
73. Nakaya M, Sanada K, Fukada Y (2003) Spatial and temporal regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 305: 494-501
74. Newman LA, Walker MT, Brown RL, Cronin TW, Robinson PR (2003) Melanopsin forms a functional short-wavelength photopigment. Biochemistry 42: 12734-12738
75. Nomura K, Takeuchi Y, Yamaguchi S, Okamura H, Fukunaga K (2003) Involvement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the induction of mPer1. J Neurosci Res 72: 384-392
76. Obrietan K, Impey S, Storm DR (1998) Light and circadian rhythmicity regulate MAP kinase activation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Nat Neurosci 1: 693-700
77. Obrietan K, Impey S, Smith D, Athos J, Storm DR (1999) Circadian regulation of cAMP response element-mediated gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. J Biol Chem 274: 17748-17756
78. Oishi K, Miyazaki K, Kadota K, Kikuno R, Nagase T, Atsumi G, Ohkura N, Azama T, Mesaki M, Yukimasa S, Kobayashi H, litaka C, Umehara T, Horikoshi M, Kudo T, Shimizu Y, Yano M, Monden M, Machida K, Matsuda J, Horie S, Todo T, Ishida N (2003) Genome-wide expression analysis of mouse liver reveals CLOCK-regulated circadian output genes. J Biol Chem 278: 41519-41527
79. Oster H, Werner C, Magnone MC, Mayser H, Feil R, Seeliger MW, Hofmann F, Albrecht U (2003) cGMP-dependent protein kinase II modulates mPer1 and mPer2 gene induction and influences phase shifts of the circadian clock. Curr Biol 13: 725-733
80. Panda S, Antoch MP, Miller BH, Su AI, Schook AB, Straume M, Schultz PG, Kay SA, Takahashi JS, Hogenesch JB (2002a) Coordinated transcription of key pathways in the mouse by the circadian clock. Cell 109: 307-320
81. Panda S, Sato TK, Castrucci AM, Rollag MD, DeGrip WJ, Hogenesch JB, Provencio I, Kay SA (2002b) Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting. Science 298: 2213-2216
82. Panda S, Provencio I, Tu DC, Pires SS, Rollag MD, Castrucci AM, Pletcher MT, Sato TK, Wiltshire T, Andahazy M, Kay SA, Van Gelder RN, Hogenesch JB (2003) Melanopsin is required for non-image-forming photic responses in blind mice. Science 301: 525-527
83. Pando MP, Morse D, Cermakian N, Sassone-Corsi P (2002) Phenotypic rescue of a peripheral clock genetic defect via SCN hierarchical dominance. Cell 110: 107-117
84. Pennartz CMA, de Jeu MTG, Bos NPA, Schaap J, Geurtsen AMS (2002) Diurnal modulation of pacemaker potentials and calcium current in the mammalian circadian clock. Nature 416: 286-290
85. Pittendrigh CS (1993) Temporal organization: reflections of a Darwinian clock-watcher. Annu Rev Physiol 55: 17-54
86. Pizzio GA, Hainich EC, Ferreyra GA, Coso OA, Golombek DA (2003) Circadian and photic regulation of ERK, JNK and p38 in the hamster SCN. Neuroreport 14: 1417-1419
87. Preitner N, Damiola F, Lopez-Molina L, Zakany J, Duboule D, Albrecht U, Schibler U (2002) The orphan nuclear receptor REV-ERBα controls circadian transcription within the positive limb of the mammalian circadian oscillator. Cell 110: 251-260
88. Provencio I, Foster RG (1995) Circadian rhythms in mice can be regulated by photoreceptors with cone-like characteristics. Brain Res 694: 183-190
89. Provencio I, Jiang G, De Grip WJ, Hayes WP, Rollag MD (1998) Melanopsin: An opsin in melanophores, brain, and eye. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 340-345
90. Provencio I, Rodriguez IR, Jiang G, Hayes WP, Moreira EF, Rollag MD (2000) A novel human opsin in the inner retina. J Neurosci 20: 600-605
91. Provencio I, Rollag MD, Castrucci AM (2002) Photoreceptive net in the mammalian retina. Nature 415: 493
92. Reick M, Garcia JA, Dudley C, McKnight SL (2001) NPAS2: an analog of clock operative in the mammalian forebrain. Science 293: 506-509
93. Reppert SM, Weaver DR (2002) Coordination of circadian timing in mammals. Nature 418: 935-941
94. Ruby NF, Burns DE, Heller HC (1999) Circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus are temperature-compensated and phase-shifted by heat pulses in vitro. J Neurosci 19: 8630-8636
95. Ruby NF, Brennan TJ, Xie X, Cao V, Franken P, Heller HC, O'Hara BF (2002) Role of melanopsin in circadian responses to light. Science 298: 2211-2213
96. Sanada K, Hayashi Y, Harada Y, Okano T, Fukada Y (2000) Role of circadian activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in chick pineal clock oscillation. J Neurosci 20: 986-991
97. Sanada K, Okano T, Fukada Y (2002) Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylates and negatively regulates basic helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor BMAL1. J Biol Chem 277: 267-271
98. Schibler U, Sassone-Corsi P (2002) A web of circadian pacemakers. Cell 111: 919-922
99. Schibler U, Ripperger J, Brown SA (2003) Peripheral circadian oscillators in mammals: time and food. J Biol Rhythms 18: 250-260
100. Shearman LP, Zylka MJ, Weaver DR, Kolakowski LF, Jr., Reppert SM (1997) Two period homologs: circadian expression and photic regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Neuron 19: 1261-1269
101. Shearman LP, Weaver DR (1999) Photic induction of Period gene expression is reduced in Clock mutant mice. Neuroreport 10: 613-618
102. Shigeyoshi Y, Taguchi K, Yamamoto S, Takekida S, Yan L, Tei H, Moriya T, Shibata S, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC, Okamura H (1997) Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript. Cell 91: 1043-1053
103. Shimizu K, Okada M, Nagai K, Fukada Y (2003) Suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillatory protein, a novel binding partner of K-Ras in the membrane rafts, negatively regulates MAPK pathway. J Biol Chem 278: 14920-14925
104. Stokkan KA, Yamazaki S, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Menaker M (2001) Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science 291: 490-493
105. Storch KF, Lipan O, Leykin I, Viswanathan N, Davis FC, Wong WH, Weitz CJ (2002) Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart. Nature 417: 78-83
106. Takahashi JS, DeCoursey PJ, Bauman L, Menaker M (1984) Spectral sensitivity of a novel photoreceptive system mediating entrainment of mammalian circadian rhythms. Nature 308: 186-188
107. Takano A, Shimizu K, Kani S, Buijs RM, Okada M, Nagai K (2000) Cloning and characterization of rat casein kinase 1ε. FEBS Lett 477: 106-112
108. Terazono H, Mutoh T, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi M, Akiyama M, Udo R, Ohdo S, Okamura H, Shibata S (2003) Adrenergic regulation of clock gene expression in mouse liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 6795-6800
109. 2+/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent activation of Per1 is required for light-induced signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian clock. J Biol Chem 278: 718-723
110. Tischkau SA, Weber ET, Abbott SM, Mitchell JW, Gillette MU (2003b) Circadian clock-controlled regulation of cGMP-protein kinase G in the nocturnal domain. J Neurosci 23: 7543-7550
111. Toh KL, Jones CR, He Y, Eide EJ, Hinz WA, Virshup DM, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH (2001) An hPer2 phosphorylation site mutation in familial advanced sleep phase syndrome. Science 291: 1040-1043
112. Tosini G, Menaker M (1998) The tau mutation affects temperature compensation of hamster retinal circadian oscillators. Neuroreport 9: 1001-1005
113. Travnickova-Bendova Z, Cermakian N, Reppert SM, Sassone-Corsi P (2002) Bimodal regulation of mPeriod promoters by CREB-dependent signaling and CLOCK/BMAL1 activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 7728-7733
114. Tsuchiya Y, Akashi M, Nishida E (2003) Temperature compensation and temperature resetting of circadian rhythms in mammalian cultured fibroblasts. Genes Cells 8: 713-720
115. Ueda HR, Chen W, Adachi A, Wakamatsu H, Hayashi S, Takasugi T, Nagano M, Nakahama K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Iino M, Shigeyoshi Y, Hashimoto S (2002) A transcription factor response element for gene expression during circadian night. Nature 418: 534-539
116. Vielhaber E, Eide E, Rivers A, Gao ZH, Virshup DM (2000) Nuclear entry of the circadian regulator mPER1 is controlled by mammalian casein kinase I ε. Mol Cell Biol 20: 4888-4899
117. Wakamatsu H, Takahashi S, Moriya T, Inouye ST, Okamura H, Akiyama M, Shibata S (2001a) Additive effect of mPer1 and mPer2 antisense oligonucleotides on light-induced phase shift. Neuroreport 12: 127-131
118. Wakamatsu H, Yoshinobu Y, Aida R, Moriya T, Akiyama M, Shibata S (2001b) Restricted-feeding-induced anticipatory activity rhythm is associated with a phase-shift of the expression of mPer1 and mPer2 mRNA in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus but not in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mice. Eur J Neurosci 13: 1190-1196
119. Watanabe K, Vanecek J, Yamaoka S (2000) In vitro entrainment of the circadian rhythm of vasopressin-releasing cells in suprachiasmatic nucleus by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Brain Res 877: 361-366
120. Yagita K, Okamura H (2000) Forskolin induces circadian gene expression of rPer1, rPer2 and dbp in mammalian rat-1 fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 465: 79-82
121. Yagita K, Tamanini F, van der Horst GTJ, Okamura H (2001) Molecular mechanisms of the biological clock in cultured fibroblasts. Science 292: 278-281
122. Yagita K, Tamanini F, Yasuda M, Hoeijmakers JH, van der Horst GTJ, Okamura H (2002) Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and mCRY-dependent inhibition of ubiquitylation of the mPER2 clock protein. EMBO J 21: 1301-1314
123. Yamaguchi S, Mitsui S, Yan L, Yagita K, Miyake S, Okamura H (2000) Role of DBP in the circadian oscillatory mechanism. Mol Cell Biol 20: 4773-4781
124. Yamaguchi S, Isejima H, Matsuo T, Okura R, Yagita K, Kobayashi M, Okamura H (2003) Synchronization of cellular clocks in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Science 302: 1408-1412
125. Yan L, Okamura H (2002) Gradients in the circadian expression of Per1 and Per2 genes in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 15: 1153-1162
126. Yokota S, Yamamoto M, Moriya T, Akiyama M, Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E, Shibata S (2001) Involvement of calcium-calmodulin protein kinase but not mitogen-activated protein kinase in light-induced phase delays and Per gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hamster. J Neurochem 77: 618-627
127. Yoshimura T, Ebihara S (1996) Spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors mediating phase-shifts of circadian rhythms in retinally degenerate CBA/J (rd/rd) and normal CBA/N (+/+) mice. J Comp Physiol A 178: 797-802
128. Young ME, Wilson CR, Razeghi P, Guthrie PH, Taegtmeyer H (2002) Alterations of the circadian clock in the heart by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 34: 223-231