The retinoblastoma protein - From bench to bedside

European Journal of Cell Biology

Volumn 84, Issue 2-3, 2005, Pages 97-107

  Mittnacht, Sibylle ^a  

^a IMPERIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cyclin D; Cyclin E; Rb; Regulation; Retinoblastoma; Tumour suppression

Indexed keywords

CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN;

BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CANCER; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER THERAPY; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL FUNCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG RESEARCH; DRUG SELECTIVITY; DRUG TARGETING; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GENE ACTIVITY; GENE CONTROL; GENE INACTIVATION; GENE LOSS; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC CODE; GENETIC DISORDER; GENETIC ENGINEERING; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

EID: 14844342479     PISSN: 01719335     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2004.12.012     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. M. Agerbaek J. Alsner N. Marcussen F. Lundbeck H. von der Maase Retinoblastoma protein expression is an independent predictor of both radiation response and survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer Br. J. Cancer 89 2003 298-304
2. Y. Akama W. Yasui H. Yokozaki H. Kuniyasu K. Kitahara T. Ishikawa E. Tahara Frequent amplification of the cyclin E gene in human gastric carcinomas Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 86 1995 617-621
3. A.E. Al Moustafa W.D. Foulkes A. Wong H. Jallal G. Batist Q. Yu M. Herlyn P. Sicinski M.A. Alaoui-Jamali Cyclin D1 is essential for neoplastic transformation induced by both E6/E7 and E6/E7/ErbB-2 cooperation in normal cells Oncogene 23 2004 5252-5256
4. D. Avni H. Yang F. Martelli F. Hofmann W.M. ElShamy S. Ganesan R. Scully D.M. Livingston Active localization of the retinoblastoma protein in chromatin and its response to S phase DNA damage Mol. Cell 12 2003 735-746
5. S.E. Barrie E. Eno-Amooquaye A. Hardcastle G. Platt J. Richards D. Bedford P. Workman W. Aherne S. Mittnacht M.D. Garrett High-throughput screening for the identification of small-molecule inhibitors of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation in cells Anal. Biochem. 320 2003 66-74
6. G. Bosco W. Du T.L. Orr-Weaver DNA replication control through interaction of E2F-RB and the origin recognition complex Nat. Cell Biol. 3 2001 289-295
7. A.P. Bracken M. Ciro A. Cocito K. Helin E2F target genes: Unraveling the biology Trends Biochem. Sci. 29 2004 409-417
8. C. Broceno S. Wilkie S. Mittnacht RB activation defect in tumor cell lines Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 2002 14200-14205
9. J. Brzezinski A. Migodzinski A. Gosek J. Tazbir M. Dedecjus Cyclin E expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Relation to staging Int. J. Cancer 109 2004 102-105
10. K. Buchkovich L.A. Duffy E. Harlow The retinoblastoma protein is phosphorylated during specific phases of the cell cycle Cell 58 1989 1097-1105
11. W.G. Cance M.F. Brennan M.E. Dudas C.M. Huang C. Cordon-Cardo Altered expression of the retinoblastoma gene product in human sarcomas N. Engl. J. Med. 323 1990 1457-1462
12. A.H. Cavanaugh W.M. Hempel L.J. Taylor V. Rogalsky G. Todorov L.I. Rothblum Activity of RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF blocked by Rb gene product Nature 374 1995 177-180
13. F. Cetani E. Pardi P. Viacava G.D. Pollina G. Fanelli A. Picone S. Borsari E. Gazzerro P. Miccoli P. Berti A. Pinchera C. Marcocci A reappraisal of the Rb1 gene abnormalities in the diagnosis of parathyroid cancer Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxford) 60 2004 99-106
14. B.N. Chau J.Y. Wang Coordinated regulation of life and death by RB Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 2003 130-138
15. P.L. Chen P. Scully J.Y. Shew J.Y. Wang W.H. Lee Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product is modulated during the cell cycle and cellular differentiation Cell 58 1989 1193-1198
16. Y.P. Chew M. Ellis S. Wilkie S. Mittnacht pRB phosphorylation mutants reveal role of pRB in regulating S phase completion by a mechanism independent of E2F Oncogene 17 1998 2177-2186
17. M. Classon E. Harlow The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor in development and cancer Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 2002 910-917
18. P.T. Cohen Protein phosphatase 1-targeted in many directions J. Cell Sci. 115 2002 241-256
19. J.A. DeCaprio J.W. Ludlow J. Figge J.Y. Shew C.M. Huang W.H. Lee E. Marsilio E. Paucha D.M. Livingston SV40 large tumor antigen forms a specific complex with the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene Cell 54 1988 275-283
20. J.A. DeCaprio J.W. Ludlow D. Lynch Y. Furukawa J. Griffin H. Piwnica-Worms C.M. Huang D.M. Livingston The product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene has properties of a cell cycle regulatory element Cell 58 1989 1085-1095
21. T.P. Dryja S. Friend R.A. Weinberg Genetic sequences that predispose to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma Symp. Fundam. Cancer Res. 39 1986 115-119
22. T. Durfee M.A. Mancini D. Jones S.J. Elledge W.H. Lee The amino-terminal region of the retinoblastoma gene product binds a novel nuclear matrix protein that co-localizes to centers for RNA processing J. Cell Biol. 127 1994 609-622
23. N. Dyson P.M. Howley K. Munger E. Harlow The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product Science 243 1989 934-937
24. S. Ekholm-Reed C.H. Spruck O. Sangfelt F. van Drogen E. Mueller-Holzner M. Widschwendter A. Zetterberg S.I. Reed S.E. Reed Mutation of hCDC4 leads to cell cycle deregulation of cyclin E in cancer Cancer Res. 64 2004 795-800
25. S.A. Ezhevsky A. Ho M. Becker-Hapak P.K. Davis S.F. Dowdy Differential regulation of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein by G(1) cyclin-dependent kinase complexes in vivo Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 2001 4773-4784
26. P.M. Fischer The use of CDK inhibitors in oncology: A pharmaceutical perspective Cell Cycle 3 2004 742-746
27. S.H. Friend R. Bernards S. Rogelj R.A. Weinberg J.M. Rapaport D.M. Albert T.P. Dryja A human DNA segment with properties of the gene that predisposes to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma Nature 323 1986 643-646
28. S. Gazzeri V. Gouyer C. Vour'ch C. Brambilla E. Brambilla Mechanisms of p16INK4A inactivation in non small-cell lung cancers Oncogene 16 1998 497-504
29. Y. Geng W. Whoriskey M.Y. Park R.T. Bronson R.H. Medema T. Li R.A. Weinberg P. Sicinski Rescue of cyclin D1 deficiency by knockin cyclin E Cell 97 1999 767-777
30. Y. Geng Q. Yu E. Sicinska M. Das J.E. Schneider S. Bhattacharya W.M. Rideout R.T. Bronson H. Gardner P. Sicinski Cyclin E ablation in the mouse Cell 114 2003 431-443
31. P.H. Giangrande W. Zhu R.E. Rempel N. Laakso J.R. Nevins Combinatorial gene control involving E2F and E Box family members EMBO J. 23 2004 1336-1347
32. J.W. Harbour S.L. Lai J. Whang-Peng A.F. Gazdar J.D. Minna F.J. Kaye Abnormalities in structure and expression of the human retinoblastoma gene in SCLC Science 241 1988 353-357
33. J.W. Harbour R.X. Luo A. Dei Santi A.A. Postigo D.C. Dean Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1 Cell 98 1999 859-869
34. C.H. Hensel C.L. Hsieh A.F. Gazdar B.E. Johnson A.Y. Sakaguchi S.L. Naylor W.H. Lee E.Y. Lee Altered structure and expression of the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in small cell lung cancer Cancer Res. 50 1990 3067-3072
35. T. Honma K. Hayashi T. Aoyama N. Hashimoto T. Machida K. Fukasawa T. Iwama C. Ikeura M. Ikuta I. Suzuki-Takahashi Y. Iwasawa T. Hayama S. Nishimura H. Morishima Structure-based generation of a new class of potent Cdk4 inhibitors: New de novo design strategy and library design J. Med. Chem. 44 2001 4615-4627
36. S.T. Hou X. Xie A. Baggley D.S. Park G. Chen T. Walker Activation of the Rb/E2F1 pathway by the nonproliferative p38 MAPK during Fas (APO1/ CD95)-mediated neuronal apoptosis J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 48764-48770
37. C. Houdayer M. Gauthier-Villars A. Lauge S. Pages-Berhouet C. Dehainault V. Caux-Moncoutier P. Karczynski M. Tosi F. Doz L. Desjardins J. Couturier D. Stoppa-Lyonnet Comprehensive screening for constitutional RB1 mutations by DHPLC and QMPSF Hum. Mutat. 23 2004 193-202
38. M.M. Hubalek A. Widschwendter M. Erdel A. Gschwendtner H.M. Fiegl H.M. Muller G. Goebel E. Mueller-Holzner C. Marth C.H. Spruck S.I. Reed M. Widschwendter Cyclin E dysregulation and chromosomal instability in endometrial cancer Oncogene 23 2004 4187-4192
39. K. Ichimura E.E. Schmidt H.M. Goike V.P. Collins Human glioblastomas with no alterations of the CDKN2A (p16INK4A, MTS1) and CDK4 genes have frequent mutations of the retinoblastoma gene Oncogene 13 1996 1065-1072
40. J. Ishikawa H.J. Xu S.X. Hu D.W. Yandell S. Maeda S. Kamidono W.F. Benedict R. Takahashi Inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene in human bladder and renal cell carcinomas Cancer Res. 51 1991 5736-5743
41. S. Jahnson B. Risberg M.G. Karlsson G. Westman R. Bergstrom J. Pedersen p53 and Rb immunostaining in locally advanced bladder cancer: Relation to prognostic variables and predictive value for the local response to radical radiotherapy Eur. Urol. 28 1995 135-142
42. W.G. Kaelin Jr. Functions of the retinoblastoma protein Bioessays 21 1999 950-958
43. S.M. Keenan N.H. Lents J.J. Baldassare Expression of cyclin E renders cyclin D-CDK4 dispensable for inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, activation of E2F, and G1-S phase progression J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 5387-5396
44. M.J. Kelley K. Nakagawa S.M. Steinberg J.L. Mulshine A. Kamb B.E. Johnson Differential inactivation of CDKN2 and Rb protein in non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer cell lines J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87 1995 756-761
45. K. Keyomarsi S.L. Tucker T.A. Buchholz M. Callister Y. Ding G.N. Hortobagyi I. Bedrosian C. Knickerbocker W. Toyofuku M. Lowe T.W. Herliczek S.S. Bacus Cyclin E and survival in patients with breast cancer N. Engl. J. Med. 347 2002 1566-1575
46. Z.A. Khatib H. Matsushime M. Valentine D.N. Shapiro C.J. Sherr A.T. Look Coamplification of the CDK4 gene with MDM2 and GLI in human sarcomas Cancer Res. 53 1993 5535-5541
47. K. Kitahara W. Yasui H. Kuniyasu H. Yokozaki Y. Akama S. Yunotani T. Hisatsugu E. Tahara Concurrent amplification of cyclin E and CDK2 genes in colorectal carcinomas Int. J. Cancer 62 1995 25-28
48. E.S. Knudsen C. Buckmaster T.T. Chen J.R. Feramisco J.Y. Wang Inhibition of DNA synthesis by RB: Effects on G1/S transition and S-phase progression Genes Dev. 12 1998 2278-2292
49. M. Korenjak B. Taylor-Harding U.K. Binne J.S. Satterlee O. Stevaux R. Aasland H. White-Cooper N. Dyson A. Brehm Native E2F/RBF complexes contain Myb-interacting proteins and repress transcription of developmentally controlled E2F target genes Cell 119 2004 181-193
50. K. Kozar M.A. Ciemerych V.I. Rebel H. Shigematsu A. Zagozdzon E. Sicinska Y. Geng Q. Yu S. Bhattacharya R.T. Bronson K. Akashi P. Sicinski Mouse development and cell proliferation in the absence of D-cyclins Cell 118 2004 477-491
51. D.R. Lohmann B.L. Gallie Retinoblastoma: Revisiting the model prototype of inherited cancer Am. J. Med. Genet. 129C 2004 23-28
52. J.W. Ludlow J.A. DeCaprio C.M. Huang W.H. Lee E. Paucha D.M. Livingston SV40 large T antigen binds preferentially to an underphosphorylated member of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product family Cell 56 1989 57-65
53. M. Malumbres R. Sotillo D. Santamaria J. Galan A. Cerezo S. Ortega P. Dubus M. Barbacid Mammalian cells cycle without the D-type cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 and Cdk6 Cell 118 2004 493-504
54. C. McInnes S. Wang S. Anderson J. O'Boyle W. Jackson G. Kontopidis C. Meades M. Mezna M. Thomas G. Wood D.P. Lane P.M. Fischer Structural determinants of CDK4 inhibition and design of selective ATP competitive inhibitors Chem. Biol. 11 2004 525-534
55. K. Mihara X.R. Cao A. Yen S. Chandler B. Driscoll A.L. Murphree A. T'Ang Y.K. Fung Cell cycle-dependent regulation of phosphorylation of the human retinoblastoma gene product Science 246 1989 1300-1303
56. P.L. Miliani de Marval E. Macias C.J. Conti M.L. Rodriguez-Puebla Enhanced malignant tumorigenesis in Cdk4 transgenic mice Oncogene 23 2004 1863-1873
57. P.L. Miliani de Marval E. Macias R. Rounbehler P. Sicinski H. Kiyokawa D.G. Johnson C.J. Conti M.L. Rodriguez-Puebla Lack of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibits c-myc tumorigenic activities in epithelial tissues Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 2004 7538-7547
58. S. Mittnacht Control of pRB phosphorylation Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8 1998 21-27
59. S. Mittnacht C. Boshoff Viral cyclins Rev. Med. Virol. 10 2000 175-184
60. S. Mittnacht R.A. Weinberg G1/S phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein is associated with an altered affinity for the nuclear compartment Cell 65 1991 381-393
61. S. Mittnacht H. Paterson M.F. Olson C.J. Marshall Ras signalling is required for inactivation of the tumour suppressor pRb cell-cycle control protein Curr. Biol. 7 1997 219-221
62. H. Miyamoto T. Shuin S. Torigoe Y. Iwasaki Y. Kubota Retinoblastoma gene mutations in primary human bladder cancer Br. J. Cancer 71 1995 831-835
63. L. Moonen F. Ong M. Gallee M. Verheij S. Horenblas A.A. Hart H. Bartelink Apoptosis, proliferation and p53, cyclin D1, and retinoblastoma gene expression in relation to radiation response in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 49 2001 1305-1310
64. N. Mori J. Yokota T. Akiyama Y. Sameshima A. Okamoto H. Mizoguchi K. Toyoshima T. Sugimura M. Terada Variable mutations of the RB gene in small-cell lung carcinoma Oncogene 5 1990 1713-1717
65. H. Morisaki A. Fujimoto A. Ando Y. Nagata K. Ikeda M. Nakanishi Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of p27 cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor by cyclin E/Cdk2 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240 1997 386-390
66. T. Moroy C. Geisen Cyclin E Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36 2004 1424-1439
67. E.J. Morris N.J. Dyson Retinoblastoma protein partners Adv. Cancer Res. 82 2001 1-54
68. K. Munger B.A. Werness N. Dyson W.C. Phelps E. Harlow P.M. Howley Complex formation of human papillomavirus E7 proteins with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product EMBO J. 8 1989 4099-4105
69. M. Narita S. Nunez E. Heard A.W. Lin S.A. Hearn D.L. Spector G.J. Hannon S.W. Lowe Rb-mediated heterochromatin formation and silencing of E2F target genes during cellular senescence Cell 113 2003 703-716
70. N. Nath S. Wang V. Betts E. Knudsen S. Chellappan Apoptotic and mitogenic stimuli inactivate Rb by differential utilization of p38 and cyclin-dependent kinases Oncogene 22 2003 5986-5994
71. S. Ortega I. Prieto J. Odajima A. Martin P. Dubus R. Sotillo J.L. Barbero M. Malumbres M. Barbacid Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is essential for meiosis but not for mitotic cell division in mice Nat. Genet. 35 2003 25-31
72. D.S. Peeper T.M. Upton M.H. Ladha E. Neuman J. Zalvide R. Bernards J.A. DeCaprio M.E. Ewen Ras signalling linked to the cell-cycle machinery by the retinoblastoma protein Nature 386 1997 177-181
73. I. Perez-Roger D.L. Solomon A. Sewing H. Land Myc activation of cyclin E/ Cdk2 kinase involves induction of cyclin E gene transcription and inhibition of p27(Kip1) binding to newly formed complexes Oncogene 14 1997 2373-2381
74. A. Pollack C.S. Wu B. Czerniak G.K. Zagars W.F. Benedict T.J. McDonnell Abnormal bcl-2 and pRb expression are independent correlates of radiation response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer Clin. Cancer Res. 3 1997 1823-1829
75. D.C. Porter N. Zhang C. Danes M.J. McGahren R.M. Harwell S. Faruki K. Keyomarsi Tumor-specific proteolytic processing of cyclin E generates hyperactive lower-molecular-weight forms Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 2001 6254-6269
76. S.G. Rane P. Dubus R.V. Mettus E.J. Galbreath G. Boden E.P. Reddy M. Barbacid Loss of Cdk4 expression causes insulin-deficient diabetes and Cdk4 activation results in beta-islet cell hyperplasia Nat. Genet. 22 1999 44-52
77. P.T. Reissmann M.A. Simon W.H. Lee D.J. Slamon Studies of the retinoblastoma gene in human sarcomas Oncogene 4 1989 839-843
78. P.T. Reissmann H. Koga R.A. Figlin E.C. Holmes D.J. Slamon Amplification and overexpression of the cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor genes in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 125 1999 61-70
79. S. Richter K. Vandezande N. Chen K. Zhang J. Sutherland J. Anderson L. Han R. Panton P. Branco B. Gallie Sensitive and efficient detection of RB1 gene mutations enhances care for families with retinoblastoma Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72 2003 253-269
80. A.I. Robles M.L. Rodriguez-Puebla A.B. Glick C. Trempus L. Hansen P. Sicinski R.W. Tennant R.A. Weinberg S.H. Yuspa C.J. Conti Reduced skin tumor development in cyclin D1-deficient mice highlights the oncogenic ras pathway in vivo Genes Dev. 12 1998 2469-2474
81. M.L. Rodriguez-Puebla P.L. Miliani de Marval M. LaCava D.S. Moons H. Kiyokawa C.J. Conti Cdk4 deficiency inhibits skin tumor development but does not affect normal keratinocyte proliferation Am. J. Pathol. 161 2002 405-411
82. A.G. Rondon S. Jimeno M. Garcia-Rubio A. Aguilera Molecular evidence that the eukaryotic THO/TREX complex is required for efficient transcription elongation J. Biol. Chem. 278 2003 39037-39043
83. I. Royzman R.J. Austin G. Bosco S.P. Bell T.L. Orr-Weaver ORC localization in Drosophila follicle cells and the effects of mutations in dE2F and dDP Genes Dev. 13 1999 827-840
84. E. Rubin S. Mittnacht E. Villa-Moruzzi J.W. Ludlow Site-specific and temporally regulated retinoblastoma protein dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase type 1 Oncogene 20 2001 3776-3785
85. M. Sakaguchi Y. Fujii H. Hirabayashi H.E. Yoon Y. Komoto T. Oue T. Kusafuka A. Okada H. Matsuda Inversely correlated expression of p16 and Rb protein in non-small cell lung cancers: An immunohistochemical study Int. J. Cancer 65 1996 442-445
86. K.L. Sayle J. Bentley F.T. Boyle A.H. Calvert Y. Cheng N.J. Curtin J.A. Endicott B.T. Golding I.R. Hardcastle P. Jewsbury V. Mesguiche D.R. Newell M.E. Noble R.J. Parsons D.J. Pratt L.Z. Wang R.J. Griffin Structure-based design of 2-arylamino-4-cyclohexylmethyl-5-nitroso-6-aminopyrimidine inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 13 2003 3079-3082
87. S. Schlisio T. Halperin M. Vidal J.R. Nevins Interaction of YY1 with E2Fs, mediated by RYBP, provides a mechanism for specificity of E2F function EMBO J. 21 2002 5775-5786
88. M.A. Shah G.K. Schwartz Cyclin-dependent kinases as targets for cancer therapy Cancer Chemother. Biol. Response Modif. 21 2003 145-170
89. G.I. Shapiro J.E. Park C.D. Edwards L. Mao A. Merlo D. Sidransky M.E. Ewen B.J. Rollins Multiple mechanisms of p16INK4A inactivation in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines Cancer Res. 55 1995 6200-6209
90. R. Sotillo P. Dubus J. Martin E. de la Cueva S. Ortega M. Malumbres M. Barbacid Wide spectrum of tumors in knock-in mice carrying a Cdk4 protein insensitive to INK4 inhibitors EMBO J. 20 2001 6637-6647
91. R. Sotillo J.F. Garcia S. Ortega J. Martin P. Dubus M. Barbacid M. Malumbres Invasive melanoma in Cdk4-targeted mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 2001 13312-13317
92. M.R. Stratton S. Williams C. Fisher A. Ball G. Westbury B.A. Gusterson C.D. Fletcher J.C. Knight Y.K. Fung B.R. Reeves Structural alterations of the RB1 gene in human soft tissue tumours Br. J. Cancer 60 1989 202-205
93. H. Strohmaier C.H. Spruck P. Kaiser K.A. Won O. Sangfelt S.I. Reed Human F-box protein hCdc4 targets cyclin E for proteolysis and is mutated in a breast cancer cell line Nature 413 2001 316-322
94. S. Tamrakar E. Rubin J.W. Ludlow Role of pRB dephosphorylation in cell cycle regulation Front. Biosci. 5 2000 D121-D137
95. D.M. Thomas H.S. Yang K. Alexander P.W. Hinds Role of the retinoblastoma protein in differentiation and senescence Cancer Biol. Ther. 2 2003 124-130
96. T. Tsutsui B. Hesabi D.S. Moons P.P. Pandolfi K.S. Hansel A. Koff H. Kiyokawa Targeted disruption of CDK4 delays cell cycle entry with enhanced p27(Kip1) activity Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 1999 7011-7019
97. J.M. Varley J. Armour J.E. Swallow A.J. Jeffreys B.A. Ponder A. T'Ang Y.K. Fung W.J. Brammar R.A. Walker The retinoblastoma gene is frequently altered leading to loss of expression in primary breast tumours Oncogene 4 1989 725-729
98. D.J. Venter K.L. Bevan R.L. Ludwig T.E. Riley P.S. Jat D.G. Thomas M.D. Noble Retinoblastoma gene deletions in human glioblastomas Oncogene 6 1991 445-448
99. R.J. White D. Trouche K. Martin S.P. Jackson T. Kouzarides Repression of RNA polymerase III transcription by the retinoblastoma protein Nature 382 1996 88-90
100. P. Whyte K.J. Buchkovich J.M. Horowitz S.H. Friend M. Raybuck R.A. Weinberg E. Harlow Association between an oncogene and an anti-oncogene: the adenovirus E1A proteins bind to the retinoblastoma gene product Nature 334 1988 124-129
101. N.E. Willmarth D.G. Albertson S.P. Ethier Chromosomal instability and lack of cyclin E regulation in hCdc4 mutant human breast cancer cells Breast Cancer Res. 6 2004 R531-R539
102. D. Wrede J.A. Tidy T. Crook D. Lane K.H. Vousden Expression of RB and p53 proteins in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical carcinoma cell lines Mol. Carcinog. 4 1991 171-175
103. J.S. Wunder A.A. Czitrom R. Kandel I.L. Andrulis Analysis of alterations in the retinoblastoma gene and tumor grade in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 83 1991 194-200
104. A. Yasmeen W.E. Berdel H. Serve C. Muller-Tidow E- and A-type cyclins as markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3 2003 617-633
105. Q. Yu Y. Geng P. Sicinski Specific protection against breast cancers by cyclin D1 ablation Nature 411 2001 1017-1021
106. T. Zarkowska S. Mittnacht Differential phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein by G1/S cyclin-dependent kinases J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 12738-12746