Heat shock proteins and allograft rejection

Contributions to Nephrology

Volumn 148, Issue , 2005, Pages 122-134

  Pockley, Alan Graham ^a,b   Muthana, Munitta ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b NORTHERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN;

ALLOTRANSPLANTATION; ANIMAL; GRAFT REJECTION; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; TRANSPLANTATION;

ANIMALS; GRAFT REJECTION; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HUMANS; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS; TRANSPLANTS;

EID: 23644446873     PISSN: 03025144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1159/000086057     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Currie RW, Sharma VK, Stepkowski SM, Payee RF: Protein synthesis in heterotopically transplanted rat hearts. Exp Cell Biol 1987;55:46-56.
2. Currie RW: Effects of ischemia and perfusion temperature on the synthesis of stress-induced (heat shock) proteins in isolated and perfused rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1987;19:795-808.
3. Qian J, Moliterno R, Donovan-Peluso MA, Liu K, Suzow J, Valdivia L, Pan F, Duquesnoy RJ: Expression of stress proteins and lymphocyte reactivity in heterotopic cardiac allografts undergoing cellular rejection. Transplant Immunol 1995;3:114-123.
4. Baba HA, Schmid C, Wilhelm MJ, Blasius S, Scheid HH, Bocker W, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B: Inducible heat shock protein 70 in rat cardiac allograft and its immunohistochemical localization in cardiac myocytes. Transplantation 1997;64:1035-1040.
5. Mehta NK, Carroll M, Sykes DE, Tan Z, Bergsland J, Canty JJ, Bhayana JN, Hoover EL, Salerno TA: Heat shock protein 70 expression in native and heterotopically transplanted rat hearts. J Surg Res 1997;70:151-155.
6. Davis EA, Wang BH, Stagg CA, Baldwin WM 3rd, Baumgartner WA, Sanfilippo F, Udelsman R: Induction of heat shock protein in cardiac allograft rejection - A cyclosporine-suppressible response. Transplantation 1996;61:279-284.
7. Ogita K, Hopkinson K, Nakao M, Wood RFM, Pockley AG: Stress responses in graft and native intestine after rat heterotopic small bowel transplantation. Transplantation 2000;69:2273-2277.
8. Schimke I, Lutsch G, Schemes U, Kruse I, Dubel HP, Pregla R, Hummel M, Meyer R, Stahl J: Increased level of HSP27 but not of HSP72 in human heart allografts in relation to acute rejection. Transplantation 2000;70:1694-1697.
9. Alevy YG, Brennan D, Durriya S, Howard T, Mohanakumar T: Increased expression of the HDJ-2 heat shock protein in biopsies of human rejected kidney. Transplantation 1996;61:963-967.
10. Nakai A, Satoh M, Hirayoshi K, Nagata K: Involvement of the stress protein HSP47 in procollagen processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 1992;117:903-914.
11. Nagata K, Yamada KM: Phosphorylation and transformation sensitivity of a major collagen-binding protein of fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1986;261:7531-7536.
12. Masuda H, Fukumoto M, Hirayoshi K, Nagata K: Coexpression of the collagen-binding stress protein HSP47 gene and the alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) collagen genes in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest 1994;94:2481-2488.
13. Cheng M, Razzaque MS, Nazneen A, Taguchi T: Expression of the heat shock protein 47 in gentamicin-treated rat kidneys. Int J Exp Pathol 1998;79:125-132.
14. Moriyama T, Kawada N, Ando A, Yamauchi A, Horio M, Nagata K, Imai E, Hori M: Up-regulation of HSP47 in the mouse kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int 1998;54:110-119.
15. Abe K, Ozono Y, Miyazaki M, Koji T, Shioshita K, Furusu A, Tsukasaki S, Matsuya F, Hosokawa N, Harada T, Taguchi T, Nagata K, Kohno S: Interstitial expression of heat shock protein 47 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in renal allograft failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:529-535.
16. Trieb K, Dirnhofer S, Krumbock N, Blahovec H, Sgonc R, Margreiter R, Feichtinger H: Heat shock protein expression in the transplanted human kidney. Transpl Int 2001;14:281-286.
17. Trieb K, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Eberl T, Margreiter R: T cells from rejected human kidney allografts respond to heat shock protein 72. Transplant Immunol 1996;4:43-45.
18. Moliterno R, Woan M, Bentlejewski C, Zeevi A, Pham S, Griffith BP, Duquesnoy RJ: Heat shock protein-induced T lymphocyte propagation from endomyocardial biopsies in heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:329-337.
19. Hightower LE: Heat shock, stress proteins, chaperones and proteotoxicity. Cell 1991;66:191-197.
20. Hartl FU: Molecular chaperones in cellular protein folding. Nature 1996;381:571-579.
21. Perdrizet GA: The heat shock response and organ transplantation. Transplant Rev 1996;10:78-98.
22. Chen G, Kelly C, Stokes K, Wang JH, Leahy A, Bouchier-Hayes D: Induction of heat shock protein 72kDa expression is associated with attenuation of ischaemia-reperfusion induced microvascular injury. J Surg Res 1997;69:435-439.
23. Suzuki K, Sawa Y, Kaneda Y, Ichikawa H, Shirakura R, Matsuda H: In vivo gene transfection with heat shock protein 70 enhances myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat. J Clin Invest 1997;99:1645-1650.
24. Hiratsuka M, Yano M, Mora BN, Nagahiro I, Cooper JD, Patterson GA: Heat shock pretreatment protects pulmonary isografts from subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:1238-1246.
25. Hiratsuka M, Mora BN, Yano M, Mohanakumar T, Patterson GA: Gene transfer of heat shock protein 70 protects lung grafts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:1421-1427.
26. Squiers EC, Bruch D, Buelow R, Tice DG: Pretreatment of small bowel isograft donors with cobalt-protoporphyrin decreases preservation injury. Transplant Proc 1999;31:585-586.
27. Suzuki K, Smolenski RT, Jayakumar J, Murtuza B, Brand NJ, Yacoub MH: Heat shock treatment enhances graft cell survival in skeletal myoblast transplantation to the heart. Circulation 2000;102 (suppl 3):III216-III221.
28. Jayakumar J, Suzuki K, Khan M, Smolenski RT, Farrell A, Latif N, Raisky O, Abunasra H, Sammut IA, Murtuza B, Amrani M, Yacoub MH: Gene therapy for myocardial protection: Transfection of donor hearts with heat shock protein 70 gene protects cardiac function against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Circulation 2000;102(suppl 3):III302-III306.
29. Jayakumar J, Suzuki K, Sammut IA, Smolenski RT, Khan M, Latif N, Abunasra H, Murtuza B, Amrani M, Yacoub MH: Heat shock protein 70 gene transfection protects mitochondrial and ventricular function against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Circulation 2001;104(suppl 1):I303-I307.
30. Redaelli CA, Wagner M, Kulli C, Tian YH, Kubulus D, Mazzucchelli L, Wagner AC, Schilling MK: Hyperthermia-induced HSP expression correlates with improved rat renal isograft viability and survival in kidneys harvested from non-heart-beating donors. Transpl Int 2001;14:351-360.
31. Redaelli CA, Tien YH, Kubulus D, Mazzucchelli L, Schilling MK, Wagner AC: Hyperthermia preconditioning induces renal heat shock protein expression, improves cold ischemia tolerance, kidney graft function and survival in rats. Nephron 2002;90:489-497.
32. Kevelaitis E, Patel AP, Oubenaissa A, Peynet J, Mouas C, Yellon DM, Menasche P: Backtable heat-enhanced preconditioning: A simple and effective means of improving function of heart transplants. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;72:107-112.
33. Fudaba Y, Ohdan H, Tashiro H, Ito H, Fukuda Y, Dohi K, Asahara T: Geranylgeranylacetone, a heat shock protein inducer, prevents primary graft nonfunction in rat liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001;72:184-189.
34. Katori M, Buelow R, Ke B, Ma J, Coito AJ, Iyer S, Southard D, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW: Heme oxygenase-1 over-expression protects rat hearts from cold ischemia/reperfusion injury via an anti-apoptotic pathway. Transplantation 2002;73:287-292.
35. Wagner M, Cadetg P, Ruf R, Mazzucchelli L, Ferrari P, Redaelli CA: Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis and improves survival in rat renal allografts. Kidney Int 2003;63:1564-1573.
36. Wang JH, Redmond HP, Watson RWG, Condron C, Bouchier-Hayes D: Induction of heat shock protein 72 prevents neutrophil-mediated human endothelial necrosis. Arch Surg 1995;130:1260-1265.
37. Gill RR, Gbur CJJ, Fisher BJ, Hess ML, Fowler AA 3rd, Kukreja RC, Sholley MM: Heat shock provides delayed protection against oxidative injury in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1998;30:2739-2749.
38. Amrani M, Latif N, Morrison K, Gray CC, Jayakumar J, Corbett J, Goodwin AT, Dunn MJ, Yacoub MH: Relative induction of heat shock protein in coronary endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes: Implications for myocardial protection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115:200-209.
39. Martin JL, Mestril R, Hilal-Dandan R, Brunton LL, Dillman WH: Small heat shock proteins and protection against ischemic injury in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 1997;96:4138-4140.
40. Flohé S, Speidel N, Flach R, Lange R, Erhard J, Ulrich Schade F: Expression of Hsp70 as a potential prognostic marker for acute rejection in human liver transplantation. Transplant Int 1998;11:89-94.
41. Cahill CM, Lin HS, Price BD, Bruce JL, Calderwood SK: Potential role of heat shock transcription factor in the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997;400B:625-630.
42. Cahill CM, Waterman WR, Xie Y, Auron PE, Calderwood SK: Transcriptional repression of the prointerleukin 1β gene by heat shock factor 1. J Biol Chem 1996;271:24874-24879.
43. Housby JN, Cahill CM, Chu B, Prevelige R, Bickford K, Stevenson MA, Calderwood SK: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the expression of cytokines and induce HSP70 in human monocytes. Cytokine 1999;11:347-358.
44. House SD, Guidon PT Jr, Perdrizet GA, Rewinski M, Kyriakos R, Bockman RS, Mistry T, Gallagher PA, Hightower LE: Effects of heat shock, stannous chloride, and gallium nitrate on the rat inflammatory response. Cell Stress Chaperones 2001;6:164-171.
45. Matzinger P: Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Ann Rev Immunol 1994;12:991-1045.
46. Srivastava PK, Ménoret A, Basu S, Binder RJ, McQuade KL: Heat shock proteins come of age: Primitive functions acquire new roles in an adaptive world. Immunity 1998;8:657-665.
47. Galdiero M, de l'Ero GC, Marcatili A: Cytokine and adhesion molecule expression in human monocytes and endothelial cells stimulated with bacterial heat shock proteins. Infect Immun 1997;65:699-707.
48. Retzlaff C, Yamamoto Y, Hoffman PS, Friedman H, Klein TW: Bacterial heat shock proteins directly induce cytokine mRNA and interleukin-1 secretion in macrophage cultures. Infect Immun 1994;62:5689-5693.
49. Peetermans WE, Raats CJ, Langermans JA, van Furth R: Mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 induces proinflammatory cytokines but does not activate human mononuclear phagocytes. Scand J Immunol 1994;39:613-617.
50. Kol A, Bourcier T, Lichtman A, Libby P: Chlamydial and human heat shock protein 60s activate human vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:571-577.
51. Asea A, Kraeft S-K, Kurt-Jones EA, Stevenson MA, Chen LB, Finberg RW, Koo GC, Calderwood SK: Hsp70 stimulates cytokine production through a CD14-dependent pathway, demonstrating its dual role as a chaperone and cytokine. Nature Med 2000;6:435-442.
52. Chen W, Syldath U, Bellmann K, Burkart V, Kold H: Human 60-kDa heat-shock protein: A danger signal to the innate immune system. J Immunol 1999;162:3212-3219.
53. Habich C, Kempe K, van der Zee R, Burkart V, Kolb H: Different heat shock protein 60 species share pro-inflammatory activity but not binding sites on macrophages. FEBS Lett 2003;533:105-109.
54. Bethke K, Staib F, Distler M, Schmitt U, Jonuleit H, Enk AH, Galle PR, Heike M: Different efficiency of heat shock proteins to activate human monocytes and dendritic cells: Superiority of HSP60. J Immunol 2002;169:6141-6148.
55. Flohé SB, Bruggemann J, Lendemans S, Nikulina M, Meierhoff G, Flohé S, Kolb H: Human heat shock protein 60 induces maturation of dendritic cells versus a Th1-promoting phenotype. J Immunol 2003;170:2340-2348.
56. Panjwani NN, Popova L, Srivastava PK: Heat shock proteins gp96 and hsp70 activate the release of nitric oxide by APCs. J Immunol 2002;168:2997-3003.
57. Vabulas RM, Braedel S, Hilf N, Singh-Jasuja H, Herter S, Ahmad-Nejad P, Kirschning CJ, Da Costa C, Rammensee HG, Wagner H, Schild H: The endoplasmic reticulum-resident heat shock protein Gp96 activates dendritic cells via the Toll-like receptor 2/4 pathway. J Biol Chem 2002;277:20847-20853.
58. Hilf N, Singh-Jasuja H, Schild H: The heat shock protein Gp96 links innate and specific immunity. Int J Hyperthermia 2002;18:521-533.
59. Zheng H, Dai J, Stoilova D, Li Z: Cell surface targetting of heat shock protein gp96 induces dendritic cell maturation and anti-tumour immunity. J Immunol 2001;167:6734-6735.
60. Reed RC, Berwin B, Baker JP, Nicchitta CV: GRP94/gp96 elicits ERK activation in murine macrophages. A role for endotoxin contamination in NF-kappa B activation and nitric oxide production. J Biol Chem 2003;278:31853-31860.
61. Wallin RPA, Lundqvist A, Moré SH, von Bonin A, Kiessling R, Ljunggren H-G: Heat-shock proteins as activators of the innate immune system. Trends Immunol 2002;23:130-135.
62. Gaston JSH: Heat shock proteins and innate immunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2002;127:1-3.
63. Gao B, Tsan MF: Endotoxin contamination in recombinant human Hsp70 preparation is responsible for the induction of TNFα release by murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2003;278:174-179.
64. Bausinger H, Lipsker D, Ziylan U, Manie S, Briand JP, Cazenave JP, Muller S, Haeuw JF, Ravanat C, de la Salle H, Hanau D: Endotoxin-free heat-shock protein 70 fails to induce APC activation. Eur J Immunol 2002;32:3708-3713.
65. Gao B, Tsan MF: Recombinant human heat shock protein 60 does not induce the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2003;278:22523-22529.
66. Birk OS, Gur SL, Elias D, Margalit R, Mor F, Carmi P, Bockova J, Altmann DM, Cohen IR: The 60-kDa heat shock protein modulates allograft rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:5159-5163.
67. Wang Y, Kelly CG, Singh M, McGowan EG, Carrara AS, Bergmeier LA, Lehner T: Stimulation of Th1-polarizing cytokines, C-C chemokines, maturation of dendritic cells, and adjuvant function by the peptide binding fragment of heat shock protein 70. J Immunol 2002;169:2422-2429.
68. Kaufmann SHE: Heat shock proteins and the immune response. Immunol Today 1990;11:129-136.
69. Young RA: Stress proteins and immunology. Ann Rev Immunol 1990;8:401-420.
70. Lamb JR, Bal V, Mendez-Samperio A, Mehlert A, So J, Rothbard JB, Jindal S, Young RA, Young DB: Stress proteins may provide a link between the immune response to infection and autoimmunity. Int Immunol 1989;1:191-196.
71. Duquesnoy RJ, Moliterno R: Role of heat shock protein immunity in transplantation; in van Eden W, Young DB (eds): Stress Proteins in Medicine. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1995, pp 327-343.
72. Duquesnoy RJ, Liu K, Fu X-F, Murase N, Ye Q, Demetris AJ: Evidence for heat shock protein immunity in a rat cardiac allograft model of chronic rejection. Transplantation 1999;67:156-164.
73. Moliterno R, Valdivia L, Pan F, Duquesnoy RJ: Heat shock protein reactivity of lymphocytes isolated from heterotopic rat cardiac allografts. Transplantation 1995;59:598-604.
74. Schett G, Xu Q, Amberger A, van der Zee R, Reiches H, Willeit J, Wick G: Autoantibodies against heat shock protein mediate endothelial cytotoxicity. J Clin Invest 1995;96:2569-2577.
75. Mayr M, Metzler B, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Scett G, Xu Q, Wick G: Endothelial cytotoxicity mediated by serum antibodies to heat shock proteins of Escherichia coli and Chlamydia pneumonia. Immune reactions to heat shock proteins as a possible link between infection and atherosclerosis. Circulation 1999;99:1560-1566.
76. Latif N, Rose ML, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ: Association of pretransplantation antiheart antibodies with clinical course after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:119-126.
77. Latif N, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ: Association of pre-transplant anti-heart antibodies against human heat shock protein 60 with clinical course following cardiac transplantation. Transplant Proc 1997;29:1039-1040.
78. Trieb K, Gerth R, Berger P, Margreiter R: Serum antibodies to heat shock proteins are of no diagnostic value for human kidney allograft rejection. Transpl Int 2000;13:46-48.
79. Pockley AG, Shepherd J, Corton J: Detection of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and anti-Hsp70 antibodies in the serum of normal individuals. Immunol Invest 1998;27:367-377.
80. Pockley AG, Bulmer J, Hanks BM, Wright BH: Identification of human heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) and anti-Hsp60 antibodies in the peripheral circulation of normal individuals. Cell Stress Chaperones 1999;4:29-35.
81. Pockley AG, Wu R, Lemne C, Kiessling R, de Faire U, Frostegård J: Circulating heat shock protein 60 is associated with early cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 2000;36:303-307.
82. Buhlin K, Gustafsson A, Pockley A, Frostegård J, Klinge B: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with periodontitis. Eur Heart J 2003;24:2099-2107.
83. Hightower LE, Guidon PT: Selective release from cultured mammalian cells of heat-shock (stress) proteins that resemble glia-axon transfer proteins. J Cell Physiol 1989;138:257-266.
84. Child DF, Williams CP, Jones RP, Hudson PR, Jones M, Smith CJ: Heat shock protein studies in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and human islet cell culture. Diabet Med 1995;12:595-599.
85. Bassan M, Zamostiano R, Giladi E, Davidson A, Wollman Y, Pitman J, Hauser J, Brenneman DE, Gozes I: The identification of secreted heat shock 60-like protein from rat glial cells and a human neuroblastoma cell line. Neurosci Lett 1998;250:37-40.
86. Liao D-F, Jin Z-G, Baas AS, Daum G, Gygi SP, Aebersold R, Berk BC: Purification and identification of secreted oxidative stress-induced factors from vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2000;275:189-196.
87. Xu Q, Schett G, Perschinka H, Mayr M, Egger G, Oberhollenzer F, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Wick G: Serum soluble heat shock protein 60 is elevated in subjects with atherosclerosis in a general population. Circulation 2000;102:14-20.
88. Rea IM, McNerlan S, Pockley AG: Serum heat shock protein and anti-heat shock protein antibody levels in aging. Exp Gerontol 2001;36:341-352.
89. Lewthwaite J, Owen N, Coates A, Henderson B, Steptoe A: Circulating human heat shock protein 60 in the plasma of British civil servants. Circulation 2002;106:196-201.
90. Pockley AG, de Faire U, Kiessling R, Lemne C, Thulin T, Frostegård J: Circulating heat shock protein and heat shock protein antibody levels in established hypertension. J Hypertens 2002;20:1815-1820.
91. van Eden W, van der Zee R, Paul AGA, Prakken BJ, Wendling U, Anderton SM, Wauben MHM: Do heat shock proteins control the balance of T-cell regulation in inflammatory diseases? Immunol Today 1998;19:303-307.
92. van den Broek MF, Hogervorst EJM, van Bruggen MCJ, van Eden W, van der Zee R, van den Berg W: Protection against streptococcal cell wall induced arthritis by pretreatment with the 65 kD heat shock protein. J Exp Med 1989;170:449-466.
93. Thompson SJ, Rook GAW, Brealey RJ, van der Zee R, Elson CJ: Autoimmune reactions to heat shock proteins in pristane induced arthritis. Eur J Immunol 1990;20:2479-2484.
94. Anderton SM, van der Zee R, Prakken B, Noordzij A, van Eden W: Activation of T cells recognizing self 60-kD heat shock protein can protect against experimental arthritis. J Exp Med 1995;181:943-952.
95. Anderton SM, van Eden W: T lymphocyte recognition of hsp60 in experimental arthritis; in van Eden W, Young D (eds): Stress Proteins in Medicine. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1996, pp 73-91.
96. Paul AGA, van Kooten PJS, van Eden W, van der Zee R: Highly autoproliferative T cells specific for 60-kDa heat shock protein produce IL-4/IL-10 and IFN-γ and are protective in adjuvant arthritis. J Immunol 2000;165:7270-7277.
97. Kingston AE, Hicks CA, Colston MJ, Billingham MEJ: A 71-kD heat shock protein (hsp) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has modulatory effects on experimental rat arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;103:77-82.
98. Tanaka S, Kimura Y, Mitani A, Yamamoto G, Nishimura H, Spallek R, Singh M, Noguchi T, Yoshikai Y: Activation of T cells recognizing an epitope of heat-shock protein 70 can protect against rat adjuvant arthritis. J Immunol 1999;163:5560-5565.
99. Wendling U, Paul L, van der Zee R, Prakken B, Singh M, van Eden W: A conserved mycobacterial heat shock protein (hsp) 70 sequence prevents adjuvant arthritis upon nasal administration and induces IL-10-producing T cells that cross-react with the mammalian self-hsp70 homologue. J Immunol 2000;164:2711-2717.
100. van Roon JAG, van Eden W, van Roy JLAM, Lafeber FJPG, Bijlsma JWJ: Stimulation of suppressive T cell responses by human but not bacterial 60-kD heat shock protein in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 1997;100:459-463.
101. Munk ME, Schoel B, Modrow S, Karr RW, Young RA, Kaufmann SHE: T lymphocytes from healthy individuals with specificity to self-epitopes shared by the mycobacterial and human 65-kilodalton heat shock protein. J Immunol 1989;143:2844-2849.
102. Cohen IR: Heat shock protein 60 and the regulation of autoimmunity; in van Eden W, Young DB (eds): Stress Proteins in Medicine. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1996, pp 93-102.
103. + T cell subsets according to their expression of CD45 isotypes. J Immunol 1999;162:704-710.
104. Macht LM, Elson CJ, Kirwan JR, Gaston JSH, Lamont AG, Thompson JM, Thompson SJ: Relationship between disease severity and responses by blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to human heat-shock protein 60. Immunology 2000;99:208-214.
105. Munro S, Pelham HR: An Hsp70-like protein in the ER: Identity with the 78 kd glucose-regulated protein and immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein. Cell 1986;46:291-300.
106. Corrigall VM, Bodman-Smith MD, Fife MS, Canas B, Myers LK, Wooley P, Soli C, Staines NA, Pappin DJ, Berlo SE, van Eden W, van der Zee R, Lanchbury JS, Panayi GS: The human endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone BiP is an autoantigen for rheumatoid arthritis and prevents the induction of experimental arthritis. J Immunol 2001;166:1492-1498.
107. + T cells from normal individuals. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003;42:637-644.