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7144233779
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Eighty-four adult male Syrian hamsters (Charles River Laboratories) were entrained to a light-dark cycle (14 hours light, 10 hours dark) for 3 weeks. The hamsters were then transferred to constant dim light (<1 lux) for 7 days, and circadian phases were estimated from spontaneous running-wheel activity (2). At CT 19 on the seventh day, half of the hamsters received a light treatment (250 lux, 25 to 35 min), and the other half received a sham treatment (similar handling, but light <1 lux). At the end of the treatment, brains were removed (40 from each group) and placed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 4°C) for 30 s, and a 1.5-mm-thick coronal slice containing the SCN was cut (Stoelting tissue slicer) and transferred to cold PBS. A 1-mm tissue punch (Fine Science Tools USA) containing the SCN was taken, frozen on dry ice, and stored (-7O°C). The time between decapitation and freezing of dissected SCNs was 6 to 7 min. Care of hamsters and all procedures were in full compliance with institutional guidelines for animal experimentation.
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7144242121
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note
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1 each digest being used for a separate RDA experiment. Fragments were blunt-ligated on each end to a linker containing a Bgl ll site [top (A-Bgl-24), 5'-TC-CAGCCTCTCACCGCAGATCTGG; bottom, 5'-CCAGATCTGCGGTGAG], and products between 150 and 1500 base pairs were gel-purified; 100 ng of the linked cDNA was used as PCR template in 4 ml of reaction mix, divided into 10 tubes (400 μl each) of PCR buffer (10) containing 1.25 μM A-Bgl-24 (top) primer. Samples were warmed to 72°C for 1 min, Amplitaq (Perkin-Elmer, 37.5 U/ml) was added, and 15 cycles (94°C for 1 min, 72°C for 3 min) were performed. Linkers were removed with Bgl II, and fragments from 150 to 1500 base pairs were gel-purified, generating a cDNA representation of the original mRNA to be used as tester or driver in RDA (10).
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7144241053
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RDA was performed essentially as described (10), but with the following modifications. Hybridizations were for 40 hours (round 1 : driver, 20 μg, tester, 200 ng; round 2: driver, 20 μg, difference product 1, 20 ng; round 3: driver, 20 μg, difference product 2, 500 fg). After round 3, linkers were removed with Bgl II, and PCR products were ligated into PCRscript (Stratagene). For forward subtractions, the cDNA representation from the sham-treated hamsters was used as the driver and that from light-treated hamsters as the tester (10); for reverse subtractions, the driver and tester designations were reversed.
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7144266458
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32P-labeled cDNA was synthesized from final RDA products from the forward and reverse subtractions (13), respectively, and washed as above.
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23
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7144242760
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note
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Forty-one plasmids that were isolated in control reverse subtractions (13) or that corresponded to highly abundant transcripts were set aside as likely artifacts; nearly half were accounted for by three clones.
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24
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35S-labeled riboprobes was as described [D. G. Wilkinson, J. A. Bailes, J. E. Champion, A. P. McMahon, Development 99, 493 (1987)].
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7144221022
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note
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We thank N. Gekakis and D. Staknis for helpful contributions; D. Nathans, M. Greenberg, P. Worley, and A. Lanahan for plasmids; J. Takahashi for a Syrian hamster genomic library; L. Buck for use of her microscope; S. Sullivan for guidance on in situ hybridization; N. Nakanishi and W. Schwartz for helpful suggestions; D. Paul, J. Cohen, and I. Chiu for comments on the manuscript; and L. Ruthig and J. Lee for technical assistance. Supported by a McKnight Scholars Award (C.J.W.), the Council for Tobacco Research-USA, Inc. (C.J.W.), a Stuart H. Q. and Victoria Quan Fellowship in Neurobiology (M.E.M), and NIH (F.C.D.).
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