An evaluation of the performane of chemistry transport models - Part 2: Detailed comparison with two selected campaigns

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 107-129

  Brunner, D ^a   Staehelin, J ^a   Rogers, H L ^b   Kohler M O ^b   Pyle, J A ^b   Hauglustaine, D A ^c   Jourdain, L ^d   Berntsen, T K ^e   Gauss, M ^e   Isaksen, I S A ^e   Meijer, E ^f   van Velthoven, P ^f   Pitari, G ^g   Mancini, E ^g   Grewe, V ^h   Sausen, R ^h  

^a Land Climate Dynamics Group   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c LABORATOIRE DES SCIENCES DU CLIMAT ET DE L ENVIRONNEMENT   (France)

^d Pôle de Planétologie   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^f ROYAL NETHERLANDS METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE KNMI   (Netherlands)

^g UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^h GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 14744289066     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Berntsen, T. K., Myhre, G., Stordal, F., and Isaksen, I. S. A.: Time evolution of tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8915-8930, 2000.
2. Bey, I., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D., Fiore, A. M., Li, Q., Liu, H. Y., Mickley, L. J., and Schultz, M. G.: Global modelling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23 073-23 096, 2001.
3. Board, A. S., Fuelberg, H. E., Gregory, G. L., Heikes, B. G., Schultz, M. G., Blake, D. R., Dibb, J. E., Sandholm, S. T., and Talbot, R. W.: Chemical characteristics of air from differing source regions during the Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A (PEM-Tropics A), J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16 181-16 196, 1999.
4. Brasseur, G. P., Cox, R. A., Hauglustaine, D., Isaksen, I., Lelieveld, J., Lister, D. H., Sausen, R., Schumann, U., Wahner, A., and Wiesen, P.: European scientific assessment of the effects of aircraft emissions, Atmos. Envir., 32, 2329-2418, 1998.
5. Bregman, A., Krol, M. C., Teyssèdre, H., Norton, W. A., Iwi, A., Chipperfield, M., Pitari, G., Sundet, J. K., and Lelieveld, J.: Chemistry-transport model comparison with ozone observations in the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17 479-17 496, 2001.
6. Brenninkmeijer, C., Crutzen, P., Fischer, H., Güsten, H., Hans, W., Heintzenberg, J., Hermann, M., Immelmann, T., Kersting, D., Maiss, M., Nolle, N., Pitscheider, A., Pohlkamp, H., Scharffe, D., and Wiedensohler, A.: CARIBIC - Civil aircraft for global measurement of trace gases and aerosols in the tropopause region, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 16, 1373-1383, 1999.
7. Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., and Jeker, D.: Large-scale nitrogen oxide plumes in the tropopause region and implications for ozone, Science, 282, 1305-1309, 1998.
8. Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., Jeker, D., Wernli, H., and Schumann, U.: Nitrogen oxides and ozone in the tropopause region of the Northern Hemisphere: Measurements from commercial aircraft in 1995/1996 and 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27 673-27 699, 2001.
9. Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., Rogers, H. L., et al.: An evaluation of the performance of chemistry transport models by comparison with scientific aircraft observations. Part 1: Concepts and overall model performance., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1609-1631, 2003, SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/ 2003-3-1609.
10. x?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2705-2708, 1994.
11. Chipperfield, M. P.: Multiannual simulations with a three-dimensional chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1781-1805, 1999.
12. Crowther, R. A., Law, K. S., Pyle, J. A., Bekki, S., and Smit, H. G. J.: Characterising the effect of large-scale model resolution upon calculated OH production using MOZAIC data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1613, doi:10.1029/2002GL014660, 2002.
13. y: A comparison of data and models, Atmos. Envir., 31, 1851-1904, 1997.
14. Emmons, L. K., Hauglustaine, D. A., Müller, J.-F., Carroll, M. A., Brasseur, G. P., Brunner, D., Staehelin, J., Thouret, V., and Marenco, A.: Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20 497-20 538, 2000.
15. Fenn, M. A., Browell, E. V., Butler, C. F., Grant, W. B., Kooi, S. A., Clayton, M. B., Gregory, G. L., Newell, R. E., Zhu, Y., Dibb, J. E., Fuelberg, H. E., Anderson, B. E., Bandy, A. R., Blake, D. R., Bradshaw, J. D., Heikes, B. G., Sachse, G. W., Sandholm, S. T., Singh, H. B., Talbot, R. W., and Thornton, D. C.: Ozone and aerosol distributions and air mass characteristics over the South Pacific during the burning season, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16 197-16 212, 1999.
16. Fuelberg, H. E., Newell, R. E., Longmore, S. P., Zhu, Y., Westberg, D. J., Browell, E. V., Blake, D. R., Gregory, G. L., and Sachse, G. W.: A meteorological overview of the Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics period, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5585-5622, 1999.
17. Fuelberg, H. E., Hannan, J. R., van Velthoven, P. F. J., Browell, E. V., Bieberach, G. J., Knabb, R. D., Gregory, G. L., Pickering, K. E., and Selkirk, H. B.: A meteorological overview of the Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) period, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3633-3651, 2000.
18. Grant, W. B., Browell, E. V., Butler, C. F., et al.: A case study of transport of tropical marine boundary layer and lower tropospheric air masses to the northern midlatitude upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3757-3770, 2000.
19. Gregory, G. L., Westberg, D. J., Shipham, M. C., Blake, D. R., Newell, R. E., Fuelberg, H. E., Talbot, R. W., Heikes, B. G., Atlas, E. L., Sachse, G. W., Anderson, B. A., and Thornton, D. C.: Chemical characteristics of Pacific tropospheric air in the region of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and South Pacific Convergence Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5677-5696, 1999.
20. Grewe, V., Brunner, D., Dameris, M., Grenfell, J. L., Hein, R., Shindell, D., and Staehelin, J.: Origin and variability of upper tropospheric nitrogen oxides and ozone at northern mid-latitudes, Atmos. Envir., 35, 3421-3433, 2001.
21. Hauglustaine, D. A. and Brasseur, G. P.: Evolution of tropospheric ozone under anthropogenic activities and associated radiative forcing of climate, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32 337-32 360, 2001.
22. x ratio in the remote troposphere during MLOPEX2: Evidence for nitric acid reduction on carbonaceous aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2609-2612, 1996.
23. Hauglustaine, D. A., Hourdin, F., Jourdin, L., Filiberti, M.-A., Walters, S., Lamarque, J.-F., and Holland, E. A.: Interactive chemistry in the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique general circulation model: Description and background tropospheric chemistry evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04 314, doi:10.1029/2003JD003 957, 2004.
24. Hein, R., Dameris, M., Schnadt, C., Land, C., Grewe, V, Köhler, I., Ponater, M., Sausen, R., Steil, B., Landgraf, J., and Brühl, C.: Results of an interactively coupled atmospheric chemistry-general circulation model: Comparison with observations, Ann. Geophys., 19, 435-457, 2001, SRef-ID: 1432-0576/ag/2001-19-435.
25. Hoell, J. M., Davis, D. D., Jacob, D. J., Rodgers, M. O., Newell, R. E., Fuelberg, H. E., McNeal, R. J., Raper, J. L., and Bendura, R. J.: Pacific Exploratory Mission in the tropical Pacific: PEM-Tropics A, August-September 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5567-5583, 1999.
26. Horowitz, L. W., Walters, S., Mauzerall, D. L., Emmons, L. K., Rasch, P. J., Granier, C., Tie, X., Lamarque, J.-F., Schultz. M. G., Tyndall, G. S., Orlando, J. J., and Brasseur, G. P.: A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD002 853, 2003.
27. Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., and Xiaosu, D. (Eds): IPCC Third Assessment Report: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2001.
28. Jacob, D. J.: Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Envir., 34, 2131-2159, 2000.
29. Jacob, D. J., Prather, M., Rasch, P., et al.: Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using Rn222 and other short-lived tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5953-5970, 1997.
30. x saturated conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3081-3084, 1999.
31. x radicals in the upper troposphere, Atmos. Envir., 35, 469-489, 2001.
32. Jeker, D. P., Pfister, L., Thompson, A. M., Brunner, D., Boccippio, D. J., Pickering, K. E., Wernli, H., Kondo, Y., and Staehelin, J.: Measurements of nitrogen oxides at the tropopause: Attribution to convection and correlation with lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3679-3700, 2000.
33. x emissions from subsonic aircraft in a global three-dimensional chemistry transport model including plume processes, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4655, doi:10.1029/2001JD001019, 2002.
34. Kuhlmann, R. v., Lawrence, M. G., Crutzen, P. J., and Rasch, P. J.: A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and non-methane hydrocarbons: model evaluation of ozone related species, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4729, doi:10.1029/2002JD003348, 2003.
35. Lamarque, J.-F., Brasseur, G. P., and Hess, P. G.: Three-dimensional study of the relative contributions of the different nitrogen sources in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22 955-22 968, 1996.
36. Law, K. S., Plantevin, P. H., Thouret, V., et al.: Comparison between global chemistry transport model results and measurements of ozone and water vapor by airbus in-service aircraft (MOZAIC) data, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1503-1525, 2000.
37. Lawrence, M. G. and Crutzen, P. J.: The impact of cloud particle gravitational settling on soluble trace gas distributions, Tellus, Ser. B, 50, 263-289, 1998.
38. Lelieveld, J. and Dentener, F.: What controls tropospheric ozone?, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3531-3551, 2000.
39. x: Its evaluation, global distribution and individual source contributions, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26 269-26 306, 1999.
40. Marenco, A., Thouret, V., Nedelec, P., et al.: Measurement of ozone and water vapor by Airbus in-service aircraft: The MOZAIC airborne program, An overview, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25 631-25 642, 1998.
41. x from air traffic, lightning, and surface emissions, compared with measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3833-3850, 2000.
42. Meijer, E. W., van Velthoven, P. F. J., Brunner, D., and Kelder, H.: Improvement and evaluation of the parameterisation of nitrogen oxide production by lightning, J. Phys. Chem. Earth (C), 26, 577-583, 2001.
43. Meijer, E. W., van Velthoven, P. F. J., Segers, A., Bregman, B., and Brunner, D.: Improved mass fluxes in a global chemistry-transport model: implications for upper-tropospheric chemistry. Proc. of the European conference on Aviation, Atmosphere and Climate, Friedrichshafen, Germany, June 30 to July 3 2003, European Commission, Air pollution research report, 83, 128-133, 2004.
44. NASA: Atmospheric Effects of Aviation, A Review of NASA's Subsonic Assessment Project, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1999.
45. Olson, J. R., Baum, B. A., Cahoon, D. R., and Crawford, J. H.: Frequency and distribution of forest, savanna, and crop fires over tropical regions during PEM-Tropics A, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5865-5876, 1999.
46. Penner, J. E., Lister, D., Griggs, D., Docken, D., and MacFarland, M. (Eds): IPCC Special Report on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1999.
47. x for use in regional and global chemical transport models, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31 203-31 216, 1998.
48. Pitari, G., Mancini, E., Rizi, V., and Shindell, D. T.: Impact of future climate and emission changes on stratospheric aerosols and ozone, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 414-440, 2002.
49. x budget in the upper troposphere over the tropical South Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6669-6679, 2000.
50. x over the tropical South Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5829-5843, 1999.
51. Singh, H. B., Thompson, A. M., and Schlager, H.: The 1997 SONEX aircraft campaign and coordinated POLINAT 2 activity: Overview and accomplishments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3053-3056, 1999.
52. Staudt, A. C., Jacob, D. J., Logan, J. A., Bachiochi, D., Krishnamurti, T. N., and Poisson, N.: Global chemical model analysis of biomass burning and lightning influences over the South Pacific in austral spring, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4200, doi:10.1029/2003JD004284 2002.
53. Taylor, K. E.: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7183-7192, 2001.
54. Thompson, A. M., Sparling, L. C., Kondo, Y., Anderson, B. E., Gregory, G. L., and Sachse, G. W.: Perspectives on NO, NOy, and fine aerosol sources and variability during SONEX, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3073-3076, 1999.
55. Wang, Y. and Logan, J. A.: Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31 123-31 135, 1998.
56. x-hydrocarbon chemistry - 2. Model evaluation and global ozone budget, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10 727-10 755, 1998.
57. Wei, C. F., Kotamarthi, V. R., Ogunsola, O. J., Horowitz, L. W., Walters, S., Wuebbles, D. J., Avery, M. A., Blake, D. R., Browell, E. V., and Sachse, G. W.: Seasonal variability of ozone mixing ratios and budgets in the tropical southern Pacific: A GCTM perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8235, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000772, 2003.
58. 3 in the upper troposphere, Science, 279, 49-53, 1998.