Tor2 directly phosphorylates the AGC kinase Ypk2 to regulate actin polarization

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Volumn 25, Issue 16, 2005, Pages 7239-7248

  Kamada, Yoshiaki ^a,b   Fujioka, Yuko ^c   Suzuki, Nobuo N ^c   Inagaki, Fuyuhiko ^c   Wullschleger, Stephan ^d   Loewith, Robbie ^d,e   Hall, Michael N ^d   Ohsumi, Yoshinori ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR BASIC BIOLOGY   (Japan)

^b JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY   (Japan)

^c HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^e UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; AGC KINASE YPK2; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE; PROTEIN PKC1; PROTEIN RHO1; PROTEIN TOR1; PROTEIN TOR2; PROTEIN TORC2; RHO FACTOR; TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CELL GROWTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOSKELETON; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; GENE EXPRESSION; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; LETHALITY; NONHUMAN; PLASMID; POLARIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN TARGETING; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

1-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; ACTINS; ALLELES; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CELL CYCLE PROTEINS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CYTOSKELETON; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, FUNGAL; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; MODELS, GENETIC; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MUTATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; PLASMIDS; POINT MUTATION; PROTEIN KINASES; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE PROTEINS; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TEMPERATURE;

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EID: 23344448223     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.25.16.7239-7248.2005     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Audhya, A., R. Loewith, A. B. Parsons, L. Gao, M. Tabuchi, H. Zhou, C. Boone, M. N. Hall, and S. D. Emr. 2004. Genome-wide lethality screen identifies new PI4,5P(2) effectors that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. EMBO J. 23:3747-3757.
2. 1 progression in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 7:25-42.
3. Casamayor, A., P. D. Torrance, T. Kobayashi, J. Thorner, and D. R. Alessi. 1999. Functional counterparts of mammalian protein kinases PDK1 and SGK in budding yeast. Curr. Biol. 9:186-197.
4. Chen, P., K. S. Lee, and D. E. Levin. 1993. A pair of putative protein kinase genes (YPK1 and YPK2) is required for cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 236:443-447.
5. Cherkasova, V. A., and A. G. Hinnebusch. 2003. Translational control by TOR and TAP42 through dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha kinase GCN2. Genes Dev. 17:859-872.
6. deHart, A. K., J. D. Schnell, D. A. Allen, and L. Hicke. 2002. The conserved Pkh-Ypk kinase cascade is required for endocytosis in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 156:241-248.
7. deHart, A. K., J. D. Schnell, D. A. Allen, J. Y. Tsai, and L. Hicke. 2003. Receptor internalization in yeast requires the Tor2-Rho1 signaling pathway. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:4676-4684.
8. Friant, S., R. Lombardi, T. Schmelzle, M. N. Hall, and H. Riezman. 2001. Sphingoid base signaling via Pkh kinases is required for endocytosis in yeast. EMBO J. 20:6783-6792.
9. Gelperin, D., L. Horton, A. DeChant, J. Hensold, and S. K. Lemmon. 2002. Loss of ypk1 function causes rapamycin sensitivity, inhibition of translation initiation and synthetic lethality in 14-3-3-deficient yeast. Genetics 161:1453-1464.
10. Giaever, G., A. M. Chu, L. Ni, C. Connelly, L. Riles, S. Veronneau, S. Dow, A. Lucau-Danila, K. Anderson, B. Andre, A. P. Arkin, A. Astromoff, M. El-Bakkoury, R. Bangham, R. Benito, S. Brachat, S. Campanaro, M. Curtiss, K. Davis, A. Deutschbauer, K. D. Entian, P. Flaherty, F. Foury, D. J. Garfinkel, M. Gerstein, D. Gotte, U. Guldener, J. H. Hegemann, S. Hempel, Z. Herman, D. F. Jaramillo, D. E. Kelly, S. L. Kelly, P. Kotter, D. LaBonte, D. C. Lamb, N. Lan, H. Liang, H. Liao, L. Liu, C. Luo, M. Lussier, R. Mao, P. Menard, S. L. Ooi, J. L. Revuelta, C. J. Roberts, M. Rose, P. Ross-Macdonald, B. Scherens, G. Schimmack, B. Shafer, D. D. Shoemaker, S. Sookhai-Mahadeo, R. K. Storms, J. N. Strathern, G. Valle, M. Voet, G. Vokkaert, C. Y. Wang, T. R. Ward, J. Wilhelmy, E. A. Winzeler, Y. Yang, G. Yen, E. Youngman, K. Yu, H. Bussey, J. D. Boeke, M. Snyder, P. Philippsen, R. W. Davis, and M. Johnston. 2002. Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Nature 418:387-391.
11. Hara, K., Y. Maruki, X. Long, K. Yoshino, N. Oshiro, S. Hidayat, C. Tokunaga, J. Avruch, and K. Yonezawa. 2002. Raptor, a binding partner of target of rapamycin (TOR), mediates TOR action. Cell 110:177-189.
12. Harris, T. E., and J. C. Lawrence, Jr. 2003. TOR signaling. Sci. STKE 2003:re15.
13. Helliwell, S. B., I. Howald, N. Barbet, and M. N. Hall. 1998. TOR2 is part of two related signaling pathways coordinating cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 148:99-112.
14. Hilti, N., D. Baumann, A. M. Schweingruber, P. Bigler, and M. E. Schweingruber. 1999. Gene ste20 controls amiloride sensitivity and fertility in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Curr. Genet. 35:585-592.
15. Inagaki, M., T. Schmelzle, K. Yamaguchi, K. Irie, M. N. Hall, and K. Matsumoto. 1999. PDK1 homologs activate the Pkc1-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in yeast. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:8344-8352.
16. Isotani, S., K. Hara, C. Tokunaga, H. Inoue, J. Avruch, and K. Yonezawa. 1999. Immunopurified mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylates and activates p70 S6 kinase alpha in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 274:34493-34498.
17. Jacinto, E., and M. N. Hall. 2003. Tor signalling in bugs, brain and brawn. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4:117-126.
18. Jiang, Y., and J. R. Broach. 1999. Tor proteins and protein phosphatase 2A reciprocally regulate Tap42 in controlling cell growth in yeast. EMBO J. 18:2782-2792.
19. Kaiser, C., S. Michaelis, A. Mitchell, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 1994. Methods in yeast genetics: a Cold Spring Harbor laboratory course manual, 1994 ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
20. Kamada, Y., T. Funakoshi, T. Shintani, K. Nagano, M. Ohsumi, and Y. Ohsumi. 2000. Tor-mediated induction of autophagy via an Apg1 protein kinase complex. J. Cell Biol. 150:1507-1513.
21. Kamada, Y., U. S. Jung, J. Piotrowski, and D. E. Levin. 1995. The protein kinase C-activated MAP kinase pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediates a novel aspect of the heat shock response. Genes Dev. 9:1559-1571.
22. Kawai, M., A. Nakashima, M. Ueno, T. Ushimaru, K. Aiba, H. Doi, and M. Uritani. 2001. Fission yeast tor1 functions in response to various stresses including nitrogen starvation, high osmolarity, and high temperature. Curr. Genet. 39:166-174.
23. Kim, D. H., D. D. Sarbassov, S. M. Ali, J. E. King, R. R. Latek, H. Erdjument-Bromage, P. Tempst, and D. M. Sabatini. 2002. mTOR interacts with raptor to form a nutrient-sensitive complex that signals to the cell growth machinery. Cell 110:163-175.
24. Krause, S. A., and J. V. Gray. 2002. The protein kinase C pathway is required for viability in quiescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Biol. 12:588-593.
25. Kubota, H., T. Obata, K. Ota, T. Sasaki, and T. Ito. 2003. Rapamycin-induced translational derepression of GCN4 mRNA involves a novel mechanism for activation of the eIF2 alpha kinase GCN2. J. Biol. Chem. 278:20457-20460.
26. Loewith, R., E. Jacinto, S. Wullschleger, A. Lorberg, J. L. Crespo, D. Bonenfant, W. Oppliger, P. Jenoe, and M. N. Hall. 2002. Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control. Mol. Cell 10:457-468.
27. Matsuo, T., Y. Kubo, Y. Watanabe, and M. Yamamoto. 2003. Schizosaccharomyces pombe AGC family kinase Gad8p forms a conserved signaling module with TOR and PDK1-like kinases. EMBO J. 22:3073-3083.
28. Mizushima, N., A. Yamamoto, M. Matsui, T. Yoshimori, and Y. Ohsumi. 2004. In vivo analysis of autophagy in response to nutrient starvation using transgenic mice expressing a fluorescent autophagosome marker. Mol. Biol. Cell 15:1101-1111.
29. Nojima, H., C. Tokunaga, S. Eguchi, N. Oshiro, S. Hidayat, K. Yoshino, K. Hara, N. Tanaka, J. Avruch, and K. Yonezawa. 2003. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) partner, raptor, binds the mTOR substrates p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 through their TOR signaling (TOS) motif. J. Biol. Chem. 278:15461-15464.
30. Powers, T., and P. Walter. 1999. Regulation of ribosome biogenesis by the rapamycin-sensitive TOR-signaling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 10:987-1000.
31. Roelants, F. M., P. D. Torrance, N. Bezman, and J. Thorner. 2002. Pkh1 and pkh2 differentially phosphorylate and activate ypk1 and ykr2 and define protein kinase modules required for maintenance of cell wall integrity. Mol. Biol. Cell 13:3005-3028.
32. Schalm, S. S., and J. Blenis. 2002. Identification of a conserved motif required for mTOR signaling. Curr. Biol. 12:632-639.
33. Schmelzle, T., S. B. Helliwell, and M. N. Hall. 2002. Yeast protein kinases and the RHO1 exchange factor TUS1 are novel components of the cell integrity pathway in yeast. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:1329-1339.
34. Schmidt, A., M. Bickle, T. Beck, and M. N. Hall. 1997. The yeast phosphatidylinositol kinase homolog TOR2 activates RHO1 and RHO2 via the exchange factor ROM2. Cell 88:531-542.
35. Schmidt, A., J. Kunz, and M. N. Hall. 1996. TOR2 is required for organization of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13780-13785.
36. Sun, Y., R. Taniguchi, D. Tanoue, T. Yamaji, H. Takematsu, K. Mori, T. Fujita, T. Kawasaki, and Y. Kozutsumi. 2000. SH2 (Ypk1), a homologue of mammalian protein kinase SGK, is a downstream kinase in the sphingolipid- mediated signaling pathway of yeast. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:4411-4419.
37. +, is required for the response to starvation and other stresses via a conserved serine. J. Biol. Chem. 276:7027-7032.
38. Wilkinson, M. G., T. S. Pino, S. Tournier, V. Buck, H. Martin, J. Christiansen, D. G. Wilkinson, and J. B. Millar. 1999. Sin1: an evolutionarily conserved component of the eukaryotic SAPK pathway. EMBO J. 18:4210-4221.