The angiotensin IV/AT4 receptor

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Volumn 61, Issue 21, 2004, Pages 2728-2737

  Chai, S Y ^a   Fernando, R ^a   Peck, G ^a   Ye, S Y ^a   Mendelsohn, F A O ^a   Jenkins, T A ^a   Albiston, A L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

GLUT4; Insulin regulated aminopeptidase; Memory; Oxytocinase

Indexed keywords

AMINOPEPTIDASE; ANGIOTENSIN II [3-8]; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CYSTYL AMINOPEPTIDASE; GLUCOSE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 4; HEMORPHIN 4; MEMBRANE ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN II, DES ASP(1) DES ARG(2) ILE(5); ANGIOTENSIN II, DES-ASP(1)-DES-ARG(2)-ILE(5)-; AT4 RECEPTOR; DRUG DERIVATIVE; LEUCYL CYSTINYL AMINOPEPTIDASE; LEUCYL-CYSTINYL AMINOPEPTIDASE;

ADRENAL GLAND; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; AMNESIA; BINDING SITE; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; DENTATE GYRUS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; HEART; KIDNEY; KIDNEY BLOOD FLOW; LEARNING; LIGAND BINDING; LONG TERM MEMORY; LUNG; MAZE TEST; MEMORY; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN PURIFICATION; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SODIUM EXCRETION; SODIUM TRANSPORT; ANIMAL; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALIA; RODENTIA;

AMINOPEPTIDASES; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANIMALS; CYSTINYL AMINOPEPTIDASE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; MEMORY; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 11144314693     PISSN: 1420682X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-004-4246-1     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Swanson G. N., Hanesworth J. M., Sardinia M. F., Coleman J. K., Wright J. W., Hall K. L. et al. (1992) Discovery of a distinct binding site for angiotensin II (3-8), a putative angiotensin IV receptor. Regul. Pept. 40: 409-419
2. Albiston A. L., McDowall S. G., Matsacos D., Sim P., Clune E., Mustafa T. et al. (2001) Evidence that the angiotensin IV (AT4) receptor is the enzyme insulin regulated aminopeptidase. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 48263-48266
3. Keller S. R., Scott H. M., Mastick C. C., Aebersold R. and Lienhard G. E. (1995) Cloning and characterization of a novel insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase from Glut4 vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 23612-23618
4. Rogi T., Tsujimoto M., Nakazato H., Mizutani S. and Tomoda Y. (1996) Human placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase. A new member of type II membrane-spanning zinc metallopeptidase family. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 56-61
5. Loufrani L., Henrion D., Chansel D., Ardaillou R. and Levy B. I. (1999) Functional evidence for an angiotensin IV receptor in rat resistance arteries. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 291: 583-588
6. Gardiner S. M., Kemp P. A., March J. E. and Bennett T. (1993) Regional haemodynamic effects of angiotensin II (3-8) in conscious rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 110: 159-162
7. Sardinia M. F., Hanesworth J. M., Krishnan F. and Harding J. W. (1994) AT4 receptor structure-binding relationship: N-terminal-modified angiotensin IV analogues. Peptides 15: 1399-1406
8. Sardinia M. F., Hanesworth J. M., Krebs L. T. and Harding J. W. (1993) AT4 receptor binding characteristics: D-amino acid- and glycine-substituted peptides. Peptides 14: 949-954
9. Krishnan R., Hanesworth J. M., Wright J. W. and Harding J. W. (1999) Structure-binding studies of the adrenal AT4 receptor: analysis of position two- and three-modified angiotensin IV analogs. Peptides 20: 915-920
10. Krebs L. T., Kramar E. A., Hanesworth J. M., Sardinia M. F., Ball A. E., Wright J. W. et al. (1996) Characterization of the binding properties and physiological action of divalinal-angiotensin IV, a putative AT4 receptor antagonist. Regul. Pept. 67: 123-130
11. Lew R. A., Mustafa T., Ye S., McDowall S. G., Chai S. Y. and Albiston A. L. (2003) Angiotensin AT4 ligands are potent, competitive inhibitors of insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). J. Neurochem. 86: 344-350
12. Hamilton T. A., Handa R. K., Harding J. W. and Wright J. W. (2001) A role for the angiotensin IV/AT4 system in mediating natriuresis in the rat. Peptides 22: 935-944
13. Wayner M. J., Armstrong D. L., Phelix C. F., Wright J. W. and Harding, J. W. (2001) Angiotensin IV enhances LTP in rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Peptides 22: 1403-1414
14. Lee J., Chai S. Y., Mendelsohn F. A., Morris M. J. and Allen A. M. (2001) Potentiation of cholinergic transmission in the rat hippocampus by angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin-7. Neuropharmacology 40: 618-623
15. Lee J. H., Mustafa T., McDowall S. G., Mendelsohn F. A. O., Brennan M. B., Lew R. et al. (2003) Structure-activity study of LVV-hemorphin-7: angiotensin AT4 receptor ligand and inhibitor of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 305: 205-211
16. Moeller I., Lew R. A., Mendelsohn F. A., Smith A. I., Brennan M. E., Tetaz T. J. et al. (1997) The globin fragment LVV-hemorphin-7 is an endogenous ligand for the AT4 receptor in the brain. J. Neurochem. 68: 2530-2537
17. Lee J., Allen A. M., Mendelsohn F. A. O., Ping S., Barrett G. L., Murphy M. et al. (2001) AT4 receptor ligands potentiate spatial learning of rats in the Barnes circular maze, 21st Scientific Meeting of the Hong Kong Society of Neurosciences, Hong Kong
18. Braszko J. J., Kupryszewski G., Witczuk B. and Wisniewski K. (1988) Angiotensin II-(3-8)-hexapeptide affects motor activity, performance of passive avoidance and a conditioned avoidance response in rats. Neuroscience 27: 777-783
19. Wright J. W., Miller-Wing A. V., Shaffer M. J., Higginson C., Wright D. E., Hanesworth J. M. et al. (1993) Angiotensin II(3-8) (ANG IV) hippocampal binding: potential role in the facilitation of memory. Brain Res. Bull. 32: 497-502
20. Wright J. W., Stubley L., Pederson E. S., Kramar E. A., Hanesworth J. M. and Harding J. W. (1999) Contributions of the brain angiotensin IV-AT4 receptor subtype system to spatial learning. J. Neurosci. 19: 3952-3961
21. Delorenzi A., Locatelli F., Romano A., Nahmod V. and Maldonado H. (1997) Angiotensin II (3-8) induces long-term memory improvement in the crab Chasmagnathus. Neurosci. Lett. 226: 143-146
22. Delorenzi A. and Maldonado H. (1999) Memory enhancement by the angiotensinergic system in the crab Chasmagnathus is mediated by endogenous angiotensin II. Neurosci. Lett. 266: 1-4
23. Pederson E. S., Harding J. W. and Wright J. W. (1998) Attenuation of scopolamine-induced spatial learning impairments by an angiotensin IV analog. Regul. Pept. 74: 97-103
24. Pederson E. S., Krishnan R., Harding J. W. and Wright J. W. (2001) A role for the angiotensin AT4 receptor subtype in overcoming scopolamine-induced spatial memory deficits. Regul. Pept. 102: 147-156
25. Kramar E. A., Armstrong D. L., Ikeda S., Wayner M. J., Harding J. W. and Wright J. W. (2001) The effects of angiotensin IV analogs on long-term potentiation within the CA1 region of the hippocampus in vitro. Brain Res. 897: 114-121
26. Moeller I., Paxinos G., Mendelsohn F. A., Aldred G. P., Casley D. and Chai S. Y. (1996) Distribution of AT4 receptors in the Macaca fascicularis brain. Brain Res. 712: 307-324
27. Kramar E. A., Krishnan R., Harding J. W. and Wright J. W. (1998) Role of nitric oxide in angiotensin IV-induced increases in cerebral blood flow. Regul. Pept. 74: 185-192
28. Chen S., Patel J. M. and Block E. R. (2000) Angiotensin IV-mediated pulmonary artery vasorelaxation is due to endothelial intracellular calcium release. Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol. 279: L849-856
29. Patel J. M., Martens J. R., Li Y. D., Gelband C. H., Raizada M. K. and Block E. R. (1998) Angiotensin IV receptor-mediated activation of lung endothelial NOS is associated with vasorelaxation. Am. J. Physiol. 275: L1061-1068
30. Patel J. M., Li Y. D., Zhang J., Gelband C. H., Raizada M. K. and Block E. R. (1999) Increased expression of calreticulin is linked to ANG IV-mediated activation of lung endothelial NOS. Am. J. Physiol. 277: L794-801
31. Li Y. D., Block E. R. and Patel J. M. (2002) Activation of multiple signaling modules is critical in angiotensin IV-induced lung endothelial cell proliferation. Am. J. Physiol. 263: L707-L716
32. Mehta J., Li D. Y., Yang H. and Raizada M. K. (2002) Angiotensin II and IV stimulate expression and release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 39: 789-794
33. Kerins D. M., Hao Q. and Vaughan D. E. (1995) Angiotensin induction of PAI-1 expression in endothelial cells is mediated by the hexapeptide angiotensin IV. J. Clin. Invest. 96: 2515-2520
34. Wang L., Eberhard M. and Erne P. (1995) Stimulation of DNA and RNA synthesis in cultured rabbit cardiac fibroblasts by angiotensin IV. Clin. Sci. (Colch.) 88: 557-562
35. Yang Q., Hanesworth J. M., Harding J. W. and Slinker B. K. (1997) The AT4 receptor agonist [Nle1]-angiotensin IV reduces mechanically induced immediate-early gene expression in the isolated rabbit heart. Regul. Pept. 71: 175-183
36. Slinker B. K., Wu Y., Brennan A. J., Campbell K. B. and Harding J. W. (1999) Angiotensin IV has mixed effects on left ventricle systolic function and speeds relaxation. Cardiovasc. Res. 42: 660-669
37. Harding J. W., Wright J. W., Swanson G. N., Hanesworth J. M., and Krebs L. T. (1994) AT4 receptors: specificity and distribution. Kidney Int. 46: 1510-1512
38. Handa R. K., Krebs L. T., Harding J. W. and Handa S. E. (1998) Angiotensin IV AT4-receptor system in the rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 274: F290-299
39. Handa R. K. (2001) Characterization and signaling of the AT(4) receptor in human proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12: 440-449
40. Gesualdo L., Ranieri E., Monno R., Rossiello M. R., Colucci M., Semeraro N. et al. (1999) Angiotensin IV stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int. 56: 461-470
41. Chen J. K., Zimpelmann J., Harris R. C. and Burns K. D. (2001) Angiotensin IV induces tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in proximal tubule cells. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 280: F980-988
42. Zhang J. H., Hanesworth J. M., Sardinia M. F., Alt J. A., Wright J. W. and Harding J. W. (1999) Structural analysis of angiotensin IV receptor (AT4) from selected bovine tissues. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289: 1075-1083
43. Zhang J. H., Stobb J. W., Hanesworth J. M., Sardinia M. F., and Harding J. W. (1998) Characterization and purification of the bovine adrenal angiotensin IV receptor (AT4) using [125I]benzoylphenylalanine-angiotensin IV as a specific photolabel. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287: 416-424
44. Wright J. W., Krebs L. T., Stobb J. W. and Harding J. W. (1995) The angiotensin IV system: functional implications. Front Neuroendocrinol. 16: 23-52
45. Ross S. A., Scott H. M., Morris N. J., Leung W. Y., Mao F., Lienhard G. E. et al. (1996) Characterization of the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 3328-3332
46. Keller S. R., Davis A. C. and Clairmont K. B. (2002) Mice deficient in the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase show substantial decreases in glucose transporter GLUT4 levels but maintain normal glucose homeostasis. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 17677-17686
47. Waters S. B., D'Auria M., Martin S. S., Nguyen C., Kozma L. M. and Luskey K. L. (1997) The amino terminus of insulin-responsive aminopeptidase causes Glut4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23323-23327
48. Johnson A. O., Lampson M. A. and McGraw T. E. (2001) A dileucine sequence and a cluster of acidic amino acids are required for dynamic retention in the endosomal recycling compartment of fibroblasts. Mol. Biol. Cell 12: 367-381
49. Chi N. W. and Lodish H. F. (2000) Tankyrase is a golgi-associated mitogen-activated protein kinase substrate that interacts with IRAP in GLUT4 vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 38437-38444
50. Katagiri H., Asano T., Yamada T., Aoyama T., Fukushima Y., Kikuchi M. et al. (2002) Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenases are localized on GLUT4-containing vesicles via association with insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in a manner dependent on its dileucine motif. Mol. Endocrinol. 16: 1049-1059
51. Tojo H., Kaieda I., Hattori H., Katayama N., Yoshimura K., Kakimoto S. et al. (2003) The Formin family protein, formin homolog overexpressed in spleen, interacts with the insulin-responsive aminopeptidase and profilin IIa. Mol. Endocrinol. 17: 1216-1229
52. Sbodio J. I. and Chi N. W. (2002) Identification of a tankyrase-binding motif shared by IRAP, TAB182 and human TRF1 but not mouse TRF1. NuMA contains this RxxPDG motif and is a novel tankyrase partner. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 31887-31892
53. McNay E. C., Fries T. M. and Gold P. E. (2000) Decreases in rat extracellular hippocampal glucose concentration associated with cognitive demand during a spatial task. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 2881-2885
54. McAllister M. S., Krizanac-Bengez L., Macchia F., Naftalin R. J., Pedley K. C., Mayberg M. R. et al. (2001) Mechanisms of glucose transport at the blood-brain barrier: an in vitro study. Brain Res. 409: 20-30
55. Nagamatsu S., Sawa H., Kamada K., Nakamichi Y., Yoshimoto K. and Hoshino T. (1993) Neuron-specific glucose transporter (NSGT): CNS distribution of GLUT3 rat glucose transporter (RGT3) in rat central neurons. FEBS Lett. 334: 289-295
56. Vannucci S. J., Kochler-Stec E., Li K., Reynolds T. H., Clark R. and Simpson I. A. (1998) GLUT4 glucose transporter expression in rodent brain: effect of diabetes. Brain Res. 797: 1-11
57. El Messari S., Leloup C., Quignon M., Brisorgueil M. J., Penicaud L. and Arluison M. (1998) Immunocytochemical localization of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 399: 492-512
58. Apelt J., Mehlhorn G. and Schliebs R. (1999) Insulin-sensitive GLUT4 glucose transporters are colocalized with GLUT3-expressing cells and demonstrate a chemically distinct neuron-specific localization in rat brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 57: 693-705
59. Blanchard J. G. and Duncan P. M. (1997) Effect of combinations of insulin, glucose and scopolamine on radial arm maze performance. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 58: 209-214
60. Kopf S. R., Buchholzer M. L., Hilgert M., Loffelholz K. and Klein J. (2001) Glucose plus choline improve passive avoidance behaviour and increase hippocampal acetylcholine release in mice. Neuroscience 103: 365-371
61. Kopf S. R. and Baratti C. M. (1996) Effects of posttraining administration of glucose on retention of a habituation response in mice : participation of a central cholinergic mechanism. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 65: 253-260
62. Parkes M. and White K. G. (2000) Glucose attenuation of memory impairments. Behav. Neurosci. 114: 307-319
63. Messier C., Pierre J., Desrochers A. and Gravel M. (1998) Dose-dependent action of glucose on memory processes in women: effect oon serial position and recall priority. Cog. Brain Res. 7: 221-233
64. Korol D. L. and Gold P. E. (1998) Glucose, memory and aging. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67: 764S-771S
65. Kaplan R. J., Greenwood C. E., Winocur G. and Wolever T. M. S. (2000) Cognitive performance is associated with glucose regulation in healthy elderly persons and can be enhanced with glucose and dietary carbohydrates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: 825-836
66. Ragozzino M. E., Unick K. E. and Gold P. E. (1996) Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 4693-4698
67. Ragozzino M. E., Pal S. N., Unick K., Stefani M. R. and Gold P. E. (1998) Modulation of hippocampal acetylcholine release and spontaneous alternation scores by intrahippocampal glucose injections. J. Neurosci. 18: 1595-1601
68. Tsujimoto M., Mizutani S., Adachi H., Kimura M., Nakazato H. and Tomoda Y. (1992) Identification of human placental leucine aminopeptidase as oxytocinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 292: 388-392
69. Naruki M., Mizutani S., Goto K., Tsujimoto M., Nakazato H., Itakura A. et al. (1996) Oxytocin is hydrolyzed by an enzyme in human placenta that is identical to the oxytocinase of pregnancy serum. Peptides 17: 257-261
70. Herbst J. J., Ross S. A., Scott H. M., Bobin S. A., Morris N. J., Lienhard G. E. et al. (1997) Insulin stimulates cell surface aminopeptidase activity toward vasopressin in adipocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 272: E600-606
71. Matsumoto H., Hattori A., Mizutani S. and Tsujimoto M. (2001) Cleavage of peptide hormones by placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase. In: Cell-Surface Aminopeptidases: Basic and Clinical Aspects, pp. 295-299, Mitzutani S., Turner A. J., Nomura S. and Ino K. (eds), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam
72. Matsumoto H., Nagasaka T., Hattori A., Rogi T., Tsuruoka N., Mizutani S. et al. (2001) Expression of placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase in neuronal cells and its action on neuronal peptides. Eur. J. Biochem. 268: 3259-3266
73. Albiston A. L., Mustafa T., McDowall S. G., Mendelsohn F. A., Lee J. and Chai S. Y. (2003) AT(4) receptor is insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase: potential mechanisms of memory enhancement. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 14: 72-77
74. de Wied D., Diamant M. and Fodor M. (1993) Central nervous effects of neurohypophyseal hormones and related peptides. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 14: 251-302
75. Kovacs G. L. and De Wied D. (1994) Peptidergic modulation of learning and memory processes. Pharmacol. Rev. 46: 269-291
76. Engelmann M., Wotjak C. T., Neumann I., Ludwig M. and Landgraf R. (1996) Behavioural consequences of intracerebral vasopressin and oxytocin : focus on learning and memory. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 20: 341-358
77. Alescio-Lautier B., Paban V. and Soumireu-Mourat B. (2000) Neuromodulation of memory in the hippocampus by vasopressin. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 405: 63-72
78. de Wied D. (1997) Neuropeptides in learning and memory processes. Behav. Brain Res. 83: 83-90
79. Fujiwara M., Ohgami Y., Inada K. and Iwasaki K. (1997) Effect of active fragments of arginine-vasopressin on the disturbance of spatial cognition in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 83: 91-96
80. Hori E., Uwano T., Tamura R., Miyake N., Nishijo H. and Ono T. (2002) Effects of a novel arginin-vasopressin derivative, NC-1900, on the spatial memory impairment of rats with transient forebrin ischemia. Cog. Brain Res. 13: 1-15
81. Matsumoto H., Rogi T., Yamashiro K., Kodama S., Tsuruoka N., Hattori A. et al. (2000) Characterization of a recombinant soluble form of human placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 46-52
82. de Wied D., Gaffori O., van Ree J. M. and de Jong W. (1984) Central target for the behavioural effects of vasopressin neuropeptides. Nature 308: 276-278
83. Dietrich A. and Allen J. (1997) Vasopressin and memory: I. The vasopressin analogu AV (4-9) enhances working memory as well as reference memory in the eight arm radial maze. Behav. Brain Res. 87: 195-200
84. Dietrich A. and Allen J. (1997) Vasopressin and memory: II. Lesions to the hippocampus block the memory enhancing effects of AVP4-9 in the radial arm maze. Behav. Brain Res. 87: 201-208
85. Tomizawa K., Iga N., Lu Y.-F., Moriwaki A., Matsushita M., Li S.-T. et al. (2003) Oxytocin improves long-lasting spatial memory during motherhood through MAP kinase cascade. Nat. Neurosci. 6: 384-390
86. Fink H., Rex A., Voits M. and Voigt J.-P. (1998) Major biological actions of CCK - a critical evaluation of research findings. Exp. Brain Res. 123: 77-83
87. Dauge V. and Lena I. (1998) CCK in anxiety and cognitive processes. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 22: 815-825
88. Huston J. P., Schildein S., Gerhardt P., Privou C., Fink H. and Hasenohrl R. U. (1998) Modulation of memory, reinforcement and anxiety parameters by intra-amygdala injection of cholecystokinin-fragments Boc-CCK-4 and CCK-8s. Peptides 19: 27-37
89. Sebret A., Lena I., Crete D., Matsui T., Roques B. P. and Dauge V. (1999) Rat hippocampal neurons are critically involved in physiological improvement of memory processes induced by cholecystokinin-B receptor stimulation. J. Neurosci. 19: 7230-7237
90. Voits M., Hasenohrl R. U., Huston J. P. and Fink H. (2001) Repeated treatment with cholecystokinin octapeptide improves maze performance in aged Fischer 344 rats. Peptides 22: 1325-1330
91. Dauge V., Pophillat M., Crete D., Melik-Parsadaniantz S. and Roques B. P. (2003) Involvement of brain endogenous cholecystokinin in stress-induced impairment of spatial recognition memory. Neuroscience 118: 18-23
92. Lamirault L., Guillou J. L., Micheau J. and Jaffard R. (2001) Intrahippocampal injections of somatostatin dissociate acquisition from the flexible use of place responses. Eur. J. Neurosci. 14: 567-570
93. Schettini G., Florio T., Magri G., Grimaldi M., Meucci O., Landolfi E. et al. (1988) Somatostatin and SMS 201-995 reverse the impairment of cognitive functions induced by cysteamine depletion of brain somatostatin. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 151: 399-407
94. DeNoble V. J., Hepler D. J. and Barto R. A. (1989) Cysteamine-induced depletion of somatostatin produces differential cognitive deficits in rats. Brain Res. 482: 42-48
95. Shishido Y., Furushiro M., Tanabe S., Nishiyama S., Hashimoto S., Ohno M. et al. (1996) ZTTA, a postproline cleaving enzyme inhibitor, improves cerebral ishemia-induced deficits ina three-panel runway task in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 55: 333-338
96. Shinoda M., Matsuo A. and Toide K. (1996) Pharmacological studies of a novel prolyl endohpeptidase inhibitor, JTP-4819, in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 305: 31-38
97. Miyazaki A., Toide K., Sasaki Y., Ichitani Y. and Iwasaki T. (1998) Effect of a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, JTP-4819, on radial maze performance in hippocampal-lesioned rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 59: 361-368
98. Shinoda M., Miyazaki A. and Toide K. (1999) Effect of a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, JTP-4819, on spatial memory and on cholinergic and peptidergic neurons in rats with ibotenate-induced lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Behav. Brain Res. 99: 17-25
99. Toide K., Shinoda M., Fujiwara T. and Iwamoto Y. (1997) Effect of a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, JTP-4819, on spatial memory and central cholinergic neurons in aged rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 56: 427-434
100. Marighetto A., Touzani K., Etchamendy N., Torrea C., De Nanteuil G., Guez D. et al. (2000) Further evidence for a dissociation between different forms of mnemonic expressions in a mouse model of age-related cognitive decline: effects of tacrine and S17092, a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Learn. Mem. 7: 159-169
101. Toide K., Shinoda M., Iwamoto Y., Fujiwara T., Okamiya,K. and Uemura A. (1997) A novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, JTP-4819, with potential for treating Alzheimer's disease. Behav. Brain Res. 83: 147-151
102. Toide K., Iwamoto Y., Fujiwara T. and Abe H. (1995) JTP-4819: a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor with potential as a cognitive enhancer. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 274: 1370-1378
103. Bellemere G., Morain P., Vaudry H. and Jegou S. (2003) Effect of S 17092, a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, on substance P and a-melanocyte- stimulating hormone breakdown in the rat brain. J. Neurochem. 84: 919-929
104. Handa R. K., Harding J. W. and Simasko S. M. (1999) Characterization and function of the bovine kidney epithelial angiotensin receptor subtype 4 using angiotensin IV and divalinal angiotensin IV as receptor ligands. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 291: 1242-1249
105. Mustafa T., Chai S. Y., Mendelsohn F. A., Moeller I. and Albiston A. L. (2001) Characterization of the AT(4) receptor in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-MC). J. Neurochem. 76: 1679-1687