메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 185-198

Blood-brain barrier permeability to ammonia in liver failure: A critical reappraisal

Author keywords

Acute liver failure; Blood brain barrier; Cerebral edema

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; CATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; INDOMETACIN; MANNITOL; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; POTASSIUM ION; TRACER;

EID: 0242331238     PISSN: 01970186     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0197-0186(03)00153-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (96)

References (128)
  • 2
    • 0032567776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced depolarization of cultured rat cortical astrocytes
    • Allert N., Koller H., Siebler M. Ammonia-induced depolarization of cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Brain Res. 782:1998;261-270.
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.782 , pp. 261-270
    • Allert, N.1    Koller, H.2    Siebler, M.3
  • 3
    • 0028580402 scopus 로고
    • + transport mechanisms in medullary thick ascending limb cells
    • + transport mechanisms in medullary thick ascending limb cells. Am. J. Physiol. 267:1994a;C1607-C1615.
    • (1994) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.267
    • Amlal, H.1    Paillard, M.2    Bichara, M.3
  • 6
    • 17344388271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +)-2Cl cotransporter of the medullary ascending limb in the regulation of renal acid-base equilibrium
    • +)-2Cl cotransporter of the medullary ascending limb in the regulation of renal acid-base equilibrium. Nephrologie. 23:2002;209-211.
    • (2002) Nephrologie , vol.23 , pp. 209-211
    • Attmane-Elakeb, A.1    Karim, Z.2    Bichara, M.3
  • 7
    • 0022254299 scopus 로고
    • The temporal evolution of hypoglycemic brain damage. II. Light- and electron-microscopic findings in the hippocampal gyrus and subiculum of the rat
    • Auer R.N., Kalimo H., Olsson Y., Siesjo B.K. The temporal evolution of hypoglycemic brain damage. II. Light- and electron-microscopic findings in the hippocampal gyrus and subiculum of the rat. Acta Neuropathol. Berl. 67:1985;25-36.
    • (1985) Acta Neuropathol. Berl. , vol.67 , pp. 25-36
    • Auer, R.N.1    Kalimo, H.2    Olsson, Y.3    Siesjo, B.K.4
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0018140012 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ammonium ions on spontaneous action potentials and on contents of sodium, potassium, ammonium and chloride ions in brain in vitro
    • Benjamin A.M., Okamoto K., Quastel J.H. Effects of ammonium ions on spontaneous action potentials and on contents of sodium, potassium, ammonium and chloride ions in brain in vitro. J. Neurochem. 30:1978;131-143.
    • (1978) J. Neurochem. , vol.30 , pp. 131-143
    • Benjamin, A.M.1    Okamoto, K.2    Quastel, J.H.3
  • 10
    • 0001568328 scopus 로고
    • The cerebral and peripheral uptake of ammonia in liver disease with an hypothesis for the mechanism of hepatic coma
    • Bessman S.P., Bessman A.N. The cerebral and peripheral uptake of ammonia in liver disease with an hypothesis for the mechanism of hepatic coma. J. Clin. Invest. 34:1955;622-628.
    • (1955) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.34 , pp. 622-628
    • Bessman, S.P.1    Bessman, A.N.2
  • 11
    • 0032828311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Blei A.T., Larsen F.S. Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure. J. Hepatol. 31:1999;771-776.
    • (1999) J. Hepatol. , vol.31 , pp. 771-776
    • Blei, A.T.1    Larsen, F.S.2
  • 13
    • 0034005901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of cirrhosis. III. Hepatic encephalopathy
    • Butterworth R.F. Complications of cirrhosis. III. Hepatic encephalopathy. J. Hepatol. 32:2000;171-180.
    • (2000) J. Hepatol. , vol.32 , pp. 171-180
    • Butterworth, R.F.1
  • 14
    • 0035230841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia prevents cerebral edema in acute liver failure
    • Butterworth R.F. Mild hypothermia prevents cerebral edema in acute liver failure. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 8:2001;16-19.
    • (2001) J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. , vol.8 , pp. 16-19
    • Butterworth, R.F.1
  • 16
    • 0015579464 scopus 로고
    • Organ uptake and blood pH and concentration effects of ammonia in dogs determined with ammonia labeled with 10 min half-lived nitrogen 13
    • Carter C.C., Lifton J.F., Welch M.J. Organ uptake and blood pH and concentration effects of ammonia in dogs determined with ammonia labeled with 10 min half-lived nitrogen 13. Neurology. 23:1973;204-213.
    • (1973) Neurology , vol.23 , pp. 204-213
    • Carter, C.C.1    Lifton, J.F.2    Welch, M.J.3
  • 17
    • 0034475022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain tissue PO(2), PCO(2), and pH during cerebral vasospasm
    • Charbel F.T., Du X., Hoffman W.E., Ausman J.I. Brain tissue PO(2), PCO(2), and pH during cerebral vasospasm. Surg. Neurol. 54:2000;432-437.
    • (2000) Surg. Neurol. , vol.54 , pp. 432-437
    • Charbel, F.T.1    Du, X.2    Hoffman, W.E.3    Ausman, J.I.4
  • 18
    • 0035174176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia prevents cerebral edema and CSF lactate accumulation in acute liver failure
    • Chatauret N., Rose C., Therrien G., Butterworth R.F. Mild hypothermia prevents cerebral edema and CSF lactate accumulation in acute liver failure. Metab. Brain Dis. 16:2001;95-102.
    • (2001) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 95-102
    • Chatauret, N.1    Rose, C.2    Therrien, G.3    Butterworth, R.F.4
  • 20
    • 0034920693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indomethacin prevents the development of experimental ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Chung C., Gottstein J., Blei A.T. Indomethacin prevents the development of experimental ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology. 34:2001;249-254.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 249-254
    • Chung, C.1    Gottstein, J.2    Blei, A.T.3
  • 21
    • 0030663990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indomethacin normalizes intracranial pressure in acute liver failure: A twenty-three-year-old woman treated with indomethacin
    • Clemmesen J.O., Hansen B.A., Larsen F.S. Indomethacin normalizes intracranial pressure in acute liver failure: a twenty-three-year-old woman treated with indomethacin. Hepatology. 26:1997;1423-1425.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , pp. 1423-1425
    • Clemmesen, J.O.1    Hansen, B.A.2    Larsen, F.S.3
  • 22
    • 0033055873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral herniation in patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration
    • Clemmesen J.O., Larsen F.S., Kondrup J., Hansen B.A., Ott P. Cerebral herniation in patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration. Hepatology. 29:1999;648-653.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.29 , pp. 648-653
    • Clemmesen, J.O.1    Larsen, F.S.2    Kondrup, J.3    Hansen, B.A.4    Ott, P.5
  • 24
    • 0023277382 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia
    • Cooper A.J., Plum F. Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia. Physiol. Rev. 67:1987;440-519.
    • (1987) Physiol. Rev. , vol.67 , pp. 440-519
    • Cooper, A.J.1    Plum, F.2
  • 27
    • 0032970942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Cordoba J., Crespin J., Gottstein J., Blei A.T. Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Gastroenterology. 116:1999;686-693.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116 , pp. 686-693
    • Cordoba, J.1    Crespin, J.2    Gottstein, J.3    Blei, A.T.4
  • 28
    • 78651133453 scopus 로고
    • The permeability of capillaries in various organs as determined by use of the "indicator diffusion" method
    • Crone C. The permeability of capillaries in various organs as determined by use of the "indicator diffusion" method. Acta Physiol. Scand. 58:1963;292-305.
    • (1963) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.58 , pp. 292-305
    • Crone, C.1
  • 29
    • 0027400553 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral cortex ammonia and glutamine metabolism in two rat models of chronic liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia: Influence of pair-feeding
    • Dejong C.H., Deutz N.E., Soeters P.B. Cerebral cortex ammonia and glutamine metabolism in two rat models of chronic liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia: influence of pair-feeding. J. Neurochem. 60:1993;1047-1057.
    • (1993) J. Neurochem. , vol.60 , pp. 1047-1057
    • Dejong, C.H.1    Deutz, N.E.2    Soeters, P.B.3
  • 30
    • 0030452614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic inhibitors affect the conductance of low voltage-activated calcium channels in brain capillary endothelial cells
    • Delpiano M.A. Metabolic inhibitors affect the conductance of low voltage-activated calcium channels in brain capillary endothelial cells. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 410:1996;109-113.
    • (1996) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.410 , pp. 109-113
    • Delpiano, M.A.1
  • 32
    • 0016157242 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of ammonia between blood and cerebrospinal fluid in pulmonary emphysema
    • Dutton R.E., Harris T.M., Davies D.G. Distribution of ammonia between blood and cerebrospinal fluid in pulmonary emphysema. J. Appl. Physiol. 36:1974a;668-673.
    • (1974) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.36 , pp. 668-673
    • Dutton, R.E.1    Harris, T.M.2    Davies, D.G.3
  • 33
    • 0016157242 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of ammonia between blood and cerebrospinal fluid in pulmonary emphysema
    • Dutton R.E., Harris T.M., Davies D.G. Distribution of ammonia between blood and cerebrospinal fluid in pulmonary emphysema. J. Appl. Physiol. 36:1974b;668-673.
    • (1974) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.36 , pp. 668-673
    • Dutton, R.E.1    Harris, T.M.2    Davies, D.G.3
  • 34
    • 0002820868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood vessel wall: Endothelial and smooth muscle cells
    • Edvinsson, L., Krause, D.N. (Eds.). Williams & Wilkins, London
    • Edvinsson, L., Krause, D.N., 2002. The blood vessel wall: endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In: Edvinsson, L., Krause, D.N. (Eds.), Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, second ed. Williams & Wilkins, London, pp. 30-43.
    • (2002) Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, Second Ed. , pp. 30-43
    • Edvinsson, L.1    Krause, D.N.2
  • 35
    • 0030066568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of sodium transport at the blood-brain barrier studied with in situ perfusion of rat brain
    • Ennis S.R., Ren X.D., Betz A.L. Mechanisms of sodium transport at the blood-brain barrier studied with in situ perfusion of rat brain. J. Neurochem. 66:1996;756-763.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.66 , pp. 756-763
    • Ennis, S.R.1    Ren, X.D.2    Betz, A.L.3
  • 41
    • 0017954946 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in chronically hyperammonemic rats: Effect of an acute ammonia challenge
    • Gjedde A., Lockwood A.H., Duffy T.E., Plum F. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in chronically hyperammonemic rats: effect of an acute ammonia challenge. Ann. Neurol. 3:1978;325-330.
    • (1978) Ann. Neurol. , vol.3 , pp. 325-330
    • Gjedde, A.1    Lockwood, A.H.2    Duffy, T.E.3    Plum, F.4
  • 42
    • 0030640317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The normal and pathological physiology of brain water
    • Go K.G. The normal and pathological physiology of brain water. Adv. Tech. Stand. Neurosurg. 23:1997;47-142.
    • (1997) Adv. Tech. Stand. Neurosurg. , vol.23 , pp. 47-142
    • Go, K.G.1
  • 43
    • 0028210941 scopus 로고
    • Ammonium transport by the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop
    • Good D.W. Ammonium transport by the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 56:1994;623-647.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.56 , pp. 623-647
    • Good, D.W.1
  • 44
    • 0001244133 scopus 로고
    • A linear method for determining liver sinusoidal and extravascular volumes
    • Goresky C.A. A linear method for determining liver sinusoidal and extravascular volumes. Am. J. Physiol. 204:1963;626-640.
    • (1963) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.204 , pp. 626-640
    • Goresky, C.A.1
  • 46
    • 0030865244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indomethacin in the management of elevated intracranial pressure: A review
    • Harrigan M.R., Tuteja S., Neudeck B.L. Indomethacin in the management of elevated intracranial pressure: a review. J. Neurotrauma. 14:1997;637-650.
    • (1997) J. Neurotrauma , vol.14 , pp. 637-650
    • Harrigan, M.R.1    Tuteja, S.2    Neudeck, B.L.3
  • 47
    • 0000860718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia, urea production, and pH
    • Bircher, J. (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Haussinger, D., 1999. Ammonia, urea production, and pH. In: Bircher, J. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 325-336.
    • (1999) Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology , pp. 325-336
    • Haussinger, D.1
  • 48
    • 0015787774 scopus 로고
    • The acute action of ammonia on rat brain metabolism in vivo
    • Hawkins R.A., Miller A.L., Nielsen R.C., Veech R.L. The acute action of ammonia on rat brain metabolism in vivo. Biochem. J. 134:1973;1001-1008.
    • (1973) Biochem. J. , vol.134 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Hawkins, R.A.1    Miller, A.L.2    Nielsen, R.C.3    Veech, R.L.4
  • 49
    • 0033763088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new face of the Rhesus antigen
    • Heitman J., Agre P. A new face of the Rhesus antigen. Nat. Genet. 26:2000;258-259.
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 258-259
    • Heitman, J.1    Agre, P.2
  • 51
    • 0016582549 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of ammonia between extracellular and intracellular compartments of the rat brain
    • Hindfelt B. The distribution of ammonia between extracellular and intracellular compartments of the rat brain. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 48:1975;33-37.
    • (1975) Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. , vol.48 , pp. 33-37
    • Hindfelt, B.1
  • 54
    • 0035053248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the Rh superfamily of genes and proteins in erythroid cells and nonerythroid tissues
    • Huang C.H., Liu P.Z. New insights into the Rh superfamily of genes and proteins in erythroid cells and nonerythroid tissues. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 27:2001;90-101.
    • (2001) Blood Cells Mol. Dis. , vol.27 , pp. 90-101
    • Huang, C.H.1    Liu, P.Z.2
  • 55
    • 0033517489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
    • Jalan R., Damink S.W., Deutz N.E., Lee A., Hayes P.C. Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Lancet. 354:1999;1164-1168.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1164-1168
    • Jalan, R.1    Damink, S.W.2    Deutz, N.E.3    Lee, A.4    Hayes, P.C.5
  • 56
    • 0034956864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and reactivity to carbon dioxide in acute liver failure by moderate hypothermia
    • Jalan R., Olde Damink S.W., Deutz N.E., Hayes P.C., Lee A. Restoration of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and reactivity to carbon dioxide in acute liver failure by moderate hypothermia. Hepatology. 34:2001;50-54.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 50-54
    • Jalan, R.1    Olde Damink, S.W.2    Deutz, N.E.3    Hayes, P.C.4    Lee, A.5
  • 57
    • 0027423294 scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain barrier in vitro: The second decade
    • Joo F. The blood-brain barrier in vitro: the second decade. Neurochem. Int. 23:1993;499-521.
    • (1993) Neurochem. Int. , vol.23 , pp. 499-521
    • Joo, F.1
  • 58
    • 0032927988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia: Depression of tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and evidence for pentose phosphate shunt upregulation
    • Kaibara T., Sutherland G.R., Colbourne F., Tyson R.L. Hypothermia: depression of tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and evidence for pentose phosphate shunt upregulation. J. Neurosurg. 90:1999;339-347.
    • (1999) J. Neurosurg. , vol.90 , pp. 339-347
    • Kaibara, T.1    Sutherland, G.R.2    Colbourne, F.3    Tyson, R.L.4
  • 59
    • 0036267395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + in relation to the control of acid-base balance by the kidney
    • + in relation to the control of acid-base balance by the kidney. J. Nephrol. 15(Suppl. 5):2002;S128-S134.
    • (2002) J. Nephrol. , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Karim, Z.1    Attmane-Elakeb, A.2    Bichara, M.3
  • 60
    • 0029980913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hypoxia on Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-cotransport in cultured brain capillary endothelial cells of the rat
    • Kawai N., McCarron R.M., Spatz M. Effect of hypoxia on Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-cotransport in cultured brain capillary endothelial cells of the rat. J. Neurochem. 66:1996;2572-2579.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.66 , pp. 2572-2579
    • Kawai, N.1    McCarron, R.M.2    Spatz, M.3
  • 61
    • 0027197049 scopus 로고
    • Potassium transport at the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers
    • Keep R.F., Xiang J., Betz A.L. Potassium transport at the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 331:1993;43-54.
    • (1993) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.331 , pp. 43-54
    • Keep, R.F.1    Xiang, J.2    Betz, A.L.3
  • 62
    • 44349129408 scopus 로고
    • The theory and application of the exchange of inert gas at the lungs and tissues
    • Kety S.S. The theory and application of the exchange of inert gas at the lungs and tissues. Pharmacol. Rev. 3:1951;1-41.
    • (1951) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.3 , pp. 1-41
    • Kety, S.S.1
  • 65
    • 0021748498 scopus 로고
    • The use of neutral red as an intracellular pH indicator in rat brain cortex in vivo
    • LaManna J.C., McCracken K.A. The use of neutral red as an intracellular pH indicator in rat brain cortex in vivo. Anal. Biochem. 142:1984;117-125.
    • (1984) Anal. Biochem. , vol.142 , pp. 117-125
    • LaManna, J.C.1    McCracken, K.A.2
  • 66
    • 0030466051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral circulation in liver failure: Ohm's law in force
    • Larsen F.S. Cerebral circulation in liver failure: Ohm's law in force. Semin. Liver Dis. 16:1996;281-292.
    • (1996) Semin. Liver Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 281-292
    • Larsen, F.S.1
  • 67
    • 0030740084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiological changes in cerebral circulation, oxidative metabolism and blood-brain barrier in patients with acute liver failure: Tailored cerebral oxygen utilization
    • Larsen, F.S., Hansen, B.H., Knudsen, G.M., 1997. Pathophysiological changes in cerebral circulation, oxidative metabolism and blood-brain barrier in patients with acute liver failure: Tailored cerebral oxygen utilization. J. Hepatol. 27, 231-238.
    • (1997) J. Hepatol. , vol.27 , pp. 231-238
    • Larsen, F.S.1    Hansen, B.H.2    Knudsen, G.M.3
  • 69
    • 0018016252 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral ammonia metabolism
    • Lockwood A.H. Cerebral ammonia metabolism. Stroke. 9:1978;521.
    • (1978) Stroke , vol.9 , pp. 521
    • Lockwood, A.H.1
  • 70
    • 0032422164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography in the study of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Lockwood A.H. Positron emission tomography in the study of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 13:1998;303-309.
    • (1998) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 303-309
    • Lockwood, A.H.1
  • 72
    • 0018843027 scopus 로고
    • Factors that affect the uptake of ammonia by the brain: The blood-brain pH gradient
    • Lockwood A.H., Finn R.D., Campbell J.A., Richman T.B. Factors that affect the uptake of ammonia by the brain: the blood-brain pH gradient. Brain Res. 181:1980;259-266.
    • (1980) Brain Res. , vol.181 , pp. 259-266
    • Lockwood, A.H.1    Finn, R.D.2    Campbell, J.A.3    Richman, T.B.4
  • 75
    • 0025979046 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral ammonia metabolism in patients with severe liver disease and minimal hepatic encephalopathy
    • Lockwood A.H., Yap E.W., Wong W.H. Cerebral ammonia metabolism in patients with severe liver disease and minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11:1991;337-341.
    • (1991) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.11 , pp. 337-341
    • Lockwood, A.H.1    Yap, E.W.2    Wong, W.H.3
  • 77
    • 0033757434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human Rhesus-associated RhAG protein and a kidney homologue promote ammonium transport in yeast
    • Marini A.M., Matassi G., Raynal V., Andre B., Cartron J.P., Cherif-Zahar B. The human Rhesus-associated RhAG protein and a kidney homologue promote ammonium transport in yeast. Nat. Genet. 26:2000;341-344.
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 341-344
    • Marini, A.M.1    Matassi, G.2    Raynal, V.3    Andre, B.4    Cartron, J.P.5    Cherif-Zahar, B.6
  • 79
    • 0142149634 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of ammonia across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in patients with hepatic failure
    • Moore E.W., Strohmeyer G.W., Chalmers T.C. Distribution of ammonia across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in patients with hepatic failure. Am. J. Med. 35:1963;350-362.
    • (1963) Am. J. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 350-362
    • Moore, E.W.1    Strohmeyer, G.W.2    Chalmers, T.C.3
  • 80
    • 0033522877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of KCC3 and KCC4, new members of the cation-chloride cotransporter gene family
    • Mount D.B., Mercado A., Song L., Xu J., George A.L., Delpire E., Gamba G. Cloning and characterization of KCC3 and KCC4, new members of the cation-chloride cotransporter gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;16355-16362.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 16355-16362
    • Mount, D.B.1    Mercado, A.2    Song, L.3    Xu, J.4    George, A.L.5    Delpire, E.6    Gamba, G.7
  • 81
    • 0029461420 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of brain vessel in vincristine treated rabbits
    • Muzylak M., Maslinska D. Ultrastructure of brain vessel in vincristine treated rabbits. Folia Neuropathol. 33:1995;261-265.
    • (1995) Folia Neuropathol. , vol.33 , pp. 261-265
    • Muzylak, M.1    Maslinska, D.2
  • 82
    • 0031957738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular acidification induced by passive and active transport of ammonium ions in astrocytes
    • Nagaraja T.N., Brookes N. Intracellular acidification induced by passive and active transport of ammonium ions in astrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 274:1998;C883-C891.
    • (1998) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.274
    • Nagaraja, T.N.1    Brookes, N.2
  • 84
    • 0031882282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain lactate by magnetic resonance spectroscopy during fulminant hepatic failure in the dog
    • Nyberg S.L., Cerra F.B., Gruetter R. Brain lactate by magnetic resonance spectroscopy during fulminant hepatic failure in the dog. Liver Transplant. Surg. 4:1998;158-165.
    • (1998) Liver Transplant. Surg. , vol.4 , pp. 158-165
    • Nyberg, S.L.1    Cerra, F.B.2    Gruetter, R.3
  • 85
    • 85030962495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle artery occlusion model of stroke
    • Abstract #79.5, 11-14 April 2003, San Diego
    • O'Donnell, M.E., Tran, L., Lam, T.I., Anderson, S.E., 2003. Bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle artery occlusion model of stroke. Abstract #79.5, EB2003 Meeting, 11-14 April 2003, San Diego.
    • (2003) EB2003 Meeting
    • O'Donnell, M.E.1    Tran, L.2    Lam, T.I.3    Anderson, S.E.4
  • 87
    • 0031828966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic elimination of indocyanine green with special reference to distribution kinetics and the influence of plasma protein binding
    • Ott P. Hepatic elimination of indocyanine green with special reference to distribution kinetics and the influence of plasma protein binding. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 83(Suppl. 2):1998;1-43.
    • (1998) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 1-43
    • Ott, P.1
  • 89
    • 0023269322 scopus 로고
    • Does the release of potassium from astrocyte endfeet regulate cerebral blood flow?
    • Paulson O.B., Newman E.A. Does the release of potassium from astrocyte endfeet regulate cerebral blood flow? Science. 237:1987;896-898.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 896-898
    • Paulson, O.B.1    Newman, E.A.2
  • 90
    • 0242279410 scopus 로고
    • Correspondence
    • Phelps M.E. Correspondence. Stroke. 5:1978;521-523.
    • (1978) Stroke , vol.5 , pp. 521-523
    • Phelps, M.E.1
  • 92
    • 0019413442 scopus 로고
    • 13N ammonia: Its dependence on cerebral blood flow and capillary permeability - Surface area product
    • 13N ammonia: its dependence on cerebral blood flow and capillary permeability - surface area product Stroke. 12:1981;607-619.
    • (1981) Stroke , vol.12 , pp. 607-619
    • Phelps, M.E.1    Huang, S.C.2    Hoffman, E.J.3    Selin, C.4    Kuhl, D.E.5
  • 93
    • 0017347653 scopus 로고
    • Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier: Value in pharmacological studies on the cerebral circulation
    • Pickard J.D., Durity F., Welsh F.A., Langfitt T.W., Harper A.M., MacKenzie E.T. Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier: value in pharmacological studies on the cerebral circulation. Brain Res. 122:1977;170-176.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.122 , pp. 170-176
    • Pickard, J.D.1    Durity, F.2    Welsh, F.A.3    Langfitt, T.W.4    Harper, A.M.5    MacKenzie, E.T.6
  • 94
    • 0026637681 scopus 로고
    • A calcium and ATP sensitive nonselective cation channel in the antiluminal membrane of rat cerebral capillary endothelial cells
    • Popp R., Gogelein H. A calcium and ATP sensitive nonselective cation channel in the antiluminal membrane of rat cerebral capillary endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1108:1992;59-66.
    • (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1108 , pp. 59-66
    • Popp, R.1    Gogelein, H.2
  • 95
    • 0026776060 scopus 로고
    • Stretch-activated non-selective cation channels in the antiluminal membrane of porcine cerebral capillaries
    • Popp R., Hoyer J., Meyer J., Galla H.J., Gogelein H. Stretch-activated non-selective cation channels in the antiluminal membrane of porcine cerebral capillaries. J. Physiol. 454:1992;435-449.
    • (1992) J. Physiol. , vol.454 , pp. 435-449
    • Popp, R.1    Hoyer, J.2    Meyer, J.3    Galla, H.J.4    Gogelein, H.5
  • 97
    • 0019581651 scopus 로고
    • 13N -ammonia from blood to brain. A new regional residue detection model
    • 13N -ammonia from blood to brain. A new regional residue detection model Circ. Res. 48:1981;913-937.
    • (1981) Circ. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 913-937
    • Raichle, M.E.1    Larson, K.B.2
  • 98
    • 0035165599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia
    • Rao K.V., Norenberg M.D. Cerebral energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Metab. Brain Dis. 16:2001;67-78.
    • (2001) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 67-78
    • Rao, K.V.1    Norenberg, M.D.2
  • 99
    • 0014821769 scopus 로고
    • Effect of concentrated solutions on blood-brain barrier
    • Rapoport S.I. Effect of concentrated solutions on blood-brain barrier. Am. J. Physiol. 219:1970;270-274.
    • (1970) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.219 , pp. 270-274
    • Rapoport, S.I.1
  • 100
    • 13344292421 scopus 로고
    • Transport of potassium-42 from blood to tissue in isolated mammalian skeletal muscle
    • Renkin, E.M., 1959. Transport of potassium-42 from blood to tissue in isolated mammalian skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 197, 1205-1210.
    • (1959) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.197 , pp. 1205-1210
    • Renkin, E.M.1
  • 101
    • 0032868948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Ornithine-L-aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure
    • Rose C., Michalak A., Rao K.V., Quack G., Kircheis G., Butterworth R.F. L-Ornithine-L-aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology. 30:1999;636-640.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , pp. 636-640
    • Rose, C.1    Michalak, A.2    Rao, K.V.3    Quack, G.4    Kircheis, G.5    Butterworth, R.F.6
  • 102
    • 0034102769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia delays the onset of coma and prevents brain edema and extracellular brain glutamate accumulation in rats with acute liver failure
    • Rose C., Michalak A., Pannunzio M., Chatauret N., Rambaldi A., Butterworth R.F. Mild hypothermia delays the onset of coma and prevents brain edema and extracellular brain glutamate accumulation in rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology. 31:2000;872-877.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 872-877
    • Rose, C.1    Michalak, A.2    Pannunzio, M.3    Chatauret, N.4    Rambaldi, A.5    Butterworth, R.F.6
  • 104
    • 0036107388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion regulation in the brain: Implications for pathophysiology
    • Somjen G.G. Ion regulation in the brain: implications for pathophysiology. Neuroscientists. 8:2002;254-267.
    • (2002) Neuroscientists , vol.8 , pp. 254-267
    • Somjen, G.G.1
  • 105
    • 0031032191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional properties of cultured endothelial cells derived from large microvessels of human brain
    • Spatz M., Kawai N., Merkel N., Bembry J., McCarron R.M. Functional properties of cultured endothelial cells derived from large microvessels of human brain. Am. J. Physiol. 272:1997;C231-C239.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.272
    • Spatz, M.1    Kawai, N.2    Merkel, N.3    Bembry, J.4    McCarron, R.M.5
  • 107
    • 0034754145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolism of ammonia and amino acids in patients with fulminant hepatic failure
    • Strauss G.I., Knudsen G.M., Kondrup J., Moller K., Larsen F.S. Cerebral metabolism of ammonia and amino acids in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology. 121:2001;1109-1119.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.121 , pp. 1109-1119
    • Strauss, G.I.1    Knudsen, G.M.2    Kondrup, J.3    Moller, K.4    Larsen, F.S.5
  • 108
    • 0031012701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, attenuates increased extracellular potassium activity during acute hyperammonemia
    • Sugimoto H., Koehler R.C., Wilson D.A., Brusilow S.W., Traystman R.J. Methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, attenuates increased extracellular potassium activity during acute hyperammonemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17:1997;44-49.
    • (1997) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.17 , pp. 44-49
    • Sugimoto, H.1    Koehler, R.C.2    Wilson, D.A.3    Brusilow, S.W.4    Traystman, R.J.5
  • 109
    • 33745422440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astroglial-mediated phosphorylation of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in brain microvessel endothelial cells
    • Sun D., O'Donnell M.E. Astroglial-mediated phosphorylation of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in brain microvessel endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271:1996;C620-C627.
    • (1996) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.271
    • Sun, D.1    O'Donnell, M.E.2
  • 110
    • 0029202141 scopus 로고
    • Astroglial cell-induced expression of Na-K-Cl cotransporter in brain microvascular endothelial cells
    • Sun D., Lytle C., O'Donnell M.E. Astroglial cell-induced expression of Na-K-Cl cotransporter in brain microvascular endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 269:1995;C1506-C1512.
    • (1995) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.269
    • Sun, D.1    Lytle, C.2    O'Donnell, M.E.3
  • 111
    • 0030749719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 secreted by astroglial cells regulates Na-K-Cl cotransport in brain microvessel endothelial cells
    • Sun D., Lytle C., O'Donnell M.E. IL-6 secreted by astroglial cells regulates Na-K-Cl cotransport in brain microvessel endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 272:1997;C1829-C1835.
    • (1997) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.272
    • Sun, D.1    Lytle, C.2    O'Donnell, M.E.3
  • 112
  • 114
    • 0033496251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier transport and protein binding of flumazenil and iomazenil in the rat: Implications for neuroreceptor studies
    • Videbaek C., Ott P., Paulson O.B., Knudsen G.M. Blood-brain barrier transport and protein binding of flumazenil and iomazenil in the rat: implications for neuroreceptor studies. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19:1999;948-955.
    • (1999) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.19 , pp. 948-955
    • Videbaek, C.1    Ott, P.2    Paulson, O.B.3    Knudsen, G.M.4
  • 115
    • 0024598762 scopus 로고
    • A new type of amiloride-sensitive cationic channel in endothelial cells of brain microvessels
    • Vigne P., Champigny G., Marsault R., Barbry P., Frelin C., Lazdunski M. A new type of amiloride-sensitive cationic channel in endothelial cells of brain microvessels. J. Biol. Chem. 264:1989;7663-7668.
    • (1989) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.264 , pp. 7663-7668
    • Vigne, P.1    Champigny, G.2    Marsault, R.3    Barbry, P.4    Frelin, C.5    Lazdunski, M.6
  • 116
    • 0028167597 scopus 로고
    • Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-cotransporter of brain capillary endothelial cells. Properties and regulation by endothelins, hyperosmolar solutions, calyculin A, and interleukin-1
    • Vigne P., Lopez F.A., Frelin C. Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-cotransporter of brain capillary endothelial cells. Properties and regulation by endothelins, hyperosmolar solutions, calyculin A, and interleukin-1. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;19925-19930.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 19925-19930
    • Vigne, P.1    Lopez, F.A.2    Frelin, C.3
  • 117
    • 0031024941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Onithine vs. L-ornithine-L-aspartate as a treatment for hyperammonemia-induced encephalopathy in rats
    • Vogels B.A., Karlsen O.T., Mass M.A., Bovee W.M., Chamuleau R.A. L-Onithine vs. L-ornithine-L-aspartate as a treatment for hyperammonemia- induced encephalopathy in rats. J. Hepatol. 26:1997;174-182.
    • (1997) J. Hepatol. , vol.26 , pp. 174-182
    • Vogels, B.A.1    Karlsen, O.T.2    Mass, M.A.3    Bovee, W.M.4    Chamuleau, R.A.5
  • 119
    • 36949080489 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia toxicity and pH
    • Warren K. Ammonia toxicity and pH. Nature. 195:1962;47-49.
    • (1962) Nature , vol.195 , pp. 47-49
    • Warren, K.1
  • 120
    • 0000372193 scopus 로고
    • The passage of ammonia acroos the blood-brain barrier and its relation to blood pH
    • Warren K.S., Nathan D.G. The passage of ammonia acroos the blood-brain barrier and its relation to blood pH. J. Clin. Invest. 37:1958;1724-1728.
    • (1958) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.37 , pp. 1724-1728
    • Warren, K.S.1    Nathan, D.G.2
  • 121
    • 0025041612 scopus 로고
    • Arterial pH modulation of regional cerebral blood flow during hyperammonemia in dogs
    • Weigle C.G., Koehler R.C., Brusilow S.W., Traystman R.J. Arterial pH modulation of regional cerebral blood flow during hyperammonemia in dogs. Am. J. Physiol. 259:1990;H34-H41.
    • (1990) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.259
    • Weigle, C.G.1    Koehler, R.C.2    Brusilow, S.W.3    Traystman, R.J.4
  • 122
    • 0038636372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the ammonium transporters, Rh B glycoprotein and Rh C glycoprotein, in the mouse liver
    • Weiner I.D., Miller R.T., Verlander J.W. Localization of the ammonium transporters, Rh B glycoprotein and Rh C glycoprotein, in the mouse liver. Gastroenterology. 124:2003;1432-1440.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 1432-1440
    • Weiner, I.D.1    Miller, R.T.2    Verlander, J.W.3
  • 123
    • 0012527385 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation from albumin: A potentially rate-limiting step in the clearance of substances by the liver
    • Weisiger R.A. Dissociation from albumin: a potentially rate-limiting step in the clearance of substances by the liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:1985;1563-1567.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 1563-1567
    • Weisiger, R.A.1
  • 124
    • 0001863821 scopus 로고
    • The role of albumin binding in hepatic organic anion transport
    • Tavoloni, N., Berk, P.D. (Eds.). Raven, New York
    • Weisiger, R.A., 1993. The role of albumin binding in hepatic organic anion transport. In: Tavoloni, N., Berk, P.D. (Eds.), Hepatic Transport and Bile Secretion: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Raven, New York, pp. 171-194.
    • (1993) Hepatic Transport and Bile Secretion: Physiology and Pathophysiology , pp. 171-194
    • Weisiger, R.A.1
  • 125
    • 0035822278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency treatment of neonatal hyperammonaemic coma with mild systemic hypothermia
    • Whitelaw A., Bridges S., Leaf A., Evans D. Emergency treatment of neonatal hyperammonaemic coma with mild systemic hypothermia. Lancet. 358:2001;36-38.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 36-38
    • Whitelaw, A.1    Bridges, S.2    Leaf, A.3    Evans, D.4
  • 126
    • 0027980466 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic modulation by dopamine and GABA opens a potassium channel in rat cortical, striatal and hippocampal synaptosomes via eicosanoids
    • Zoltay G., Cooper J.R. Presynaptic modulation by dopamine and GABA opens a potassium channel in rat cortical, striatal and hippocampal synaptosomes via eicosanoids. Neurochem. Int. 25:1994a;345-348.
    • (1994) Neurochem. Int. , vol.25 , pp. 345-348
    • Zoltay, G.1    Cooper, J.R.2
  • 127
    • 0027980555 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic modulation by eicosanoids in cortical synaptosomes
    • Zoltay G., Cooper J.R. Presynaptic modulation by eicosanoids in cortical synaptosomes. Neurochem. Res. 19:1994b;1211-1215.
    • (1994) Neurochem. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 1211-1215
    • Zoltay, G.1    Cooper, J.R.2
  • 128
    • 0037311146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective increase of brain lactate synthesis in experimental acute liver failure: Results of a [H-C] nuclear magnetic resonance study
    • Zwingmann C., Chatauret N., Leibfritz D., Butterworth R.F. Selective increase of brain lactate synthesis in experimental acute liver failure: results of a [H-C] nuclear magnetic resonance study. Hepatology. 37:2003;420-428.
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.37 , pp. 420-428
    • Zwingmann, C.1    Chatauret, N.2    Leibfritz, D.3    Butterworth, R.F.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.