What is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)?

British Journal of Plastic Surgery

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 215-221

  Chin, David ^a,b   Boyle, Glen M ^a,b   Parsons, Peter G ^a,b   Coman, William B ^a,b  

^a QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

BMP; Scarring; TGF ; Tumorogenesis; Wound healing

Indexed keywords

RECOMBINANT BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2; SMAD PROTEIN; TAMOXIFEN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA3; TRIAMCINOLONE;

BONE DEFECT; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL TYPE; CHONDROGENESIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DECUBITUS; DRUG RESEARCH; FRACTURE HEALING; FRACTURE NONUNION; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC SCAR; IMMUNOLOGY; IN VIVO STUDY; KELOID; NONHUMAN; OSSIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKULL INJURY; WOUND; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 1642394079     PISSN: 00071226     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2003.12.012     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Derynck R, Gelbart WM, Harland RM, et al. Nomenclature: vertebrate mediators of TGF-beta family signals. Cell 1996; 87:173.
2. Roberts AB, Kondaiah P, Rosa F, et al. Mesoderm induction in Xenopus laevis distinguishes between the various TGF-beta isoforms. Growth Factors 1990;3:277-86.
3. Massague J, Cheifetz S, Laiho M, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta. Cancer Surv 1992;12:81-103.
4. Saarma M. GDNF - a stranger in the TGF-beta superfamily? Eur J Biochem 2000;267:6968-71.
5. Jamin SP, Arango NA, Mishina Y, Hanks MC, Behringer RR. Requirement of Bmpr1a for Mullerian duct regression during male sexual development. Nat Genet 2002;32:408-10.
6. Burt DW, Law AS. Evolution of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Prog Growth Factor Res 1994;5: 99-118.
7. Akhurst RJ, FitzPatrick DR, Gatherer D, Lehnert SA, Millan FA. Transforming growth factor betas in mammalian embryogenesis. Prog Growth Factor Res 1990;2:153-68.
8. Frenkel SR, Saadeh PB, Mehrara BJ, et al. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily members: role in cartilage modeling. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:980-90.
9. Reddi AH, Cunningham NS. Bone induction by osteogenin and bone morphogenetic proteins. Biomaterials 1990;11:33-4.
10. Glick AB, Weinberg WC, Wu IH, Quan W, Yuspa SH. Transforming growth factor beta 1 suppresses genomic instability independent of a G1 arrest, p53, and Rb. Cancer Res 1996;56:3645-50.
11. Massague J. Wounding Smad. Nat Cell Biol 1999;1:E117-9.
12. Moustakas A, Pardali K, Gaal A, Heldin CH. Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Immunol Lett 2002;82:85-91.
13. Roberts AB. Molecular and cell biology of TGF-beta. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1998;24:111-9.
14. Anzano MA, Roberts AB, Smith JM, Sporn MB, De Larco JE. Sarcoma growth factor from conditioned medium of virally transformed cells is composed of both type alpha and type beta transforming growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:6264-8.
15. Roberts AB, Frolik CA, Anzano MA, Sporn MB. Transforming growth factors from neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues. Fed Proc 1983;42:2621-6.
16. Coffey Jr RJ, Derynck R, Wilcox JN, et al. Production and auto-induction of transforming growth factor-alpha in human keratinocytes. Nature 1987;328:817-20.
17. Kehrl JH, Wakefield LM, Roberts AB, et al. Production of transforming growth factor beta by human T lymphocytes and its potential role in the regulation of T cell growth. J Exp Med 1986;163:1037-50.
18. Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Wakefield LM, Assoian RK. Transforming growth factor-beta: biological function and chemical structure. Science 1986;233:532-4.
19. Centrella M, Canalis E. Transforming and nontransforming growth factors are present in medium conditioned by fetal rat calvariae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82:7335-9.
20. Frolik CA, Dart LL, Meyers CA, Smith DM, Sporn MB. Purification and initial characterization of a type beta transforming growth factor from human placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:3676-80.
21. Kothapalli R, Buyuksal I, Wu SQ, Chegini N, Tabibzadeh S. Detection of ebaf, a novel human gene of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily association of gene expression with endometrial bleeding. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:2342-50.
22. Moses HL, Coffey Jr RJ, Leof EB, Lyons RM, Keski-Oja J. Transforming growth factor beta regulation of cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol Suppl 1987;1-7.
23. Taipale J, Saharinen J, Keski-Oja J. Extracellular matrix-associated transforming growth factor-beta: role in cancer cell growth and invasion. Adv Cancer Res 1998;75:87-134.
24. Kretzschmar M, Doody J, Massague J. Opposing BMP and EGF signalling pathways converge on the TGF-beta family mediator Smad1. Nature 1997;389:618-22.
25. Bikfalvi A. Significance of angiogenesis in tumour progression and metastasis. Eur J Cancer 1995;31A:1101-4.
26. Sporn MB, Roberts AB. Transforming growth factor-beta: recent progress and new challenges. J Cell Biol 1992;119: 1017-21.
27. Streuli CH, Schmidhauser C, Kobrin M, Bissell MJ, Derynck R. Extracellular matrix regulates expression of the TGF-beta 1 gene. J Cell Biol 1993;120:253-60.
28. Ignotz RA, Endo T, Massague J. Regulation of fibronectin and type I collagen mRNA levels by transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem 1987;262:6443-6.
29. Laiho M, Saksela O, Keski-Oja J. Transforming growth factor-beta induction of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor. Pericellular deposition and sensitivity to exogenous urokinase. J Biol Chem 1987;262:17467-74.
30. Roberts AB, Thompson NL, Heine U, Flanders C, Sporn MB. Transforming growth factor-beta: possible roles in carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer 1988;57:594-600.
31. Blottner D, Wolf N, Lachmund A, Flanders KC, Unsicker K. TGF-beta rescues target-deprived preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci 1996;8: 202-10.
32. Lindholm D, Castren E, Kiefer R, Zafra F, Thoenen H. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the rat brain: increase after injury and inhibition of astrocyte proliferation. J Cell Biol 1992;117:395-400.
33. Prehn JH, Peruche B, Unsicker K, Krieglstein J. Isoform-specific effects of transforming growth factors-beta on degeneration of primary neuronal cultures induced by cytotoxic hypoxia or glutamate. J Neurochem 1993;60: 1665-72.
34. Massague J, Andres J, Attisano L, et al. TGF-beta receptors. Mol Reprod Dev 1992;32:99-104.
35. Fanger BO, Wakefield LM, Sporn MB. Structure and properties of the cellular receptor for transforming growth factor type beta. Biochemistry 1986;25:3083-91.
36. Wu G, Chen YG, Ozdamar B, et al. Structural basis of Smad2 recognition by the Smad anchor for receptor activation. Science 2000;287:92-7.
37. Wells RG, Yankelev H, Lin HY, Lodish HF. Biosynthesis of the type I and type II TGF-beta receptors. Implications for complex formation. J Biol Chem 1997;272:11444-51.
38. Kolodziejczyk SM, Hall BK. Signal transduction and TGF-beta superfamily receptors. Biochem Cell Biol 1996;74:299-314.
39. Lopez-Casillas F, Wrana JL, Massague J. Betaglycan presents ligand to the TGF-beta signaling receptor. Cell 1993;73: 1435-44.
40. Liu F, Hata A, Baker JC, et al. A human Mad protein acting as a BMP-regulated transcriptional activator. Nature 1996;381: 620-3.
41. Massague J. How cells read TGF-beta signals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2000;1:169-78.
42. Massague J, Chen YG. Controlling TGF-beta signaling. Genes Dev 2000;14:627-44.
43. Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Heldin CH. TGF-beta signaling by Smad proteins. Adv Immunol 2000;75:115-57.
44. Miyazono K. Positive and negative regulation of TGF-beta signaling. J Cell Sci 2000;113:1101-9.
45. Massague J, Wotton D. Transcriptional control by the TGF-beta/Smad signaling system. EMBO J 2000;19:1745-54.
46. O'Kane S, Ferguson MW. Transforming growth factor betas and wound healing. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997;29:63-78.
47. Beck LS, Deguzman L, Lee WP, et al. TGF-beta 1 accelerates wound healing: reversal of steroid-impaired healing in rats and rabbits. Growth Factors 1991;5:295-304.
48. Steinbrech DS, Mehrara BJ, Rowe NM, et al. Gene expression of TGF-beta, TGF-beta receptor, and extracellular matrix proteins during membranous bone healing in rats. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:2028-38.
49. Beck LS, Deguzman L, Lee WP, et al. Rapid publication. TGF-beta 1 induces bone closure of skull defects. J Bone Miner Res 1991;6:1257-65.
50. Hirshberg J, Coleman J, Marchant B, Rees RS. TGF-beta3 in the treatment of pressure ulcers: a preliminary report. Adv Skin Wound Care 2001;14:91-5.
51. Niessen FB, Andriessen MP, Schalkwijk J, Visser L, Timens W. Keratinocyte-derived growth factors play a role in the formation of hypertrophic scars. J Pathol 2001;194:207-16.
52. Lee TY, Chin GS, Kim WJ, et al. Expression of transforming growth factor beta 1, 2, and 3 proteins in keloids. Ann Plast Surg 1999;43:179-84.
53. Polo M, Smith PD, Kim YJ, et al. Effect of TGF-beta2 on proliferative scar fibroblast cell kinetics. Ann Plast Surg 1999;43:185-90.
54. Bettinger DA, Yager DR, Diegelmann RF, Cohen IK. The effect of TGF-beta on keloid fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;98:827-33.
55. Shang Q, Yuan R, Wang W. An experimental study of antisense TGF-beta 1 inhibiting keloid fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2001;17: 325-7.
56. Chin GS, Liu W, Peled Z, et al. Differential expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptors I and II and activation of Smad 3 in keloid fibroblasts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;108:423-9.
57. Carroll LA, Hanasono MM, Mikulec AA, Kita M, Koch RJ. Triamcinolone stimulates bFGF production and inhibits TGF-beta1 production by human dermal fibroblasts. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:704-9.
58. Chau D, Mancoll JS, Lee S, et al. Tamoxifen downregulates TGF-beta production in keloid fibroblasts. Ann Plast Surg 1998;40:490-3.
59. Solheim E. Growth factors in bone. Int Orthop 1998;22: 410-6.
60. Suzawa M, Takeuchi Y, Fukumoto S, et al. Extracellular matrix-associated bone morphogenetic proteins are essential for differentiation of murine osteoblastic cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1999;140:2125-33.
61. Abe E, Yamamoto M, Taguchi Y, et al. Essential requirement of BMPs-2/4 for both osteoblast and osteoclast formation in murine bone marrow cultures from adult mice: antagonism by noggin. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:663-73.
62. Sherris DA, Murakami CS, Larrabee Jr WF, Bruce AG. Mandibular reconstruction with transforming growth factor-beta1. Laryngoscope 1998;108:368-72.
63. Miura Y, Parvizi J, Fitzsimmons JS, O'Driscoll SW. Brief exposure to high-dose transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances periosteal chondrogenesis in vitro: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:793-9.
64. Noda M, Rodan GA. Type beta transforming growth factor regulates expression of genes encoding bone matrix proteins. Connect Tissue Res 1989;21:71-5.
65. Yeung HY, Lee KM, Fung KP, Leung KS. Sustained expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 by distraction during distraction osteogenesis. Life Sci 2002;71:67-79.
66. Lieberman JR, Daluiski A, Einhorn TA. The role of growth factors in the repair of bone. Biology and clinical applications. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84-A:1032-44.
67. Lee FY, Storer S, Hazan EJ, Gebhardt MC, Mankin HJ. Repair of bone allograft fracture using bone morphogenetic protein-2. Clin Orthop 2002;119-26.
68. Valentin-Opran A, Wozney J, Csimma C, Lilly L, Riedel GE. Clinical evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Clin Orthop 2002;110-20.
69. Massague J, Heino J, Laiho M. Mechanisms in TGF-beta action. Ciba Found Symp 1991;157:51-9.
70. Moustakas A, Souchelnytskyi S, Heldin CH. Smad regulation in TGF-beta signal transduction. J Cell Sci 2001;114: 4359-69.
71. Park K, Kim SJ, Bang YJ, et al. Genetic changes in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor gene in human gastric cancer cells: correlation with sensitivity to growth inhibition by TGF-beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:8772-6.
72. Markowitz S, Wang J, Myeroff L, et al. Inactivation of the type II TGF-beta receptor in colon cancer cells with microsatellite instability. Science 1995;268:1336-8.
73. Kimchi A, Wang XF, Weinberg RA, Cheifetz S, Massague J. Absence of TGF-beta receptors and growth inhibitory responses in retinoblastoma cells. Science 1988;240:196-9.
74. Kadin ME, Cavaille-Coll MW, Gertz R, et al. Loss of receptors for transforming growth factor beta in human T-cell malignancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:6002-6.
75. Muro-Cacho CA, Anderson M, Cordero J, Munoz-Antonia T. Expression of transforming growth factor beta type II receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:1243-8.
76. Duff EK, Clarke AR. Smad4 (DPC4) - a potent tumour suppressor? Br J Cancer 1998;78:1615-9.
77. Hata A, Lo RS, Wotton D, Lagna G, Massague J. Mutations increasing autoinhibition inactivate tumour suppressors Smad2 and Smad4. Nature 1997;388:82-7.
78. Ramachandra M, Atencio I, Rahman A, et al. Restoration of transforming growth factor Beta signaling by functional expression of smad4 induces anoikis. Cancer Res 2002;62: 6045-51.
79. Xie W, Mertens JC, Reiss DJ, et al. Alterations of Smad signaling in human breast carcinoma are associated with poor outcome: a tissue microarray study. Cancer Res 2002; 62:497-505.
80. Massague J, Blain SW, Lo RS. TGFbeta signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders. Cell 2000;103: 295-309.
81. Berking C, Takemoto R, Schaider H, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 increases survival of human melanoma through stroma remodeling. Cancer Res 2001;61:8306-16.