Iron deficiency: A concise review

American Journal of Hematology

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 225-231

  Umbreit, Jay ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

DMT 1; Ferroportin; Hepcidin; Hephaestin; Iron deficiency anemia; Iron sucrose; Mobilferrin

Indexed keywords

CERULOPLASMIN; FERRIC CITRATE; FERRIC GLUCONATE; FERRIC HYDROXIDE SUCROSE; FERRITIN; FERROCHELATASE; FERROPORTIN 1; FERROUS ION; FERROUS SULFATE; HEPCIDIN; IRON; IRON DEXTRAN; IRON SALT; NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN 2; TRANSFERRIN; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR;

BONE MARROW; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FERRITIN BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; IRON ABSORPTION; IRON BINDING CAPACITY; IRON BLOOD LEVEL; IRON DEFICIENCY; IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; IRON INTAKE; IRON METABOLISM; IRON STORAGE; IRON THERAPY; IRON TRANSPORT; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SMEAR; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT INDICATION;

ANEMIA, IRON-DEFICIENCY; FERROUS COMPOUNDS; HUMANS; IRON; IRON-BINDING PROTEINS;

EID: 14644389345     PISSN: 03618609     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20249     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Pollitt E. Iron deficiency and cognitive function. Annu Rev Nutr 1993;13:521-537.
2. Idjradinata P, Pollitt E. Reversal of developmental delays in iron-deficient anaemic infants treated with iron. Lancet 1993;341:1-4.
3. Scholl TO, Hediger ML, Fischer RL, Shearer JW. Anemia vs iron deficiency: increased risk of preterm delivery in a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:985-988.
4. Stoltzfus R. Summary: implications for research and programs. J Nutr 2001;131:697S-701S.
5. Grantham-McGregor S, Ani C. A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. J Nutr 2001;131:649S-668S.
6. Sandstead HH. Causes of iron and zinc deficiencies and their effects on the brain. J Nutr 2000;130:347-349.
7. Hass JD, Brownlie T. Iron deficiency and reduced work capacity: a critical review of the research to determine a causal relationship. J Nutr 2001;131:676S-690S.
8. th, Utermohlen V, Hinton PS, Haas JD. Tissue iron deficiency without anemia impairs adaptation in endurance capacity after aerobic training in previously untrained women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:437-443.
9. Pizarro F, Yip R, Dallman PR, Olivares M, Hertrampf E, Walter T. Iron status with different infant feeding regimens: relevance to screening and preventive iron deficiency. J Pediatr 1991;118:687-692.
10. Lookler AC, Dallman PR, Carroll MD, Gunter EW, Johnson CL. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States. J Am Med Assoc 1997;277:973-976.
11. DeMaeyer E, Adiels-Tegman M. The prevalence of anaemia in the world. World Health Stat Q 1985;38:302-316.
12. Crompton DWT, Nesheim MC. Nutritional impact of intestinal helminthiasis during the human life cycle. Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:35-99.
13. Cooper ES, Bundy DAP. Trichuriasis. Ballieres Clin Trop Med Commun Dis 1987;3:629-643.
14. Layrisse M, Aparcedo L, Martinez-Torres C, Roche M. Blood loss due to infection with Trichuris trichiura. Am J Clin Nutr 1967;16:613-619.
15. Pawlowski ZS, Schad GA, Stott GJ. 1991. Hookworm infection and anaemia. Geneva: WHO.
16. WHO. 1996. Report of the WHO Informal Consultation on hookworm infection and anaemia in girls and women. WHO/CTD/SIP/96.1. Geneva: WHO.
17. Welffens-Ekra CH, Kibora M, Koume P, et al. Efficacite et tolerance de l'Helmintox chez la femme enceinte en Cote d'Ivoire. Med Afr Noire 1990;37:800-803.
18. Atukorala TMS, de Silva LD, Dechering WH, Dassenaeike TS, Perera RS. Evaluation of effectiveness of iron-folate supplementation and anthelmintic therapy against anaemia in pregnancy - a study in the plantation sector of Sri Lanka. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:286-292.
19. Torlesse H, Hodges M. Anthelminthic treatment and haemoglobin concentrations during pregnancy. Lancet 2000;35b:1083.
20. Stoltzfus RJ, Chwaya HM, Tielsch J, et al. Epidemiology of iron deficiency anaemia in Zanzibari schoolchildren: the importance of hookworms. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:153-159.
21. Brookes RM, Latham MC, Crompton DWT. The relationship of nutrition and health to worker productivity in Kenya. East Afr Med J 1979;56:413-421.
22. Wolgemuth JC, Latham MC, Hall A, Chesher A, Crompton DWT. Worker Productivity and the nutritional status of Kenyan road construction laborers. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36:68-78.
23. Stephenson LS, Holland CV, Ottesen EA (editors). Controlling intestinal helminths while eliminating lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 2000;121(Suppl):S5-S22.
24. Monsen ER. Iron nutrition and absorption: dietary factors which impact on bioavailability. J Am Diet Assoc 1988;88:786-790.
25. Carpenter CE, Mahoney AW. Contribution of heme and non-heme iron to human nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1992;31:333-337.
26. Champagne ET. Low gastric hydrochloric acid secretion and mineral bioavailability. Adv Exp Med Biol 1989;249:173-184.
27. Annibale B, Capurso G, Lahner E, et al. Concomitant alterations in intragastric pH and ascorbic acid concentration in patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and associated iron deficiency anemia. Gut 2003;52:496-501.
28. Glaspy J, Cavill I. Role of iron in optimizing response of anemic cancer patients to erythropoietin. Oncology (Huntingt) 1999;13:461-473.
29. Eckardt KU. Anemia in critical illness. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2001;113:84-89.
30. Scharte M, Fink MP. Red blood cell physiology in critical illness. Crit Care Med 2003;31(12 Suppl):S651-S657.
31. Ponka P, Sheftel AD, Zhang AS Iron targeting to mitochondria in erythroid cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2000;30:735-738.
32. Donovan A, Brownlie A, Dorschner MO, et al. The zebrafish mutant gene chardonnay (cdy) encodes divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). Blood 2003;100:4655-4659.
33. Fleming MD, Romano MA, Su MA, Garrick LM, Garrick MD, Andrews NC. Nramp2 is mutated in the anemic Belgrade (b) rat: evidence of a role for Nramp2 in endosomal iron transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:1148-1153.
34. Conrad ME, Umbreit JN. Pathways of iron absorption. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2002;29:336-355.
35. Canonne-Hergaux F, Fleming MD, Levy JE, et al. The Nramp2/ DMT1 iron transporter is induced in the duodenum of microcytic anemia mk mice but is not properly targeted to the intestinal brush border. Blood 2000;96:3964-3970.
36. Yeh KY, Yeh M, Watkins JA, Rodriguez-Paris J, Glass J. Dietary iron induces rapid changes in rat intestinal divalent metal transporter expression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 279:G1070-1079.
37. Ma Y, Specian RD, Yeh KY, Yeh M, Rodriguez-Paris J, Glass J. The transcytosis of divalent metal transporter 1 and apo-transferrin during iron uptake in intestinal epithelium. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002;283:G965-974.
38. Simovich M, Hainsworth LN, Fields PA, Umbreit JN, Conrad ME. Localization of the iron transport proteins Mobilferrin and DMT-1 in the duodenum: the surprising role of mucin. Am J Hematol 2003;74:32-45.
39. Aisen P, Enns C, Wessling-Resnick M. Chemistry and biology of eukaryotic iron metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2001;33:940-959.
40. McKie AT, Marciani P, Rolfs A, et al. A novel duodenal iron-regulated transporter, IREG1, implicated in the basolateral transfer of iron to the circulation. Mol Cell 2000;5:299-230.
41. Chen H, Su T, Attieh ZK, et al. Systemic regulation of Hepaestin and Iref 1 revealed in studies of genetics and nutritional iron deficiency. Blood 2003;102:1893-1899.
42. Umbreit JN, Conrad ME, Moore EG, Latour LF. Iron absorption and cellular transport: the mobilferrin/paraferritin paradigm. Semin Hematol 1998;35:13-26.
43. Leong W-I, Lonnerdal B. Hepcidin, the recently identified peptide that appears to regulate iron absorption. J Nutr 2004;134:1-4.
44. Nicolas G, Bennoun M, Devaux I, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:8780-8785.
45. Pigeon C, Ilyin G, Courselaud B, et al. A new mouse liver-specific gene, encoding a protein homologous to human antimicrobial peptide hepcidin, is overexpressed during iron overload. J Biol Chem 2001;276:7811-7819.
46. Frazer DM, Anderson GJ. The orchestration of body iron intake: how and where do enterocytes receive their cues? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2003;30:288-297.
47. Frazer DM, Wilkins SJ, Becker EM, et al. A rapid decrease in the expression of DMT1 and Dcytb but not Ireg1 or hephaestin explains the mucosal block phenomenon of iron absorption. Gut 2003;52:340-346.
48. Laftah AH, Ramesh B, Simpson RJ, et al. Effect of hepcidin on intestinal iron absorption in mice. Blood 2004;103(10):3940-3944 [Epub ahead of print 29 January 2004].
49. Weinstein DA, Roy CN, Fleming MD, Loda MF, Wolfsdorf JI, Andrews NC. Inappropriate expression of hepcidin is associated with iron refractory anemia: implications for the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 2002;100:3776-3781.
50. Nemeth E, Valore EV, Territo M, Schiller G, Lichtenstein A, Ganz T. Hepcidin, a putative mediator of anemia of inflammation, is a type II acute-phase protein. Blood 2003;101:2461-2463.
51. Roy CN, Weinstein DA, Andrews NC. 2002 E. Mead Johnson Award for Research in Pediatrics Lecture: the molecular biology of the anemia of chronic disease: a hypothesis. Pediatr Res 2003;53:507-512.
52. Hunter AR, Jackson RJ. Control of haemoglobin synthesis. The effects of iron deprivation, cobalt, and temperature on the rate and extent of globin synthesis in reticulocytes. Eur J Biochem 1975; 58:421-430.
53. Nyholm S, Mann GJ, Johansson AG, Bergeron RJ, Graslund A, Thelander L. Role of ribonucleotide reductase in inhibition of mammalian cell growth by potent iron chelators. J Biol Chem 1993;268:26200-26205.
54. Cavanaugh PF, Porter CW, Tukalo D, Frankfurt OS, Ziatko P, Bergeron RJ. Characterization of L1210 cell growth inhibition by the bacterial iron chelators parabactin and compound II. Cancer Res 1985;45:4754-4759.
55. Chitambar CR, Wereley JP, Heiman T, Antholine WE, O'Brien WJ. Cellular adaptation to down regulated iron transport into lymphoid leukemia cells: effects on the expression of the gene for ribonucleotide reductase. Biochem J 2000;345:681-685.
56. McLane JA, Fell RD, McKay RH, Winder WW, Brown EB, Holloszy JO. Physiological and biochemical effects of iron deficiency on rat skeletal muscle function. Am J Physiol 1981;241:C47-C54.
57. De Urgria M, Rao R, Wobken JD, Luciana M, Nelson CA, Georgieff MK. Perinatal iron deficiency decreases cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx) activity in selected regions of neonatal rat brain. Pediatr Res 2000;48:169-176.
58. Stangl GI, Kirchgessner. Effect of different degrees of moderate iron deficiency on the activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, and the cytochrome oxidase, and the iron, copper and zinc concentrations in rat tissues. Z Ernahrungswiss 1998;37: 260-268.
59. Stangl GI, Kirchgessner M. Different degrees of moderate iron deficiency modulates lipid metabolism of rats. Lipids 1998;33: 889-895.
60. Atmatzidis K, Papaziogas B, Pavlidis T, Mirelis Ch, Papaziogas T. Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Dis Esophagus 2003;16:154-157.
61. Gao XH, Li X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen HD. Familial koilonychias. Int J Dermatol 2001;40:290-291.
62. Brugnara C. Iron deficiency and erythropoiesis: new diagnostic approaches. Clin Chem 2003;49:1573-1578.
63. Punnonen K, Irjala K, Rajamaki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood 1997;89:1052-1057.
64. Cook JD, Flowers CH, Skikne BS. The quantitative assessment of body iron. Blood 2003;101:3359-3364.
65. Choi JW, Pai SH, Im MW, Kim SK. Change in transferrin receptor concentration with age. Clin Chem 1999;45:1562-1563.
66. Rimon E, Levy S, Sapir A, et al. Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in the elderly by transferrin receptor-ferritin index. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:445-449.
67. Lee JE, Oh E-J, Park Y-J, Lee HK, Kim BK. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), ferritin, and sTfR/log ferritin index in anemic patients with nonhematologic malignancy and chronic inflammation. Clin Chem 2002;48:1118-1121.
68. Labbe RF, Dewanji A. Iron assessment tests: transferrin receptor vis-à-vis zinc protoporphyrin. Clin Biochem 2004;37:165-174.
69. Brugnara C. Reticulocyte cellular indices: a new approach in the diagnosis of anemias and monitoring of erythropoietic function. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2000;37:93-130.
70. Geisser P, Baer M, Schaub E. Structure/histotoxicity relationship of parenteral iron preparations. Drug Res 1992;42:1439-1452.
71. Nissenson AR, Berns JS, Sakiewicz P, et al. Clinical evaluation of heme iron polypeptide: sustaining a response to rHuEPO in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42:325-330.
72. Beryman C. Iron deficiency and anemia in pregnancy, modern aspects of diagnosis and therapy. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2002;29:506-516.