메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 24, 2003, Pages 13161-13170

Protection against Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Spongiform Myeloencephalopathy in Mice Overexpressing Bcl-2 but Not in Mice Deficient for Interleukin-6, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthetase, ICE, Fas, Fas Ligand, or TNF-R1 Genes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FAS LIGAND; INTERLEUKIN 6; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN BCL 2; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 1;

EID: 0345599098     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.24.13161-13170.2003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 0032575688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bcl-2 protein family: Arbiters of cell survival
    • Adams, J. M., and S. Cory. 1998. The Bcl-2 protein family: arbiters of cell survival. Science 281:1322-1326.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1322-1326
    • Adams, J.M.1    Cory, S.2
  • 2
    • 0031659763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte apoptosis and primary demyelinaytion induced by local TNF/p55TNF receptor signaling in the central nervous system of transgenic mice: Models for multiple sclerosis with primary oligodendrogliopathy
    • Akassoglou, K., J. Bauer, G. Kassiotis, M. Pasparakis, H. Lassmann, G. Kollias, and L. Probert. 1998. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis and primary demyelinaytion induced by local TNF/p55TNF receptor signaling in the central nervous system of transgenic mice: models for multiple sclerosis with primary oligodendrogliopathy. Am. J. Pathol. 153:801-813.
    • (1998) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.153 , pp. 801-813
    • Akassoglou, K.1    Bauer, J.2    Kassiotis, G.3    Pasparakis, M.4    Lassmann, H.5    Kollias, G.6    Probert, L.7
  • 3
    • 0027243086 scopus 로고
    • The proto-oncogene bcl-2 can selectively rescue neurotrophic factor-dependent neurons from apoptosis
    • Allsopp, T. E., S. Wyatt, H. F. Paterson, and A. M. Davies. 1993. The proto-oncogene bcl-2 can selectively rescue neurotrophic factor-dependent neurons from apoptosis. Cell 73:295-307.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 295-307
    • Allsopp, T.E.1    Wyatt, S.2    Paterson, H.F.3    Davies, A.M.4
  • 4
    • 0016156347 scopus 로고
    • Lower motor neuron degeneration associated with type C RNA virus infection in mice: Neuropathological features
    • Andrews, J. M., and M. B. Gardner. 1974. Lower motor neuron degeneration associated with type C RNA virus infection in mice: neuropathological features. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 33:285-307.
    • (1974) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.33 , pp. 285-307
    • Andrews, J.M.1    Gardner, M.B.2
  • 5
    • 0035123664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of MIP-Iα and MIP-1Β mRNAs in the brain correlates spatially and temporally with the spongiform neurodegeneration induced by a murine oncornavirus
    • Askovic, S., C. Favara, F. J. McAtee, and J. L. Portis. 2001. Increased expression of MIP-Iα and MIP-1Β mRNAs in the brain correlates spatially and temporally with the spongiform neurodegeneration induced by a murine oncornavirus. J. Virol. 75:2665-2674.
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 2665-2674
    • Askovic, S.1    Favara, C.2    McAtee, F.J.3    Portis, J.L.4
  • 7
    • 0030033193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transducers of life and death: TNF receptor superfamily and associated proteins
    • Baker, S. J., and E. P. Reddy. 1996, Transducers of life and death: TNF receptor superfamily and associated proteins. Oncogene 12:1-9.
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.12 , pp. 1-9
    • Baker, S.J.1    Reddy, E.P.2
  • 8
    • 0025200468 scopus 로고
    • Murine retroviral-induced spongi-form neuronal degeneration parallels resident microglial cell infection: Ultrastructural findings
    • Baszler, T. V., and J. F. Zachary. 1990. Murine retroviral-induced spongi-form neuronal degeneration parallels resident microglial cell infection: ultrastructural findings. Lab. Investig. 63:612-623.
    • (1990) Lab. Investig. , vol.63 , pp. 612-623
    • Baszler, T.V.1    Zachary, J.F.2
  • 9
    • 0026083185 scopus 로고
    • Murine retroviral neurovirulence correlates with an enhanced ability of virus to infect selectively, replicate in, and activate resident microglial cells
    • Baszler, T. V., and J. F. Zachary. 1991. Murine retroviral neurovirulence correlates with an enhanced ability of virus to infect selectively, replicate in, and activate resident microglial cells. Am. J. Pathol. 138:655-671.
    • (1991) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.138 , pp. 655-671
    • Baszler, T.V.1    Zachary, J.F.2
  • 11
    • 0029900295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families
    • Bazzoni, F., and B. Beutler. 1996. The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families. N. Engl. J. Med. 334:1717-1725.
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.334 , pp. 1717-1725
    • Bazzoni, F.1    Beutler, B.2
  • 12
    • 0019170764 scopus 로고
    • Spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a murine retrovirus. I. Pathogenesis of infection in newborn mice
    • Brooks, B. R., J. R. Swarz, and R. T. Johnson. 1980. Spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a murine retrovirus. I. Pathogenesis of infection in newborn mice. Lab. Investig. 43:480-486.
    • (1980) Lab. Investig. , vol.43 , pp. 480-486
    • Brooks, B.R.1    Swarz, J.R.2    Johnson, R.T.3
  • 14
    • 0031976021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegeneration induced by MoMuLV-tsl and increased expression of Fas and TNF-alpha in the central nervous system
    • Choe, W., G. Stoica, W. Lynn, and P. K. Wong. 1998. Neurodegeneration induced by MoMuLV-tsl and increased expression of Fas and TNF-alpha in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 779:1-8.
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.779 , pp. 1-8
    • Choe, W.1    Stoica, G.2    Lynn, W.3    Wong, P.K.4
  • 15
    • 0027490697 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide: Foe or friend to the injured brain?
    • Choi, D. W. 1993. Nitric oxide: foe or friend to the injured brain? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:9741-9743.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 9741-9743
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 16
    • 0029066697 scopus 로고
    • Contenders in FasL/TNF death signaling
    • Cleveland, J. L., and J. N. Ihle. 1995. Contenders in FasL/TNF death signaling. Cell 81:479-482.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 479-482
    • Cleveland, J.L.1    Ihle, J.N.2
  • 17
    • 0025879347 scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent resistance to murine retrovirus-induced spongiform neurodegeneration results from central nervous system-specific restriction of virus replication
    • Czub, M., S. Czub, F. J. McAtee, and J. L. Portis. 1991. Age-dependent resistance to murine retrovirus-induced spongiform neurodegeneration results from central nervous system-specific restriction of virus replication. J. Virol. 65:2539-2544.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 2539-2544
    • Czub, M.1    Czub, S.2    McAtee, F.J.3    Portis, J.L.4
  • 18
    • 0028802988 scopus 로고
    • Murine leukemia virus-induced neurodedegeneration of rats: Enhancement of neuropathogenicity correlates with enhanced viral tropism for macrophages, microglia, and brain vascular cells
    • Czub, M., S. Czub, M. Rappold, S. Mazgareanu, S. Schwender, M. Demuth, A. Hein, and R. Dorries. 1995. Murine leukemia virus-induced neurodedegeneration of rats: enhancement of neuropathogenicity correlates with enhanced viral tropism for macrophages, microglia, and brain vascular cells. Virology 214:239-244.
    • (1995) Virology , vol.214 , pp. 239-244
    • Czub, M.1    Czub, S.2    Rappold, M.3    Mazgareanu, S.4    Schwender, S.5    Demuth, M.6    Hein, A.7    Dorries, R.8
  • 19
    • 0026629484 scopus 로고
    • Murine retrovirus-induced spongiform encephalomyelopathy: Host and viral factors which determine the length of the incubation period
    • Czub, M., F. J. McAtee, and J. L. Portis. 1992. Murine retrovirus-induced spongiform encephalomyelopathy: host and viral factors which determine the length of the incubation period. J. Virol. 66:3298-3305.
    • (1992) J. Virol. , vol.66 , pp. 3298-3305
    • Czub, M.1    McAtee, F.J.2    Portis, J.L.3
  • 20
    • 0029052332 scopus 로고
    • The Bcl-2 family of proteins, and the regulation of neuronal survival
    • Davies, A. M. 1995. The Bcl-2 family of proteins, and the regulation of neuronal survival. Trends Neurosci. 18:355-358.
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 355-358
    • Davies, A.M.1
  • 22
    • 0027480439 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coat protein neurotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide in primary cortical cultures
    • Dawson, V. L., T. M. Dawson, G. R. Uhl, and S. H. Snyder. 1993. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coat protein neurotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide in primary cortical cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:3256-3259.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 3256-3259
    • Dawson, V.L.1    Dawson, T.M.2    Uhl, G.R.3    Snyder, S.H.4
  • 23
    • 0021687214 scopus 로고
    • Physical mapping of the paralysis-inducing determinant of a wild mouse ecotropic neurotropic retrovirus
    • DesGroseillers, L., M. Barrette, and P. Jolicoeur. 1984. Physical mapping of the paralysis-inducing determinant of a wild mouse ecotropic neurotropic retrovirus. J. Virol. 52:356-363.
    • (1984) J. Virol. , vol.52 , pp. 356-363
    • DesGroseillers, L.1    Barrette, M.2    Jolicoeur, P.3
  • 24
    • 0020967571 scopus 로고
    • Thymotropism of murine leukemia virus is conferred by its long terminal repeat
    • DesGroseillers, L., E. Rassart, and P. Jolicoeur. 1983. Thymotropism of murine leukemia virus is conferred by its long terminal repeat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4203-4207.
    • (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.80 , pp. 4203-4207
    • DesGroseillers, L.1    Rassart, E.2    Jolicoeur, P.3
  • 25
    • 0029960673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor/ligand system in multiple sclerosis brain
    • Dowling, P., G. Shang, S. Raval, J. Menonna, S. Cook, and W. Husar. 1996. Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor/ligand system in multiple sclerosis brain. J. Exp. Med. 184:1513-1518.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med. , vol.184 , pp. 1513-1518
    • Dowling, P.1    Shang, G.2    Raval, S.3    Menonna, J.4    Cook, S.5    Husar, W.6
  • 26
    • 0028343507 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal motoneurons overexpressing the bcl-2 protooncogene in transgenic mice are protected from axotomy-induced cell death
    • Dubois-Dauphin, M., H. Frankowski, Y. Tsujimoto, J. Huarte, and J. C. Martinou. 1994. Neonatal motoneurons overexpressing the bcl-2 protooncogene in transgenic mice are protected from axotomy-induced cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3309-3313.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 3309-3313
    • Dubois-Dauphin, M.1    Frankowski, H.2    Tsujimoto, Y.3    Huarte, J.4    Martinou, J.C.5
  • 27
    • 0031852288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6-deficient mice resist myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Eugster, H. P., K. Frei, M. Kopf, H. Lassmann, and A. Fontana. 1998. IL-6-deficient mice resist myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:2178-2187.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.28 , pp. 2178-2187
    • Eugster, H.P.1    Frei, K.2    Kopf, M.3    Lassmann, H.4    Fontana, A.5
  • 28
    • 0029047946 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 transgene expression can protect neurons against developmental and induced cell death
    • Farlie, P. G., R. Dringen, S. M. Rees, G. Kannourakis, and O. Bernard. 1995. bcl-2 transgene expression can protect neurons against developmental and induced cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4397-4401.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 4397-4401
    • Farlie, P.G.1    Dringen, R.2    Rees, S.M.3    Kannourakis, G.4    Bernard, O.5
  • 31
    • 0024312483 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system: An evaluation of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid
    • Gallo, P., K. Frei, C. Rordorf, J. Lazdins, B. Tavolato, and A. Fontana. 1989. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system: an evaluation of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid. J. Neuroimmunol. 23:109-116.
    • (1989) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.23 , pp. 109-116
    • Gallo, P.1    Frei, K.2    Rordorf, C.3    Lazdins, J.4    Tavolato, B.5    Fontana, A.6
  • 32
    • 0017917353 scopus 로고
    • Type-C viruses of wild mice: Characterization and natural history of amphotropic, ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses
    • Gardner, M. B. 1978. Type-C viruses of wild mice: characterization and natural history of amphotropic, ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 79:215-239.
    • (1978) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.79 , pp. 215-239
    • Gardner, M.B.1
  • 33
    • 0021997533 scopus 로고
    • Retroviral spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy
    • Gardner, M. B. 1985. Retroviral spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy. Rev. Infect. Dis. 7:99-110.
    • (1985) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 99-110
    • Gardner, M.B.1
  • 34
    • 0023766385 scopus 로고
    • Neurotropic retroviruses of wild mice and macaques
    • Gardner, M. B. 1988. Neurotropic retroviruses of wild mice and macaques. Ann. Neurol. 23(Suppl.):S201-S206.
    • (1988) Ann. Neurol. , vol.23 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Gardner, M.B.1
  • 36
    • 0027495190 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the infected target cell type in spongiform myeloencephalopathy induced by the neurotropic Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus
    • Gravel, C., D. G. Kay, and P. Jolicoeur. 1993. Identification of the infected target cell type in spongiform myeloencephalopathy induced by the neurotropic Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus. J. Virol. 67:6648-6658.
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 6648-6658
    • Gravel, C.1    Kay, D.G.2    Jolicoeur, P.3
  • 37
    • 0033179760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis
    • Gross, A., J. M. McDonnell, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 1999. BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev. 13:1899-1911.
    • (1999) Genes Dev. , vol.13 , pp. 1899-1911
    • Gross, A.1    McDonnell, J.M.2    Korsmeyer, S.J.3
  • 39
    • 0030000113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two separate envelope regions influence induction of brain disease by a polytropic murine retrovirus (FMCF98)
    • Hasenkrug, K. J., S. J. Robertson, J. Porti, F. McAtee, J. Nishio, and B. Chesebro. 1996. Two separate envelope regions influence induction of brain disease by a polytropic murine retrovirus (FMCF98). J. Virol. 70:4825-4828.
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 4825-4828
    • Hasenkrug, K.J.1    Robertson, S.J.2    Porti, J.3    McAtee, F.4    Nishio, J.5    Chesebro, B.6
  • 40
    • 0029664296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice family proteases: Mediators of all apoptotic cell death?
    • Henkart, P. A. 1996. Ice family proteases: mediators of all apoptotic cell death? Immunity 4:195-201.
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 195-201
    • Henkart, P.A.1
  • 42
    • 0026775203 scopus 로고
    • Cellular tropism and localization in the rodent nervous system of a neuropathogenic variant of Friend murine leukemia virus
    • Hoffman, P. M., E. F. Cimino, D. S. Robbins, R. D. Broadwell, J. M. Powers, and S. K. Ruscetti. 1992. Cellular tropism and localization in the rodent nervous system of a neuropathogenic variant of Friend murine leukemia virus. Lab. Investig. 67:314-321.
    • (1992) Lab. Investig. , vol.67 , pp. 314-321
    • Hoffman, P.M.1    Cimino, E.F.2    Robbins, D.S.3    Broadwell, R.D.4    Powers, J.M.5    Ruscetti, S.K.6
  • 44
    • 0024366885 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain
    • Hoffman, F. M., D. R. Hinton, K. Johnson, and J. E. Merrill. 1989. Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain. J. Exp. Med. 170:607-612.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Med. , vol.170 , pp. 607-612
    • Hoffman, F.M.1    Hinton, D.R.2    Johnson, K.3    Merrill, J.E.4
  • 46
    • 0025724107 scopus 로고
    • The majority of cells infected with the defective murine AIDS virus belong to the B-cell lineage
    • Huang, M., C. Simard, D. G. Kay, and P. Jolicoeur. 1991. The majority of cells infected with the defective murine AIDS virus belong to the B-cell lineage. J. Virol. 65:6562-6571.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 6562-6571
    • Huang, M.1    Simard, C.2    Kay, D.G.3    Jolicoeur, P.4
  • 47
    • 0028894427 scopus 로고
    • Marked induction of calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity after focal cerebral ischemia
    • Iadecola, C., X. Xu, F. Zhang, E. E. el Fakahany, and M. E. Ross. 1995. Marked induction of calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity after focal cerebral ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:52-59.
    • (1995) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.15 , pp. 52-59
    • Iadecola, C.1    Xu, X.2    Zhang, F.3    El Fakahany, E.E.4    Ross, M.E.5
  • 48
    • 0028939139 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen
    • Jacobson, M. D., and M. C. Raff. 1995. Programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen. Nature 374:814-816.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 814-816
    • Jacobson, M.D.1    Raff, M.C.2
  • 49
    • 0345071422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and elevation of tyrosine nitration of a 32-kilodalton cellular protein in brain capillary endothelial cells from rats infected with a neuro-pathogenic murine leukemia virus
    • Jinno-Oue, A., S. G. Wilt, C. Hanson, N. V. Dugger, P. M. Hoffman, M. Masuda, and S. K. Ruscetti. 2003. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and elevation of tyrosine nitration of a 32-kilodalton cellular protein in brain capillary endothelial cells from rats infected with a neuro-pathogenic murine leukemia virus. J. Virol. 77:5145-5151.
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 5145-5151
    • Jinno-Oue, A.1    Wilt, S.G.2    Hanson, C.3    Dugger, N.V.4    Hoffman, P.M.5    Masuda, M.6    Ruscetti, S.K.7
  • 50
    • 0344230394 scopus 로고
    • Retrovirus-induced lower motor neuron disease in mice: A model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and human spongiform neurologicaI diseases
    • A. J. Hudson (ed.). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada
    • Jolicoeur, P. 1990. Retrovirus-induced lower motor neuron disease in mice: a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and human spongiform neurologicaI diseases, p. 52-82. In A. J. Hudson (ed.), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Concepts in pathogenesis and etiology. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.
    • (1990) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Concepts in Pathogenesis and Etiology , pp. 52-82
    • Jolicoeur, P.1
  • 51
    • 0026045112 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal loss in a lower motor neuron disease induced by a murine retrovirus
    • Jolicoeur, P. 1991. Neuronal loss in a lower motor neuron disease induced by a murine retrovirus. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 18:411-413.
    • (1991) Can. J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 411-413
    • Jolicoeur, P.1
  • 52
    • 0016748885 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the Fv-1 locus on the titration of murine leukemia viruses
    • Jolicoeur, P., and D. Baltimore. 1975. Effect of the Fv-1 locus on the titration of murine leukemia viruses. J. Virol, 16:1593-1598.
    • (1975) J. Virol. , vol.16 , pp. 1593-1598
    • Jolicoeur, P.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 54
    • 0029861661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prion gene is dispensable for the development of spongiform myeloencephalopathy induced by the neurovirulent Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus
    • Jolicoeur, P., G. Masse, and D. G. Kay. 1996. The prion gene is dispensable for the development of spongiform myeloencephalopathy induced by the neurovirulent Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus. J. Virol. 70:9031-9034.
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 9031-9034
    • Jolicoeur, P.1    Masse, G.2    Kay, D.G.3
  • 55
    • 0020687114 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of infectious viral DNA from ecotropic neurotropic wild mouse retrovirus
    • Jolicoeur, P., N. Nicolaiew, L. DesGroseillers, and E. Rassart. 1983. Molecular cloning of infectious viral DNA from ecotropic neurotropic wild mouse retrovirus. J. Virol. 45:1159-1163.
    • (1983) J. Virol. , vol.45 , pp. 1159-1163
    • Jolicoeur, P.1    Nicolaiew, N.2    DesGroseillers, L.3    Rassart, E.4
  • 56
    • 0025934991 scopus 로고
    • Retrovirus-induced motor neuron disease of mice: Molecular basis of neurotropism and paralysis
    • Jolicoeur, P., E. Rassart, L. DesGroseillers, Y. Robitaille, Y. Paquette, and D. G. Kay. 1991. Retrovirus-induced motor neuron disease of mice: molecular basis of neurotropism and paralysis. Adv. Neurol. 56:481-493.
    • (1991) Adv. Neurol. , vol.56 , pp. 481-493
    • Jolicoeur, P.1    Rassart, E.2    DesGroseillers, L.3    Robitaille, Y.4    Paquette, Y.5    Kay, D.G.6
  • 58
    • 0033578301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric-oxide synthase and neurodegeneration/neuroprotection
    • Kaufman, P. L. 1999. Nitric-oxide synthase and neurodegeneration/neuroprotection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9455-9456.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 9455-9456
    • Kaufman, P.L.1
  • 59
    • 0026073165 scopus 로고
    • Retrovirus-induced spongiform myeloencephalopathy in mice: Regional distribution of infected target cells and neuronal loss occurring in the absence of viral expression in neurons
    • Kay, D., C. Gravel, Y. Robitaille, and P. Jolicoeur. 1991. Retrovirus-induced spongiform myeloencephalopathy in mice: regional distribution of infected target cells and neuronal loss occurring in the absence of viral expression in neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1281-1285.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Kay, D.1    Gravel, C.2    Robitaille, Y.3    Jolicoeur, P.4
  • 60
  • 61
    • 0030298570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of nitric oxide synthase at the messenger RNA and protein levels during early rat brain development
    • Keilhoff, G., B. Seidel, H. Noack, W. Tischmeyer, D. Stanek, and G. Wolf. 1996. Patterns of nitric oxide synthase at the messenger RNA and protein levels during early rat brain development. Neuroscience 75:1193-1201.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.75 , pp. 1193-1201
    • Keilhoff, G.1    Seidel, B.2    Noack, H.3    Tischmeyer, W.4    Stanek, D.5    Wolf, G.6
  • 63
    • 0028920863 scopus 로고
    • Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme
    • Kuida, K., J. A. Lippke, G. Ku, M. W. Harding, D. J. Livingston, M. S. Su, and R. A. Flavell. 1995. Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. Science 267:2000-2003.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 2000-2003
    • Kuida, K.1    Lippke, J.A.2    Ku, G.3    Harding, M.W.4    Livingston, D.J.5    Su, M.S.6    Flavell, R.A.7
  • 65
    • 0028984948 scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient in IL-1 beta-converting enzyme are defective in production of mature IL-1 beta and resistant to endotoxic shock
    • Li, P., H. Allen, S. Banerjee, S. Franklin, L. Herzog, C. Johnston, J. McDowell, M. Paskind, L. Rodman, and J. Salfeld. 1995. Mice deficient in IL-1 beta-converting enzyme are defective in production of mature IL-1 beta and resistant to endotoxic shock. Cell 80:401-411.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 401-411
    • Li, P.1    Allen, H.2    Banerjee, S.3    Franklin, S.4    Herzog, L.5    Johnston, C.6    McDowell, J.7    Paskind, M.8    Rodman, L.9    Salfeld, J.10
  • 67
    • 0023471275 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of nerve growth factor in non-neuronal cells of rat sciatic nerve
    • Lindholm, D., R. Heumann, M. Meyer, and H. Thoenen. 1987. Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of nerve growth factor in non-neuronal cells of rat sciatic nerve. Nature 330:658-659.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.330 , pp. 658-659
    • Lindholm, D.1    Heumann, R.2    Meyer, M.3    Thoenen, H.4
  • 68
    • 0033510160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient in interleukin-1 converting enzyme are resistant to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage
    • Liu, X. H., D. Kwon, G. P. Schielke, G. Y. Yang, F. S. Silverstein, and J. D. Barks. 1999. Mice deficient in interleukin-1 converting enzyme are resistant to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19:1099-1108.
    • (1999) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.19 , pp. 1099-1108
    • Liu, X.H.1    Kwon, D.2    Schielke, G.P.3    Yang, G.Y.4    Silverstein, F.S.5    Barks, J.D.6
  • 69
    • 0035936797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: Integrating mammalian biology
    • Locksley, R. M., N. Killeen, and M. J. Lenardo. 2001. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell 104:487-501.
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , pp. 487-501
    • Locksley, R.M.1    Killeen, N.2    Lenardo, M.J.3
  • 70
    • 0033578435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor alpha action on neurodegeneration: Interaction with insulin-like growth factor-1
    • Loddick, S. A., and N. J. Rothwell. 1999. Mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor alpha action on neurodegeneration: interaction with insulin-like growth factor-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9449-9451.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 9449-9451
    • Loddick, S.A.1    Rothwell, N.J.2
  • 71
    • 0026729267 scopus 로고
    • Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme
    • Lowenstein, C. J., C. S. Glatt, D. S. Bredt, and S. H. Snyder. 1992. Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6711-6715.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 6711-6715
    • Lowenstein, C.J.1    Glatt, C.S.2    Bredt, D.S.3    Snyder, S.H.4
  • 73
    • 0026006927 scopus 로고
    • Murine retrovirus-induced spongiform encephalopathy: Productive infection of microglia and cerebellar neurons in accelerated CNS disease
    • Lynch, W. P., S. Czub, F. J. McAtee, S. F. Hayes, and J. L. Portis. 1991. Murine retrovirus-induced spongiform encephalopathy: productive infection of microglia and cerebellar neurons in accelerated CNS disease. Neuron 7:365-379.
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.7 , pp. 365-379
    • Lynch, W.P.1    Czub, S.2    McAtee, F.J.3    Hayes, S.F.4    Portis, J.L.5
  • 74
    • 0029959866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late virus replication events in microglia are required for neurovirulent retrovirus-induced spongiform neurodegeneration: Evidence from neural progenitor-derived chimeric mouse brains
    • Lynch, W. P., E. Y. Snyder, L. Qualtiere, J. L. Portis, and A. H. Sharpe. 1996. Late virus replication events in microglia are required for neurovirulent retrovirus-induced spongiform neurodegeneration: evidence from neural progenitor-derived chimeric mouse brains. J. Virol. 70:8896-8907.
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 8896-8907
    • Lynch, W.P.1    Snyder, E.Y.2    Qualtiere, L.3    Portis, J.L.4    Sharpe, A.H.5
  • 76
    • 0027209693 scopus 로고
    • Viral determinants that control the neuropathogenicity of PVC-211 murine leukemia virus in vivo determine brain capillary endothelial cell tropism of the virus in vitro
    • Masuda, M., P. M. Hoffman, and S. K. Ruscetti. 1993. Viral determinants that control the neuropathogenicity of PVC-211 murine leukemia virus in vivo determine brain capillary endothelial cell tropism of the virus in vitro. J. Virol. 67:4580-4587.
    • (1993) J. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 4580-4587
    • Masuda, M.1    Hoffman, P.M.2    Ruscetti, S.K.3
  • 77
    • 0017377228 scopus 로고
    • Lower limb paralysis induced in mice by a temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney leukemia virus
    • McCarter, J. A., J. K. Ball, and J. V. Frei. 1977. Lower limb paralysis induced in mice by a temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney leukemia virus. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 59:179-183.
    • (1977) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.59 , pp. 179-183
    • McCarter, J.A.1    Ball, J.K.2    Frei, J.V.3
  • 79
    • 0028031338 scopus 로고
    • Viral load and its relationship to quinolinic acid, TNF alpha, and IL-6 levels in the CNS of retroviral infected mice
    • Nagra, R. M., M. P. Heyes, and C. A. Wiley. 1994. Viral load and its relationship to quinolinic acid, TNF alpha, and IL-6 levels in the CNS of retroviral infected mice. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 22:143-160.
    • (1994) Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. , vol.22 , pp. 143-160
    • Nagra, R.M.1    Heyes, M.P.2    Wiley, C.A.3
  • 80
    • 0028092958 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls, and controls
    • Nathan, C., and Q. W. Xie. 1994. Nitric oxide synthases: roles, tolls, and controls. Cell 78:915-918.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 915-918
    • Nathan, C.1    Xie, Q.W.2
  • 82
    • 0017664423 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of the slow disease of the central nervous system associated with WM 1504 E virus. I. Relationship of strain susceptibility and replication to disease
    • Oldstone, M. B., P. W. Lampert, S. Lee, and F. J. Dixon. 1977. Pathogenesis of the slow disease of the central nervous system associated with WM 1504 E virus. I. Relationship of strain susceptibility and replication to disease. Am. J. Pathol. 88:193-212.
    • (1977) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.88 , pp. 193-212
    • Oldstone, M.B.1    Lampert, P.W.2    Lee, S.3    Dixon, F.J.4
  • 83
    • 0019136306 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of the slow-disease of the central nervous system associated with wild mouse virus. II. Role of virus and host gene products
    • Oldstone, M. B. A., F. Jensen, F. J. Dixon, and P. W. Lampert. 1980. Pathogenesis of the slow-disease of the central nervous system associated with wild mouse virus. II. Role of virus and host gene products. Virology 107:180-193.
    • (1980) Virology , vol.107 , pp. 180-193
    • Oldstone, M.B.A.1    Jensen, F.2    Dixon, F.J.3    Lampert, P.W.4
  • 85
    • 0035128996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic models for CNS inflammation
    • Owens, T., H. Wekerle, and J. Antel. 2001. Genetic models for CNS inflammation. Nat. Med. 7:161-166.
    • (2001) Nat. Med. , vol.7 , pp. 161-166
    • Owens, T.1    Wekerle, H.2    Antel, J.3
  • 86
    • 0024375856 scopus 로고
    • Retrovirus-induced murine motor neuron disease: Mapping the determinant of spongiform degeneration within the envelope gene
    • Paquette, Y., Z. Hanna, P. Savard, R. Brosseau, Y. Robitaille, and P. Jolicoeur. 1989. Retrovirus-induced murine motor neuron disease: mapping the determinant of spongiform degeneration within the envelope gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3896-3900.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 3896-3900
    • Paquette, Y.1    Hanna, Z.2    Savard, P.3    Brosseau, R.4    Robitaille, Y.5    Jolicoeur, P.6
  • 87
    • 0035120432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in cytokine and chemokine responses during neurological disease induced by polytropic murine retroviruses map to separate regions of the viral envelope gene
    • Peterson, K. E., S. J. Robertson, J. L. Portis, and B. Chesebro. 2001. Differences in cytokine and chemokine responses during neurological disease induced by polytropic murine retroviruses map to separate regions of the viral envelope gene. J. Virol. 75:2848-2856.
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 2848-2856
    • Peterson, K.E.1    Robertson, S.J.2    Portis, J.L.3    Chesebro, B.4
  • 88
  • 89
    • 0023230328 scopus 로고
    • Ultra-structural changes associated with retroviral replication in central nervous system capillary endothelial cells
    • Pitts, O. M., J. M. Powers, J. A. Bilello, and P. M. Hoffman. 1987. Ultra-structural changes associated with retroviral replication in central nervous system capillary endothelial cells. Lab. Investig. 56:401-408.
    • (1987) Lab. Investig. , vol.56 , pp. 401-408
    • Pitts, O.M.1    Powers, J.M.2    Bilello, J.A.3    Hoffman, P.M.4
  • 90
    • 0025213982 scopus 로고
    • Neurodegenerative disease induced by the wild mouse ecotropic retrovirus is markedly accelerated by long terminal repeat and gag-pol sequences from nondefective Friend murine leukemia virus
    • Portis, J. L., S. Czub, C. F. Garon, and F. J. MeAtee. 1990. Neurodegenerative disease induced by the wild mouse ecotropic retrovirus is markedly accelerated by long terminal repeat and gag-pol sequences from nondefective Friend murine leukemia virus. J. Virol. 64:1648-1656.
    • (1990) J. Virol. , vol.64 , pp. 1648-1656
    • Portis, J.L.1    Czub, S.2    Garon, C.F.3    MeAtee, F.J.4
  • 91
    • 0028826123 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a neurologic disease induced by a polytropic murine retrovirus: Evidence for differential targeting of ecotropic and polytropic viruses in the brain
    • Portis, J. L., S. Czub, S. Robertson, F. McAtee, and B. Chesebro. 1995. Characterization of a neurologic disease induced by a polytropic murine retrovirus: evidence for differential targeting of ecotropic and polytropic viruses in the brain. J. Virol. 69:8070-8075.
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 8070-8075
    • Portis, J.L.1    Czub, S.2    Robertson, S.3    McAtee, F.4    Chesebro, B.5
  • 92
    • 0032145603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the determinants of neuropathogenesis of the murine oncornaviruses
    • Portis, J. L., and W. P. Lynch. 1998. Dissecting the determinants of neuropathogenesis of the murine oncornaviruses. Virology 247:127-136.
    • (1998) Virology , vol.247 , pp. 127-136
    • Portis, J.L.1    Lynch, W.P.2
  • 93
    • 0032168230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of a neurovirulence determinant within the envelope protein of a polytropic murine retrovirus: Induction of central nervous system disease by low levels of virus
    • Poulsen, D. J., S. J. Robertson, C. A. Favara, J. L. Portis, and B. W. Chesebro. 1998. Mapping of a neurovirulence determinant within the envelope protein of a polytropic murine retrovirus: induction of central nervous system disease by low levels of virus. Virology 248:199-207.
    • (1998) Virology , vol.248 , pp. 199-207
    • Poulsen, D.J.1    Robertson, S.J.2    Favara, C.A.3    Portis, J.L.4    Chesebro, B.W.5
  • 94
    • 0030960347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic disease induced by polytropic murine retroviruses: Neurovirulence determined by efficiency of spread to microglial cells
    • Robertson, S. J., K. J. Hasenkrug, B. Chesebro, and J. L. Portis. 1997. Neurologic disease induced by polytropic murine retroviruses: neurovirulence determined by efficiency of spread to microglial cells. J. Virol. 71:5287-5294.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 5287-5294
    • Robertson, S.J.1    Hasenkrug, K.J.2    Chesebro, B.3    Portis, J.L.4
  • 95
    • 0028128416 scopus 로고
    • NO at work
    • Schmidt, H. and U. Walter. 1994. NO at work. Cell 78:919-925.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 919-925
    • Schmidt, H.1    Walter, U.2
  • 96
    • 0025354384 scopus 로고
    • Role of abortive retroviral infection of neurons in spongiform CNS degeneration
    • Sharpe, A. H., J. J. Hunter, P. Chassler, and R. Jaenisch. 1990. Role of abortive retroviral infection of neurons in spongiform CNS degeneration. Nature 346:181-183.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 181-183
    • Sharpe, A.H.1    Hunter, J.J.2    Chassler, P.3    Jaenisch, R.4
  • 97
    • 0026774797 scopus 로고
    • Induction of nitric oxide synthase in glial cells
    • Simmons, M. L., and S. Murphy. 1992. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in glial cells. J. Neurochem. 59:897-905.
    • (1992) J. Neurochem. , vol.59 , pp. 897-905
    • Simmons, M.L.1    Murphy, S.2
  • 98
    • 0019823857 scopus 로고
    • Spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a murine retrovirus. II. Ultrastructural localization of virus replication and spongiform changes in the central nervous system
    • Swarz, J. R., B. R. Brooks, and R. T. Johnson. 1981. Spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a murine retrovirus. II. Ultrastructural localization of virus replication and spongiform changes in the central nervous system. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 7:365-380.
    • (1981) Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. , vol.7 , pp. 365-380
    • Swarz, J.R.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Johnson, R.T.3
  • 99
    • 0025169836 scopus 로고
    • A Val-25-to-Ile substitution in the envelope precursor polyprotein, gPr80env, is responsible for the temperature sensitivity, inefficient processing of gPr80env, and neurovirulence of ts1, a mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB
    • Szurek, P. F., P. H. Yuen, J. K. Ball, and P. K. Wong. 1990. A Val-25-to-Ile substitution in the envelope precursor polyprotein, gPr80env, is responsible for the temperature sensitivity, inefficient processing of gPr80env, and neurovirulence of ts1, a mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB. J. Virol. 64:467-475.
    • (1990) J. Virol. , vol.64 , pp. 467-475
    • Szurek, P.F.1    Yuen, P.H.2    Ball, J.K.3    Wong, P.K.4
  • 100
    • 0028223847 scopus 로고
    • Generalized lymphoproliferative disease in mice, caused by a point mutation in the Fas ligand
    • Takahashi, T., M. Tanaka, C. I. Brannan, N. A. Jenkins, N. G. Copeland, and T. N. S. Suda. 1994. Generalized lymphoproliferative disease in mice, caused by a point mutation in the Fas ligand. Cell 76:969-976.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 969-976
    • Takahashi, T.1    Tanaka, M.2    Brannan, C.I.3    Jenkins, N.A.4    Copeland, N.G.5    Suda, T.N.S.6
  • 101
    • 0034176591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new concept in neurodegeneration: TNFα is a silencer of survival signals
    • Venters, H. D., R. Dantzer, and K. W. Kelley. 2000. A new concept in neurodegeneration: TNFα is a silencer of survival signals. Trends Neurosci. 23:175-180.
    • (2000) Trends Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 175-180
    • Venters, H.D.1    Dantzer, R.2    Kelley, K.W.3
  • 102
    • 0026471158 scopus 로고
    • Activated astrocytes of the mouse hippocampus contain high levels of NADPH-diaphorase
    • Wallace, M. N., and K. Fredens. 1992. Activated astrocytes of the mouse hippocampus contain high levels of NADPH-diaphorase. Neuroreport 3:953-956.
    • (1992) Neuroreport , vol.3 , pp. 953-956
    • Wallace, M.N.1    Fredens, K.2
  • 103
    • 0026568919 scopus 로고
    • Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis
    • Watanabe-Fukunaga, R., C. I. Brannan, N. G. Copeland, N. A. Jenkins, and S. Nagata. 1992. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 356:314-317.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 314-317
    • Watanabe-Fukunaga, R.1    Brannan, C.I.2    Copeland, N.G.3    Jenkins, N.A.4    Nagata, S.5
  • 106
    • 0034331347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for oxidative damage in a murine leukemia virus-induced neurodegeneration
    • Wilt, S. G., N. V. Dugger, N. D. Hitt, and P. M. Hoffman. 2000. Evidence for oxidative damage in a murine leukemia virus-induced neurodegeneration. J. Neurosci. Res. 62:440-450.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.62 , pp. 440-450
    • Wilt, S.G.1    Dugger, N.V.2    Hitt, N.D.3    Hoffman, P.M.4
  • 107
    • 0025233572 scopus 로고
    • Moloney murine leukemia virus temperature-sensitive mutants: A model for retrovirus-induced neurologic disorders
    • Wong, P. K. 1990. Moloney murine leukemia virus temperature-sensitive mutants: a model for retrovirus-induced neurologic disorders. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 160:29-60.
    • (1990) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.160 , pp. 29-60
    • Wong, P.K.1
  • 108
    • 0026003741 scopus 로고
    • High susceptibility of FVB/N mice to the paralytic disease induced by tsl, a mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB
    • Wong, P. K., E. Floyd, and P. F. Szurek. 1991. High susceptibility of FVB/N mice to the paralytic disease induced by tsl, a mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB. Virology 180:365-371.
    • (1991) Virology , vol.180 , pp. 365-371
    • Wong, P.K.1    Floyd, E.2    Szurek, P.F.3
  • 109
    • 0020535201 scopus 로고
    • A group of temperature-sensitive mutants of Moloney leukemia virus which is defective in cleavage of env precursor polypeptide in infected cells also induces hind-limb paralysis in newborn CFW/D mice
    • Wong, P. K., M. M. Soong, R. MacLeod, G. E. Gallick, and P. H. Yuen. 1983. A group of temperature-sensitive mutants of Moloney leukemia virus which is defective in cleavage of env precursor polypeptide in infected cells also induces hind-limb paralysis in newborn CFW/D mice. Virology 125:513-518.
    • (1983) Virology , vol.125 , pp. 513-518
    • Wong, P.K.1    Soong, M.M.2    MacLeod, R.3    Gallick, G.E.4    Yuen, P.H.5
  • 111
    • 0030862067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of pathological lesions in the central nervous system of transgenic mice expressing the env gene of tsl Moloney murine leukemia virus in the absence of the viral gag and pol genes and viral replication
    • Yu, Y. E., W. Choe, W. Zhang, G. Stoica, and P. K. Wong. 1997. Development of pathological lesions in the central nervous system of transgenic mice expressing the env gene of tsl Moloney murine leukemia virus in the absence of the viral gag and pol genes and viral replication. J. Neurovirol. 3:274-282.
    • (1997) J. Neurovirol. , vol.3 , pp. 274-282
    • Yu, Y.E.1    Choe, W.2    Zhang, W.3    Stoica, G.4    Wong, P.K.5
  • 112
    • 0034641936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the nervous system
    • Yuan, J., and B. A. Yankner. 2000. Apoptosis in the nervous system. Nature 407:802-809.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 802-809
    • Yuan, J.1    Yankner, B.A.2
  • 113
    • 0022515980 scopus 로고
    • Noninflammatory spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a neurotropic temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB
    • Zachary, J. F., C. J. Knupp, and P. K. Wong. 1986. Noninflammatory spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy caused by a neurotropic temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB. Am. J. Pathol. 124:457-468.
    • (1986) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.124 , pp. 457-468
    • Zachary, J.F.1    Knupp, C.J.2    Wong, P.K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.