The Role of Antibodies in Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Relevance to Human Disease

Advances in Immunology

Volumn 82, Issue , 2004, Pages 217-248

  Monach, Paul A ^a   Benoist, Christophe ^a   Mathis, Diane ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; CD4 ANTIGEN; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C5A; FC RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 6;

ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX; ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY; AUTOIMMUNITY; B LYMPHOCYTE; COMPLEMENT CLASSICAL PATHWAY; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOREGULATION; MACROPHAGE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MAST CELL; MOUSE; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 1142274317     PISSN: 00652776     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2776(04)82005-4     Document Type: Article

References (176)

1. Alonzi, T., Fattori, E., Lazzaro, D., Costa, P., Probert, L., Kollias, G., De Benedetti, F., Poli, V., and Ciliberto, G. (1998). Interleukin 6 is required for the development of collagen-induced arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 187, 461-468.
2. Andrews, B. S., Eisenberg, R. A., Theofilopoulos, A. N., Izui, S., Wilson, C. B., McConahey, P. J., Murphy, E. D., Roths, J. B., and Dixon, F. J. (1978). Spontaneous murine lupus-like syndromes. Clinical and immunopathological manifestations in several strains. J. Exp. Med. 148, 1198-1215.
3. Atsumi, T., Ishihara, K., Kamimura, D., Ikushima, H., Ohtani, T., Hirota, S., Kobayashi, H., Park, S. J., Saeki, Y., Kitamura, Y., and Hirano, T. (2002). A point mutation of Tyr-759 in interleukin 6 family cytokine receptor subunit gp130 causes autoimmune arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 196(7), 979-990.
4. + T cells. Cell. Immunol. 144(2), 347-357.
5. Bardos, T., Zhang, J., Mikecz, K., David, C. S., and Glant, T. T. (2002). Mice lacking endogenous major histocompatibility complex class II develop arthritis resembling psoriatic arthritis at an advanced age. Arthritis Rheum. 46(9), 2465-2475.
6. Beech, J. T., and Thompson, S. J. (1997). Anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy ameliorates joint disease in a chronic model of inflammatory arthritis. Br. J. Rheumatol. 36(10), 1129.
7. Benoist, C., and Mathis, D. (2002). Mast cells in autoimmune disease. Nature 420(6917), 875-878.
8. Blanco, N. E., Dobkin, L. W., and Schur, P. H. (1974). Immunological properties of isolated IgG and IgM anti-gamma-globulins (rheumatoid factors). Clin. Exp. Immunol. 17(1), 91-101.
9. Boissier, M. C., Chiocchia, G., Ronziere, M. C., Herbage, D., and Fournier, C. (1990). Arthritogenicity of minor cartilage collagens (types IX and XI) in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 33(1), 1-8.
10. Bouvet, J. P., Couderc, J., Bouthillier, Y., Franc, B., Ducailar, A., and Mouton, D. (1990). Spontaneous rheumatoid-like arthritis in a line of mice sensitive to collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 33(11), 1716-1722.
11. Brackertz, D., Mitchell, G. F., and Mackay, I. R. (1977a). Antigen-induced arthritis in mice. I. Induction of arthritis in various strains of mice. Arthritis Rheum. 20(3), 841-850.
12. Brackertz, D., Mitchell, G. F., Vadas, M. A., and Mackay, I. R. (1977b). Studies on antigen-induced arthritis in mice. III. Cell and serum transfer experiments. J. Immunol. 118(5), 1645-1648.
13. Bresnihan, B., Alvaro-Gracia, J. M., Cobby, M., Doherty, M., Domljan, Z., Emery, P., Nuki, G., Pavelka, K., Rau, R., Rozman, B., Watt, I., Williams, B., Aitchison, R., McCabe, D., and Musikic, P. (1998). Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 antagonist. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 2196-2204.
14. Britton, M. C., and Schur, P. H. (1971). The complement system in rheumatoid synovitis. II. Intracytoplasmic inclusions of immunoglobulins and complement. Arthritis Rheum. 14(1), 87-95.
15. Bruhns, P., Samuelsson, A., Pollard, J. W., and Ravetch, J. V. (2003). Colony-stimulating factor-1-dependent macrophages are responsible for IVIG protection in antibody-induced autoimmune disease. Immunity 18(4), 573-581.
16. Brun, J. G., Madland, T. M., and Vedeler, C. A. (2002). Immunoglobulin G fc-receptor (FcgammaR) IIA, IIIA, and IIIB polymorphisms related to disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 29(6), 1135-1140.
17. Burg, N. D., and Pillinger, M. H. (2001). The neutrophil: Function and regulation in innate and humoral immunity. Clin. Immunol. 99(1), 7-17.
18. Butler, D. M., Malfait, A. M., Mason, L. J., Warden, P. J., Kollias, G., Maini, R. N., Feldmann, M., and Brennan, F. M. (1997). DBA/1 mice expressing the human TNF-alpha transgene develop a severe, erosive arthritis: Characterization of the cytokine cascade and cellular composition. J. Immunol. 159(6), 2867-2876.
19. Cambridge, G., Leandro, M. J., Edwards, J. C. W., Ehrenstein, M. R., Salden, M., and Webster, D. (2002). B Lymphocyte depletion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Serial studies of immunological parameters. Arthritis Rheum. 46, S506.
20. Cooke, T. D., Hurd, E. R., Ziff, M., and Jasin, H. E. (1972). The pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in experimental antigen-induced arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 135, 323-337.
21. Cooke, T. D., Hurd, E. R., Jasin, H. E., Bienenstock, J., and Ziff, M. (1975). Identification of immunoglobulins and complement in rheumatoid articular collagenous tissues. Arthritis Rheum. 18, 541-551.
22. Corr, M., and Crain, B. (2002). The role of FcgammaR signaling in the K/ B × N serum transfer model of arthritis. J. Immunol. 169(11), 6604-6609.
23. Corthay, A., Hansson, A. S., and Holmdahl, R. (2000). T lymphocytes are not required for the spontaneous development of entheseal ossification leading to marginal ankylosis in the DBA/1 mouse. Arthritis Rheum. 43(4), 844-851.
24. Courtenay, J. S., Dallman, M., Dayan, A., Martin, A., and Mosedale, B. (1980). Immunization against heterologous type II collagen induces arthritis in mice. Nature 283, 666-668.
25. Cromartie, W. J., Craddock, J. G., Schwab, J. H., Anderle, S. K., and Yang, C. H. (1977). Arthritis in rats after systemic injection of streptococcal cells or cell walls. J. Exp. Med. 146(6), 1585-1602.
26. Cuzzocrea, S., Mazzon, E., Dugo, L., Serraino, I., Britti, D., De Maio, M., and Caputi, A. P. (2001). Absence of endogeneous interleuldn-10 enhances the evolution of murine type-II collagen-induced arthritis. Eur. Cytokine Netw. 12(4), 568-580.
27. Deng, G. M., Nilsson, I. M., Verdrengh, M., Collins, L. V., and Tarkowski, A. (1999). Intra-articularly localized bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs induces arthritis. Nat. Med. 5(6), 702-705.
28. Deng, G. M., Verdrengh, M., Liu, Z. Q., and Tarkowski, A. (2000). The major role of macrophages and their product tumor necrosis factor alpha in the induction of arthritis triggered by baeterial DNA containing CpG motifs. Arthritis Rheum. 43(10), 2283-2289.
29. Diaz, D. S., Andren, M., Martinsson, P., Verbeek, J. S., and Kleinau, S. (2002). Expression of FcgammaRIII is required for development of collagen-induced asthritis. Eur. J. Immunol. 32(10), 2915-2922.
30. Douni, E., Akassoglou, K., Alexopoulou, L., Georgopoulos, S., Haralambous, S., Hill, S., Kassiotis, G., Kontoyiannis, D., Pasparakis, M., Plows, D., Probert, L., and Kollias, G. (1995). Transgenic and knockout analyses of the role of TNF in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis. J. Inflamm. 47(1-2), 27-38.
31. Edwards, J. C., and Cambridge, G. (1998). Rheumatoid arthritis: The predictable effect of small immune complexes in which antibody is also antigen. Br. J. Rheumatol. 37(2), 126-130.
32. Edwards, J. C. W., Szczepanski, L., Szechinski, J., Filipowicz-Sosnowska, A., Close, D., Stevens, R. M., and Shaw, T. M. (2002). Efficacy and safety of rituximab, a B-cell targeted chimeric monoclonal antibody: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 46, S197.
33. Ezaki, I., Okada, M., Yoshikawa, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Hashimoto, M., Otsuka, M., Nomura, T., Yamamoto, K., Watanabe, T., Shingu, M., and Nobunaga, M. (1996). Human monoclonal rheumatoid factors augment arthritis in mice by the activation of T cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 104(3), 474-482.
34. Firestein, G. S. (2001). Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In "Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology" (S. Ruddy, E. D. Harris, and C. B. Sledge, Eds.), 6th ed., pp. 921-966. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
35. Firestein, G. S. (2003). Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 423(6937), 356-361.
36. Firestein, G. S., and Zvaifler, N. J. (2002). How important are T cells in chronic rheumatoid synovitis?: II. T cell-independent mechanisms from beginning to end. Arthritis Rheum. 46(2), 298-308.
37. Gay, S., O'Sullivan, F. X., Gay, R. E., and Koopman, W. J. (1987). Humoral sensitivity to native collagen types I-VI in the arthritis of MRL/1 mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 45(1), 63-69.
38. Geiler, T., Kriegsmann, J., Keyszer, G. M., Gay, R. E., and Gay, S. (1994). A new model for rheumatoid arthritis generated by engraftment of rheumatoid synovial tissue and normal human cartilage into SCID mice. Arthritis Rheum. 37(11), 1664-1671.
39. Gilkeson, G. S., Spurney, R., Coffman, T. M., Kurlander, R., Ruiz, P., and Pisetsky, D. S. (1992). Effect of anti-CD4 antibody treatment on inflammatory arthritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 64(2), 166-172.
40. Glant, T. T., Mikecz, K., Arzoumanian, A., and Poole, A. R. (1987). Proteoglycan-induced arthritis in BALB/c mice. Clinical features and histopathology. Arthritis Rheum. 30(2), 201-212.
41. Grant, E. P., Picarella, D., Burwell, T., Delaney, T., Croci, A., Avitahl, N., Humbles, A. A., Gutierrez-Ramos, J. C., Briskin, M., Gerard, C., and Coyle, A. J. (2002). Essential role for the C5a receptor in regulating the effector phase of synovial infiltration and joint destruction in experimental arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 196(11), 1461-1471.
42. Gurish, M. F., and Austen, K. F. (2001). The diverse roles of mast cells. J. Exp. Med. 194(1), F1-F5.
43. Hang, L., Theofilopoulos, A. N., and Dixon, F. J. (1982). A spontaneous rheumatoid arthritis-like disease in MRL/1 mice. J. Exp. Med. 155(6), 1690-1701.
44. Harris, J., and Vaughan, J. H. (1958). Transfusion studies in rheumatoid arthritis. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Rheumatism Association, San Francisco.
45. Hietala, M. A., Jonsson, I. M., Tarkowsld, A., Kleinau, S., and Pekna, M. (2002). Complement deficiency ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. J. Immunol. 169(1), 454-459.
46. Hom, J. T., Cole, H., and Bendele, A. M. (1990). Interleukin 1 enhances the development of spontaneous arthritis in MRL/lpr mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 55(1), 109-119.
47. Horai, R., Saijo, S., Tanioka, H., Nakae, S., Sudo, K., Okahara, A., Ikuse, T., Asano, M., and Iwakura, Y. (2000). Development of chronic inflammatory arthropathy resemblin rheumatoid arthritis in interleukin 1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice. J. Exp. Med. 191, 313-320.
48. Itoh, J., Nose, M., and Kyogoku, M. (1991). Pathogenic significance of serum components in the development of autoimmune polyarthritis in MRL/Mp mice bearing the lymphoproliferation gene. Am. J. Pathol. 139(3), 511-521.
49. Iwakura, Y. (2002). Roles of IL-1 in the development of rheumatoid arthritis: Consideration from mouse models. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13(4-5), 341-355.
50. Iwakura, Y., Tosu, M., Yoshida, E., Takiguchi, M., Sato, K., Kitajima, I., Nishioka, K., Yamamoto, K., Takeda, T., Hatanaka, M., Yamamoto, H., and Seldguchi, T. (1991). Induction of inflammatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis in mice transgenic for HTLV-I. Science 253, 1026-1028.
51. Iwakura, Y., Saijo, S., Kioka, Y., Nakayama-Yamada, J., Itagaki, K., Tosu, M., Asano, M., Kanai, Y., and Kakimoto, K. (1995). Autoimmunity induction by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 in transgenic mice that develop chronic inflammatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis in humans. J. Immunol. 155(3), 1588-1598.
52. Iwakura, Y., Itagaki, K., Ishitsuka, C., Yamasaki, Y., Matsuzawa, A., Yonehara, S., Karasawa, S., Ueda, S., and Saijo, S. (1998). The development of autoimmune inflammatory arthropathy in mice transgenic for the human T cell leukemia virus type-1 env-pX region is not dependent on H-2 haplotypes and modified by the expression levels of Fas antigen. J. Immunol. 161(12), 6592-6598.
53. Jain, R. I., Moreland, L. W., Caldwell, J. R., Rollins, S. A., and Mojcik, C. F. (1999). A single dose, placebo controlled, double blind, phase I study of the humanized anti-C5 antibody h5G1.1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 42, S77.
54. Jasin, H. E. (1985). Autoantibody specificities of immune complexes sequestered in articular cartilage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 28(3), 241-248.
55. Jawaheer, D., Seldin, M. F., Amos, C. I., Chen, W. V., Shigeta, R., Etzel, C., Damle, A., Xiao, X., Chen, D., Lum, R. F., Monteiro, J., Kern, M., Criswell, L. A., Albani, S., Nelson, J. L., Clegg, D. O., Pope, R., Schroeder, H. W., Jr., Bridges, S. L., Jr., Pisetsky, D. S., Ward, R., Kastner, D. L., Wilder, R. L., Pincus, T., Callaban, L. F., Flemming, D., Wener, M. H., and Gregersen, P. K. (2003). Screening the genome for rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility genes: A replication study and combined analysis of 512 multicase families. Arthritis Rheum. 48(4), 906-916.
56. Jenkins, R. N., Nikaein, A., Zimmermann, A., Meek, K., and Lipsky, P. E. (1993). T cell receptor V beta gene bias in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 92(6), 2688-2701.
57. Ji, H., Ohmura, K., Mahmood, U., Lee, D. M., Hofhuis, F. M. A., Boackle, S. A., Holers, V. M., Walport, M., Gerard, C., Ezekowitz, A., Carroll, M. C., Brenner, M., Weissleder, R., Verbeek, J. S., Duchatelle, V., Degott, C., Benoist, C., and Mathis, D. (2002a). Arthritis critically dependent on innate immune system players. Immunity 16, 157-168.
58. Ji, H., Pettit, A., Ohmura, K., Ortiz-Lopez, A., Duchatelle, V., Degott, C., Gravallese, E. M., Mathis, D., and Benoist, C. (2002b). Critical roles for interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in antibody-induced arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 196, 77-85.
59. Jones, V., Taylor, P. C., Jacoby, R. K., and Wallington, T. B. (1984). Synovial synthesis of rheumatoid factors and immune complex constituents in early arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43(2), 235-239.
60. Joosten, L., Helsen, M. M. A., van de Loo, F., and van den Berg, W. B. (1996). Anticytokine treatment of established type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: A comparative study using anti-TNF-α, anti-IL-α/β, and IL-1ra. Arthritis Rheum. 39, 797-809.
61. Joosten, L. A., Lubberts, E., Durez, P., Helsen, M. M., Jacobs, M. J., Goldman, M., and van den Berg, W. B. (1997a). Role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Protective effect of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 treatment on cartilage destruction. Arthritis Rheum. 40, 249-260.
62. Joosten, L. A., Lubberts, E., Helsen, M. M., and van den Berg, W. B. (1997b). Dual role of IL-12 in early and late stages of murine collagen type II arthritis. J. Immunol. 159(8), 4094-4102.
63. Joosten, L. A., Helsen, M. M., Saxne, T., van de Loo, F. A., Heinegard, D., and van den Berg, W. B. (1999). IL-1 alpha beta blockade prevents cartilage and bone destruction in murine type II collagen-induced arthritis, whereas TNF-alpha blockade only ameliorates joint inflammation. J. Immunol. 163(9), 5049-5055.
64. Joosten, L. A., Helsen, M. M., and van den Berg, W. B. (2000a). Blockade of endogenous interleukin 12 results in suppression of murine streptococcal cell wall arthritis by enhancement of interleukin 10 and interleukin 1Ra. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 59(3), 196-205.
65. Joosten, L. A., van de Loo, F. A., Lubberts, E., Helsen, M. M., Netea, M. G., Der Meer, J. W., Dinarello, C. A., and van den Berg, W. B. (2000b). An IFN-gamma-independent proinflammatory role of IL-18 in murine streptococcal cell wall arthritis. J. Immunol. 165(11), 6553-6558.
66. Kagari, T., Doi, H., and Shimozato, T. (2002). The importance of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, and the noninvolvement of IL-6, in the development of monoclonal antibody-induced arthritis. J. Immunol. 169(3), 1459-1466.
67. Kagari, T., Tanaka, D., Doi, H., and Shimozato, T. (2003). Essential role of Fegamma receptors in anti-type II collagen antibody-induced arthritis. J. Immunol. 170(8), 4318-4324.
68. Kamogawa, J., Terada, M., Mizuki, S., Nishihara, M., Yamamoto, H., Mori, S., Abe, Y., Morimoto, K., Nakatsuru, S., Nakamura, Y., and Nose, M. (2002). Arthritis in MRLApr mice is under the control of multiple gene loci with an allelic combination derived from the original inbred strains. Arthritis Rheum. 46(4), 1067-1074.
69. Kaplan, C., Valdez, J. C., Chandrasekaran, R., Eibel, H., Mikecz, K., Glant, T. T., and Finnegan, A. (2002a). Th1 and Th2 cytokines regulate proteoglycan-specific autoantibody isotypes and arthritis. Arthritis Res. 4(1), 54-58.
70. Kaplan, C. D., O'Neill, S. K., Koreny, T., Czipri, M., and Finnegan, A. (2002b). Development of inflammation in proteoglycan-induced arthritis is dependent on Fc gamma R regulation of the cytokine/chemokine environment. J. Immunol. 169(10), 5851-5859.
71. Kazatchkine, M. D., and Kaveri, S. V. (2001). Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immune globulin. N. Engl. J. Med. 345(10), 747-755.
72. Keffer, J., Probert, L., Cazlaris, H., Georgopoulos, S., Kaslaris, E., Kioussis, D., and Kollias, G. (1991). Transgenic mice expressing human tumour necrosis factor: A predictive genetic model of arthritis. EMBO J. 10, 4025-4031.
73. Keystone, E. C., Schorlemmer, H. U., Pope, C., and Allison, A. C. (1977). Zymosan-induced arthritis: A model of chronic proliferative arthritis following activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Arthritis Rheum. 20(7), 1396-1401.
74. Khare, S. D., Luthra, H. S., and David, C. S. (1995). Spontaneous inflammatory arthritis in HLA-B27 transgenic mice laking beta 2-microglobulin: A model of human spondyloarthropathies. J. Exp. Med. 182(4), 1153-1158.
75. Kinne, R. W., Brauer, R., Stuhlmuller, B., Palombo-Kinne, E., and Burmester, G. R. (2000). Macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. 2(3), 189-202.
76. Kleinau, S., Martinsson, P., and Heyman, B. (2000). Induction and suppression of collagen-induced arthritis is dependent on distinct fcgamma receptors. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1611-1616.
77. Knight, B., Katz, D. R., Isenberg, D. A., Ibrahim, M. A., Le Page, S., Hutchings, P., Schwartz, R. S., and Cooke, A. (1992). Induction of adjuvant arthritis in mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 90(3), 459-465.
78. Koga, T., Kakimoto, K., Hirofuji, T., Kotani, S., Ohkuni, H., Watanabe, K., Okada, N., Okada, H., Sumiyoshi, A., and Saisho, K. (1985). Acute joint inflammation in mice after systemic injection of the cell wall, its peptidoglycan, and chemically defined peptidoglycan subunits from various bacteria. Infect. Immunol. 50(1), 27-34.
79. Korganow, A.-S., Ji, H., Mangialaio, S., Duchatelle, V., Pelanda, R., Martin, T., Degott, C., Kikutani, H., Rajewsky, K., Pasquali, J.-L., Benoist, C., and Mathis, D. (1999). From systemic T cell self-reactivity to organ-specific autoimmune disease via immunoglobulins. Immunity 10, 451-461.
80. Kotani, M., Tagawa, Y., and Iwakura, Y. (1999). Involvement of autoimmunity against type II collagen in the development of arthritis in mice transgenic for the human T cell leukemia virus type I tax gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 29(1), 54-64.
81. Kouskoff, V., Korganow, A.-S., Duchatelle, V., Degott, C., Benoist, C., and Mathis, D. (1996). Organ-specific disease provoked by systemic autoreactivity. Cell 87, 811-822.
82. Kuiper, S., Joosten, L. A., Bendele, A. M., Edwards, C. K., III, Arntz, O. J., Helsen, M. M., van de Loo, F. A., and van den Berg, W. B. (1998). Different roles of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 in murine streptococcal cell wall arthritis. Cytokine 10(9), 690-702.
83. Kyburz, D., Carson, D. A., and Corr, M. (2000). The role of CD40 ligand and tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling in the transgenic K/BxN mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43(11), 2571-2577.
84. Lee, D. M., and Weinblatt, M. E. (2001). Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 358(9285), 903-911.
85. Lee, D. M., Friend, D. S., Gurish, M. F., Benoist, C., Mathis, D., and Brenner, M. B. (2002a). Mast cells: A cellular link between autoantibodies and inflammatory arthritis. Science 297(5587), 1689-1692.
86. Lee, D. M., Mathis, D., Benoist, C., and Brenner, M. B. (2002b). Presence of inflammation and pannus formation in mice lacking type A synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 44, S87.
87. Lens, J. W., van den Berg, W. B., Van de Putte, L. B., Berden, J. H., and Lems, S. P. (1984). Flare-up of antigen-induced arthritis in mice after challenge with intravenous antigen: Effects of pre-treatment with cobra venom factor and anti-lymphocyte serum. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 57(3), 520-528.
88. Levitt, N. G., Femandez-Madrid, F., and Wooley, P. H. (1992). Pristane induced arthritis in mice. IV. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocyte subsets. J. Rheumatol. 19(9), 1342-1347.
89. Lubberts, E., Joosten, L. A., Helsen, M. M., and van den Berg, W. B. (1998). Regulatory role of interleukin 10 in joint inflammation and cartilage destruction in murine streptococcal cell wall (SCW) arthritis. More therapeutic benefit with IL-4/IL-10 combination therapy than with IL-10 treatment alone. Cytokine 10(5), 361-369.
90. Maccioni, M., Zeder-Lutz, G., Huang, H., Ebel, C., Gerber, P., Hergueux, J., Marchal, P., Duchatelle, V., Degott, C., van Regenmortel, M., Benoist, C., and Mathis, D. (2002). Arthritogenic monoclonal antibodies from K/BxN mice. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1071-1077.
91. Maini, R., St Clair, E. W., Breedveld, F., Furst, D., Kalden, J., Weisman, M., Smolen, J., Emery, P., Harriman, G., Feldmann, M., and Lipsky, P. (1999). Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: A randomised phase III trial. ATTRACT Study Group. Lancet 354(9194), 1932-1939.
92. Maksymowych, W. P., Avina-Zubieta, A., Luong, M., and Russell, A. S. (1996). High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis: No evidence for efficacy. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 14(6), 657-660.
93. Malhotra, R., Wormald, M. R., Rudd, P. M., Fischer, P. B., Dwek, R. A., and Sim, R. B. (1995). Glycosylation changes of IgG associated with rheumatoid arthritis can activate complement via the mannose-binding protein. Nat. Med. 1, 237-243.
94. Matsumoto, I., Staub, A., Benoist, C., and Mathis, D. (1999). Arthritis provoked by linked T and B cell recognition of a glycolytic enzyme. Science 286, 1732-1735.
95. Matsumoto, I., Maccioni, M., Lee, D. M., Maurice, M., Simmons, B., Brenner, M., Mathis, D., and Benoist, C. (2002). How antibodies to a ubiquitous cytoplasmic enzyme may provoke joint-specific autoimmune disease. Nat. Immunol. 3, 360-365.
96. Matteson, E. L., Yocum, D. E., St Clair, E. W., Achkar, A. A., Thakor, M. S., Jacobs, M. R., Hays, A. E., Heitman, C. K., and Johnston, J. M. (1995). Treatment of active refractory rheumatoid arthritis with humanized monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1H administered by daily subcutaneous injection. Arthritis Rheum. 38(9), 1187-1193.
97. Mikeez, K., Glant, T. T., and Poole, A. R. (1987). Immunity to cartilage proteoglyeans in BALB/c mice with progressive polyarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis induced by injection of human cartilage proteoglycan. Arthritis Rheum. 30(3), 306-318.
98. Mikecz, K., Glant, T. T., Buzas, E., and Poole, A. R. (1990). Proteoglycan-induced polyarthritis and spondylitis adoptively transferred to naive (nonimmunized) BALB/c mice. Arthritis Rheum. 33(6), 866-876.
99. Mollnes, T. E., Lea, T., Mellbye, O. J., Pahle, J., Grand, O., and Harboe, M. (1986). Complement activation in rheumatoid arthritis evaluated by C3dg and the terminal complement complex. Arthritis Rheum. 29(6), 715-721.
100. Moreland, L. W., Pratt, P. W., Mayes, M. D., Postlethwaite, A., Weisman, M. H., Schnitzer, T., Lightfoot, R., Calabrese, L., Zelinger, D. J., Woody, J. N., et al. (1995). Double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial using chimeric monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody, cM-T412, in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 38, 1581-1588.
101. Morgan, A. W., Griffiths, B., Ponchel, F., Montague, B. M., Ali, M., Gardner, P. P., Gooi, H. C., Situnayake, R. D., Markham, A. F., Emergy, P., and Isaacs, J. D. (2000). Fcgamma receptor type IIIA is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in two distinct ethnic groups. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 2328-2334.
102. Morgan, K., Clague, R. B., Collins, I., Ayad, S., Phinn, S. D., and Holt, P. J. (1987). Incidence of antibodies to native and denatured cartilage collagens (types II, IX, and XI) and to type I collagen in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 46(12), 902-907.
103. Muller-Ladner, U., Kriegsmann, J., Franklin, B. N., Matsumoto, S., Geiler, T., Gay, R. E., and Gay, S. (1996). Synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis attach to and invade normal human cartilage when engrafted into SCID mice. Am. J. Pathol. 149(5), 1607-1615.
104. Muscat, C., Bertotto, A., Ercolani, R., Bistoni, O., Agea, E., Cesarotti, M., Fiorucci, G., Spinozzi, F., and Gerli, R. (1995). Long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with high doses of intravenous immunoglobulins: Effects on disease activity and serum cytokines. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 54(5), 382-385.
105. Nabbe, K. C., Blom, A. B., Holthuysen, A. E., Boross, P., Roth, J., Verbeek, S., van Lent, P. L., and van den Berg, W. B. (2003). Coordinate expression of activating Fc gamma receptors I and III and inhibiting Fc gamma receptor type II in the determination of joint inflammation and cartilage destruction during immune complex-mediated arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48(1), 255-265.
106. Nieto, A., Caliz, R., Pascual, M., Mataran, L., Garcia, S., and Martin, J. (2000). Involvement of Fcγ receptor IIIA genogypes in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 735-739.
107. Nishimoto, N., Yoshizaki, K., Miyasaka, N., et al. (2002). A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of humanized anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody (MRA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritis Rheum. 46, S559.
108. Nordling, C., Karlsson-Parra, A., Jansson, J., Holmdahl, R., and Klareskog, L. (1992). Characterization of a spontaneously occurring arthritis in male DBA/1 mice. Arthritis Rheum. 35, 717-722.
109. Ohmura, K., Benoist, C., and Mathis, D. (2002). Development of Th1-directed but IL-4-dependent arthritis in K/BxN mice. Arthritis Rheum. 46, S565.
110. Olmez, U., Garred, P., Mollnes, T. E., Harboe, M., Berntzen, H. B., and Munthe, E. (1991). C3 activation products, C3 containing immune complexes, the terminal complement complex and native C9 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 20(3), 183-189.
111. O'Neill, S. K., Glant, T. T., and Finnegan, A. (2001). B cells are required for the induction of proteoglycan-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 44, S73.
112. O'Sullivan, F. X., Fassbender, H. G., Gay, S., and Koopman, W. J. (1985). Etiopathogenesis of the rheumatoid arthritis-like disease in MRL/l mice. I. The histomorphologic basis of joint destruction. Arthritis Rheum. 28(5), 529-536.
113. Panayi, G. S., Lanchbury, J. S., and Kingsley, G. H. (1992). The importance of the T cell in initiating and maintaining the chronic synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 35, 729-735.
114. Pekin, T. J., and Zvaifler, N. J. (1964). Hemolytic complement in synovial fluid. J. Clin. Invest. 43, 1372-1382.
115. Plater-Zyberk, C., Joosten, L. A., Helsen, M. M., Sattonnet-Roche, P., Siegfried, C., Alouani, S., van de Loo, F. A., Graber, P., Aloni, S., Cirillo, R., Lubberts, E., Dinarello, C. A., van den Berg, W. B., and Chvatchko, Y. (2001). Therapeutic effect of neutralizing endogenous IL-18 activity in the collagen-induced model of arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 108(12), 1825-1832.
116. Plows, D., Kontogeorgos, G., and Kollias, G. (1999). Mice lacking mature T and B lymphocytes develop arthritic lesions after immunization with type II collagen. J. Immunol. 162, 1018-1023.
117. Potter, M., and Wax, J. S. (1981). Genetics of susceptibility to pristane-induced plasmacytomas in BALB/cAn: Reduced susceptibility in BALB/cJ with a brief description of pristane-induced arthritis. J. Immunol. 127(4), 1591-1595.
118. Probert, L., Plows, D., Kontogeorgos, G., and Kollias, G. (1995). The type I interleukin-1 receptor acts in series with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to induce arthritis in TNF-transgenic mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 25(6), 1794-1797.
119. Ranges, G. E., Sriram, S., and Cooper, S. M. (1985). Prevention of type II collagen-induced arthritis by in vivo treatment with anti-L3T4. J. Exp. Med. 162(3), 1105-1110.
120. Ratkay, L. G., Tonzetich, J., and Waterfield, J. D. (1991). Antibodies to extracellular matrix proteins in the sera of MRL-lpr mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 59(2), 236-245.
121. Ratkay, L. G., Zhang, L., Tonzetich, J., and Waterfield, J. D. (1993). Complete Freund's adjuvant induces an earlier and more severe arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. J. Immunol. 151(9), 5081-5087.
122. Rendt, K. E., Barry, T. S., Jones, D. M., Richter, C. B., McCachren, S. S., and Haynes, B. F. (1993). Engraftment of human synovium into severe combined immune deficient mice. Migration of human peripheral blood T cells to engrafted human synovium and to mouse lymph nodes. J. Immunol. 151(12), 7324-7336.
123. Roosnek, E., and Lanzavecchia, A. (1991). Efficient and selective presentation of antigen-antibody complexes by rheumatoid factor B cells. J. Exp. Med. 173(2), 487-489.
124. Ruddy, S., Britton, M. C., Schur, P. H., and Austen, K. F. (1969). Complement components in synovial fluid: Activation and fixation in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 168, 161-172.
125. Ruderman, E. M., Weinblatt, M. E., Thurmond, L. M., Pinkus, G. S., and Gravallese, E. M. (1995). Synovial tissue response to treatment with CAMPATH-1H. Arthritis Rheum. 38(2), 254-258.
126. Saijo, S., Asano, M., Horai, R., Yamamoto, H., and Iwakura, Y. (2002). Suppression of autoimmune arthritis in interleukin-1-deficient mice in which T cell activation is impaired due to low levels of CD40 ligand and OX40 expression on T cells. Arthritis Rheum. 46(2), 533-544.
127. Sakata, M., Masuko-Hongo, K., Tsuruha, J., Sekine, T., Nakamura, H., Takigawa, M., Nishioka, K., and Kato, T (2002). YKL-39, a human cartilage-related protein, induces arthritis in mice. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 20(3), 343-350.
128. Schellekens, G. A., de Jong, B., Van den Hoogen, F., Van de Putte, L., and Van Venrooij, W. J. (1998). Citrulline is an essential constituent of antigenic determinants recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 273-281.
129. Schur, P. H. (1986). Inherited complement component abnormalities. Annu. Rev. Med. 37, 333-346.
130. Solomon, S., Kolb, C., Mohanty, S., Jeisy-Walder, E., Preyer, R., Schollhom, V., and Illges, H. (2002). Transmission of antibody-induced arthritis is independent of complement component 4 (C4) and the complement receptors 1 and 2 (CD21/35). Eur. J. Immunol. 32(3), 644-651.
131. Souto-Cameiro, M. M., Burkhardt, H., Muller, E. C., Hermann, R., Otto, A., Kraetsch, H. G., Sack, U., Konig, A., Heinegard, D., Muller-Hermelink, H. K., and Krenn, V. (2001). Human monoclonal rheumatoid synovial B lymphocyte hybridoma with a new disease-related specificity for cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. J. Immunol. 166(6), 4202-4208.
132. Staite, N. D., Richard, K. A., Aspar, D. G., Franz, K. A., Galinet, L. A., and Dunn, C. J. (1990). Induction of an acute erosive monarticular arthritis in mice by interleukin-1 and methylated bovine serum albumin. Arthritis Rheum. 33(2), 253-260.
133. Stasiuk, L. M., Ghoraishian, M., Elson, C. J., and Thompson, S. J. (1997). Pristane-induced arthritis is CD4+ T-cell dependent. Immunology 90(1), 81-86.
134. Stasny, P. (1978). Association of the B cell alloantigen DRW4 with rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med 298, 869-871.
135. Stuart, J. M., and Dixon, F. J. (1983). Serum transfer of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. J. Exp. Med. 158, 378-392.
136. Svensson, L., Jirholt, J., Holmdahl, R., and Jansson, L. (1998). B cell-deficient mice do not develop type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Clin. Exp. Immunol. 111(3), 521-526.
137. Svensson, L., Nandakumar, K. S., Johansson, A., Jansson, L., and Holmdahl, R. (2002). IL-4-deficient mice develop less acute but more chronic relapsing collagen-induced arthritis. Eur. J. Immunol. 32(10), 2944-2953.
138. Takai, T. (2002). Roles of Fc receptors in autoimmunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2(8), 580-592.
139. Takemura, S., Klimiuk, P. A., Braun, A., Goronzy, J. J., and Weyand, C. M. (2001). T cell activation in rheumatoid synovium is B cell dependent. J. Immunol. 167(8), 4710-4718.
140. Tanimota, K., Cooper, N. R., Johnson, J. S., and Vaughan, J. H. (1975). Complement fixation by rheumatoid factor. J. Clin. Invest. 55(3), 437-445.
141. Terato, K., Hasty, K. A., Reife, R. A., Cremer, M. A., Kang, A. H., and Stuart, J. M. (1992). Induction of arthritis with monoclonal antibodies to collagen. J. Immunol. 148, 2103-2108.
142. Trentham, D. E., Townes, A. S., and Kang, A. H. (1977). Autoimmunity to type II collagen: An experimental model of arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 146, 857-868.
143. Tumiati, B., Casoli, P., Veneziani, M., and Rinaldi, G. (1992). High-dose immunoglobulin therapy as an immunomodulatory treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 35(10), 1126-1133.
144. Uematsu, Y., Wege, H., Straus, A., Ott, M., Bannwarth, W., Lanchbury, J., Panayi, G., and Steinmetz, M. (1991). The T-cell-receptor repertoire in the synovial fluid of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is polyclonal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8534-8538.
145. van de Loo, F. A., Joosten, L. A., van Lent, P. L., Amtz, O. J., and van den Berg, W. B. (1995). Role of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleuldn-6 in cartilage proteoglycan metabolism and destruction. Effect of in situ blocking in murine antigen- and zymosan-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 38(2), 164-172.
146. van den Berg, W. B., and Van de Putte, L. B. (1985). Electrical charge of the antigen determines its localization in the mouse knee joint. Deep penetration of cationic BSA in hyaline articular cartilage. Am. J. Pathol. 121(2), 224-234.
147. van den Berg, W. B., Van de Putte, L. B., Zwarts, W. A., and Joosten, L. A. (1984). Electrical charge of the antigen determines intraarticular antigen handling and chronicity of arthritis in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 74(5), 1850-1859.
148. van den Broek, M. F., van den Berg, W. B., and Van de Putte, L. B. (1988). The role of mast cells in antigen induced arthritis in mice. J. Rheumatol. 15(4), 544-551.
149. van der Lubbe, P. A., Dijkmans, B. A., Markusse, H. M., Nassander, U., and Breedveld, F. C. (1995). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 38, 1097-1106.
150. van Lent, P. L., van den Bersselaar, L. A., van den Hoek, A. E., van de Loo, A. A., and van den Berg, W. B. (1992). Cationic immune complex arthritis in mice-a new model. Synergistic effect of complement and interleukin-1. Am. J. Pathol. 140(6), 1451-1461.
151. van Lent, P. L., van den Hoek, A. E., van den Bersselaar, L. A., Spanjaards, M. F., van Rooijen, N., Dijkstra, C. D., Van de Putte, L. B., and van den Berg, W. B. (1993). In vivo role of phagocytic synovial lining cells in onset of experimental arthritis. Am. J. Pathol. 143(4), 1226-1237.
152. van Lent, P. L., van de Loo, F. A., Holthuysen, A. E., van den Bersselaar, L. A., Vermeer, H., and van den Berg, W. B. (1995). Major role for interleukin 1 but not for tumor necrosis factor in early cartilage damage in immune complex arthritis in mice. J. Rheumatol. 22(12), 2250-2258.
153. van Lent, P. L., Holthuysen, A. E., van den Bersselaar, L. A., van Rooijen, N., Joosten, L. A., van de Loo, F. A., Van de Putte, L. B., and van den Berg, W. B. (1996). Phagocytic lining cells determine local expression of inflammation in type II collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 39(9), 1545-1555.
154. van Lent, P. L., Holthuysen, A. E., van Rooijen, N., van de Loo, F. A., Van de Putte, L. B., and van den Berg, W. B. (1998a). Phagocytic synovial lining cells regulate acute and chronic joint inflammation after antigenic exacerbation of smouldering experimental murine arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 25(6), 1135-1145.
155. van Lent, P. L., Holthuysen, A. E., van Rooijen, N., Van de Putte, L. B., and van den Berg, W. B. (1998b). Local removal of phagocytic synovial lining cells by clodronate-liposomes decreases cartilage destruction during collagen type II arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 57(7), 408-413.
156. van Lent, P. L. E. M., van Vuuren, A. J., Blom, A. B., Holthuysen, A. E. M., Van de Putte, L. B. A., van de Winkel, J. G., and van den Berg, W. B. (2000). Role of Fc receptor γ chain in inflammation and cartilage damage during experimental antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 740-752.
157. van Lent, P. L., Nabbe, K., Blom, A. B., Holthuysen, A. E., Sloetjes, A., Van de Putte, L. B., Verbeek, S., and van den Berg, W. B. (2001). Role of activatory Fe gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII and inhibitory Fe gamma RII in inflammation and cartilage destruction during experimental antigen-induced arthritis. Am. J. Pathol. 159(6), 2309-2320.
158. Verheijden, G. F., Rijnders, A. W., Bos, E., Coenen-de Roo, C. J., van Staveren, C. J., Miltenburg, A. M., Meijerink, J. H., Elewaut, D., De Keyser, F., Veys, E., and Boots, A. M. (1997). Human cartilage glycoprotein-39 as a candidate autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 40(6), 1115-1125.
159. Vetto, A. A., Mannik, M., Zatarain-Rios, E., and Wener, M. H. (1990). Immune deposits in articular cartilage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a granular pattern not seen in osteoarthritis. Rheumatol. Int. 10, 13-19.
160. Vincent, C., De Keyser, F., Masson-Bessiere, C., Sebbag, M., Veys, E. M., and Serre, G. (1999). Anti-perinuclear factor compared with the so-called antikeratin antibodies and antibodies to human epidermis filaggrin, in the diagnosis of arthritides. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 58(1), 42-48.
161. Walport, M. J. (2001). Complement. First of two parts. N. Engl. J. Med. 344(14), 1058-1066.
162. Wang, Y., Rollins, S. A., Madri, J. A., and Matis, L. A. (1995). Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody therapy prevents collagen-induced arthritis and ameliorates established disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 8955-8959.
163. Wang, Y., Kristan, J., Hao, L., Lenkoski, C. S., Shen, Y., and Matis, L. A. (2000). A role for complement in antibody-mediated inflammation: C5-deficient DBA/1 mice are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis. J. Immunol. 164, 4340-4347.
164. Watson, W. C., Brown, P. S., Pitcock, J. A., and Townes, A. S. (1987). Passive transfer studies with type II collagen antibody in B10.D2/old and new line and C57B1/6 normal and beige (Chediak-Higashi) strains: Evidence of important roles for C5 and multiple inflammatory cell types in the development of erosive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 30, 460-465.
165. Weinblatt, M. E., Maddison, P. J., Bulpitt, K. J., Hazleman, B. L., Urowitz, M. B., Sturrock, R. D., Coblyn, J. S., Maier, A. L., Spreen, W. R., Manna, V. K., et al. (1995). CAMPATH-1H, a humanized monoclonal antibody, in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. An intravenous doseescalation study. Arthritis Rheum. 38, 1589-1594.
166. Weinblatt, M. E., Kremer, J. M., Bankhurst, A. D., Bulpitt, K. J., Fleischmann, R. M., Fox, R. I., Jackson, C. G., Lange, M., and Burge, D. J. (1999). A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. N. Engl. J. Med. 340(4), 253-259.
167. Williams, R. O., Feldmann, M., and Maini, R. N. (1992). Anti-TNF ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen induced arthritis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 9784-9788.
168. Wipke, B. T., and Allen, P. M. (2001). Essential role of neutrophils in the initiation and progression of a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol. 167, 1601-1608.
169. Wooley, P. H., Luthra, H. S., Stuart, J. M., and David, C. S. (1981). Type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. I. Major histocompatibility complex (I region) linkage and antibody correlates. J. Exp. Med. 154, 688-700.
170. Wooley, P. H., Luthra, H. S., Singh, S. K., Huse, A. R., Stuart, J. M., and David, C. S. (1984). Passive transfer of arthritis to mice by injection of human anti-type II collagen antibody. Mayo Clin. Proc. 59(11), 737-743.
171. Wooley, P. H., Seibold, J. R., Whalen, J. D., and Chapdelaine, J. M. (1989). Pristane-induced arthritis. The immunologic and genetic features of an experimental murine model of autoimmune disease. Arthritis Rheum. 32, 1022-1030.
172. Yamamoto, H., Sekiguchi, T., Itagaki, K., Saijo, S., and Iwakura, Y. (1993). Inflammatory polyarthritis in mice transgenic for human T cell leukemia virus type I. Arthritis Rheum. 36(11), 1612-1620.
173. Yoshino, S., Murata, Y., and Ohsawa, M. (1998). Successful induction of adjuvant arthritis in mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against IL-4. J. Immunol. 161(12), 6904-6908.
174. Zhang, Y., Guerassimov, A., Leroux, J. Y., Cartman, A., Webber, C., Lalic, R., de Miguel, E., Rosenberg, L. C., and Poole, A. R. (1998). Induction of arthritis in BALB/c mice by cartilage link protein: Involvement of distinct regions recognized by T and B lymphocytes. Am. J. Pathol. 153(4), 1283-1291.
175. Zvaifler, N. J. (1974). Rheumatoid synovitis. An extravascular immune complex disease. Arthritis Rheum. 17(3), 297-305.
176. Zvaifler, N. J., and Schur, P. (1968). Reactions of aggregated mercaptoethanol treated gamma globulin with rheumatoid factor-precipitin and complement fixation studies. Arthritis Rheum. 11(4), 523-536.