메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 134, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 17-25

Variant antigen expression in malaria infections: Posttranscriptional gene silencing, virulence and severe pathology

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD36 ANTIGEN; GENE PRODUCT; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PARASITE ANTIBODY; PARASITE ANTIGEN;

EID: 1642472718     PISSN: 01666851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.09.013     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0032560859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental selection of var gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Chen Q., Fernandez V., Sundstrom A.et al. Developmental selection of var gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 394:1998;392-395.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 392-395
    • Chen, Q.1    Fernandez, V.2    Sundstrom, A.3
  • 2
    • 0032530397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation in malaria: In situ switching, relaxed and mutually exclusive transcription of var genes during intra-erythrocytic development in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Scherf A., Hernandez-Rivas R., Buffet P.et al. Antigenic variation in malaria: in situ switching, relaxed and mutually exclusive transcription of var genes during intra-erythrocytic development in Plasmodium falciparum. Embo J. 17:1998;5418-5426.
    • (1998) Embo J. , vol.17 , pp. 5418-5426
    • Scherf, A.1    Hernandez-Rivas, R.2    Buffet, P.3
  • 3
    • 0035974802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaria. Cooperative silencing elements in var genes
    • Deitsch K.W., Calderwood M.S., Wellems T.E. Malaria. Cooperative silencing elements in var genes. Nature. 412:2001;875-876.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 875-876
    • Deitsch, K.W.1    Calderwood, M.S.2    Wellems, T.E.3
  • 5
    • 0034993512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple var gene transcripts are expressed in Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes selected for adhesion
    • Noviyanti R., Brown G.V., Wickham M.E., Duffy M.F., Cowman A.F., Reeder J.C. Multiple var gene transcripts are expressed in Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes selected for adhesion. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 114:2001;227-237.
    • (2001) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.114 , pp. 227-237
    • Noviyanti, R.1    Brown, G.V.2    Wickham, M.E.3    Duffy, M.F.4    Cowman, A.F.5    Reeder, J.C.6
  • 6
    • 0034654231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic distribution and functional characterisation of two distinct and conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene 5′ flanking sequences
    • Voss T.S., Thompson J.K., Waterkeyn J.et al. Genomic distribution and functional characterisation of two distinct and conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene 5′ flanking sequences. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 107:2000;103-115.
    • (2000) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.107 , pp. 103-115
    • Voss, T.S.1    Thompson, J.K.2    Waterkeyn, J.3
  • 7
    • 0036227659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription of multiple var genes by individual, trophozoite-stage Plasmodium falciparum cells expressing a chondroitin sulphate a binding phenotype
    • Duffy M.F., Brown G.V., Basuki W.et al. Transcription of multiple var genes by individual, trophozoite-stage Plasmodium falciparum cells expressing a chondroitin sulphate A binding phenotype. Mol. Microbiol. 43:2002;1285-1293.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 1285-1293
    • Duffy, M.F.1    Brown, G.V.2    Basuki, W.3
  • 8
    • 0036678157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High diversity and rapid changeover of expressed var genes during the acute phase of Plasmodium falciparum infections in human volunteers
    • Peters J., Fowler E., Gatton M., Chen N., Saul A., Cheng Q. High diversity and rapid changeover of expressed var genes during the acute phase of Plasmodium falciparum infections in human volunteers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;10689-10694.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 10689-10694
    • Peters, J.1    Fowler, E.2    Gatton, M.3    Chen, N.4    Saul, A.5    Cheng, Q.6
  • 9
    • 0036804486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three multigene families in Plasmodium parasites: Facts and questions
    • Mercereau-Puijalon O., Barale J.C., Bischoff E. Three multigene families in Plasmodium parasites: facts and questions. Int. J. Parasitol. 32:2002;1323-1344.
    • (2002) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.32 , pp. 1323-1344
    • Mercereau-Puijalon, O.1    Barale, J.C.2    Bischoff, E.3
  • 10
    • 0344837693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum: Censoring freedom of expression?
    • Duffy M.F., Reeder J.C., Brown G.V. Regulation of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum: censoring freedom of expression? Trends Parasitol. 19:2003;121-124.
    • (2003) Trends Parasitol. , vol.19 , pp. 121-124
    • Duffy, M.F.1    Reeder, J.C.2    Brown, G.V.3
  • 11
    • 0037417215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 3D7var5.2 (var(COMMON)) type var gene family is commonly expressed in non-placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    • Winter G., Chen Q., Flick K., Kremsner P., Fernandez V., Wahlgren M. The 3D7var5.2 (var(COMMON)) type var gene family is commonly expressed in non-placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 127:2003;179-191.
    • (2003) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.127 , pp. 179-191
    • Winter, G.1    Chen, Q.2    Flick, K.3    Kremsner, P.4    Fernandez, V.5    Wahlgren, M.6
  • 12
    • 84883487328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaviratne M, Fernandez V, Jarra W, et al. Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum and other Plasmodium species. In: Antigenic Variation, editors: Craig A. and Scherf A. Oxford: Elsevier.
    • Kaviratne M, Fernandez V, Jarra W, et al. Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum and other Plasmodium species. In: Antigenic Variation, editors: Craig A. and Scherf A. Oxford: Elsevier.
  • 13
    • 0038797827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten families of variant genes encoded in subtelomeric regions of multiple chromosomes of Plasmodium chabaudi, a malaria species that undergoes antigenic variation in the laboratory mouse
    • Fischer K., Chavchich M., Huestis R., Wilson D.W., Kemp D.J., Saul A. Ten families of variant genes encoded in subtelomeric regions of multiple chromosomes of Plasmodium chabaudi, a malaria species that undergoes antigenic variation in the laboratory mouse. Mol. Microbiol. 48:2003;1209-1223.
    • (2003) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.48 , pp. 1209-1223
    • Fischer, K.1    Chavchich, M.2    Huestis, R.3    Wilson, D.W.4    Kemp, D.J.5    Saul, A.6
  • 14
    • 0013854204 scopus 로고
    • Immunity to malaria: Antigenic variation in chronic infections of Plasmodium knowlesi
    • Brown K.N., Brown I.N. Immunity to malaria: antigenic variation in chronic infections of Plasmodium knowlesi. Nature. 208:1965;1286-1288.
    • (1965) Nature , vol.208 , pp. 1286-1288
    • Brown, K.N.1    Brown, I.N.2
  • 15
    • 0015893219 scopus 로고
    • Antibody induced variation in malaria parasites
    • Brown K.N. Antibody induced variation in malaria parasites. Nature. 242:1973;49-50.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.242 , pp. 49-50
    • Brown, K.N.1
  • 16
    • 0014240942 scopus 로고
    • Immunity to malaria: The antibody response to antigenic variation by Plasmodium knowlesi
    • Brown I.N., Brown K.N., Hills L.A. Immunity to malaria: the antibody response to antigenic variation by Plasmodium knowlesi. Immunology. 14:1968;127-138.
    • (1968) Immunology , vol.14 , pp. 127-138
    • Brown, I.N.1    Brown, K.N.2    Hills, L.A.3
  • 17
    • 85025410838 scopus 로고
    • The agglutination of Plasmodium knowlesi by immune serum
    • Eaton M.C. The agglutination of Plasmodium knowlesi by immune serum. J. Exp. Med. 67:1938;857-866.
    • (1938) J. Exp. Med , vol.67 , pp. 857-866
    • Eaton, M.C.1
  • 18
    • 0021164292 scopus 로고
    • Protein antigens of Plasmodium knowlesi clones of different variant antigen phenotype
    • Howard R.J., Kao V., Barnwell J.W. Protein antigens of Plasmodium knowlesi clones of different variant antigen phenotype. Parasitology. 88:1984;221-237.
    • (1984) Parasitology , vol.88 , pp. 221-237
    • Howard, R.J.1    Kao, V.2    Barnwell, J.W.3
  • 19
    • 0021176106 scopus 로고
    • Solubilization and immunoprecipitation of 125I-labelled antigens from Plasmodium knowlesi schizont-infected erythrocytes using non-ionic, anionic and zwitterionic detergents
    • Howard R.J., Barnwell J.W. Solubilization and immunoprecipitation of 125I-labelled antigens from Plasmodium knowlesi schizont-infected erythrocytes using non-ionic, anionic and zwitterionic detergents. Parasitology. 88:1984;27-36.
    • (1984) Parasitology , vol.88 , pp. 27-36
    • Howard, R.J.1    Barnwell, J.W.2
  • 20
    • 0022382422 scopus 로고
    • Immunochemical analysis of surface membrane antigens on erythrocytes infected with non-cloned SICA[+] or cloned SICA[-] Plasmodium knowlesi
    • Howard R.J., Barnwell J.W. Immunochemical analysis of surface membrane antigens on erythrocytes infected with non-cloned SICA[+] or cloned SICA[-] Plasmodium knowlesi. Parasitology. 91:1985;245-261.
    • (1985) Parasitology , vol.91 , pp. 245-261
    • Howard, R.J.1    Barnwell, J.W.2
  • 21
    • 0020787171 scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: Identification of the variant antigen on infected erythrocytes
    • Howard R.J., Barnwell J.W., Kao V. Antigenic variation of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: identification of the variant antigen on infected erythrocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:1983;4129-4133.
    • (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.80 , pp. 4129-4133
    • Howard, R.J.1    Barnwell, J.W.2    Kao, V.3
  • 22
    • 0020673783 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the spleen on the expression of surface antigens on parasitized erythrocytes
    • Barnwell J.W., Howard R.J., Miller L.H. Influence of the spleen on the expression of surface antigens on parasitized erythrocytes. Ciba Found Symp. 94:1983;117-136.
    • (1983) Ciba Found Symp , vol.94 , pp. 117-136
    • Barnwell, J.W.1    Howard, R.J.2    Miller, L.H.3
  • 23
    • 0032583111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stevor and rif are Plasmodium falciparum multicopy gene families which potentially encode variant antigens
    • Cheng Q., Cloonan N., Fischer K.et al. Stevor and rif are Plasmodium falciparum multicopy gene families which potentially encode variant antigens. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 97:1998;161-176.
    • (1998) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.97 , pp. 161-176
    • Cheng, Q.1    Cloonan, N.2    Fischer, K.3
  • 24
    • 0035848907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A superfamily of variant genes encoded in the subtelomeric region of Plasmodium vivax
    • del Portillo H.A., Fernandez-Becerra C., Bowman S.et al. A superfamily of variant genes encoded in the subtelomeric region of Plasmodium vivax. Nature. 410:2001;839-842.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 839-842
    • Del Portillo, H.A.1    Fernandez-Becerra, C.2    Bowman, S.3
  • 25
    • 41049085733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large gene family for putative variant antigens shared by human and rodent malaria parasites
    • Janssen C.S., Barrett M.P., Turner C.M., Phillips R.S. A large gene family for putative variant antigens shared by human and rodent malaria parasites. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 269:2002;431-436.
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. , vol.269 , pp. 431-436
    • Janssen, C.S.1    Barrett, M.P.2    Turner, C.M.3    Phillips, R.S.4
  • 26
    • 0020576201 scopus 로고
    • Splenic requirement for antigenic variation and expression of the variant antigen on the erythrocyte membrane in cloned Plasmodium knowlesi malaria
    • Barnwell J.W., Howard R.J., Coon H.G., Miller L.H. Splenic requirement for antigenic variation and expression of the variant antigen on the erythrocyte membrane in cloned Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Infect. Immun. 40:1983;985-994.
    • (1983) Infect. Immun. , vol.40 , pp. 985-994
    • Barnwell, J.W.1    Howard, R.J.2    Coon, H.G.3    Miller, L.H.4
  • 27
    • 0020062832 scopus 로고
    • Altered expression of Plasmodium knowlesi variant antigen on the erythrocyte membrane in splenectomized rhesus monkeys
    • Barnwell J.W., Howard R.J., Miller L.H. Altered expression of Plasmodium knowlesi variant antigen on the erythrocyte membrane in splenectomized rhesus monkeys. J. Immunol. 128:1982;224-226.
    • (1982) J. Immunol. , vol.128 , pp. 224-226
    • Barnwell, J.W.1    Howard, R.J.2    Miller, L.H.3
  • 28
  • 29
    • 0036153919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium knowlesi provides a rapid in vitro and in vivo transfection system that enables double-crossover gene knockout studies
    • Kocken C.H., Ozwara H., van der Wel A., Beetsma A.L., Mwenda J.M., Thomas A.W. Plasmodium knowlesi provides a rapid in vitro and in vivo transfection system that enables double-crossover gene knockout studies. Infect. Immun. 70:2002;655-660.
    • (2002) Infect. Immun. , vol.70 , pp. 655-660
    • Kocken, C.H.1    Ozwara, H.2    Van Der Wel, A.3    Beetsma, A.L.4    Mwenda, J.M.5    Thomas, A.W.6
  • 30
    • 0021264123 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a strain-specific malarial antigen exposed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes
    • Leech J.H., Barnwell J.W., Miller L.H., Howard R.J. Identification of a strain-specific malarial antigen exposed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. J. Exp. Med. 159:1984;1567-1575.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Med. , vol.159 , pp. 1567-1575
    • Leech, J.H.1    Barnwell, J.W.2    Miller, L.H.3    Howard, R.J.4
  • 31
    • 0023928580 scopus 로고
    • Two approximately 300 kilodalton Plasmodium falciparum proteins at the surface membrane of infected erythrocytes
    • Howard R.J., Barnwell J.W., Rock E.P.et al. Two approximately 300 kilodalton Plasmodium falciparum proteins at the surface membrane of infected erythrocytes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 27:1988;207-223.
    • (1988) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.27 , pp. 207-223
    • Howard, R.J.1    Barnwell, J.W.2    Rock, E.P.3
  • 32
    • 0022637057 scopus 로고
    • Antigens induced on erythrocytes by P. falciparum: Expression of diverse and conserved determinants
    • Marsh K., Howard R.J. Antigens induced on erythrocytes by P. falciparum: expression of diverse and conserved determinants. Science. 231:1986;150-153.
    • (1986) Science , vol.231 , pp. 150-153
    • Marsh, K.1    Howard, R.J.2
  • 33
    • 0024349561 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambians and their relation to protection against infection
    • Marsh K., Otoo L., Hayes R.J., Carson D.C., Greenwood B.M. Antibodies to blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambians and their relation to protection against infection. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83:1989;293-303.
    • (1989) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.83 , pp. 293-303
    • Marsh, K.1    Otoo, L.2    Hayes, R.J.3    Carson, D.C.4    Greenwood, B.M.5
  • 34
    • 0020607507 scopus 로고
    • Parasite sequestration in Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Spleen and antibody modulation of cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes
    • David P.H., Hommel M., Miller L.H., Udeinya I.J., Oligino L.D. Parasite sequestration in Plasmodium falciparum malaria: spleen and antibody modulation of cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:1983;5075-5079.
    • (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.80 , pp. 5075-5079
    • David, P.H.1    Hommel, M.2    Miller, L.H.3    Udeinya, I.J.4    Oligino, L.D.5
  • 35
    • 0020582263 scopus 로고
    • Surface alterations of erythrocytes in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antigenic variation, antigenic diversity, and the role of the spleen
    • Hommel M., David P.H., Oligino L.D. Surface alterations of erythrocytes in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antigenic variation, antigenic diversity, and the role of the spleen. J. Exp. Med. 157:1983;1137-1148.
    • (1983) J. Exp. Med. , vol.157 , pp. 1137-1148
    • Hommel, M.1    David, P.H.2    Oligino, L.D.3
  • 36
    • 0023179802 scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation of cloned Plasmodium fragile in its natural host Macaca sinica. Sequential appearance of successive variant antigenic types
    • Handunnetti S.M., Mendis K.N., David P.H. Antigenic variation of cloned Plasmodium fragile in its natural host Macaca sinica. Sequential appearance of successive variant antigenic types. J. Exp. Med. 165:1987;1269-1283.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Med. , vol.165 , pp. 1269-1283
    • Handunnetti, S.M.1    Mendis, K.N.2    David, P.H.3
  • 38
    • 0026717246 scopus 로고
    • Rapid switching to multiple antigenic and adhesive phenotypes in malaria
    • Roberts D.J., Craig A.G., Berendt A.R.et al. Rapid switching to multiple antigenic and adhesive phenotypes in malaria. Nature. 357:1992;689-692.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 689-692
    • Roberts, D.J.1    Craig, A.G.2    Berendt, A.R.3
  • 39
    • 0029052741 scopus 로고
    • Cloning the P. falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitized human erythrocytes
    • Baruch D.I., Pasloske B.L., Singh H.B.et al. Cloning the P. falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitized human erythrocytes. Cell. 82:1995;77-87.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 77-87
    • Baruch, D.I.1    Pasloske, B.L.2    Singh, H.B.3
  • 40
    • 0029070914 scopus 로고
    • The large diverse gene family var encodes proteins involved in cytoadherence and antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes
    • Su X.Z., Heatwole V.M., Wertheimer S.P.et al. The large diverse gene family var encodes proteins involved in cytoadherence and antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Cell. 82:1995;89-100.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 89-100
    • Su, X.Z.1    Heatwole, V.M.2    Wertheimer, S.P.3
  • 41
    • 0028982168 scopus 로고
    • Switches in expression of Plasmodium falciparum var genes correlate with changes in antigenic and cytoadherent phenotypes of infected erythrocytes
    • Smith J.D., Chitnis C.E., Craig A.G.et al. Switches in expression of Plasmodium falciparum var genes correlate with changes in antigenic and cytoadherent phenotypes of infected erythrocytes. Cell. 82:1995;101-110.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 101-110
    • Smith, J.D.1    Chitnis, C.E.2    Craig, A.G.3
  • 42
    • 0033083101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation in malaria: A 3′ genomic alteration associated with the expression of a P. knowlesi variant antigen
    • Al-Khedery B., Barnwell J.W., Galinski M.R. Antigenic variation in malaria: a 3′ genomic alteration associated with the expression of a P. knowlesi variant antigen. Mol. Cell. 3:1999;131-141.
    • (1999) Mol. Cell. , vol.3 , pp. 131-141
    • Al-Khedery, B.1    Barnwell, J.W.2    Galinski, M.R.3
  • 43
    • 0032805381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP-1/var genes suggests that recombination rearranges constrained sequences
    • Ward C.P., Clottey G.T., Dorris M., Ji D.D., Arnot D.E. Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP-1/var genes suggests that recombination rearranges constrained sequences. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 102:1999;167-177.
    • (1999) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.102 , pp. 167-177
    • Ward, C.P.1    Clottey, G.T.2    Dorris, M.3    Ji, D.D.4    Arnot, D.E.5
  • 44
    • 0036079183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sub-family of common and highly conserved Plasmodium falciparum var genes
    • Salanti A., Jensen A.T., Zornig H.D.et al. A sub-family of common and highly conserved Plasmodium falciparum var genes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 122:2002;111-115.
    • (2002) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.122 , pp. 111-115
    • Salanti, A.1    Jensen, A.T.2    Zornig, H.D.3
  • 45
    • 0037015614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
    • Gardner M.J., Hall N., Fung E.et al. Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 419:2002;498-511.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 498-511
    • Gardner, M.J.1    Hall, N.2    Fung, E.3
  • 47
    • 0029739905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum are located in the subtelomeric region of most chromosomes
    • Rubio J.P., Thompson J.K., Cowman A.F. The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum are located in the subtelomeric region of most chromosomes. EMBO J. 15:1996;4069-4077.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , vol.15 , pp. 4069-4077
    • Rubio, J.P.1    Thompson, J.K.2    Cowman, A.F.3
  • 48
    • 0035521149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoding the language of var genes and Plasmodium falciparum sequestration
    • Smith J.D., Gamain B., Baruch D.I., Kyes S. Decoding the language of var genes and Plasmodium falciparum sequestration. Trends Parasitol. 17:2001;538-545.
    • (2001) Trends Parasitol. , vol.17 , pp. 538-545
    • Smith, J.D.1    Gamain, B.2    Baruch, D.I.3    Kyes, S.4
  • 49
    • 0033737488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Var gene diversity in Plasmodium falciparum is generated by frequent recombination events
    • Taylor H.M., Kyes S.A., Newbold C.I. var gene diversity in Plasmodium falciparum is generated by frequent recombination events. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 110:2000;391-397.
    • (2000) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.110 , pp. 391-397
    • Taylor, H.M.1    Kyes, S.A.2    Newbold, C.I.3
  • 50
    • 0034718886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent ectopic recombination of virulence factor genes in telomeric chromosome clusters of P. falciparum
    • Freitas-Junior L.H., Bottius E., Pirrit L.A.et al. Frequent ectopic recombination of virulence factor genes in telomeric chromosome clusters of P. falciparum. Nature. 407:2000;1018-1022.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 1018-1022
    • Freitas-Junior, L.H.1    Bottius, E.2    Pirrit, L.A.3
  • 51
    • 0032775051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stage-specific expression of 14-3-3 in asexual blood-stage Plasmodium
    • Al-Khedery B., Barnwell J.W., Galinski M.R. Stage-specific expression of 14-3-3 in asexual blood-stage Plasmodium. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 102:1999;117-130.
    • (1999) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.102 , pp. 117-130
    • Al-Khedery, B.1    Barnwell, J.W.2    Galinski, M.R.3
  • 52
    • 0028120886 scopus 로고
    • The polymorphic subtelomeric regions of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes contain arrays of repetitive sequence elements
    • de Bruin D., Lanzer M., Ravetch J.V. The polymorphic subtelomeric regions of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes contain arrays of repetitive sequence elements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;619-623.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 619-623
    • De Bruin, D.1    Lanzer, M.2    Ravetch, J.V.3
  • 53
    • 0027992581 scopus 로고
    • Chromatin structure determines the sites of chromosome breakages in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Lanzer M., Wertheimer S.P., de Bruin D., Ravetch J.V. Chromatin structure determines the sites of chromosome breakages in Plasmodium falciparum. Nucleic. Acids. Res. 22:1994;3099-3103.
    • (1994) Nucleic. Acids. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 3099-3103
    • Lanzer, M.1    Wertheimer, S.P.2    De Bruin, D.3    Ravetch, J.V.4
  • 54
    • 0037083982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A central role for Plasmodium falciparum subtelomeric regions in spatial positioning and telomere length regulation
    • Figueiredo L.M., Freitas-Junior L.H., Bottius E., Olivo-Marin J.C., Scherf A. A central role for Plasmodium falciparum subtelomeric regions in spatial positioning and telomere length regulation. Embo J. 21:2002;815-824.
    • (2002) Embo J. , vol.21 , pp. 815-824
    • Figueiredo, L.M.1    Freitas-Junior, L.H.2    Bottius, E.3    Olivo-Marin, J.C.4    Scherf, A.5
  • 55
    • 0027320093 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary relatedness of some primate models of Plasmodium
    • Waters A.P., Higgins D.G., McCutchan T.F. Evolutionary relatedness of some primate models of Plasmodium. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:1993;914-923.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Evol , vol.10 , pp. 914-923
    • Waters, A.P.1    Higgins, D.G.2    McCutchan, T.F.3
  • 56
    • 0037059008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosaic organization and heterogeneity in frequency of allelic recombination of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 locus
    • Putaporntip C., Jongwutiwes S., Sakihama N.et al. Mosaic organization and heterogeneity in frequency of allelic recombination of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;16348-16353.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 16348-16353
    • Putaporntip, C.1    Jongwutiwes, S.2    Sakihama, N.3
  • 59
    • 0037036624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stage-specific merozoite surface protein 2 antisense transcripts in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Kyes S., Christodoulou Z., Pinches R., Newbold C. Stage-specific merozoite surface protein 2 antisense transcripts in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 123:2002;79-83.
    • (2002) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.123 , pp. 79-83
    • Kyes, S.1    Christodoulou, Z.2    Pinches, R.3    Newbold, C.4
  • 60
    • 0035171634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial analysis of gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum reveals the global expression profile of erythrocytic stages and the presence of anti-sense transcripts in the malarial parasite
    • Patankar S., Munasinghe A., Shoaibi A., Cummings L.M., Wirth D.F. Serial analysis of gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum reveals the global expression profile of erythrocytic stages and the presence of anti-sense transcripts in the malarial parasite. Mol. Biol. Cell. 12:2001;3114-3125.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Cell. , vol.12 , pp. 3114-3125
    • Patankar, S.1    Munasinghe, A.2    Shoaibi, A.3    Cummings, L.M.4    Wirth, D.F.5
  • 61
    • 0036049784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing of cysteine proteases (falcipain-1 and -2) of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Malhotra P., Dasaradhi P.V., Kumar A.et al. Double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing of cysteine proteases (falcipain-1 and -2) of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Microbiol. 45:2002;1245-1254.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.45 , pp. 1245-1254
    • Malhotra, P.1    Dasaradhi, P.V.2    Kumar, A.3
  • 62
    • 0035982898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distinct 5′ flanking var gene region regulates Plasmodium falciparum variant erythrocyte surface antigen expression in placental malaria
    • Vazquez-Macias A., Martinez-Cruz P., Castaneda-Patlan M.C.et al. A distinct 5′ flanking var gene region regulates Plasmodium falciparum variant erythrocyte surface antigen expression in placental malaria. Mol. Microbiol. 45:2002;155-167.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.45 , pp. 155-167
    • Vazquez-Macias, A.1    Martinez-Cruz, P.2    Castaneda-Patlan, M.C.3
  • 63
    • 0035879706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of severe malaria with a specific Plasmodium falciparum genotype in French Guiana
    • Ariey F., Hommel D., Le Scanf C.et al. Association of severe malaria with a specific Plasmodium falciparum genotype in French Guiana. J. Infect. Dis. 184:2001;237-241.
    • (2001) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.184 , pp. 237-241
    • Ariey, F.1    Hommel, D.2    Le Scanf, C.3
  • 64
    • 0035984073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two DBLgamma subtypes are commonly expressed by placental isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Fried M., Duffy P.E. Two DBLgamma subtypes are commonly expressed by placental isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 122:2002;201-210.
    • (2002) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.122 , pp. 201-210
    • Fried, M.1    Duffy, P.E.2
  • 65
    • 0037090241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene implicated in malaria in pregnancy
    • Rowe J.A., Kyes S.A., Rogerson S.J., Babiker H.A., Raza A. Identification of a conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene implicated in malaria in pregnancy. J. Infect. Dis. 185:2002;1207-1211.
    • (2002) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.185 , pp. 1207-1211
    • Rowe, J.A.1    Kyes, S.A.2    Rogerson, S.J.3    Babiker, H.A.4    Raza, A.5
  • 66
    • 0036253632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of severe noncerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Brazil with expressed PfEMP1 DBL1 alpha sequences lacking cysteine residues
    • Kirchgatter K., Portillo Hdel A. Association of severe noncerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Brazil with expressed PfEMP1 DBL1 alpha sequences lacking cysteine residues. Mol. Med. 8:2002;16-23.
    • (2002) Mol. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 16-23
    • Kirchgatter, K.1    Portillo Hdel, A.2
  • 67
    • 0015156044 scopus 로고
    • Deep vascular schizogony of Plasmodium knowlesi in Macaca mulatta. Distribution in organs and ultrastructure of parasitized red cells
    • Miller L.H., Fremount H.N., Luse S.A. Deep vascular schizogony of Plasmodium knowlesi in Macaca mulatta. Distribution in organs and ultrastructure of parasitized red cells. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 20:1971;816-824.
    • (1971) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.20 , pp. 816-824
    • Miller, L.H.1    Fremount, H.N.2    Luse, S.A.3
  • 68
    • 0001741542 scopus 로고
    • The species of simian malaria: Taxonomy, morphology, life cycle and, geographical distribution of the monkey species
    • Eyles D. The species of simian malaria: taxonomy, morphology, life cycle and, geographical distribution of the monkey species. J. Parasitol. 49:1963;866-887.
    • (1963) J. Parasitol. , vol.49 , pp. 866-887
    • Eyles, D.1
  • 69
    • 0037403553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of CSP and MSP-9 gene sequences demonstrates the close relationship of Plasmodium coatneyi to Plasmodium knowlesi
    • Vargas-Serrato E., Corredor V., Galinski M.R. Phylogenetic analysis of CSP and MSP-9 gene sequences demonstrates the close relationship of Plasmodium coatneyi to Plasmodium knowlesi. Infect. Genet. Evol. 3:2003;67-73.
    • (2003) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 67-73
    • Vargas-Serrato, E.1    Corredor, V.2    Galinski, M.R.3
  • 72
    • 0027263280 scopus 로고
    • A primate model for severe human malaria with cerebral involvement: Plasmodium coatneyi-infected Macaca fuscata
    • Kawai S., Aikawa M., Kano S., Suzuki M. A primate model for severe human malaria with cerebral involvement: Plasmodium coatneyi-infected Macaca fuscata. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 48:1993;630-636.
    • (1993) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.48 , pp. 630-636
    • Kawai, S.1    Aikawa, M.2    Kano, S.3    Suzuki, M.4
  • 73
    • 0026625152 scopus 로고
    • A primate model for human cerebral malaria: Plasmodium coatneyi-infected rhesus monkeys
    • Aikawa M., Brown A., Smith C.D.et al. A primate model for human cerebral malaria: Plasmodium coatneyi-infected rhesus monkeys. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 46:1992;391-397.
    • (1992) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.46 , pp. 391-397
    • Aikawa, M.1    Brown, A.2    Smith, C.D.3
  • 74
    • 0014249985 scopus 로고
    • The fine structure of trophozoites and gametocytes in Plasmodium coatneyi
    • Rudzinska M.A., Trager W. The fine structure of trophozoites and gametocytes in Plasmodium coatneyi. J. Protozool. 15:1968;73-88.
    • (1968) J. Protozool. , vol.15 , pp. 73-88
    • Rudzinska, M.A.1    Trager, W.2
  • 75
    • 84883489080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coatneyi RS, Collins WE, Warren M, Contacos PG. Plasmodium coatneyi: the primate malarias. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC; 1971. p. 289-99.
    • Coatneyi RS, Collins WE, Warren M, Contacos PG. Plasmodium coatneyi: the primate malarias. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC; 1971. p. 289-99.
  • 76
    • 85030904010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Das Gupta BM. Malarial infection in the placenta and transmission to the foetus. The Indian medical gazette. 1939; p. 397-400.
    • Das Gupta BM. Malarial infection in the placenta and transmission to the foetus. The Indian medical gazette. 1939; p. 397-400.
  • 78
    • 0024082141 scopus 로고
    • Scannning electron microscopic studies on rhesus monkey placenta during early gestational malaria infection
    • Saxena N., Upadhyay S.N., Dutta G.P., Kazim M., Maitra S.C. Scannning electron microscopic studies on rhesus monkey placenta during early gestational malaria infection. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 26:1988;712-714.
    • (1988) Indian J. Exp. Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 712-714
    • Saxena, N.1    Upadhyay, S.N.2    Dutta, G.P.3    Kazim, M.4    Maitra, S.C.5
  • 79
    • 0033554264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Plasmodium vivax malaria in pregnancy
    • Nosten F., McGready R., Simpson J.A.et al. Effects of Plasmodium vivax malaria in pregnancy. Lancet. 354:1999;546-549.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 546-549
    • Nosten, F.1    McGready, R.2    Simpson, J.A.3
  • 80
    • 0036829829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccines: Evidence-based searching for variant surface antigens as candidates for vaccination against pregnancy-associated malaria
    • Staalsoe T., Jensen A.T., Theander T.G., Hviid L. Novel Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccines: evidence-based searching for variant surface antigens as candidates for vaccination against pregnancy-associated malaria. Immunol. Lett. 84:2002;133-136.
    • (2002) Immunol. Lett. , vol.84 , pp. 133-136
    • Staalsoe, T.1    Jensen, A.T.2    Theander, T.G.3    Hviid, L.4
  • 81
    • 0036020338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal malaria: Plasmodium falciparum sequestration in the placenta
    • Andrews K.T., Lanzer M. Maternal malaria: Plasmodium falciparum sequestration in the placenta. Parasitol. Res. 88:2002;715-723.
    • (2002) Parasitol. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 715-723
    • Andrews, K.T.1    Lanzer, M.2
  • 85
    • 0036780907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and historical aspects of the burden of malaria
    • Carter R., Mendis K.N. Evolutionary and historical aspects of the burden of malaria. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15:2002;564-594.
    • (2002) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.15 , pp. 564-594
    • Carter, R.1    Mendis, K.N.2
  • 86
    • 0033954897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ves multigene family of B. bovis encodes components of rapid antigenic variation at the infected erythrocyte surface
    • Allred D.R., Carlton J.M., Satcher R.L.et al. The ves multigene family of B. bovis encodes components of rapid antigenic variation at the infected erythrocyte surface. Mol. Cell. 5:2000;153-162.
    • (2000) Mol. Cell. , vol.5 , pp. 153-162
    • Allred, D.R.1    Carlton, J.M.2    Satcher, R.L.3
  • 87
    • 0031837563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation in Babesia bovis: How similar is it to that in Plasmodium falciparum?
    • Allred D.R. Antigenic variation in Babesia bovis: how similar is it to that in Plasmodium falciparum? Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 92:1998;461-472.
    • (1998) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.92 , pp. 461-472
    • Allred, D.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.