Spectroscopic ellipsometry of grafted poly(dimethylsiloxane) brushes in carbon dioxide

Journal of Supercritical Fluids

Volumn 32, Issue 1-3, 2004, Pages 265-273

  Sirard, S M ^a   Castellanos, H ^a   Green, P F ^a   Johnston, K P ^a  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

Author keywords

Ellipsometry; Grafted brush; PDMS; Solvent quality; Supercritical carbon dioxide

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; NEUTRONS; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SILICA; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS;

BRUSH PROPERTIES; CHAIN EXTENSION; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY (SE);

GRAFT COPOLYMERS;

CARBON DIOXIDE; DIMETICONE; SILICON DERIVATIVE; SOLVENT;

ARTICLE; DENSITY; ELLIPSOMETRY; LIQUID; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT;

EID: 14344254055     PISSN: 08968446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2004.01.001     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. DeSimone J.M. Practical approaches to green solvents. Science. 297:2002;799
2. Cooper A.I. Polymer synthesis and processing using supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Mater. Chem. 10:2000;207
3. Lee C.T., Psathas P.A., Johnston K.P., deGrazia J., Randolph T.W. Water-in-carbon dioxide emulsions: formation and stability. Langmuir. 15:1999;6781
4. Lee C.T., Psathas P.A., Ziegler K.J., Johnston K.P., Dai H.J., Cochran H.D., Melnichenko Y.B., Wignall G.D. Formation of water-in-carbon dioxide microemulsions with a cationic surfactant: a small-angle neutron scattering study. J. Phys. Chem. B. 104:2000;11094
5. Canelas D.A., Betts D.E., DeSimone J.M. Dispersion polymerization of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide: importance of effective surfactants. Macromolecules. 29:1996;2818
6. Calvo L., Holmes J.D., Yates M.Z., Johnston K.P. Steric stabilization of inorganic suspensions in carbon dioxide. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 16:2000;247
7. 2 using fluorinated ligands. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:2000;4245
8. Kazarian S.G. Applications of FTIR spectroscopy to supercritical fluid drying, extraction, and impregnation. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 32:1997;301
9. 2. Polym. Eng. Sci. 42:2002;2094
10. Taylor D.K., Carbonell R., DeSimone J.M. Opportunities for pollution prevention and energy efficiency enabled by the carbon dioxide technology platform. Ann. Rev. Energy Environ. 25:2000;115
11. 2 processing for submicron imaging of fluoropolymers. Chem. Mater. 12:2000;41
12. Namatsu H. Supercritical drying for water-rinsed resist systems. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 18:2000;3308
13. Goldfarb D.L., de Pablo J.J., Nealey P.F., Simons J.P., Moreau W.M., Angelopoulos M. Aqueous-based photoresist drying using supercritical carbon dioxide to prevent pattern collapse. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 18:2000;3313
14. 2 applications in microelectronics processing. Microelectron. Eng. 65:2003;145
15. 2 as a developer. Chem. Vap. Deposition. 7:2001;195
16. Blackburn J.M., Long D.P., Cabanas A., Watkins J.J. Deposition of conformal copper and nickel films from supercritical carbon dioxide. Science. 294:2001;141
17. O'Neill M.L., Cao Q., Fang R., Johnston K.P., Wilkinson S.P., Smith C.D., Kerschner J.L., Jureller S.H. Solubility of homopolymers and copolymers in carbon dioxide. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 37:1998;3067
18. 2 emulsions: trisiloxanes. Langmuir. 19:2003;3114
19. 2 down to low pressures. Nature. 405:2000;165
20. 2-philes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39:2000;4678
21. 2-philes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124:2002;7274
22. Johnston K.P., Cho D., DaRocha S.R.P., Psathas P.A., Ryoo W., Webber S.E., Eastoe J., Dupont A., Steytler D.C. Water in carbon dioxide macroemulsions and miniemulsions with a hydrocarbon surfactant. Langmuir. 17:2001;7191
23. Mawson S., Yates M.Z., O'Neill M.L., Johnston K.P. Stabilized polymer microparticles by precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent. 2. Poly(propylene oxide) and poly(butylene oxide)-based copolymers. Langmuir. 13:1997;1519
24. 2. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 258:2003;367
25. Peck D.G., Johnston K.P. Lattice fluid self-consistent field theory of surfaces with anchored chains. Macromolecules. 26:1993;1537
26. Meredith J.C., Johnston K.P. Theory of polymer adsorption and colloid stabilization in supercritical fluids. 2. Copolymer and end-grafted stabilizers. Macromolecules. 31:1998;5518
27. Meredith J.C., Sanchez I.C., Johnston K.P., Pablo J.J. Simulation of structure and interaction forces for surfaces coated with grafted chains in a compressible solvent. J. Chem. Phys. 109:1998;6424
28. Meredith J.C., Johnston K.P. Density dependence of homopolymer adsorption and colloidal interaction forces in a supercritical solvent: Monte Carlo simulation. Langmuir. 15:1999;8037
29. Sirard S.M., Gupta R.R., Russell T.P., Watkins J.J., Green P.F., Johnston K.P. Structure of end-grafted polymer brushes in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide: a neutron reflectivity study. Macromolecules. 36:2003;3365
30. Russell T.P. X-ray and neutron reflectivity for the investigation of polymers. Mat. Sci. Rep. 5:1990;171
31. R.M.A. Azzam, N.M. Bashara, Ellipsometry and Polarized Light, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1977.
32. H.G. Tompkins, W.A. McGahan, Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Reflectometry, Wiley, New York, 1999.
33. Sirard S.M., Green P.F., Johnston K.P. Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigation of the swelling of poly(dimethylsiloxane) thin films exposed to high pressure carbon dioxide. J. Phys. Chem. B. 105:2001;766
34. Sirard S.M., Ziegler K.J., Sanchez I.C., Green P.F., Johnston K.P. Anomalous properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films in supercritical carbon dioxide. Macromolecules. 35:2002;1928
35. 2, Physica IV (1937) 995.
36. Lewis J.E., Biswas R., Robinson A.G., Maroncelli M. Local density augmentation in supercritical solvents: electronic shifts of anthracene derivatives. J. Phys. Chem. B. 105:2001;3306
37. 2) (Glass), in: E.D. Palik (Ed.), Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, vol. 1, Harcourt Brace Javanovich, 1985 p. 749.
38. Jellison G.E. Opt. Mater. 1:1992;41
39. Zeghal M., Deloche B., Albouy P.A., Auroy P. Chain-segment order and dynamics in a grafted polymer melt: a deuterium NMR study. Phys. Rev. E: Stat. Phys., Plasmas, Fluids. 56:1997;5603
40. 2. Macromolecules. 32:1999;5344
41. Tiberg F., Jonsson B., Lindman B. Ellipsometry studies of the self-assembly of nonionic surfactants at the silica-water interface: kinetic aspects. Langmuir. 10:1994;3714
42. Filippov L.K. Study of diffusion in films on planar substrates by ellipsometry. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89:1993;4053
43. Keddie J.L., Jones R., Cory R. Interface and surface effects on the glass-transition temperature in thin polymer films. Faraday Discuss. 98:1994;219
44. 2-induced devitrification in polymer films, Phys. Rev. Letters 91 (2003) 175503/1.
45. Fleming G.K., Koros W.J. Dilation of polymers by sorption of carbon dioxide at elevated pressures. 1. Silicone rubber and unconditioned polycarbonate. Macromolecules. 19:1986;2285
46. Pope D.S., Sanchez I.C., Koros W.J., Fleming G.K. Statistical thermodynamic interpretation of sorption/dilation behavior of gases in silicone rubber. Macromolecules. 24:1991;1779
47. Yates M.Z., Shah P., Johnston K.P., Lim K.T., Webber S. Steric stabilization of colloids by poly(dimethylsiloxane) in carbon dioxide: effect of cosolvents. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 227:2000;176
48. Melnichenko Y.B., Kiran E., Heath K.D., Salaniwal S., Cochran H.D., Stamm M., Van Hook W.A., Wignall G.D. Comparison of the behavior of polymers in supercritical fluids and organic solvents via small-angle neutron scattering. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 33:2000;682
49. G.J. Fleer, M.A.C. Stuart, J.M.H.M. Scheutjens, T. Cosgrove, B. Vincent, Polymers at Interfaces, Chapman & Hall, London, 1993.
50. Perkel R., Ullman R. The adsorption of polydimethylsiloxanes from solution. J. Poly. Sci. 54:1961;127
51. Patel A., Cosgrove T., Semlyen J.A. Studies of cyclic and linear poly(dimethylsiloxanes). 30. Adsorption studies on silica in solution. Polymer. 32:1991;1313
52. Karim A., Satija S.K., Douglas J.F., Ankner J.F., Fetters L.J. Neutron reflectivity study of the density profile of a model end-grafted polymer brush: influence of solvent quality. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73:1994;3407
53. Kent M.S., Majewski J., Smith G.S., Lee L.T., Satija S.K. Tethered chains in poor solvent conditions: An experimental study involving Langmuir diblock copolymer monolayers. J. Chem. Phys. 110:1999;3553