Evidence-based assessment of autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 523-540

  Ozonoff, Sally ^a,b   Goodlin Jones, Beth L ^a   Solomon, Marjorie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; AUTISM; CHILD; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FAMILY; HUMAN; LANGUAGE DISABILITY; METHODOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; OBSERVER VARIATION; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; COMORBIDITY; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FAMILY; HUMANS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; OBSERVER VARIATION; QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 25144457951     PISSN: 15374416     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_8     Document Type: Review

References (182)

1. Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
2. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.
3. Aman, M. G., Novotny, S., Samango-Sprouse, C., Lecavalier, L., Gadow, K. D., King, B. H., et al. (2004). Outcome measures for clinical drug trials in autism. CNS Spectrum, 9, 36-47.
4. Aman, M. G., Singh, N. N., Stewart, A. W., & Field, C. J. (1985). The Aberrant Behavior Checklist: A behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 485-491.
5. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington DC: Author.
6. Arnold, L. E., Aman, M. G., Martin, A., Collier-Crespin, A., Vitiello, B., Tierney, E., et al. (2000). Assessment in multi-site randomized clinical trials of patients with autistic disorder: The autism RUPP network. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 99-111.
7. Arnold, L. E., Vitiello, B., McDougle, C., Scahill, L., Shah, B., Gonzalez, N. M., et al. (2003). Parent-defined target symptoms respond to risperidone in the RUPP autism study: Customer approach to clinical trials. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1443-1450.
8. Bailey, A., LeCouteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., et al. (1995). Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: Evidence from a British twin study. Psychological Medicine, 25, 63-77.
9. Bailey, A., Luthert, P., Dean, A., Harding, B., Janota, I., Montgomery, M., et al. (1998). A clinicopathological study of autism. Brain, 121, 889-905.
10. Baron-Cohen, S. (1991). Precursors to a theory of mind: Understanding attention in others. In A. Whiten (Ed.), Natural theories of mind: The evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading (pp. 233-251). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
11. Bauminger, N. (2002). The facilitation of social-emotional understanding and social interaction in high-functioning children with autism: Intervention outcomes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 283-298.
12. Bayley, N. (1993). The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
13. Beck, A. T. (1987). Beck Depression Inventory manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
14. Berger, H. J. C., Aerts, F. H. T. M., van Spaendonck, K. P. M., Cools, A. R., & Teunisse, J. P. (2003). Central coherence and cognitive shifting in relation to social improvement in high-functioning young adults with autism. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 502-511.
15. Bertrand, J., Mars, A., Boyle, C., Bove, F. Yeargin-Allsopp, M., & Decoufle, P. (2001) Prevalence of autism in the United States population: The Brick Township New Jersey investigation. Pediatrics, 108, 1155-1161.
16. Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A. (1999). Autism screening questionnaire: Diagnostic validity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 444-451.
17. Bishop, D. V. M., & Baird, G. (2001). Parent and teacher report of pragmatic aspects of communication: Use of the Children's Communication Checklist in a clinical setting. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43, 809-818.
18. Bishop, D. V. M., & Norbury, C. F. (2002). Exploring the borderlands of autistic disorder and specific language impairment: A study using standardized instruments. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 917-930.
19. Bolte, S., Dickhut, H., & Poustka, F. (1999). Patterns of parent-reported problems indicative of autism. Psychopathology, 32, 93-97.
20. Bolte, S., & Poustka, F. (2000). Diagnosis of autism: The connection between current and historical information. Autism, 4, 382-390.
21. Bolte, S., & Poustka, F. (2002). The relation between general cognitive level and adaptive behavior domains in individuals with autism with and without co-morbid mental retardation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 33, 165-172.
22. Bracken, B. A. (1998). The Bracken Basic Concept Scale-Revised. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
23. Bristol, M. M. (1984). Family resources and successful adaptation in families of autistic children. In E. Schopler & G. Mesibov (Eds.), The effects of autism on the family (pp. 289-310). New York: Plenum.
24. Brownell, R. (2000). Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test-2000. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy.
25. Bruininks, R. H., Woodcock, R. W., Weatherman, R. E., & Hill, B. K. (1996). Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised. Itasca, IL: Riverside.
26. Bryan, L. C., & Gast, D. L. (2000). Teaching on-task and on-schedule behaviors to high-functioning children with autism via picture activity schedules. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 553-567.
27. Buitelaar, J. K., van der Gaag, R., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. (1999). Exploring the boundaries of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified: Analyses of data from the DSM-JV autistic disorder field trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 33-43.
28. Burack, J. A., Iarocci, G., Bowler, D., & Mottron, L. (2002). Benefits and pitfalls in the merging of disciplines: The example of developmental psychopathology and the study of persons with autism. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 225-237.
29. Galloway, C. J., & Simpson, R. (1998). Decisions regarding functions of behavior: Scientific versus informal analyses. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 13, 167-175.
30. Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 111-126.
31. Carter, A. S., Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Wang, J. J., Lord, C., Dawson, G., et al. (1998). The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary norms for individuals with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28, 287-302.
32. Chakrabarti, S., & Fombonne, E. (2001). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 3093-3099.
33. Charman, T., Howlin, P., Berry, B., & Prince, E. (2004). Measuring developmental progress of children with autism spectrum disorders on school entry using parent report. Autism, 8, 89-100.
34. Clark, C., Prior, M., & Kinsella, G. (2002). The relationship between executive function abilities, adaptive behavior, and academic achievement in children with externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 785-796.
35. Cohen, I. L. (2003). Criterion-related validity of the PDD Behavior Inventory. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 47-54.
36. Cohen, I. L., Schmidt-Lackner, S., Romanczyk, R., & Sudhalter, V. (2003). The PDD Behavior Inventory: A rating scale for assessing response to intervention in children with pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 31-46.
37. Courchesne, E., Karns, C. M., Davis, B. S., Ziccardi, R., Carper, R. A., Tigue, Z. D., et al. (2001). Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder: An MRI study. Neurology, 57, 245-254.
38. Cox, A., Klein, K., Charman, T., Baird, G., Baron-Cohen, S., Swettenham, J., et al. (1999). Autism spectrum disorders at 20 and 42 months of age: Stability of clinical and ADI-R diagnosis. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 40, 719-732.
39. de Bildt, A., Sytema, S., Ketelaars, C., Kraijer, D., Mulder, E., Volkmar, F., et al. (2004). Interrelationships between the ADOS, ADI-R, and DSM-IV-TR classification in children and adolescents with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 129-137.
40. Delis, D. C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. H. (2001). Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
41. DiLalla, D. L., & Rogers, S. J. (1994). Domains of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Relevance for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 115-128.
42. Duarte, C. S., Bordin, I. A. S., deOliveira, A., & Bird, H. (2003). The CBCL and the identification of children with autism and related conditions in Brazil: Pilot findings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 703-707.
43. Dunlap, G., & Kern, L. (1993). Assessment and intervention for children within the instructional curriculum. In J. Reichler & D. Wacker (Eds.), Communication and language intervention series: Vol. 3. Communicative alternatives to challenging behavior: Integrating functional assessment and intervention strategies (pp. 106-126). San Diego, CA: College-Hill.
44. Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1997). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (3rd ed.). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
45. Dunst, C. J., Cooper, C. S., Weeldreyer, J. C., Snyder, K. D., & Chase, J. H. (1988). Family Needs Scale. In C. J. Dunst, C. M. Trivette, & A. G. Deal (Eds.), Enabling and empowering families: Principles and guidelines for practice (pp. 149-163). Cambridge, MA: Brookline.
46. Dunst, C. J., Jenkins, V., & Trivette, C. M. (1984). Family support scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of Individual, Family and Community Wellness, 1, 45-52.
47. Eaves, R. C., & Milner, B. (1993). The criterion-related validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Behavior Checklist. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 481-491.
48. Ehlers, S., & Gillberg, C. (1993). The epidemiology of Asperger syndrome: A total population study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1327-1350.
49. Ehlers, S., Gillberg, C., & Wing, L. (1999). A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 129-141.
50. Elliott, C. (1990). Differential Abilities Scale. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
51. Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Ashwal, S., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Jr., Dawson, G., et al. (2000). Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism. Neurology, 55, 468-479.
52. Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Jr., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., et al. (1999). The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 439-484.
53. Fombonne, E. (2003). Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: An update. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 365-382.
54. Foster, S. L., & Mash, E. J. (1999). Assessing social validity in clinical treatment research: Issues and procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 308-319.
55. Freeman, B. J., Del'Homme, M., Guthrie, D., & Zhang, F. (1999). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale scores as a function of age and initial IQ in 210 autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 379-384.
56. Freeman, B. J., Rahbar, B., Ritvo, E. R., Bice, T. L., Yokota, A., & Ritvo, R. (1991). The stability of cognitive and behavioral parameters in autism: A 12-year prospective study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 479-182.
57. Frith, U., & Happe, F. (1994). Autism: Beyond theory of mind. Cognition, 50, 115-132.
58. Garfin, D. G., McCallon, D., & Cox, R. (1988). Validity and reliability of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale with autistic adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 367-378.
59. Garretson, H. B., Fein, D., & Waterhouse, L. (1990). Sustained attention in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20, 101-114.
60. Gilliam, J. E. (1995). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
61. Gilliam, J. E. (2001). Gilliam Asperger Disorder Scale. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
62. Gilotty, L., Kenworthy, L., Sirian, L., Black, D. O., & Wagner, A. E. (2002). Adaptive skills and executive function in autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 241-248.
63. Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Behavior rating inventory of executive fonction. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
64. Glow, R. A., & Glow, P. H. (1980). Peer and self-rating: Children's perception of behavior relevant to hyperkinetic impulse disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 8, 397-404.
65. Goldstein, S. (2002). Review of the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 611-614.
66. Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. A. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigle-type card sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 404-411.
67. Gresham, F. M., & Elliot, S. N. (1989). Social skills assessment technology for the learning disabled student. Learning Disability Quarterly, 12, 141-152.
68. Groth-Marnat, G. (1999). Financial efficacy of clinical assessment: Rational guidelines and issues for future research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 813-824.
69. Harris, S. L., & Handleman, J. S. (2000). Age and IQ at intake as predictors of placement for young children with autism: A four- to six-year follow-up. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 137-142.
70. Harrison, P., & Oakland, T. (2003). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
71. Hauser-Kram, P., Warfield, M. E., Shonkoff, J. P., & Krauss, M. W. (2001). Children with disabilities: A longitudinal study of child development and parent well-being. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 66, 1-131.
72. Hayes, S. C., Nelson, R. O., & Jarrett, R. B. (1987). The treatment utility of assessment: A functional approach to evaluating assessment quality. American Psychologist, 42, 963-974.
73. Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual: Revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
74. Hinshaw, S. P., & Melnick, S. M. (1995). Peer relationships in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid aggression. Developmental Psychopathology, 7, 627-647.
75. Holroyd, J. (1974). The Questionnaire on Resources and Stress: An instrument to measure family response to a handicapped member. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 37, 1-11.
76. Horner, R. H. (1994). Functional assessment: Contributions and future directions. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 401-404.
77. Howlin, P. (2003). Outcome in high-functioning adults with autism with and without early language delays: Implications for the differentiation between autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 3-14.
78. Hresko W. P., Peak, P. K., Herron, S. R., & Bridges, D. L. (2000). Young Children's Achievement Test. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
79. International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium. (2001). A genomewide screen for autism: Strong evidence for linkage to chromosomes 2q, 7q, and 16p. American Journal of Human Genetics, 69, 570-581.
80. Joseph, R. M., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Lord, C. (2002). Cognitive profiles and social-communicative functioning in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 807-821.
81. Kamphaus, R. W., Reynolds, C. R., & Hatcher, N. M. (1999). Treatment planning and evaluation with the Behavior Assessment System for Children. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment (2nd ed., pp. 563-597). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
82. Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective content. Nervous Child, 2, 217-250.
83. Kasari, C. (2002). Assessing change in early intervention programs for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 447-461.
84. Kazdin, A. E. (1999). The meanings and measurement of clinical significance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 332-339.
85. Kendall, P. C., Marrs-Garcia, A., Nath, S. R., & Sheldrick, R. C. (1999). Normative comparisons for the evaluation of clinical significance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 285-299.
86. Kim, J. A., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S. E., Streiner, D. L., & Wilson, F. J. (2000). The prevalence of anxiety and mood problems among children with autism and Asperger syndrome. Autism, 4, 117-132.
87. Klin, A., & Shepard, B. A. (1994). Psychological assessment of autistic children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 3, 53-70.
88. Klin, A., Sparrow, S. S., Marans, W. D., Carter, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (2000). Assessment issues in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome. In A. Klin, F. R. Volkmar, & S. S. Sparrow (Eds.), Asperger syndrome (pp. 309-339). New York: Guilford.
89. Klin, A., Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Rourke, B. P. (1995). Validity and neuropsychological characterization of Asperger syndrome: Convergence with nonverbal learning disabilities syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 1127-1140.
90. Klinger, L. G., & Renner, P. (2000). Performance-based measures in autism: Implications for diagnosis, early detection, and identification of cognitive profiles. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 479-492.
91. Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., & Smith, A. (1997). Variables related to differences in standardized test outcomes for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 233-243.
92. Konstantareas, M. M., Homatidis, S., & Plowright, C. M. (1992). Assessing resources and stress in parents of severely dysfunctional children through the Clarke modification of Holroyd's Questionnaire on Resources and Stress. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 217-234.
93. Korkman, M., Kirk, U., & Kemp, S. (1998). NEPSY manual: A developmental neuropsychological assessment. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
94. Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
95. Kraemer, B. R., McIntyre, L. L., & Blacher, J. (2003). Quality of life for young adults with mental retardation during transition. Mental Retardation, 41, 250-262.
96. Krug, D. A., Arick, J. R., & Almond, P. J. (1988). Autism Behavior Checklist. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
97. Lainhart, J. E. (1999). Psychiatric problems in individuals with autism, their parents and siblings. International Review of Psychiatry, 11, 278-298.
98. Lainhart, J. E., & Folstein, S. E. (1994). Affective disorders in people with autism: A review of published cases. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 587-601.
99. Lincoln, A. J., Allen, M. H., & Kilman, A. (1995). The assessment and interpretation of intellectual abilities in people with autism. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Learning and cognition in autism (pp. 89-117). New York: Plenum.
100. Lord, C. (1995). Follow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 1365-1382.
101. Lord, C. (1997). Diagnostic instruments in autism spectrum disorders. In D. J. Cohen & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of au-tism and pervasive developmental disorders (2nd ed., pp. 460-483). New York: Wiley.
102. Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205-223.
103. Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., & Risi, S. (2002). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
104. Lord, C., Rutter, M., & LeCouteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659-685.
105. Lord, C., & Schopler, E. (1989). The role of age at assessment, developmental level, and test in the stability of intelligence scores in young autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 483-499.
106. Lotter, V. (1966). Epidemiology of autistic conditions in young children: Prevalence. Social Psychiatry, 1, 124-137.
107. Lotter, V. (1974). Factors related to outcome in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 4, 263-277.
108. Luiselli, J. K., Campbell, S., Cannon, B., DiPietro, E., Ellis, J. T., Taras, M., et al. (2001). Assessment instruments used in the education and treatment of persons with autism: Brief report of a survey of national service centers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 22, 389-398.
109. Macintosh, K. E., & Dissanayake, C. (2004). The similarities and differences between autistic disorder and Asperger disorder: A review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 410-434.
110. Magiati, I., & Howlin, P. (2001). Monitoring the progress of preschool children with autism enrolled in early intervention programs: Problems in cognitive assessment. Autism, 5, 399-406.
111. March, J. S. (1997). Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
112. Mash, E. J., & Hunsley, J. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of child and adolescent disorders: Issues and challenges. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 362-379.
113. Mather, N., & Woodcock, R. W. (2001). Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement. Chicago: Riverside.
114. Mayes, S., & Calhoun, S. (2003a). Ability profiles in children with autism: Influence of age and IQ. Autism, 6, 83-98.
115. Mayes, S. D., & Calhoun, S. L. (2003b). Analysis of WISC-III, Stanford-Binet: IV, and academic achievement test scores in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 329-341.
116. Mildenberger, K., Sitter, S., Noterdaeme, M., & Amorosa, H. (2001). The use of the ADI-R as a diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of children with infantile autism and children with receptive language disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 10, 248-255.
117. Miller, J. N., & Ozonoff, S. (2000). The external validity of Asperger disorder: Lack of evidence from the domain of neuropsychology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 227-238.
118. Minshew, N. J., Goldstein, G., & Siegel, D. J. (1997). Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: Profile of a complex information processing disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 303-316.
119. Mullen, E. M. (1995). Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
120. Mundy, P., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1990) A longitudinal study of joint attention and language development in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20, 115-128.
121. Myles, B. S., Bock, S. J., & Simpson, R. (2001). Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale. Austin TX: PRO-ED.
122. Noterdaeme, M., Amorosa, H., Mildenberger, K., Sitter, S., & Minow, F. (2001). Evaluation of attention problems in children with autism and children with a specific language disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 10, 58-66.
123. Offord, D., Boyle, M., Racine, Y., Szatmari, P., Fleming, J., Sanford, M., et al. (1996). Integrating assessment data from multiple informants. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1078-1085.
124. Olsson, M. B., & Hwang, C. P. (2001). Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45, 535-543.
125. O'Neill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Storey, K., & Srague, J. R. (1997). Functional assessment and program development for problem behavior (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
126. Owley, T., McMahon, W., Cook, E. H., Laulhere, T. M., South, M., Mays, L. Z., et al. (2001). A multi-site, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of porcine secretin in autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1293-1299.
127. Ozonoff, S. (1995). Reliability and validity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in studies of autism. Neuropsychology, 9, 491-500.
128. Ozonoff, S., Dawson, G., & McPartland, J. (2002). A parent's guide to Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism: How to meet the challenges and help your child thrive. New York: Guilford.
129. Ozonoff, S., & Griffith, E. M. (2000). Neuropsychological function and the external validity of Asperger syndrome. In A. Klin, F. Volkmar, & S. S. Sparrow (Eds.), Asperger syndrome (pp. 72-96). New York: Guilford.
130. Ozonoff, S., Provencal, S., & Solomon, M. (2002, October). The effectiveness of social skills training programs for autism spectrum disorders. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, San Francisco.
131. Ozonoff, S., Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1991). Asperger syndrome: Evidence of an empirical distinction from high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 1107-1122.
132. Ozonoff, S., South, M., & Miller, J. (2000). DSM-IV-defined Asperger syndrome: Cognitive, behavioral and early history differentiation from high-functioning autism. Autism, 4, 29-46.
133. Ozonoff, S., South, M., & Provencal, S. (2005). Executive functions. In F. R. Volkmar, A. Klin, & R. Paul (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (3rd ed., pp. 606-627). New York: Wiley.
134. Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathologies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 51-87.
135. Perry, D. W., Marston, G. W., Hinder, S. A., Munden, A. C., & Roy, A. (2001). The phenomenology of depressive illness in people with learning disability and autism. Autism, 5, 265-275.
136. Perry, R. (1998). Misdiagnosed ADD/ADHD; rediagnosed PDD. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 113-114.
137. Piotrowski, C. (1999). Assessment practices in the era of managed care: Current status and future directions. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 787-796.
138. Prior, M. (2000). Guest editorial: Special issue on Asperger syndrome. Autism, 4, 5-8.
139. Roid, G. H. (2003). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale manual (5th ed.). Itasca, IL: Riverside.
140. Roid, G., & Miller, L. (1997). Leiter International Test of Intelligence-Revised. Chicago: Stoelting.
141. Rourke, B. P. (Ed.). (1995). Syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities: Neurodevelopmental manifestations. New York: Guilford.
142. Russell, J. (Ed.). (1997). Autism as an executive disorder. New York: Oxford University Press.
143. Rutter, M. (1984). Autistic children growing up. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 26, 122-129.
144. Rutter, M., Bailey, A., Berument, S. K., LeCouteur, A., Lord, C., et al. (2003). Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
145. Rutter, M., LeCouteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
146. Saemundsen, E., Magnusson, P., Smari, J., & Sigurdardottir, S. (2003). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Convergence and discrepancy in diagnosing autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 319-328.
147. Schalock, R. L., & Keith, K. D. (1993). Quality of Life Questionnaire manual. Columbus, OH: IDS.
148. Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., Bashford, A., Lansing, M. D., & Marcus, L. M. (1990). Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
149. Schopler, E., Reichler, R., & Renner, B. (1988). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
150. Schultz, R. T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R. K., Anderson, A. W., Volkmar, F., et al. (2000). Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 331-340.
151. Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. A. (2003). Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
152. Sevin, J. A., Matson, J. L., Coe, D. A., Fee, V. E., & Sevin, B. M. (1991). A comparison and evaluation of three commonly used autism scales. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 415-432.
153. Sheras, P. L., Abidin, R. R., & Konold, T. R. (1998). The Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
154. Siegel, D. J., Minshew, N. J., & Goldstein, G. (1996). Wechsler IQ profiles in diagnosis of high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 389-406.
155. South, M., Williams, B. J., McMahon, W. M., Owley, T., Filipek, P. A., Shernoff, E., et al. (2002). Utility of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale in research and clinical populations. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 593-599.
156. Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
157. Sponheim, E. (1996). Changing criteria of autistic disorders: A comparison of ICD-10 research criteria and DSM-IV with DSM-III-R, CARS, and ABC. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 513-525.
158. Sponheim, E., & Spurkland, I. (1996). Diagnosing childhood autism in clinical practice: An inter-rater reliability study of ICD-10, DSM-III-R, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Behavior Checklist. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 5-9.
159. Starr, E., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2003). Stability and change among high-functioning children with pervasive developmental disorders: A 2-year outcome study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 15-22.
160. Stevens, M. C., Fein, D. A., Dunn, M., Allen, D., Waterhouse, L. H., Feinstein, C., et al. (2000). Subgroups of children with autism by cluster analysis: A longitudinal examination. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 346-352.
161. Stone, W. L., Coonrod, E. E., Pozdol, S. L., & Turner, L. M. (2003). The Parent Interview for Autism-clinical version (PIA-CV): A measure of behavioral change for young children with autism. Autism, 7, 9-30.
162. Stone, W. L., & Yoder, P. J. (2001). Predicting spoken language level in children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 5, 341-361.
163. Szatmari, P., Archer L., Fisman, S., & Streiner, D. L. (1994). Parent and teacher agreement in the assessment of pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 703-717.
164. Szatmari, P., Bartolucci, G., Bremner, R., Bond, S., & Rich, S. (1989). A follow-up study of high-functioning autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 213-225.
165. Szatmari, P., Bryson, S. E., Boyle, M. H., Streiner, D. L., & Duku, E. (2003). Predictors of outcome among high functioning children with autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 520-528.
166. Tager-Flusberg, H., & Joseph, R. M. (2003). Identifying neurocognitive phenotypes in autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 358, 303-314.
167. Tobing, L. E., & Glenwick, D. S. (2002). Relation of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Parent version to diagnosis, stress, and age. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 23, 211-223.
168. Tsatsanis, K. D., Dartnall, N., Cicchetti, D., Sparrow, S. S., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. R. (2003). Concurrent validity and classification accuracy of the Leiter and Leiter-R in low-functioning children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 23-30.
169. Van Bourgondien, M., Marcus, L., & Schopler, E. (1992). Comparison of DSM-III-R and Childhood Autism Rating Scale diagnoses of autism. Journal Autism & Developmental Disorders, 22, 493-506.
170. Venter, A., Lord, C., & Schopler, E. (1992). A follow-up study of high-functioning autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 489-507.
171. Volkmar, F. R., Cicchetti, D. V., Dykens, E., Sparrow, S. S., Leckman, J. F., & Cohen, D. J. (1988). An evaluation of the Autism Behavior Checklist. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 16, 81-97.
172. Volkmar, F. R., Cook, E. H., Jr., Pomeroy, J., Realmuto, G., & Tanguay, P. (1999). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 32S-54S.
173. Wadden, N. P., Bryson, S. E., & Rodger, R. S. (1991). A closer look at the Autism Behavior Checklist: Discriminant validity and factor structure. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 529-541.
174. Walker, D. R., Thompson, A., Zwaigenbaum, L., Goldberg, J., Bryson, S. E., Mahoney, W. J., et al. (2004). Specifying PDDNOS: A comparison of PDDNOS, Asperger syndrome, and autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 172-180.
175. Wechsler, D. (2002). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
176. Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
177. Wiig, E., & Secord, W. (1989). Test of Language Competence-expanded edition. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
178. Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979). Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9, 11-29.
179. Wolery, M., & Garfinkle, A. N. (2002). Measures in intervention research with young children who have autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 463-478.
180. Wolf, L., Noh, S., Fisman, S. N., & Speechley, M. (1989). Psychological effects of parenting stress on parents of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 157-166.
181. Wood, M. (1995). Parent-professional collaboration and the efficacy of the IEP process. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Teaching children with autism (pp. 147-174). Baltimore: Brookes.
182. Zimmerman, I. L., Steiner, V. G., & Pond, R. E. (2002). Preschool Language Scales 4. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.