Fetal and perinatal programming of appetite

Clinical Science

Volumn 109, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-11

  Cripps, Roselle L ^a   Martin Gronert, Malgorzata S ^a   Ozanne, Susan E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Appetite; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Fetal programming; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Perinatal programming

Indexed keywords

CHOLECYSTOKININ; GASTROINTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE; GHRELIN; INSULIN; LEPTIN; PEPTIDE YY; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN;

APPETITE; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BREAST FEEDING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FETAL NUTRITION; FETUS; FETUS GROWTH; FOOD INTAKE; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTHALAMUS VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEUS; INCIDENCE; LACTATION; LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MATERNAL NUTRITION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MOUSE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; NUTRITION; OBESITY; PERINATAL NUTRITION; PERINATAL PERIOD; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

APPETITE REGULATION; BREAST FEEDING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMANS; INFANT NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; INFANT, NEWBORN; MODELS, ANIMAL; OBESITY; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 21744457297     PISSN: 01435221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/CS20040367     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. The World Health Report (2002) Reducing risks, promoting healthy life, pp. 1-177, World Health Organization Sadag, France
2. Finer, N. (2003) Obesity. Clin. Med. 3, 23-27
3. Rocchini, A. P. (2002) Childhood obesity and a diabetes epidemic. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 854-855
4. Hales, C. N., Barker, D. J. P., Clark, P. M. S. et al. (1991) Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 years. Br. Med J. 303, 1019-1022
5. Barker, D. J. P., Hales, C. N., Fall, C. H. D., Osmond, C., Phipps, K. and Clark, P. M. S. (1993) Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth. Diabetologia 36, 62-67
6. Barker, D. J. and Osmond, C. (1988) Low birth weight and hypertension. Br. Med. J. 297, 134-135
7. Laitinen, J., Pietilainen, K., Wadsworth, M., Sovio, U. and Jarvelin, M. R. (2004) Predictors of abdominal obesity among 31 yr old men and women born in Northern Finland in 1966. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 58, 180-190
8. Ravelli, G. P., Stein, Z. A. and Susser, M. W. (1976) Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 295, 349-353
9. Kermack, W. O., McKendrick, A. G. and McKinlay, P. L. (1934) Death-rates in Great Britain and Sweden. Lancet, i, 698-703
10. Forsdahl, A. (1979) Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 31, 91-95
11. Barker, D. J., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D. and Wadsworth, M. E. (1989) Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Br. Med. J. 298, 564-567
12. Barker, D. J., Bull, A. R., Osmond, C. and Simmonds, S. J. (1990) Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life. Br. Med. J. 301, 259-262
13. Rahier, J., Wallon, J. and Henquin, J. C. (1981) Cell populations of the endocrine pancreas of human neonates and infants. Diabetologia 20, 540-546
14. Snoeck, A., Remacle, C., Reusens, B. and Hoet, J. J. (1990) Effect of a low protein diet during pregnancy on the fetal rat endocrine pancreas. Biol. Neonate 57, 107-118
15. Dahri, S., Snoeck, A., Reusens-Billen, B., Remacle, C. and Hoet, J. J. (1991) Islet function in offspring of mothers on low-protein diet during gestation. Diabetes 40, 155-120
16. Brenner, B. M., Garcia, D. L. and Anderson, S. (1988) Glomeruli and blood pressure. Less of one, more of the other? Am. J. Hypertens. 1, 335-347
17. Leon, D. A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H. O. et al. (1996) Failure to realize growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men. Br. Med. J. 312, 401-406
18. Forsen, T., Eriksson, J., Tuomilehto, J., Reunanen, A., Osmond, C. and Barker, D. (2000) The fetal and childhood growth of persons who develop type 2 diabetes. Ann. Intern. Med. 133, 176-182
19. Ozanne, S. E. and Hales, C. N. (2004) Lifespan: catch-up growth and obesity in male mice. Nature (London) 427, 411-412
20. Hales, C. N. and Barker, D. J. P. (1992) Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia 35, 595-601
21. King, H. and Rewers, M. (1993) Global estimates for prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. WHO Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting Group. Diabetes Care 16, 157-177
22. Bennett, P. H. (1971) Diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians. Lancet ii, 488-489
23. West, K. M. (1974) Diabetes in American Indians and other native populations of the new world. Diabetes 23, 841-855
24. Ravussin, E., Valencia, M. E., Esparza, J., Bennett, P. H. and Schulz, L. O. (1994) Effects of a traditional lifestyle on obesity in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 17, 1067-1074
25. Hattersley, A. T. and Tooke, J. E. (1999) The fetal insulin hypothesis: an alternative explanation of the association of low birthweight with diabetes and vascular disease. Lancet 353, 1789-1792
26. Hattersley, A. T., Beards, F., Ballantyne, E., Appleton, M., Harvey, R. and Ellard, S. (1998) Mutations in the glucokinase gene of the fetus result in reduced birth weight. Nat. Genet. 19, 268-270
27. Eriksson, J. G., Lindi, V., Uusitupa, M. et al. (2002) The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin metabolism interact with size at birth. Diabetes 51, 2321-2324
28. Eriksson, J., Lindi, V., Uusitupa, M. et al. (2003) The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ-2 gene on lipid metabolism interact with body size at birth. Clin. Genet. 64, 366-370
29. Baura, G. D., Foster, D. M., Porte, Jr, D. et al. (1993) Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain. J. Clin. Invest. 92, 1824-1830
30. Foster, L. A., Ames, N. K. and Emery, R. S. (1991) Food intake and serum insulin responses to intraventricular infusions of insulin and IGF-I. Physiol. Behav. 50, 745-749
31. Henry, R. R., Gumbiner, B., Ditzler, T., Wallace, P., Lyon, R. and Glauber, H. S. (1993) Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes. Metabolic effects during a 6-mo outpatient trial. Diabetes Care 16, 21-31
32. Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L. and Friedman, J. M. (1994) Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature (London) 372, 425-432
33. Rentsch, J., Levens, N. and Chiesi, M. (1995) Recombinant ob-gene product reduces food intake in fasted mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 214, 131-136
34. Pelleymounter, M. A., Cullen, M. J., Baker, M. B. et al. (1995) Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 269, 540-543
35. Liuzzi, A., Savia, G., Tagliaferri, M. et al. (1999) Serum leptin concentration in moderate and severe obesity: relationship with clinical, anthropometric and metabolic factors. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 23, 1066-1067
36. Seeley, R. J., van Dijk, G., Campfield, L. A. et al. (1996) Intraventricular leptin reduces food intake and body weight of lean rats but not obese Zucker rats. Horm. Metab. Res. 28, 664-668
37. Banks, W. A., Kastin, A. J., Huang, W., Jaspan, J. B. and Maness, L. M. (1996) Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin. Peptides 17, 305-311
38. Beck, B. (2000) Neuropeptides and obesity. Nutrition 16, 916-923
39. Farooqi, I. S., Keogh, J. M., Kamath, S. et al. (2001) Partial leptin deficiency and human adiposity. Nature (London) 414, 34-35
40. Trayhurn, P., Thomas, M. E., Duncan, J. S. and Rayner, D. V. (1995) Effects of fasting and refeeding on ob gene expression in white adipose tissue of lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. FEES Lett. 368, 488-490
41. Lukaszewski, L. and Praissman, M. (1988) Effect of continuous infusions of CCK-8 on food intake and body and pancreatic weights in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 254, R17-R22
42. Havel, P. J. (2001) Peripheral signals conveying metabolic information to the brain: short-term and long-term regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Exp. Biol. Med. 226, 963-977
43. Shimbara, T., Mondal, M. S., Kawagoe, T. et al. (2004) Central administration of ghrelin preferentially enhances fat ingestion. Neurosci. Lett. 369, 75-79
44. Ariyasu, H., Takaya, K., Tagami, T. et al. (2001) Stomach is a major source of circulating ghrelin, and feeding state determines plasma ghrelin-like immunoreactivity levels in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 4753-4758
45. Wren, A. M., Small, C. J., Abbott, C. R. et al. (2001) Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Diabetes 50, 2540-2547
46. Doggrell, S. A. (2004) Can food intake be reduced with peptide YY3-Y36? Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs 13, 285-287
47. Peruzzo, B., Pastor, F. E., Blazquez, J. L. et al. (2000) A second look at the barriers or the medial basal hypothalamus. Exp. Brain Res. 132, 10-26
48. Schwartz, M. W., Woods, S. C., Porte, Jr, D., Seeley, R. J. and Baskin, D. G. (2000) Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature (London) 404, 661-671
49. Bouret, S. G., Draper, S. J. and Simerly, R. B. (2004) Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding. Science 304, 108-110
50. Cheung, C. C., Clifton, D. K. and Steiner, R. A. (1997) Proopiomelanocortin neurons are direct targets for leptin in the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 138, 4489-4492
51. Cowley, M. A., Smart, J. L., Rubinstein, M. et al. (2001) Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus. Nature (London) 411, 480-484
52. Satoh, N., Ogawa, Y., Katsuura, G. et al. (1998) Satiety effect and sympathetic activation of leptin are mediated by hypothalamic melanocortin system. Neurosci. Lett. 249, 107-110
53. Fan, W., Dinulescu, D. M., Butler, A. A., Zhou, J., Marks, D. L. and Cone, R. D. (2000) The central melanocortin system can directly regulate serum insulin levels. Endocrinology 141, 3072-3079
54. Yeo, G. S. H., Farooqi, I. S., Aminian, S., Halsall, D. J., Stanhope, R. G. and O'Rahilly, S. (1998) A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity. Nat. Genet. 20, 111-112
55. Huszar, D., Lynch, C. A., Fairchild-Huntress, V. et al. (1997) Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice. Cell 88, 131-141
56. Gautvik, K. M., de Lecea, L., Gautvik, V. T. et al. (1996) Overview of the most prevalent hypothalamus-specific mRNAs, as identified by directional tag PCR subtraction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 8733-8738
57. Kristensen, P., Judge, M. E., Thim, L. et al. (1998) Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin. Nature (London) 393, 72-76
58. Larsen, P. J., Vrang, N., Petersen, P. C. and Kristensen, P. (2000) Chronic intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant CART(42-89) peptide inhibits and causes weight loss in lean and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Obes. Res. 8, 590-596
59. Klebig, M. L., Wilkinson, J. E., Geisler, J. G. and Woychik, R. P. (1995) Ectopic expression of the agouti gene in transgenic mice causes obesity, features of type II diabetes, and yellow fur. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 4728-4732
60. Ollmann, M. M., Wilson, B. D., Yang, Y. K. et al. (1997) Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein. Science 278, 135-138
61. Small, C. J., Kim, M. S., Stanley, S. A. et al. (2001) Effects of chronic central nervous system administration of agouti-related protein in pair-fed animals. Diabetes 50, 248-254
62. Mercer, J. G., Hoggard, N., Williams, L. M. et al. (1996) Coexpression of leptin receptor and preproneuropeptide Y mRNA in arcuate nucleus of mouse hypothalamus. J. Neuroendocrinol. 8, 733-735
63. McLaughlin, C. L., Tou, J. S., Rogan, G. J. and Baile, C. A. (1991) Full amino acid sequence of centrally administered NPY required for maximal food intake response. Physiol. Behav. 49, 521-526
64. Schwartz, M. W., Sipols, A. J., Grubin, C. E. and Baskin, D. G. (1993) Differential effect of fasting on hypothalamic expression of genes encoding neuropeptide Y, galanin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase. Brain Res. Bull. 31, 361-367
65. Wilding, J. P., Gilbey, S. G., Bailey, C. J. et al. (1993) Increased neuropeptide-Y messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and decreased neurotensin mRNA in the hypothalamus of the obese (ob/ob) mouse. Endocrinology 132, 1939-1944
66. Sahu, A. (1998) Evidence suggesting that galanin (GAL), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neurotensin (NT), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are targets of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 139, 795-798
67. Schwartz, M. W., Sipols, A. J., Marks, J. L. et al. (1992) Inhibition of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression by insulin. Endocrinology 130, 3608-3616
68. Leibowitz, S. F. and Alexander, J. T. (1991) Analysis of neuropeptide Y-induced feeding: dissociation of Y1 and Y2 receptor effects on natural meal patterns. Peptides 12, 1251-1260
69. Gerald, C., Walker, M. W., Crison L. et al. (1996) A receptor subtype involved in neuropeptide-Y-induced food intake. Nature (London) 382, 168-171
70. Blundell, J. E., Stubbs, R. J., Hughes, D. A., Whybrow, S. and King, N. A. (2003) Cross talk between physical activity and appetite control: does physical activity stimulate appetite? Proc. Nutr. Soc. 62, 651-661
71. King, N. A., Burley, V. J. and Blundell, J. E. (1994) Exercise-induced suppression of appetite: effects on food intake and implications for energy balance. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 48, 715-724
72. Stubbs, R. J., Sepp, A., Hughes, D. A. et al. (2002) The effect of graded levels of exercise on energy intake and balance in free-living women. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 26, 866-869
73. Stubbs, R. J., Hughes, D. A., Johnstone, A. M., Horgan, G. W., King, N. and Blundell, J. E. (2003) A decrease in physical activity affects appetite, energy, and nutrient balance in lean men feeding ad libitum. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 62-69
74. Gale, C. R., Martyn, C. N., Kellingray, S., Eastell, R. and Cooper, C. (2001) Intrauterine programming of adult body composition. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 267-272
75. Ravelli, A. C., van Der Meulen, J. H., Osmond, C., Barker, D. J. and Bleker, O. P. (1999) Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 811-816
76. Ounsted, M. and Sleigh, G. (1975) The infant's self-regulation of food intake and weight gain. Difference in metabolic balance after growth constraint or acceleration in utero. Lancet i, 1393-1397
77. von Kries, R., Koletzko, B., Sauerwald, T. et al. (1999) Breast feeding and obesity: cross sectional study Br. Med. J. 319, 147-150
78. Heinig, M. J., Nommsen, L. A., Peerson, J. M., Lonnerdal, B. and Dewey, K. G. (1993) Energy and protein intakes of breast-fed and formula-fed infants during the first year of life and their association with growth velocity: the DARLING Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58, 152-161
79. Bogen, D. L., Hanusa, B. H. and Whitaker, R. C. (2004) The effect of breast-feeding with and without formula use on the risk of obesity at 4 years of age. Obes. Res. 12, 1527-1535
80. Ahima, R. S., Prabakaran, D. and Flier, J. S. (1998) Postnatal leptin surge and regulation of circadian rhythm of leptin by feeding. Implications for energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 1020-1027
81. Proulx, K., Richard, D. and Walker, C. D. (2002) Leptin regulates appetite-related neuropeptides in the hypothalamus of developing rats without affecting food intake. Endocrinology 143, 4683-4692
82. Mistry, A. M., Swick, A. G. and Romsos, D. R. (1997) Leptin rapidly lowers food intake and elevates metabolic rates in lean and ob/ob mice. J. Nutr. 127, 2065-2072
83. Mistry, A. M., Swick, A. and Romsos, D. R. (1999) Leptin alters metabolic rates before acquisition of its anorectic effect in developing neonatal mice. Am. J. Physiol. 277, R742-R747
84. Ong, K. K., Ahmed, M. L., Emmett, P. M., Preece, M. A. and Dunger, D. B. (2000) Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study. Br. Med. J. 320, 967-971
85. Oscai, L. B. and McGarr, J. A. (1978) Evidence that the amount of food consumed in early life fixes appetite in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 235, R141-R144
86. Davidowa, H., Li, Y. and Plagemann, A. (2003) Altered neuronal responses to feeding-relevant peptides as sign of developmental plasticity in the hypothalamic regulatory system of body weight. Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deiat. im I. P. Pavlova 53, 663-670
87. Ozanne, S. E., Lewis, R., Jennings, B. J. and Hales, C. N. (2004) Early programming of weight gain in mice prevents the induction of obesity by a highly palatable diet. Clin. Sci. 106, 141-145
88. Desai, M., Gayle, D., Babu, J. and Ross, M. G. (2005) Programmed obesity in intrauterine growth restricted newborns: modulation by newborn nutrition. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 288, R91-R96
89. Vickers, M. H., Breier, B. H., Cutfield, W. S., Hofman, P. L. and Gluckman, P. D. (2000) Fetal origins of hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension and postnatal amplification by hypercaloric nutrition. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279, E83-E87
90. Bellinger, L., Lilley, C. and Langley-Evans, S. C. (2004) Prenatal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet programmes a preference for high-fat foods in the young adult rat. Br. J. Nutr. 92, 513-520
91. Pirola, L., Johnston, A. M. and Van Obberghen, E. (2004) Modulation of insulin action. Diabetologia 47, 170-184
92. Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Shepherd, P. R., Prins, J. and Smith, G. D. (1997) Poor fetal nutrition causes long term changes in expression of insulin signalling components in adipocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 273, E46-E51
93. Okada, T., Kawano, Y., Sakakibara, T., Hazeki, O. and Ui, M. (1994) Essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in insulin-induced glucose transport and antilipolysis in rat adipocytes. Studies with a selective inhibitor wortmannin. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3568-3573
94. Weaver, I. C., Cervoni, N., Champagne, F. A. et al. (2004) Epigenetic programming by maternal behaviour. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 847-854
95. Vickers, M. H., Breier, B. H., McCarthy, D. and Gluckman, P. D. (2003) Sedentary behavior during postnatal life is determined by the prenatal environment and exacerbated by postnatal hypercaloric nutrition. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 285, R271-R273