메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 4-18

Clinical and molecular advances in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias: From genotype to phenotype and physiopathology

Author keywords

Anticipation; Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia; Clinical and genetic correlations; Genetic heterogeneity; Polyglutamine expansion; Spinocerebellar ataxias

Indexed keywords

POLYGLUTAMINE;

EID: 0343820077     PISSN: 10184813     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200403     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (170)

References (178)
  • 1
    • 0000834705 scopus 로고
    • An attempt to classify cerebellar disease, with a note on Marie's hereditary cerebellar ataxia
    • Holmes G: An attempt to classify cerebellar disease, with a note on Marie's hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Brain 1907; 30: 545-567.
    • (1907) Brain , vol.30 , pp. 545-567
    • Holmes, G.1
  • 3
    • 0014787658 scopus 로고
    • The olivopontocerebellar atrophies: A review
    • Konigsmark BW, Weiner LP: The olivopontocerebellar atrophies: a review. Medicine (Baltimore) 1970; 49: 227-241.
    • (1970) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.49 , pp. 227-241
    • Konigsmark, B.W.1    Weiner, L.P.2
  • 4
    • 0019902437 scopus 로고
    • The clinical features and classification of the late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. A study of 11 families, including descendants of the Drew family of Walworth
    • Harding AE: The clinical features and classification of the late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. A study of 11 families, including descendants of the Drew family of Walworth. Brain 1982; 105: 1-28.
    • (1982) Brain , vol.105 , pp. 1-28
    • Harding, A.E.1
  • 6
    • 0027342814 scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and classification of inherited ataxias
    • Harding AE: Clinical features and classification of inherited ataxias. Adv Neurol 1993; 61: 1-14.
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 1-14
    • Harding, A.E.1
  • 7
    • 0010410867 scopus 로고
    • Über degenerative Atrophie der spinalen Hinterstränge
    • Friedreich N: Über degenerative Atrophie der spinalen Hinterstränge. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 1863; 27: 1-26.
    • (1863) Virchows Arch Pathol Anat , vol.27 , pp. 1-26
    • Friedreich, N.1
  • 8
    • 0019782799 scopus 로고
    • Friedreich's ataxia: A clinical and genetic study of 90 families with an analysis of early diagnostic criteria and intrafamilial clustering of clinical features
    • Harding AE: Friedreich's ataxia: a clinical and genetic study of 90 families with an analysis of early diagnostic criteria and intrafamilial clustering of clinical features. Brain 1981; 104: 589-620.
    • (1981) Brain , vol.104 , pp. 589-620
    • Harding, A.E.1
  • 9
    • 13344270899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friedreich's ataxia: Autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet repeat expansion
    • Campuzano V, Montermini E, Molto MD et al: Friedreich's ataxia: autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet repeat expansion. Science 1996; 271: 1423-1427.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1423-1427
    • Campuzano, V.1    Montermini, E.2    Molto, M.D.3
  • 11
    • 0027162192 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal assignment of the second locus for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (SCA2) to chromosome 12q23-24.1
    • Gispert S, Twells R, Orozco G et al: Chromosomal assignment of the second locus for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (SCA2) to chromosome 12q23-24.1. Nat Genet 1993; 4: 295-299.
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.4 , pp. 295-299
    • Gispert, S.1    Twells, R.2    Orozco, G.3
  • 12
    • 0027279503 scopus 로고
    • The gene for Machado-Joseph disease maps to human chromosome 14q
    • Takiyama Y, Nishizawa M, Tanaka H et al: The gene for Machado-Joseph disease maps to human chromosome 14q. Nat Genet 1993; 4: 300-304.
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.4 , pp. 300-304
    • Takiyama, Y.1    Nishizawa, M.2    Tanaka, H.3
  • 13
    • 0028157908 scopus 로고
    • A third locus for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I maps to chromosome 14q24.3-qter: Evidence for the existence of a fourth locus
    • Stevanin G, Le Guern E, Ravise N et al: A third locus for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I maps to chromosome 14q24.3-qter: evidence for the existence of a fourth locus. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 54: 11-20.
    • (1994) Am J Hum Genet , vol.54 , pp. 11-20
    • Stevanin, G.1    Le Guern, E.2    Ravise, N.3
  • 14
    • 0029792130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia with sensory axonal neuropathy (SCA4): Clinical description and genetic localization to chromosome 16q22.1
    • Flanigan K, Gardner K, Alderson K et al: Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia with sensory axonal neuropathy (SCA4): clinical description and genetic localization to chromosome 16q22.1. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59: 392-399.
    • (1996) Am J Hum Genet , vol.59 , pp. 392-399
    • Flanigan, K.1    Gardner, K.2    Alderson, K.3
  • 15
    • 0029031694 scopus 로고
    • The gene for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with pigmentary macular dystrophy maps to chromosome 3p12-p21.1
    • Benomar A, Krols L, Stevanin G et al: The gene for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with pigmentary macular dystrophy maps to chromosome 3p12-p21.1. Nat Genet 1995; 10: 84-88.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.10 , pp. 84-88
    • Benomar, A.1    Krols, L.2    Stevanin, G.3
  • 16
    • 0029048660 scopus 로고
    • Retinal degeneration characterizes a spinocerebellar ataxia mapping to chromosome 3p
    • Gouw LG, Kaplan CD, Haines JH et al: Retinal degeneration characterizes a spinocerebellar ataxia mapping to chromosome 3p. Nat Genet 1995; 10: 89-93.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.10 , pp. 89-93
    • Gouw, L.G.1    Kaplan, C.D.2    Haines, J.H.3
  • 17
    • 0029117960 scopus 로고
    • Localization of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with retinal degeneration and anticipation to chromosome 3p12-p21.1
    • Holmberg M, Johansson J, Forsgren L, Heijbel J, Sandgren O, Holmgren G: Localization of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with retinal degeneration and anticipation to chromosome 3p12-p21.1. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 1441-1445.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 1441-1445
    • Holmberg, M.1    Johansson, J.2    Forsgren, L.3    Heijbel, J.4    Sandgren, O.5    Holmgren, G.6
  • 18
    • 0028020605 scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 in a family descended from the grandparents of President Lincoln maps to chromosome 11
    • Ranum LP, Schut LJ, Lundgren JK, Orr HT, Livingston DM: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 in a family descended from the grandparents of President Lincoln maps to chromosome 11. Nat Genet 1994; 8: 280-284.
    • (1994) Nat Genet , vol.8 , pp. 280-284
    • Ranum, L.P.1    Schut, L.J.2    Lundgren, J.K.3    Orr, H.T.4    Livingston, D.M.5
  • 19
    • 0033358555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III: Linkage of a large British family to a 7.6cM region (SCA 11) on chromosome 15q14-21.3
    • Worth PF, Giunti P, Gardner-Thorpe CG, Dixon PH, Davis MB, Wood NW: Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III: linkage of a large British family to a 7.6cM region (SCA 11) on chromosome 15q14-21.3. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65: 420-426.
    • (1999) Am J Hum Genet , vol.65 , pp. 420-426
    • Worth, P.F.1    Giunti, P.2    Gardner-Thorpe, C.G.3    Dixon, P.H.4    Davis, M.B.5    Wood, N.W.6
  • 21
    • 0033069723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of a new autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia to chromosome 22
    • Zu L, Figueroa KP, Grewal R, Pulst SM: Mapping of a new autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia to chromosome 22. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64: 594-599.
    • (1999) Am J Hum Genet , vol.64 , pp. 594-599
    • Zu, L.1    Figueroa, K.P.2    Grewal, R.3    Pulst, S.M.4
  • 22
  • 23
    • 0027164698 scopus 로고
    • Expansion of an unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
    • Orr HT, Chung MY, Banfi S et al: Expansion of an unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Nat Genet 1993; 4: 221-226.
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.4 , pp. 221-226
    • Orr, H.T.1    Chung, M.Y.2    Banfi, S.3
  • 24
    • 0030294345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the gene for spinocerebellar ataxia 2 reveals a locus with high sensitivity to expanded CAG/glutamine repeats
    • Imbert G, Saudou F, Yvert G et al: Cloning of the gene for spinocerebellar ataxia 2 reveals a locus with high sensitivity to expanded CAG/glutamine repeats. Nat Genet 1996; 14: 285-291.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.14 , pp. 285-291
    • Imbert, G.1    Saudou, F.2    Yvert, G.3
  • 25
    • 0030292488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate expansion of a normally biallelic trinucleotide repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
    • Pulst SM, Nechiporuk A, Nechiporuk T et al: Moderate expansion of a normally biallelic trinucleotide repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Nat Genet 1996; 14: 269-276.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.14 , pp. 269-276
    • Pulst, S.M.1    Nechiporuk, A.2    Nechiporuk, T.3
  • 26
    • 0030292368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene using a direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique, DIRECT
    • Sanpei K, Takano H, Igarashi S et al: Identification of the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene using a direct identification of repeat expansion and cloning technique, DIRECT. Nat Genet 1996; 14: 277-284.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.14 , pp. 277-284
    • Sanpei, K.1    Takano, H.2    Igarashi, S.3
  • 27
    • 0028143527 scopus 로고
    • CAG expansion in a novel gene for Machado-Joseph disease at chromosome 14q32.1
    • Kawaguchi Y, Okamoto T, Taniwaki M et al: CAG expansion in a novel gene for Machado-Joseph disease at chromosome 14q32.1. Nat Genet 1994; 8: 221-227.
    • (1994) Nat Genet , vol.8 , pp. 221-227
    • Kawaguchi, Y.1    Okamoto, T.2    Taniwaki, M.3
  • 28
    • 0029151475 scopus 로고
    • Marked phenotypic heterogeneity associated with expansion of a CAG repeat sequence at the spinocerebellar ataxia3/Machado-Joseph disease locus
    • Cancel G, Abbas N, Stevanin G et al: Marked phenotypic heterogeneity associated with expansion of a CAG repeat sequence at the spinocerebellar ataxia3/Machado-Joseph disease locus. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57: 809-816.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.57 , pp. 809-816
    • Cancel, G.1    Abbas, N.2    Stevanin, G.3
  • 29
    • 0028988941 scopus 로고
    • Trinucleotide expansion within the MJD1 gene presents clinically as spinocerebellar ataxia and occurs most frequently in German SCA patients
    • Schols L, Vieira-Saecker AM, Schols S, Przuntek H, Epplen JT, Riess O: Trinucleotide expansion within the MJD1 gene presents clinically as spinocerebellar ataxia and occurs most frequently in German SCA patients. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 1001-1005.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 1001-1005
    • Schols, L.1    Vieira-Saecker, A.M.2    Schols, S.3    Przuntek, H.4    Epplen, J.T.5    Riess, O.6
  • 30
    • 16944364511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the SCA7 gene reveals a highly unstable CAG repeat expansion
    • David G, Abbas N, Stevanin G et al: Cloning of the SCA7 gene reveals a highly unstable CAG repeat expansion. Nat Genet 1997; 17: 65-70.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.17 , pp. 65-70
    • David, G.1    Abbas, N.2    Stevanin, G.3
  • 31
    • 6844239536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic analysis of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with retinal degeneration (ADCA type II) caused by CAG triplet repeat expansion
    • Del-Favero J, Krols L, Michalik A et al: Molecular genetic analysis of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with retinal degeneration (ADCA type II) caused by CAG triplet repeat expansion. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 177-186.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 177-186
    • Del-Favero, J.1    Krols, L.2    Michalik, A.3
  • 33
    • 0031585131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking the rule of three
    • Mandel J-L: Breaking the rule of three. Nature 1997; 386: 767-769.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 767-769
    • Mandel, J.-L.1
  • 34
    • 0031971617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncloned expanded CAG/CTG repeat sequences in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) detected by the repeat expansion detection (RED) method
    • Pujana MA, Voipini V, Gratacos M et al: Uncloned expanded CAG/CTG repeat sequences in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) detected by the repeat expansion detection (RED) method. J Med Genet 1998; 35: 99-102.
    • (1998) J Med Genet , vol.35 , pp. 99-102
    • Pujana, M.A.1    Voipini, V.2    Gratacos, M.3
  • 35
    • 10544253082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for proteins with polyglutamine expansions in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias
    • Stevanin G, Trottier Y, Cancel G et al: Screening for proteins with polyglutamine expansions in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5: 1887-1892.
    • (1996) Hum Mol Genet , vol.5 , pp. 1887-1892
    • Stevanin, G.1    Trottier, Y.2    Cancel, G.3
  • 36
    • 0032900772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An untranslated CTG expansion causes a novel form of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA8)
    • Koob MD, Moseley ML, Schut LJ et al: An untranslated CTG expansion causes a novel form of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA8). Nat Genet 1999; 21: 379-384.
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.21 , pp. 379-384
    • Koob, M.D.1    Moseley, M.L.2    Schut, L.J.3
  • 38
    • 0028217057 scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar degenerations in Japan: A nationwide epidemiological and clinical study
    • Hirayama K, Takayanagi T, Nakamura R et al: Spinocerebellar degenerations in Japan: a nationwide epidemiological and clinical study. Acta Neurol Scand 1994; 153 (Suppl): 1-22.
    • (1994) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.153 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-22
    • Hirayama, K.1    Takayanagi, T.2    Nakamura, R.3
  • 39
    • 0024422743 scopus 로고
    • Dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy from eastern Cuba. Clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical findings
    • Orozco G, Estrada R, Perry TL et al: Dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy from eastern Cuba. Clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical findings. J Neurol Sci 1989; 93: 37-50.
    • (1989) J Neurol Sci , vol.93 , pp. 37-50
    • Orozco, G.1    Estrada, R.2    Perry, T.L.3
  • 40
    • 0027356605 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and clinical aspects of Machado-Joseph disease
    • Sequeiros J Coutinho P: Epidemiology and clinical aspects of Machado-Joseph disease. Adv Neurol 1993; 61: 139-153.
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 139-153
    • Sequeiros, J.1    Coutinho, P.2
  • 41
    • 9444268049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I in Morocco: Presence of the SCA1 and SCA3/MJD mutations
    • Benomar A, Meggouh F, Didierjean O et al: Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I in Morocco: presence of the SCA1 and SCA3/MJD mutations. Eur J Neurol 1996; 3: 369-372.
    • (1996) Eur J Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 369-372
    • Benomar, A.1    Meggouh, F.2    Didierjean, O.3
  • 42
    • 9344245162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, and Machado-Joseph disease mutations in a large group of spinocerebellar ataxia patients
    • Silveira I, Lopes-Cendes I, Kish S et al: Frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, and Machado-Joseph disease mutations in a large group of spinocerebellar ataxia patients. Neurology 1996; 46: 214-218.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 214-218
    • Silveira, I.1    Lopes-Cendes, I.2    Kish, S.3
  • 43
    • 0030810204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6, dentatorubral- pallidoluysian atrophy, and Friedreich's ataxia genes in spinocerebellar ataxia patients in the UK
    • Leggo J, Dalton A, Morrison PJ et al: Analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6, dentatorubral- pallidoluysian atrophy, and Friedreich's ataxia genes in spinocerebellar ataxia patients in the UK. J Med Genet 1997; 34: 982-985.
    • (1997) J Med Genet , vol.34 , pp. 982-985
    • Leggo, J.1    Dalton, A.2    Morrison, P.J.3
  • 45
    • 2642589007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia: Phenotypic differences in genetically defined subtypes?
    • Schols L, Amoiridis G, Buttner T, Przuntek H, Epplen JT, Riess O: Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia: phenotypic differences in genetically defined subtypes? Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 924-932.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 924-932
    • Schols, L.1    Amoiridis, G.2    Buttner, T.3    Przuntek, H.4    Epplen, J.T.5    Riess, O.6
  • 46
    • 0031128793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCA2 trinucleotide expansion in German SCA patients
    • Riess O, Laccone FA, Gispert S et al: SCA2 trinucleotide expansion in German SCA patients. Neurogenetics 1997; 1: 59-64
    • (1997) Neurogenetics , vol.1 , pp. 59-64
    • Riess, O.1    Laccone, F.A.2    Gispert, S.3
  • 47
    • 0032574472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of SCA1, DRPLA, MJD, SCA2, and SCA6 CAG repeats in 48 Portuguese ataxia families
    • Silveira I, Coutinho P, Maciel P et al: Analysis of SCA1, DRPLA, MJD, SCA2, and SCA6 CAG repeats in 48 Portuguese ataxia families. Am J Med Genet 1998; 81: 134-138.
    • (1998) Am J Med Genet , vol.81 , pp. 134-138
    • Silveira, I.1    Coutinho, P.2    Maciel, P.3
  • 48
    • 0031721957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in China: Molecular analysis and genotype- phenotype correlation in nine families
    • Zhou YX, Wang GX, Tang BS et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in China: molecular analysis and genotype- phenotype correlation in nine families. Neurology 1998; 51: 595-598.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 595-598
    • Zhou, Y.X.1    Wang, G.X.2    Tang, B.S.3
  • 49
    • 0032053896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in Gunma Prefecture in Japan: CAG trinucleotide expansion and clinical characteristics
    • Mizushima K, Watanabe M, Abe K et al: Analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in Gunma Prefecture in Japan: CAG trinucleotide expansion and clinical characteristics. J Neurol Sci 1998; 156: 180-185.
    • (1998) J Neurol Sci , vol.156 , pp. 180-185
    • Mizushima, K.1    Watanabe, M.2    Abe, K.3
  • 50
    • 0032231668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetics of dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias with CAG repeat expansions in Japanese and Caucasian: Tight association of the prevalence rates with the frequencies of intermediate alleles
    • Takano H, Cancel G, Ikeuchi T et al: Population genetics of dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias with CAG repeat expansions in Japanese and Caucasian: tight association of the prevalence rates with the frequencies of intermediate alleles. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63: 1060-1066.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 1060-1066
    • Takano, H.1    Cancel, G.2    Ikeuchi, T.3
  • 51
    • 0032493068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of cognitive disorders in Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia type 1
    • Trojano L, Chiacchio L, Grossi D et al: Determinants of cognitive disorders in Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia type 1. J Neural Sci 1998; 157: 162-167.
    • (1998) J Neural Sci , vol.157 , pp. 162-167
    • Trojano, L.1    Chiacchio, L.2    Grossi, D.3
  • 52
    • 9244225693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 and Machado-Joseph disease: Clinical, molecular and neuropathological features
    • Durr A, Stevanin G, Cancel G et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 and Machado-Joseph disease: clinical, molecular and neuropathological features. Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 490-499.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 490-499
    • Durr, A.1    Stevanin, G.2    Cancel, G.3
  • 53
    • 0343416801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
    • Stevanin G, Durr A, David G et al: Clinical and molecular features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Neurology 1997; 49: 1243-1246.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1243-1246
    • Stevanin, G.1    Durr, A.2    David, G.3
  • 54
    • 8544255538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular features of the CAG repeats of spinocerebellar ataxia 6 (SCA6)
    • Matsuyama Z, Kawakami H, Maruyama H et al: Molecular features of the CAG repeats of spinocerebellar ataxia 6 (SCA6). Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 1283-1287.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 1283-1287
    • Matsuyama, Z.1    Kawakami, H.2    Maruyama, H.3
  • 55
    • 0032977862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular studies of 73 Italian families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I: SCA1 and SCA2 are the most common genotypes
    • Pareyson D, Gellera C, Castellotti B et al: Clinical and molecular studies of 73 Italian families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I: SCA1 and SCA2 are the most common genotypes. J Neurol 1999; 246: 389-393.
    • (1999) J Neurol , vol.246 , pp. 389-393
    • Pareyson, D.1    Gellera, C.2    Castellotti, B.3
  • 56
    • 0032777834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxias in Spanish patients: Genetic analysis of familial and sporadic cases. The Ataxia Study Group
    • Pujana MA, Corral J, Gratacos M et al: Spinocerebellar ataxias in Spanish patients: genetic analysis of familial and sporadic cases. The Ataxia Study Group. Hum Genet 1999; 104: 516-522.
    • (1999) Hum Genet , vol.104 , pp. 516-522
    • Pujana, M.A.1    Corral, J.2    Gratacos, M.3
  • 57
    • 0029121944 scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) in the Japanese in Hokkaido may derive from a single common ancestry
    • Wakisaka A, Sasaki H, Takada A et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) in the Japanese in Hokkaido may derive from a single common ancestry. J Med Genet 1995; 32: 590-592.
    • (1995) J Med Genet , vol.32 , pp. 590-592
    • Wakisaka, A.1    Sasaki, H.2    Takada, A.3
  • 58
    • 0032943086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium at the SCA2 locus
    • Didierjean O, Cancel G, Stevanin G et al: Linkage disequilibrium at the SCA2 locus. J Med Genet 1999; 36: 415-417.
    • (1999) J Med Genet , vol.36 , pp. 415-417
    • Didierjean, O.1    Cancel, G.2    Stevanin, G.3
  • 59
    • 0028787581 scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium at the Machado-Joseph disease/Spinal cerebellar ataxia 3 locus: Evidence for a common founder effect in French and Portuguese-Brazilian families as well as a second ancestral Portuguese-Azorean mutation
    • Stevanin G, Cancel G, Didierjean O et al: Linkage disequilibrium at the Machado-Joseph disease/Spinal cerebellar ataxia 3 locus: evidence for a common founder effect in French and Portuguese-Brazilian families as well as a second ancestral Portuguese-Azorean mutation. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57: 1247-1250.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.57 , pp. 1247-1250
    • Stevanin, G.1    Cancel, G.2    Didierjean, O.3
  • 60
    • 0029009456 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for intergenerational instability in the CAG repeat in the MJD1 gene and for conserved haplotypes at flanking markers amongst Japanese and Caucasian subjects with Machado-Joseph disease
    • Takiyama Y, Igarashi S, Rogaeva EA et al: Evidence for intergenerational instability in the CAG repeat in the MJD1 gene and for conserved haplotypes at flanking markers amongst Japanese and Caucasian subjects with Machado-Joseph disease. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 1137-1146.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 1137-1146
    • Takiyama, Y.1    Igarashi, S.2    Rogaeva, E.A.3
  • 61
    • 10544251065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium analysis in Machado-Joseph disease patients of different ethnic origins
    • Gaspar C, Lopes-Cendes I, DeStefano AE et al: Linkage disequilibrium analysis in Machado-Joseph disease patients of different ethnic origins. Hum Genet 1996; 98: 620-624.
    • (1996) Hum Genet , vol.98 , pp. 620-624
    • Gaspar, C.1    Lopes-Cendes, I.2    Destefano, A.E.3
  • 62
    • 0029745014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis in Japanese pedigrees with Machado-Joseph disease
    • Endo K, Sasaki H, Wakisaka A et al: Strong linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis in Japanese pedigrees with Machado-Joseph disease. Am J Med Genet 1996; 67: 437-444.
    • (1996) Am J Med Genet , vol.67 , pp. 437-444
    • Endo, K.1    Sasaki, H.2    Wakisaka, A.3
  • 63
    • 0031007352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium between the spinocerebellar ataxia 3/Machado-Joseph disease mutation and two intragenic polymorphisms, one of which, X359Y, affects the stop codon
    • Stevanin G, Lebre AS, Mathieux C et al: Linkage disequilibrium between the spinocerebellar ataxia 3/Machado-Joseph disease mutation and two intragenic polymorphisms, one of which, X359Y, affects the stop codon. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 60: 1548-1552.
    • (1997) Am J Hum Genet , vol.60 , pp. 1548-1552
    • Stevanin, G.1    Lebre, A.S.2    Mathieux, C.3
  • 65
    • 0344699331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: Evidence for a strong founder effect among German families
    • Dichgans M, Schols L, Herzog J et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: evidence for a strong founder effect among German families. Neurology 1999; 52: 849-851.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 849-851
    • Dichgans, M.1    Schols, L.2    Herzog, J.3
  • 66
    • 0021118099 scopus 로고
    • Joseph disease: An autosomal dominant motor system degeneration
    • Rosenberg RN: Joseph disease: an autosomal dominant motor system degeneration. Adv Neurol 1984; 41: 179-193.
    • (1984) Adv Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 179-193
    • Rosenberg, R.N.1
  • 67
    • 0026708036 scopus 로고
    • Machado-Joseph disease: An autosomal dominant motor system degeneration
    • Rosenberg RN: Machado-Joseph disease: an autosomal dominant motor system degeneration. Mov Disord 1992; 7: 193-203.
    • (1992) Mov Disord , vol.7 , pp. 193-203
    • Rosenberg, R.N.1
  • 68
    • 0031712507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De novo expansion of intermediate alleles in spinocerebellar ataxia 7
    • Stevanin G, Giunti P, Belal S et al: De novo expansion of intermediate alleles in spinocerebellar ataxia 7. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 1809-1813.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 1809-1813
    • Stevanin, G.1    Giunti, P.2    Belal, S.3
  • 69
    • 0028882509 scopus 로고
    • Increased instability of intermediate alleles in families with sporadic Huntington disease compared to similar sized intermediate alleles in the general population
    • Goldberg YP, McMurray CT, Zeisler J et al: Increased instability of intermediate alleles in families with sporadic Huntington disease compared to similar sized intermediate alleles in the general population. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 1911-1918.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 1911-1918
    • Goldberg, Y.P.1    McMurray, C.T.2    Zeisler, J.3
  • 70
    • 8544224974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single sperm analysis of the CAG repeats in the gene for Machado-Joseph disease (MJD1): Evidence for non-Mendelian transmission of the MJD1 gene and for the effect of the intragenic CGG/GGG polymorphism on the intergenerational instability
    • Takiyama Y, Sakoe K, Soutome M et al: Single sperm analysis of the CAG repeats in the gene for Machado-Joseph disease (MJD1): evidence for non-Mendelian transmission of the MJD1 gene and for the effect of the intragenic CGG/GGG polymorphism on the intergenerational instability. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 1063-1068.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 1063-1068
    • Takiyama, Y.1    Sakoe, K.2    Soutome, M.3
  • 71
    • 8244220324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and clinical correlations in spinocerebellar ataxia 2: A study of 32 families
    • Cancel G, Dürr A, Didierjean O et al: Molecular and clinical correlations in spinocerebellar ataxia 2: a study of 32 families. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 709-715.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 709-715
    • Cancel, G.1    Dürr, A.2    Didierjean, O.3
  • 72
    • 9844263366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) due to CAG repeat expansion in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p
    • Jodice C, Mantuano E, Veneziano L et al: Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) due to CAG repeat expansion in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 1973-1978.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 1973-1978
    • Jodice, C.1    Mantuano, E.2    Veneziano, L.3
  • 74
    • 0032511743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA 2) in an infant with extreme CAG repeat expansion
    • Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Snow K, Patterson MC, Michels VV: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA 2) in an infant with extreme CAG repeat expansion. Am J Med Genet 1998; 79: 383-387.
    • (1998) Am J Med Genet , vol.79 , pp. 383-387
    • Babovic-Vuksanovic, D.1    Snow, K.2    Patterson, M.C.3    Michels, V.V.4
  • 75
    • 6844254538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and clinical correlations in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with progressive macular dystrophy (SCA7)
    • David G, Dürr A, Stevanin G et al: Molecular and clinical correlations in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with progressive macular dystrophy (SCA7). Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 165-170.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 165-170
    • David, G.1    Dürr, A.2    Stevanin, G.3
  • 76
    • 0031963416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded CAG repeat in Swedish Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) patients: Effect of CAG repeat length on the clinical manifestation
    • Johansson J, Forsgren L, Sandgren O, Brice A, Holmgren G, Holmberg M: Expanded CAG repeat in Swedish Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) patients: effect of CAG repeat length on the clinical manifestation. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 171-176.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 171-176
    • Johansson, J.1    Forsgren, L.2    Sandgren, O.3    Brice, A.4    Holmgren, G.5    Holmberg, M.6
  • 77
    • 6844252925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the dynamic mutation in the SCA7 gene shows marked parental effects on CAG repeat transmission
    • Gouw LG, Castaneda MA, McKenna CK et al: Analysis of the dynamic mutation in the SCA7 gene shows marked parental effects on CAG repeat transmission. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 525-532.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 525-532
    • Gouw, L.G.1    Castaneda, M.A.2    McKenna, C.K.3
  • 78
    • 0031714729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and clinical studies in SCA-7 define a broad clinical spectrum and the infantile phenotype
    • Benton CS, de Silva R, Rutledge SL, Bohlega S, Ashizawa T, Zoghbi HY: Molecular and clinical studies in SCA-7 define a broad clinical spectrum and the infantile phenotype. Neurology 1998; 51: 1081-1086.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 1081-1086
    • Benton, C.S.1    De Silva, R.2    Rutledge, S.L.3    Bohlega, S.4    Ashizawa, T.5    Zoghbi, H.Y.6
  • 79
    • 0027495515 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a mechanism predisposing to intergenerational CAG repeat instability in spinocerebellar ataxia type I
    • Chung MY, Ranum LP, Duvick LA, Servadio A, Zoghbi HY, Orr HT: Evidence for a mechanism predisposing to intergenerational CAG repeat instability in spinocerebellar ataxia type I. Nat Genet 1993; 5: 254-258.
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.5 , pp. 254-258
    • Chung, M.Y.1    Ranum, L.P.2    Duvick, L.A.3    Servadio, A.4    Zoghbi, H.Y.5    Orr, H.T.6
  • 80
    • 0028828776 scopus 로고
    • A novel CAG repeat configuration in the SCA 1 gene: Implications for the molecular diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
    • Quan F, Janas J, Popovich BW: A novel CAG repeat configuration in the SCA 1 gene: implications for the molecular diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 2411-2413.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 2411-2413
    • Quan, F.1    Janas, J.2    Popovich, B.W.3
  • 81
    • 0005993361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia 7
    • Rubinsztein DC, Hayden M (eds). Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd: Oxford
    • Stevanin G, David G, Abbas N et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia 7. In: Rubinsztein DC, Hayden M (eds). Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases. Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd: Oxford, 1998, pp 155-168.
    • (1998) Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases , pp. 155-168
    • Stevanin, G.1    David, G.2    Abbas, N.3
  • 82
    • 0029035710 scopus 로고
    • Gametic and somatic tissue-specific heterogeneity of the expanded SCA1 CAG repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
    • Chong SS, McCall AE, Cota J et al: Gametic and somatic tissue-specific heterogeneity of the expanded SCA1 CAG repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Nat Genet 1995; 10: 344-350.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.10 , pp. 344-350
    • Chong, S.S.1    McCall, A.E.2    Cota, J.3
  • 83
    • 0028916306 scopus 로고
    • Somatic mosaicism of CAG repeat in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)
    • Ueno S, Kondoh K, Kotani Y et al: Somatic mosaicism of CAG repeat in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 663-666.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 663-666
    • Ueno, S.1    Kondoh, K.2    Kotani, Y.3
  • 84
    • 9444262436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mosaicism in the central nervous system in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and Machado-Joseph disease
    • Lopes-Cendes I, Maciel P, Kish S et al: Somatic mosaicism in the central nervous system in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and Machado-Joseph disease. Ann Neurol 1996; 40: 199-206.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 199-206
    • Lopes-Cendes, I.1    Maciel, P.2    Kish, S.3
  • 85
    • 0029988921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mosaicism of expanded CAG repeats in brains of patients with dentatorubralpallidoluysian atrophy: Cellular population-dependent dynamics of mitotic instability
    • Takano H, Onodera O, Takahashi H et al: Somatic mosaicism of expanded CAG repeats in brains of patients with dentatorubralpallidoluysian atrophy: cellular population-dependent dynamics of mitotic instability. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 58: 1212-1222.
    • (1996) Am J Hum Genet , vol.58 , pp. 1212-1222
    • Takano, H.1    Onodera, O.2    Takahashi, H.3
  • 86
    • 0031606735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mosaicism of the CAG repeat expansion in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/ Machado-Joseph disease
    • Cancel G, Gourfinkel-An I, Stevanin G et al: Somatic mosaicism of the CAG repeat expansion in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/ Machado-Joseph disease. Hum Mutat 1998; 11: 23-27.
    • (1998) Hum Mutat , vol.11 , pp. 23-27
    • Cancel, G.1    Gourfinkel-An, I.2    Stevanin, G.3
  • 87
    • 0028168645 scopus 로고
    • Length of uninterrupted CGG repeats determines instability in the FMR1 gene
    • Eichler EE, Holden JJ, Popovich BW et al: Length of uninterrupted CGG repeats determines instability in the FMR1 gene. Nat Genet 1994; 8: 88-94.
    • (1994) Nat Genet , vol.8 , pp. 88-94
    • Eichler, E.E.1    Holden, J.J.2    Popovich, B.W.3
  • 88
    • 0029035379 scopus 로고
    • Expansion and deletion of CTG repeats from human disease genes are determined by the direction of replication in E. coli
    • Kang S, Jaworski A, Ohshima K, Wells RD: Expansion and deletion of CTG repeats from human disease genes are determined by the direction of replication in E. coli. Nat Genet 1995; 10: 213-218.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.10 , pp. 213-218
    • Kang, S.1    Jaworski, A.2    Ohshima, K.3    Wells, R.D.4
  • 89
    • 0032584591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small slipped register genetic instabilities in Escherichia coli in triplet repeat sequences associated with hereditary neurological diseases
    • Wells RD, Parniewski P, Pluciennik A, Bacolla A, Gellibolian R, Jaworski A: Small slipped register genetic instabilities in Escherichia coli in triplet repeat sequences associated with hereditary neurological diseases. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 19532-19541.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 19532-19541
    • Wells, R.D.1    Parniewski, P.2    Pluciennik, A.3    Bacolla, A.4    Gellibolian, R.5    Jaworski, A.6
  • 90
    • 0029958255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orientation dependence of trinucleotide CAG repeat instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Maurer DJ, O'Callaghan BL, Livingston DM: Orientation dependence of trinucleotide CAG repeat instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16: 6617-6622.
    • (1996) Mol Cell Biol , vol.16 , pp. 6617-6622
    • Maurer, D.J.1    O'Callaghan, B.L.2    Livingston, D.M.3
  • 91
    • 0031965224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansions of CAG repeat tracts are frequent in a yeast mutant defective in Okazaki fragment maturation
    • Schweitzer JK, Livingston DM: Expansions of CAG repeat tracts are frequent in a yeast mutant defective in Okazaki fragment maturation. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 69-74.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 69-74
    • Schweitzer, J.K.1    Livingston, D.M.2
  • 92
    • 0030895078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of a CTG/ CAG trinucleotide repeat in yeast is dependent on its orientation in the genome
    • Freudenreich CH, Stavenhagen JB, Zakian VA: Stability of a CTG/ CAG trinucleotide repeat in yeast is dependent on its orientation in the genome. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17: 2090-2098.
    • (1997) Mol Cell Biol , vol.17 , pp. 2090-2098
    • Freudenreich, C.H.1    Stavenhagen, J.B.2    Zakian, V.A.3
  • 93
    • 0029130324 scopus 로고
    • Anticipation and instability of IT-15 (CAG)n repeats in parent- offspring pairs with Huntington disease
    • Ranen NG, Stine OC, Abbott MH et al: Anticipation and instability of IT-15 (CAG)n repeats in parent- offspring pairs with Huntington disease. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57: 593-602.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.57 , pp. 593-602
    • Ranen, N.G.1    Stine, O.C.2    Abbott, M.H.3
  • 94
    • 2442761245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergenerational instability of the CAG repeat of the Machado-Joseph disease (MJD1) is affected by the genotype of the normal chromosome: Implications for the molecular mechanisms of the instability of the CAG repeat
    • Igarashi S, Takiyama Y, Cancel G et al: Intergenerational instability of the CAG repeat of the Machado-Joseph disease (MJD1) is affected by the genotype of the normal chromosome: implications for the molecular mechanisms of the instability of the CAG repeat. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5: 923-932.
    • (1996) Hum Mol Genet , vol.5 , pp. 923-932
    • Igarashi, S.1    Takiyama, Y.2    Cancel, G.3
  • 95
    • 0027482789 scopus 로고
    • Familial predisposition to recurrent mutations causing Huntington's disease: Genetic risk to sibs of sporadic cases
    • Goldberg YP, Andrew SE, Theilmann J et al: Familial predisposition to recurrent mutations causing Huntington's disease: genetic risk to sibs of sporadic cases. J Med Genet 1993; 30: 987-990.
    • (1993) J Med Genet , vol.30 , pp. 987-990
    • Goldberg, Y.P.1    Andrew, S.E.2    Theilmann, J.3
  • 96
    • 0030752987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human MSH2 binds to trinucleotide repeat DNA structures associated with neurodegenerative diseases
    • Pearson CE, Ewel A, Acharya S, Fishel RA, Sinden RR: Human MSH2 binds to trinucleotide repeat DNA structures associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 1117-1123.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 1117-1123
    • Pearson, C.E.1    Ewel, A.2    Acharya, S.3    Fishel, R.A.4    Sinden, R.R.5
  • 97
    • 0030763670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intriguing association between disease associated unstable trinucleotide repeat and CpG island
    • Gourdon G, Dessen P, Lia AS, Junien C, Hofmann-Radvanyi H: Intriguing association between disease associated unstable trinucleotide repeat and CpG island. Ann Genet 1997; 40: 73-77.
    • (1997) Ann Genet , vol.40 , pp. 73-77
    • Gourdon, G.1    Dessen, P.2    Lia, A.S.3    Junien, C.4    Hofmann-Radvanyi, H.5
  • 98
    • 0032928358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation on a trinucleotide theme
    • Yvert G, Mandel J-L: Variation on a trinucleotide theme. Nat Med 1999; 5: 383-384.
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , pp. 383-384
    • Yvert, G.1    Mandel, J.-L.2
  • 99
    • 0028353818 scopus 로고
    • Autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia with retinal degeneration (ADCA type II) is genetically different from ADCA type I
    • Benomar A, Le Guern E, Dürr A et al: Autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia with retinal degeneration (ADCA type II) is genetically different from ADCA type I. Ann Neurol 1994; 35: 439-444.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 439-444
    • Benomar, A.1    Le Guern, E.2    Dürr, A.3
  • 100
    • 19244364538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gene for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type II is located in a 5-cM region in 3p12-p13: Genetic and physical mapping of the SCA7 locus
    • David G, Giunti P, Abbas N et al: The gene for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type II is located in a 5-cM region in 3p12-p13: genetic and physical mapping of the SCA7 locus. Aur J Hum Genet 1996; 59: 1328-1336.
    • (1996) Aur J Hum Genet , vol.59 , pp. 1328-1336
    • David, G.1    Giunti, P.2    Abbas, N.3
  • 101
    • 0031442152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: CAG repeat expansion in alpha IA voltage-dependent calcium channel gene and clinical variations in Japanese population
    • Ikeuchi T, Takano H, Koide R et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: CAG repeat expansion in alpha IA voltage-dependent calcium channel gene and clinical variations in Japanese population. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 879-884.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 879-884
    • Ikeuchi, T.1    Takano, H.2    Koide, R.3
  • 102
    • 0030989388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccade velocity in idiopathic and autosomal dominant cerebral ataxia
    • Bürk K, Fetter M, Skalej M et al: Saccade velocity in idiopathic and autosomal dominant cerebral ataxia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1997; 62: 662-664.
    • (1997) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.62 , pp. 662-664
    • Bürk, K.1    Fetter, M.2    Skalej, M.3
  • 103
    • 0031797677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinicogenetic analysis of six Indian spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA2) pedigrees; the significance of slow saccades in diagnosis
    • Wadia N, Pang J, Desai J, Mankodi A, Desai M, Chamberlain S: A clinicogenetic analysis of six Indian spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA2) pedigrees; the significance of slow saccades in diagnosis. Brain 1998; 121: 2341-2355.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 2341-2355
    • Wadia, N.1    Pang, J.2    Desai, J.3    Mankodi, A.4    Desai, M.5    Chamberlain, S.6
  • 104
    • 0018872672 scopus 로고
    • Clinical criteria for diagnosis of Machado-Joseph disease: Report of a non-Azorena Portuguese family
    • Lima L, Coutinho P: Clinical criteria for diagnosis of Machado-Joseph disease: report of a non-Azorena Portuguese family. Neurology 1980; 30: 319-322.
    • (1980) Neurology , vol.30 , pp. 319-322
    • Lima, L.1    Coutinho, P.2
  • 106
    • 0029006340 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and clinical correlations in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and Machado-Joseph disease
    • Matilla T, McCall A, Subramony SH, Zoghbi HY: Molecular and clinical correlations in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and Machado-Joseph disease. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 68-72.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 68-72
    • Matilla, T.1    McCall, A.2    Subramony, S.H.3    Zoghbi, H.Y.4
  • 107
    • 0028882406 scopus 로고
    • Detection of the Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia three trinucleotide repeat expansion in families with autosomal dominant motor disorders, including the Drew family of Walworth
    • Giunti P, Sweeney MG, Harding AE: Detection of the Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia three trinucleotide repeat expansion in families with autosomal dominant motor disorders, including the Drew family of Walworth. Brain 1995; 118: 1077-1085.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1077-1085
    • Giunti, P.1    Sweeney, M.G.2    Harding, A.E.3
  • 108
    • 0029047109 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between CAG repeat length and clinical features in Machado-Joseph disease
    • Maciel P, Gaspar C, DeStefano AL et al: Correlation between CAG repeat length and clinical features in Machado-Joseph disease. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57: 54-61.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.57 , pp. 54-61
    • Maciel, P.1    Gaspar, C.2    DeStefano, A.L.3
  • 109
    • 0029042742 scopus 로고
    • Molecular features of the CAG repeats and clinical manifestation of Machado-Joseph disease
    • Maruyama H, Nakamura S, Matsuyama Z et al: Molecular features of the CAG repeats and clinical manifestation of Machado-Joseph disease. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 807-812.
    • (1995) Hum Mol Genet , vol.4 , pp. 807-812
    • Maruyama, H.1    Nakamura, S.2    Matsuyama, Z.3
  • 110
    • 85088085750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and MRI findings in spinocerebellar ataxia 5
    • in press
    • Stevanin G, Herman A, Brice A, Durr A: Clinical and MRI findings in spinocerebellar ataxia 5. Neurology (in press).
    • Neurology
    • Stevanin, G.1    Herman, A.2    Brice, A.3    Durr, A.4
  • 111
    • 0029959667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I: Clinical features and MRI in families with SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3
    • Bürk K, Abele M, Fetter M et al: Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I: clinical features and MRI in families with SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3. Brain 1996; 119: 1497-1505.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 1497-1505
    • Bürk, K.1    Abele, M.2    Fetter, M.3
  • 112
    • 2642708379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movement abnormalities correlate with genotype in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I
    • Rivaud-Pechoux S, Dürr A, Gaymard B et al: Eye movement abnormalities correlate with genotype in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I. Ann Neurol 1998; 43: 297-302.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 297-302
    • Rivaud-Pechoux, S.1    Dürr, A.2    Gaymard, B.3
  • 113
    • 0031454530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: Gaze-evoked and vertical nystagmus, Purkinje cell degeneration, and variable age of onset
    • Gomez CM, Thompson RM, Gammack JT et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: gaze-evoked and vertical nystagmus, Purkinje cell degeneration, and variable age of onset. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 933-950.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 933-950
    • Gomez, C.M.1    Thompson, R.M.2    Gammack, J.T.3
  • 114
    • 0031929063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency analysis of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxis in Japanese patients and clinical characterization of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
    • Watanabe H, Tanaka F, Matsumoto M et al: Frequency analysis of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxis in Japanese patients and clinical characterization of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Clin Genet 1998; 53: 13-19.
    • (1998) Clin Genet , vol.53 , pp. 13-19
    • Watanabe, H.1    Tanaka, F.2    Matsumoto, M.3
  • 115
    • 0030847065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropathology of CAG repeat diseases: Review and update of genetic and molecular features
    • Robitaille Y, Lopes-Cendes I, Becher M, Rouleau G, Clark AW: The neuropathology of CAG repeat diseases: review and update of genetic and molecular features. Brain Pathol 1997; 7: 901-926.
    • (1997) Brain Pathol , vol.7 , pp. 901-926
    • Robitaille, Y.1    Lopes-Cendes, I.2    Becher, M.3    Rouleau, G.4    Clark, A.W.5
  • 116
    • 0030040304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 with multiple system degeneration and glial cytoplasmic inclusions
    • Gilman S, Sima AA, Junck L et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 with multiple system degeneration and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 241-255.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 241-255
    • Gilman, S.1    Sima, A.A.2    Junck, L.3
  • 117
    • 0029611008 scopus 로고
    • Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I in Martinique (French West Indies): Clinical and neuropathological analysis of 53 patients from three unrelated SCA2 families
    • Dürr A, Smadja D, Cancel G et al: Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I in Martinique (French West Indies): clinical and neuropathological analysis of 53 patients from three unrelated SCA2 families. Brain 1995; 118: 1573-1581.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1573-1581
    • Dürr, A.1    Smadja, D.2    Cancel, G.3
  • 118
    • 0028067442 scopus 로고
    • On an autosomal dominant form of retinal-cerebellar degeneration: An autopsy study of five patients in one family
    • Martin JJ, Van Regemorter N, Krols L et al: On an autosomal dominant form of retinal-cerebellar degeneration: an autopsy study of five patients in one family. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1994; 88: 277-286.
    • (1994) Acta Neuropathol (Berl) , vol.88 , pp. 277-286
    • Martin, J.J.1    Van Regemorter, N.2    Krols, L.3
  • 119
    • 0029286517 scopus 로고
    • Unique features of the CAG repeats in Machado-Joseph disease
    • Kawakami H, Maruyama H, Nakamura S et al: Unique features of the CAG repeats in Machado-Joseph disease. Nat Genet 1995; 9: 344-345.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.9 , pp. 344-345
    • Kawakami, H.1    Maruyama, H.2    Nakamura, S.3
  • 120
    • 0029391198 scopus 로고
    • Gender equality in Machado-Joseph disease
    • Dürr A, Stevanin G, Cancel G et al: Gender equality in Machado-Joseph disease. Nat Genet 1995; 11: 118-118.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.11 , pp. 118-118
    • Dürr, A.1    Stevanin, G.2    Cancel, G.3
  • 121
    • 0029391198 scopus 로고
    • Gender equality in Machado-Joseph disease
    • DeStefano AL, Farrer LA, Maciel P et al: Gender equality in Machado-Joseph disease. Nat Genet 1995; 11: 118-119.
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.11 , pp. 118-119
    • DeStefano, A.L.1    Farrer, L.A.2    Maciel, P.3
  • 122
    • 0029890963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A familial factor independent of CAG repeat length influences age at onset of Machado-Joseph disease
    • DeStefano AL, Cupples LA, Maciel P et al: A familial factor independent of CAG repeat length influences age at onset of Machado-Joseph disease. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59: 119-127.
    • (1996) Am J Hum Genet , vol.59 , pp. 119-127
    • DeStefano, A.L.1    Cupples, L.A.2    Maciel, P.3
  • 123
    • 0029864225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Machado-Joseph disease: Correlation between the clinical features, the CAG repeat length and homozygosity for the mutation
    • Lerer I, Merims D, Abeliovich D, Zlotogora J, Gadoth N: Machado-Joseph disease: correlation between the clinical features, the CAG repeat length and homozygosity for the mutation. Eur J Hum Genet 1996; 4: 3-7.
    • (1996) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.4 , pp. 3-7
    • Lerer, I.1    Merims, D.2    Abeliovich, D.3    Zlotogora, J.4    Gadoth, N.5
  • 124
    • 0029878024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homozygosity for Machado-Joseph disease gene enhances phenotypic severity
    • Sobue G, Doyu M, Nakao N et al: Homozygosity for Machado-Joseph disease gene enhances phenotypic severity [letter]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1996; 60: 354-356.
    • (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.60 , pp. 354-356
    • Sobue, G.1    Doyu, M.2    Nakao, N.3
  • 125
    • 0030699138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Frequency of the mutation and genotype-phenotype correlations
    • Geschwind DH, Perlman S, Figueroa KP, Karrim J, Baloh RW, Pulst SM: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Frequency of the mutation and genotype-phenotype correlations. Neurology 1997; 49: 1247-1251.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1247-1251
    • Geschwind, D.H.1    Perlman, S.2    Figueroa, K.P.3    Karrim, J.4    Baloh, R.W.5    Pulst, S.M.6
  • 126
    • 0030679611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Molecular and clinical features of 35 Japanese patients including one homozygous for the CAG repeat expansion
    • Matsumura R, Futamura N, Fujimoto Y et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Molecular and clinical features of 35 Japanese patients including one homozygous for the CAG repeat expansion. Neurology 1997; 49: 1238-1243.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1238-1243
    • Matsumura, R.1    Futamura, N.2    Fujimoto, Y.3
  • 129
    • 0027742974 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic variability in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I is unrelated to genetic heterogeneity
    • Dürr A, Chneiweiss H, Khati C et al: Phenotypic variability in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I is unrelated to genetic heterogeneity. Brain 1993; 116: 1497-1508.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 1497-1508
    • Dürr, A.1    Chneiweiss, H.2    Khati, C.3
  • 130
    • 0028229119 scopus 로고
    • Effect of trinucleotide repeat length and parental sex on phenotypic variation in spinocerebellar ataxia I
    • Jodice C, Malaspina P, Persichetti F et al: Effect of trinucleotide repeat length and parental sex on phenotypic variation in spinocerebellar ataxia I. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 54: 959-965.
    • (1994) Am J Hum Genet , vol.54 , pp. 959-965
    • Jodice, C.1    Malaspina, P.2    Persichetti, F.3
  • 131
    • 0029822163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeat length and disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
    • Klockgether T, Kramer B, Ludtke R, Schols L, Laccone F: Repeat length and disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Lancet 1996; 348: 830-830.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 830-830
    • Klockgether, T.1    Kramer, B.2    Ludtke, R.3    Schols, L.4    Laccone, F.5
  • 132
    • 0029090063 scopus 로고
    • Doparesponsive parkinsonism phenotype of Machado-Joseph disease: Confirmation of 14q CAG expansion
    • Tuite PJ, Rogaeva EA, St George-Hyslop PH, Lang AE: Doparesponsive parkinsonism phenotype of Machado-Joseph disease: confirmation of 14q CAG expansion. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 684-687.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 684-687
    • Tuite, P.J.1    Rogaeva, E.A.2    St George-Hyslop, P.H.3    Lang, A.E.4
  • 133
    • 0029163222 scopus 로고
    • SCA1 transgenic mice: A model for neurodegeneration caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat
    • Burright EN, Clark HB, Servadio A et al: SCA1 transgenic mice: a model for neurodegeneration caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat. Cell 1995; 82: 937-948.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.82 , pp. 937-948
    • Burright, E.N.1    Clark, H.B.2    Servadio, A.3
  • 134
    • 0030058208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded polyglutamine in the Machado-Joseph disease protein induces cell death in vitro and in vivo
    • Ikeda H, Yamaguchi M, Sugai S, Aze Y, Narumiya S, Kakizuka A: Expanded polyglutamine in the Machado-Joseph disease protein induces cell death in vitro and in vivo. Nat Genet 1996; 13: 196-202.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.13 , pp. 196-202
    • Ikeda, H.1    Yamaguchi, M.2    Sugai, S.3    Aze, Y.4    Narumiya, S.5    Kakizuka, A.6
  • 135
    • 0028972448 scopus 로고
    • Polyglutamine expansion as a pathological epitope in Huntington's disease and four dominant cerebellar ataxias
    • Trottier Y, Lutz Y, Stevanin G et al: Polyglutamine expansion as a pathological epitope in Huntington's disease and four dominant cerebellar ataxias. Nature 1995; 378: 403-406.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 403-406
    • Trottier, Y.1    Lutz, Y.2    Stevanin, G.3
  • 136
    • 18544410106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII) underlies the neurological dysfunction in mice transgenic for the HD mutation
    • Davies SW, Turmaine M, Cozens BA et al: Formation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII) underlies the neurological dysfunction in mice transgenic for the HD mutation. Cell 1997; 90: 537-548
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 537-548
    • Davies, S.W.1    Turmaine, M.2    Cozens, B.A.3
  • 137
    • 0030669689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyglutamines, nuclear inclusions and neurodegeneration
    • Lunkes A, Mandel J-L: Polyglutamines, nuclear inclusions and neurodegeneration. Nat Med 1997; 3: 1201-1202.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 1201-1202
    • Lunkes, A.1    Mandel, J.-L.2
  • 138
    • 0032769095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundant expression and cytoplasmic aggregations of [alpha] 1A voltage-dependent calcium channel protein associated with neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
    • Ishikawa K, Fujigasaki H, Saegusa H et al: Abundant expression and cytoplasmic aggregations of [alpha] 1A voltage-dependent calcium channel protein associated with neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8: 1185-1193.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 1185-1193
    • Ishikawa, K.1    Fujigasaki, H.2    Saegusa, H.3
  • 139
    • 0027507667 scopus 로고
    • Human genetic diseases due to codon reiteration: Relationship to an evolutionary mechanism
    • Green H: Human genetic diseases due to codon reiteration: relationship to an evolutionary mechanism. Cell 1993; 74: 955-956.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 955-956
    • Green, H.1
  • 140
    • 0029856046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptides containing glutamine repeats as substrates for transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking: Relevance to diseases of the nervous system
    • Kahlem P, Terre C, Green H, Djian P: Peptides containing glutamine repeats as substrates for transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking: relevance to diseases of the nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 14580-14585.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 14580-14585
    • Kahlem, P.1    Terre, C.2    Green, H.3    Djian, P.4
  • 141
    • 0028283985 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine repeats as polar zippers: Their possible role in inherited neurodegenerative diseases
    • Perutz MF, Johnson T, Suzuki M, Finch JT: Glutamine repeats as polar zippers: their possible role in inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 5355-5358.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 5355-5358
    • Perutz, M.F.1    Johnson, T.2    Suzuki, M.3    Finch, J.T.4
  • 142
    • 0032014092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transglutaminase action imitates Huntington's disease: Selective polymerization of huntingtin containing expanded polyglutamine
    • Kahlem P, Green H, Djian P: Transglutaminase action imitates Huntington's disease: selective polymerization of huntingtin containing expanded polyglutamine. Mol Cell 1998; 1: 595-601.
    • (1998) Mol Cell , vol.1 , pp. 595-601
    • Kahlem, P.1    Green, H.2    Djian, P.3
  • 143
    • 17344362229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of aggregate formation and apoptosis by transglutaminase inhibitors in cells expressing truncated DRPLA protein with an expanded polyglutamine stretch
    • Igarashi S, Koide R, Shimohata T et al: Suppression of aggregate formation and apoptosis by transglutaminase inhibitors in cells expressing truncated DRPLA protein with an expanded polyglutamine stretch. Nat Genet 1998; 18: 111-117.
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.18 , pp. 111-117
    • Igarashi, S.1    Koide, R.2    Shimohata, T.3
  • 144
    • 0032475931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huntingtin acts in the nucleus to induce apoptosis but death does not correlate with the formation of intranuclear inclusions
    • Saudou F, Finkbeiner S, Devys D, Greenberg ME: Huntingtin acts in the nucleus to induce apoptosis but death does not correlate with the formation of intranuclear inclusions. Cell 1998; 95: 55-66.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , pp. 55-66
    • Saudou, F.1    Finkbeiner, S.2    Devys, D.3    Greenberg, M.E.4
  • 145
    • 0031918640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranuclear neuronal inclusions in Huntington's disease and dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy: Correlation between the density of inclusions and IT15 GAG triplet repeat length
    • Becher MW, Kotzuk JA, Sharp AH et al: Intranuclear neuronal inclusions in Huntington's disease and dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy: correlation between the density of inclusions and IT15 GAG triplet repeat length. Neurobiol Dis 1998; 4: 387-397.
    • (1998) Neurobiol Dis , vol.4 , pp. 387-397
    • Becher, M.W.1    Kotzuk, J.A.2    Sharp, A.H.3
  • 146
    • 18544392423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded polyglutamine protein forms nuclear inclusions and causes neural degeneration in Drosophila
    • Warrick JM, Paulson HL, Gray-Board GL et al: Expanded polyglutamine protein forms nuclear inclusions and causes neural degeneration in Drosophila. Cell 1998; 93: 939-949.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.93 , pp. 939-949
    • Warrick, J.M.1    Paulson, H.L.2    Gray-Board, G.L.3
  • 147
    • 7144229376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7): A neurodegenerative disorder with neuronal intranuclear inclusions
    • Holmberg M, Duyckaerts C, Dürr A et al: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7): a neurodegenerative disorder with neuronal intranuclear inclusions. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 913-918.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 913-918
    • Holmberg, M.1    Duyckaerts, C.2    Dürr, A.3
  • 148
    • 0032919205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of polyglutamine inclusions in non-CNS tissue
    • Sathasivam K, Hobbs G, Turmaine M et al: Formation of polyglutamine inclusions in non-CNS tissue. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8: 813-822.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 813-822
    • Sathasivam, K.1    Hobbs, G.2    Turmaine, M.3
  • 149
    • 0033080367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine repeats and neurodegenerative diseases: Molecular aspects
    • Perutz MF: Glutamine repeats and neurodegenerative diseases: molecular aspects. Trends Biochem Sci 1999; 24: 58-63.
    • (1999) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.24 , pp. 58-63
    • Perutz, M.F.1
  • 150
    • 0032475941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ataxin-1 nuclear localization and aggregation: Role in polyglutamine-induced disease in SCA1 transgenic mice
    • Klernent IA, Skinner PJ, Kaytor MD et al: Ataxin-1 nuclear localization and aggregation: role in polyglutamine-induced disease in SCA1 transgenic mice. Cell 1998; 95: 41-53.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , pp. 41-53
    • Klernent, I.A.1    Skinner, P.J.2    Kaytor, M.D.3
  • 151
    • 0033136692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A YAC mouse model for Huntington's disease with full-length mutant huntingtin, cytoplasmic toxicity, and selective striatal neurodegeneration
    • Hodgson JG, Agopyan N, Gutekunst CA et al: A YAC mouse model for Huntington's disease with full-length mutant huntingtin, cytoplasmic toxicity, and selective striatal neurodegeneration. Neuron 1999; 23: 181-192.
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.23 , pp. 181-192
    • Hodgson, J.G.1    Agopyan, N.2    Gutekunst, C.A.3
  • 152
    • 0032475877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear inclusions in glutamine repeat disorders: Are they pernicious, coincidental, or beneficial?
    • Sisodia SS: Nuclear inclusions in glutamine repeat disorders: are they pernicious, coincidental, or beneficial? Cell 1998; 95: 1-4.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , pp. 1-4
    • Sisodia, S.S.1
  • 153
    • 0030850412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranuclear inclusions of expanded polyglutamine protein in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
    • Paulson HL, Perez MK, Trottier Y et al: Intranuclear inclusions of expanded polyglutamine protein in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Neuron 1997; 19: 333-344.
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.19 , pp. 333-344
    • Paulson, H.L.1    Perez, M.K.2    Trottier, Y.3
  • 154
    • 17344363559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Length of huntingtin and its polyglutamine tract influences localization and frequency of intracellular aggregates
    • Martindale D, Hackam A, Wieczorek A et al: Length of huntingtin and its polyglutamine tract influences localization and frequency of intracellular aggregates. Nat Genet 1998; 18: 150-154.
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.18 , pp. 150-154
    • Martindale, D.1    Hackam, A.2    Wieczorek, A.3
  • 155
    • 0031948607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleavage, aggregation and toxicity of the expanded androgen receptor in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
    • Merry DE, Kobayashi Y, Bailey CK, Taye AA, Fischbeck KH: Cleavage, aggregation and toxicity of the expanded androgen receptor in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 693-701.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 693-701
    • Merry, D.E.1    Kobayashi, Y.2    Bailey, C.K.3    Taye, A.A.4    Fischbeck, K.H.5
  • 156
    • 0033587128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of caspase-1 slows disease progression in a mouse model of Huntington's disease
    • Ona VO, Li M, Vonsattel JP et al: Inhibition of caspase-1 slows disease progression in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Nature 1999; 399: 263-267.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 263-267
    • Ona, V.O.1    Li, M.2    Vonsattel, J.P.3
  • 157
    • 0028989602 scopus 로고
    • Huntingtin is a cytoplasmic protein associated with vesicles in human and rat brain neurons
    • DiFiglia M, Sapp E, Chase K et al: Huntingtin is a cytoplasmic protein associated with vesicles in human and rat brain neurons. Neuron 1995; 14: 1075-1081.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.14 , pp. 1075-1081
    • DiFiglia, M.1    Sapp, E.2    Chase, K.3
  • 158
    • 0032485258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaperoning brain diseases
    • Welch WJ, Gambetti P: Chaperoning brain diseases. Nature 1998; 392: 23-24.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 23-24
    • Welch, W.J.1    Gambetti, P.2
  • 159
    • 4244025074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical analysis of high molecular weight protein aggregates containing expanded polyglutamine repeat androgen receptor
    • Bailey CK, McCampbell A, Madura K, Merry DE: Biochemical analysis of high molecular weight protein aggregates containing expanded polyglutamine repeat androgen receptor. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63 (Suppl): A8.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Bailey, C.K.1    McCampbell, A.2    Madura, K.3    Merry, D.E.4
  • 160
    • 0031838352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaperone suppression of aggregation and altered subcellular proteasome localization imply protein misfolding in SCA1
    • Cummings CJ, Mancini MA, Antalffy B, DeFranco DB, Orr HT, Zoghbi HY: Chaperone suppression of aggregation and altered subcellular proteasome localization imply protein misfolding in SCA1. Nat Genet 1998; 19: 148-154.
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.19 , pp. 148-154
    • Cummings, C.J.1    Mancini, M.A.2    Antalffy, B.3    DeFranco, D.B.4    Orr, H.T.5    Zoghbi, H.Y.6
  • 161
    • 0006525972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misfolding and aggregation in spinocerebellar ataxia 3: A role for cellular chaperones in glutamine-repeat disease
    • Paulson HL, Chai Y, Gray-Board G, Bonini N: Misfolding and aggregation in spinocerebellar ataxia 3: a role for cellular chaperones in glutamine-repeat disease. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63 (Suppl): A8.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Paulson, H.L.1    Chai, Y.2    Gray-Board, G.3    Bonini, N.4
  • 163
  • 164
    • 0030666001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ataxin-1 with an expanded glutamine tract alters nuclear matrix-associated structures
    • Skinner PJ, Koshy BT, Cummings CJ et al: Ataxin-1 with an expanded glutamine tract alters nuclear matrix-associated structures. Nature 1997; 389: 971-974.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 971-974
    • Skinner, P.J.1    Koshy, B.T.2    Cummings, C.J.3
  • 165
    • 0028234420 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the molecular genetics predictive test in Huntington's disease
    • World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Huntington's Chorea, International Huntington Association: Guidelines for the molecular genetics predictive test in Huntington's disease. J Med Genet 1994; 31: 555-559.
    • (1994) J Med Genet , vol.31 , pp. 555-559
  • 166
    • 0004799163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and clinical study of 18 families with ADCA type II: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity and de novo mutation
    • Giunti P, Stevanin G, Worth P, David G, Brice A, Wood NW: Molecular and clinical study of 18 families with ADCA type II: evidence for genetic heterogeneity and de novo mutation. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64: 1594-1603.
    • (1999) Am J Hum Genet , vol.64 , pp. 1594-1603
    • Giunti, P.1    Stevanin, G.2    Worth, P.3    David, G.4    Brice, A.5    Wood, N.W.6
  • 167
    • 0028815025 scopus 로고
    • DNA analysis in hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: Correlation between CAG repeat length and phenotypic variation and the molecular basis of anticipation
    • Komure O, Sano A, Nishino N et al: DNA analysis in hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: correlation between CAG repeat length and phenotypic variation and the molecular basis of anticipation. Neurology 1995; 45: 143-149.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 143-149
    • Komure, O.1    Sano, A.2    Nishino, N.3
  • 168
    • 0029044667 scopus 로고
    • Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: Clinical features are closely related to unstable expansions of trinucleotide (CAG) repeat
    • Ikeuchi T, Koide R, Tanaka H et al: Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: clinical features are closely related to unstable expansions of trinucleotide (CAG) repeat. Ann Neural 1995; 37: 769-775.
    • (1995) Ann Neural , vol.37 , pp. 769-775
    • Ikeuchi, T.1    Koide, R.2    Tanaka, H.3
  • 169
    • 0027023516 scopus 로고
    • Meiotic stability and genotype-phenotype correlation of the trinucleotide repeat in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
    • La Spada AR, Roling DB, Harding AE et al: Meiotic stability and genotype-phenotype correlation of the trinucleotide repeat in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nat Genet 1992; 2: 301-304.
    • (1992) Nat Genet , vol.2 , pp. 301-304
    • La Spada, A.R.1    Roling, D.B.2    Harding, A.E.3
  • 171
    • 10344243027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitotic and meiotic stability of the CAG repeat in the X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy gene
    • Watanabe M, Abe K, Aoki M et al: Mitotic and meiotic stability of the CAG repeat in the X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy gene. Clin Genet 1996; 50: 133-137.
    • (1996) Clin Genet , vol.50 , pp. 133-137
    • Watanabe, M.1    Abe, K.2    Aoki, M.3
  • 172
    • 0027240431 scopus 로고
    • Trinucleotide repeat length instability and age of onset in Huntington's disease
    • Duyao M, Ambrose C, Myers R et al: Trinucleotide repeat length instability and age of onset in Huntington's disease. Nat Genet 1993; 4: 387-392.
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.4 , pp. 387-392
    • Duyao, M.1    Ambrose, C.2    Myers, R.3
  • 173
    • 0029075558 scopus 로고
    • Sex-dependent mechanisms for expansions and contractions of the CAG repeat on affected Huntington disease chromosomes
    • Kremer B, Almqvist E, Theilmann J et al: Sex-dependent mechanisms for expansions and contractions of the CAG repeat on affected Huntington disease chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57: 343-350.
    • (1995) Am J Hum Genet , vol.57 , pp. 343-350
    • Kremer, B.1    Almqvist, E.2    Theilmann, J.3
  • 174
    • 0028877774 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the SCA1 CAG repeat in a large number of families with dominant ataxia: Clinical and molecular correlations
    • Dubourg O, Dürr A, Cancel G et al: Analysis of the SCA1 CAG repeat in a large number of families with dominant ataxia: clinical and molecular correlations. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 176-180.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 176-180
    • Dubourg, O.1    Dürr, A.2    Cancel, G.3
  • 175
    • 0029084672 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the unstable expanded CAG repeat in the MJD1 gene in four Brazilian families of Portuguese descent with Machado-Joseph disease
    • Stevanin G, Cassa E, Cancel G et al: Characterization of the unstable expanded CAG repeat in the MJD1 gene in four Brazilian families of Portuguese descent with Machado-Joseph disease. J Med Genet 1995; 32: 827-830.
    • (1995) J Med Genet , vol.32 , pp. 827-830
    • Stevanin, G.1    Cassa, E.2    Cancel, G.3
  • 177
    • 0032885515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neurological disease caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the TATA-binding protein gene: A new polyglutamine disease?
    • Koide R, Kobayashi S, Shimohata T et al: A neurological disease caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the TATA-binding protein gene: a new polyglutamine disease? Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8: 2047-2053.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 2047-2053
    • Koide, R.1    Kobayashi, S.2    Shimohata, T.3
  • 178
    • 0010008669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of a novel CAG repeat in the 5′ region of gene encoding a subunit of protein phosphatase 2a is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12)
    • Abstract 14
    • Holmes SE, O'Hearn E, McInnis MG et al: Expansion of a novel CAG repeat in the 5′ region of gene encoding a subunit of protein phosphatase 2a is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12). Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65 (Suppl): Abstract 14.
    • (1999) Am J Hum Genet , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Holmes, S.E.1    O'Hearn, E.2    McInnis, M.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.