메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue , 2003, Pages 469-523

Recognizing mantle plumes in the geological record

Author keywords

Dyke swarm; FOZO; Isotope; Large igneous province (LIP); Mantle root; Rift

Indexed keywords

BASALT; COMPOSITION; FLOODS; ISOTOPES;

EID: 0041750453     PISSN: 00846597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.145500     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (315)

References (266)
  • 2
    • 0025683880 scopus 로고
    • A major 2.1 Ga event of mafic magmatism in West Africa: An early stage of crustal accretion
    • Abouchami W, Boher M, Michard A, Albarede F. 1990. A major 2.1 Ga event of mafic magmatism in West Africa: an early stage of crustal accretion. J. Geophys. Res. 95:17605-29
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 17605-17629
    • Abouchami, W.1    Boher, M.2    Michard, A.3    Albarede, F.4
  • 3
    • 0027384048 scopus 로고
    • Petrology of the mantle transition zone
    • Agee CB. 1993. Petrology of the mantle transition zone. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 21:19-41
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 19-41
    • Agee, C.B.1
  • 4
  • 5
    • 34548600841 scopus 로고
    • Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction: Experimental results and theoretical interpretation
    • Alvarez LW, Alvarez W, Asaro F, Michel HV. 1980. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction: experimental results and theoretical interpretation. Science 208:1095-108
    • (1980) Science , vol.208 , pp. 1095-1108
    • Alvarez, L.W.1    Alvarez, W.2    Asaro, F.3    Michel, H.V.4
  • 6
    • 0028813014 scopus 로고
    • Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and perisphere
    • Anderson DL. 1995. Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and perisphere. Rev. Geophys. 33: 125-49
    • (1995) Rev. Geophys. , vol.33 , pp. 125-149
    • Anderson, D.L.1
  • 7
    • 0033403670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why was flood volcanism on submerged continental platforms so common in the Precambrian?
    • Arndt N. 1999. Why was flood volcanism on submerged continental platforms so common in the Precambrian? Precambrian Res. 97:155-64
    • (1999) Precambrian Res. , vol.97 , pp. 155-164
    • Arndt, N.1
  • 8
    • 0034727109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot heads and cold tails
    • Arndt N. 2000. Hot heads and cold tails. Nature 407:458-59
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 458-459
    • Arndt, N.1
  • 11
    • 0036327492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic plateaus as windows to the Earth's interior: An ODP success story
    • Arndt N, Weis D. 2002. Oceanic plateaus as windows to the Earth's interior: an ODP success story. Joides J. 28:79-84 (Spec. Issue)
    • (2002) Joides J. , vol.28 , Issue.SPEC. ISSUE , pp. 79-84
    • Arndt, N.1    Weis, D.2
  • 12
    • 0025995202 scopus 로고
    • High Ni in Archean tholeiites
    • Arndt NT. 1991. High Ni in Archean tholeiites. Tectonophysics 187:411-20
    • (1991) Tectonophysics , vol.187 , pp. 411-420
    • Arndt, N.T.1
  • 13
    • 0002050558 scopus 로고
    • Archean komatiites
    • ed. KC Condie, Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Arndt NT. 1994. Archean komatiites. In Archean Crustal Evolution, ed. KC Condie, pp. 11-44. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • (1994) Archean Crustal Evolution , pp. 11-44
    • Arndt, N.T.1
  • 14
    • 0004256225 scopus 로고
    • New York: Springer-Verlag. 422 pp
    • Ashwal LD. 1993. Anorthosites. New York: Springer-Verlag. 422 pp.
    • (1993) Anorthosites
    • Ashwal, L.D.1
  • 15
    • 0037095314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the southern Abitibi greenstone belt based on U-Pb geochronology: Authochthonous volcanic construction followed by plutonism, regional deformation and sedimentation
    • Ayer J, Amelin Y, Corfu F, Kamo S, Ketchum J, et al. 2002. Evolution of the southern Abitibi greenstone belt based on U-Pb geochronology: authochthonous volcanic construction followed by plutonism, regional deformation and sedimentation. Precambrian Res. 115:63-95
    • (2002) Precambrian Res. , vol.115 , pp. 63-95
    • Ayer, J.1    Amelin, Y.2    Corfu, F.3    Kamo, S.4    Ketchum, J.5
  • 17
    • 0033828697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PGE and base-metal alloys in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusa ophiolite southern Tibet
    • Bai WJ, Robinson PT, Fang Q-S, Yang J-S, Yan B-G, et al. 2000. The PGE and base-metal alloys in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusa ophiolite southern Tibet. Can. Mineral. 38:585-98
    • (2000) Can. Mineral. , vol.38 , pp. 585-598
    • Bai, W.J.1    Robinson, P.T.2    Fang, Q.-S.3    Yang, J.-S.4    Yan, B.-G.5
  • 18
    • 0027881032 scopus 로고
    • Petrogenetic implications of the timing of alkaline, carbonatite, and kimberlite igneous activity in Africa
    • Bailey DK. 1993. Petrogenetic implications of the timing of alkaline, carbonatite, and kimberlite igneous activity in Africa. S. Afr. J. Geol. 96:67-74
    • (1993) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.96 , pp. 67-74
    • Bailey, D.K.1
  • 19
    • 0030781599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hafnium isotopic studies of the Cameroon line and new HIMU paradoxes
    • Ballentine CJ, Lee D-C, Halliday AN. 1997. Hafnium isotopic studies of the Cameroon line and new HIMU paradoxes. Chem. Geol. 139:111-24
    • (1997) Chem. Geol. , vol.139 , pp. 111-124
    • Ballentine, C.J.1    Lee, D.-C.2    Halliday, A.N.3
  • 20
    • 0002682384 scopus 로고
    • Volcanism of the stable crust
    • ed. WRA Baragar, LC Coleman, JM Hall, Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap
    • Baragar WRA. 1977. Volcanism of the stable crust. In Volcanic Regimes in Canada, ed. WRA Baragar, LC Coleman, JM Hall, Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap. 16:377-405
    • (1977) Volcanic Regimes in Canada , vol.16 , pp. 377-405
    • Baragar, W.R.A.1
  • 21
    • 0029758265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal petrochemical variation in the Mackenzie dyke swarm, northwestern Canadian Shield
    • Baragar WRA, Ernst RE, Hulbert L, Peterson T. 1996. Longitudinal petrochemical variation in the Mackenzie dyke swarm, northwestern Canadian Shield. J. Petrol. 37:317-59
    • (1996) J. Petrol. , vol.37 , pp. 317-359
    • Baragar, W.R.A.1    Ernst, R.E.2    Hulbert, L.3    Peterson, T.4
  • 22
    • 0033053819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments
    • Barbarin B. 1999. A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos 46:605-26
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.46 , pp. 605-626
    • Barbarin, B.1
  • 25
    • 0003725145 scopus 로고
    • Basaltic Volcanism Study Project. New York: Pergamon. 1286 pp
    • Basaltic Volcanism Study Project. 1981. Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets. New York: Pergamon. 1286 pp.
    • (1981) Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets
  • 28
    • 0141486618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbonatites and related alkaline rocks, lamprophyres, and kimberlites - Indicators of mantle-plume activity
    • Bell K. 2002. Carbonatites and related alkaline rocks, lamprophyres, and kimberlites- indicators of mantle-plume activity. In Electronic Geosciences, Vol. 7. Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo, http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/10069/ free/conferen/superplu/index.html
    • (2002) Electronic Geosciences, Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo , vol.7
    • Bell, K.1
  • 29
    • 0034771168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nd, Pb and Sr isotopic compositions of East African carbonatites: Evidence for mantle mixing and plume inhomogeneity
    • Bell K, Tilton GR. 2001. Nd, Pb and Sr isotopic compositions of East African carbonatites: evidence for mantle mixing and plume inhomogeneity. J. Petrol. 42:1927-45
    • (2001) J. Petrol. , vol.42 , pp. 1927-1945
    • Bell, K.1    Tilton, G.R.2
  • 30
    • 70449895754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing the mantle: The story from carbonatites
    • Bell K, Tilton GR. 2002. Probing the mantle: the story from carbonatites. EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 83 (25):273-77
    • (2002) EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union , vol.83 , Issue.25 , pp. 273-277
    • Bell, K.1    Tilton, G.R.2
  • 31
    • 0028669630 scopus 로고
    • Double flood basalts and plume head separation at the 660-kilometer discontinuity
    • Bercovici D, Mahoney J. 1994. Double flood basalts and plume head separation at the 660-kilometer discontinuity. Science 266:1367-69
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 1367-1369
    • Bercovici, D.1    Mahoney, J.2
  • 32
    • 0013165141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malani rhyolites: A review
    • Bhushan SK. 2000. Malani rhyolites: a review. Gondwana Res. 3:65-77
    • (2000) Gondwana Res. , vol.3 , pp. 65-77
    • Bhushan, S.K.1
  • 41
    • 0030364307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The African plate
    • Burke K. 1996. The African Plate. S. Afr. J. Geol. 99:341-409
    • (1996) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.99 , pp. 341-409
    • Burke, K.1
  • 42
    • 0006268053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreward
    • ed. MJ de Wit, LD Ashwal, Oxford: Clarendon
    • Burke K. 1997. Foreward. In Greenstone Belts, ed. MJ de Wit, LD Ashwal, pp. v-vii. Oxford: Clarendon
    • (1997) Greenstone Belts , pp. 5-7
    • Burke, K.1
  • 43
    • 0001599128 scopus 로고
    • Plume-generated triple junctions: Key indicators in applying plate tectonics to old rocks
    • Burke K, Dewey J. 1973. Plume-generated triple junctions: key indicators in applying plate tectonics to old rocks. J. Geol. 81:406-33
    • (1973) J. Geol. , vol.81 , pp. 406-433
    • Burke, K.1    Dewey, J.2
  • 44
    • 0344532318 scopus 로고
    • Deccan volcanism, greenhouse warming, and the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary
    • Caldeira K, Rampino MR. 1990. Deccan volcanism, greenhouse warming, and the Cretaceous/ Tertiary boundary. GSA Spec. Pap. 247:117-23
    • (1990) GSA Spec. Pap. , vol.247 , pp. 117-123
    • Caldeira, K.1    Rampino, M.R.2
  • 45
    • 0025925783 scopus 로고
    • The mid-Cretaceous superplume, carbon dioxide, and global warming
    • Caldeira K, Rampino MR. 1991. The mid-Cretaceous superplume, carbon dioxide, and global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett. 18:987-90
    • (1991) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 987-990
    • Caldeira, K.1    Rampino, M.R.2
  • 48
    • 0036095450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of Nb/U, Th/U and Sm/Nd in plume magmas for the relationship between continental and oceanic crust formation and the development of the depleted mantle
    • Campbell IH. 2002. Implications of Nb/U, Th/U and Sm/Nd in plume magmas for the relationship between continental and oceanic crust formation and the development of the depleted mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66:1651-61
    • (2002) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.66 , pp. 1651-1661
    • Campbell, I.H.1
  • 49
    • 0025660782 scopus 로고
    • Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of floods basalts
    • Campbell IH, Griffiths RW. 1990. Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of floods basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 99:79-93
    • (1990) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.99 , pp. 79-93
    • Campbell, I.H.1    Griffiths, R.W.2
  • 50
    • 0000161351 scopus 로고
    • The changing nature of mantle hotspots through time: Implications for the geochemical evolution of the mantle
    • Campbell IH, Griffiths RW. 1992. The changing nature of mantle hotspots through time: implications for the geochemical evolution of the mantle. J. Geol. 92:497-523
    • (1992) J. Geol. , vol.92 , pp. 497-523
    • Campbell, I.H.1    Griffiths, R.W.2
  • 51
    • 0027849094 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the mantle's chemical structure
    • Campbell IH, Griffiths RW. 1993. The evolution of the mantle's chemical structure. Lithos 30:389-99
    • (1993) Lithos , vol.30 , pp. 389-399
    • Campbell, I.H.1    Griffiths, R.W.2
  • 52
    • 0024251664 scopus 로고
    • A two-stage model for the formation of the granite-greenstone terrains of the Kalgoorlie-Norseman area, Western Australia
    • Campbell IH, Hill RI. 1988. A two-stage model for the formation of the granite-greenstone terrains of the Kalgoorlie-Norseman area, Western Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90:11-25
    • (1988) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.90 , pp. 11-25
    • Campbell, I.H.1    Hill, R.I.2
  • 53
    • 0024568019 scopus 로고
    • Melting in an Archaean mantle plume: Heads it's basalts, tails it's komatiites
    • Campbell IH, Griffiths RW, Hill RI. 1989. Melting in an Archaean mantle plume: heads it's basalts, tails it's komatiites. Nature 339:697-99
    • (1989) Nature , vol.339 , pp. 697-699
    • Campbell, I.H.1    Griffiths, R.W.2    Hill, R.I.3
  • 54
    • 0029768965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precise U-Pb zircon dating of a post-D2 meta-dolerite: Constraints for rapid tectonic development of the southern Adelaide Fold Belt during the Cambrian
    • Chen YD, Liu SF. 1996. Precise U-Pb zircon dating of a post-D2 meta-dolerite: constraints for rapid tectonic development of the southern Adelaide Fold Belt during the Cambrian. J. Geol. Soc. London 153:83-90
    • (1996) J. Geol. Soc. London , vol.153 , pp. 83-90
    • Chen, Y.D.1    Liu, S.F.2
  • 55
    • 0036811033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone hotspot
    • Christiansen RL, Foulger GR, Evans JR. 2002. Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone hotspot. GSA Bull. 114:1245-56
    • (2002) GSA Bull. , vol.114 , pp. 1245-1256
    • Christiansen, R.L.1    Foulger, G.R.2    Evans, J.R.3
  • 56
    • 0141486609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General trend of climatic changes on the Earth during the last 3 Ga
    • Chumakov NM. 2001. General trend of climatic changes on the Earth during the last 3 Ga. Doklady Acad. Nauk 5:1034
    • (2001) Doklady Acad. Nauk , vol.5 , pp. 1034
    • Chumakov, N.M.1
  • 57
    • 84874968142 scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis: Subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental margins, island arcs, spreading ridges and seamounts
    • Cloos M. 1993. Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis: subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental margins, island arcs, spreading ridges and seamounts. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 105:715-37
    • (1993) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.105 , pp. 715-737
    • Cloos, M.1
  • 58
    • 0028193262 scopus 로고
    • Large igneous provinces: Crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences
    • Coffin MF, Eldholm O. 1994. Large igneous provinces: crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences. Rev. Geophys. 32:1-36
    • (1994) Rev. Geophys. , vol.32 , pp. 1-36
    • Coffin, M.F.1    Eldholm, O.2
  • 60
    • 0002717362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of Proterozoic mafic dyke swarms: Constraints from Th/Ta and La/Yb ratios
    • Condie KC. 1997. Sources of Proterozoic mafic dyke swarms: constraints from Th/Ta and La/Yb ratios. Precambrian Res. 81:3-14
    • (1997) Precambrian Res. , vol.81 , pp. 3-14
    • Condie, K.C.1
  • 64
    • 0031404289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis of flood basalts from eclogite-bearing mantle plumes
    • Cordery MC, Davies GF, Campbell IH. 1997. Genesis of flood basalts from eclogite-bearing mantle plumes. J. Geophys. Res. 102:20179-97
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 20179-20197
    • Cordery, M.C.1    Davies, G.F.2    Campbell, I.H.3
  • 65
    • 84870845716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of continental flood basalts on mass extinctions: Where do we stand?
    • Courtillot V, Jaeger JJ, Yang Z, Féraud G, Hofmann C. 1996. The influence of continental flood basalts on mass extinctions: where do we stand? GSA Spec. Pap. 307:513-25
    • (1996) GSA Spec. Pap. , vol.307 , pp. 513-525
    • Courtillot, V.1    Jaeger, J.J.2    Yang, Z.3    Féraud, G.4    Hofmann, C.5
  • 67
    • 0024882867 scopus 로고
    • The role of mantle plumes in the development of continental drainage patterns
    • Cox KG. 1989. The role of mantle plumes in the development of continental drainage patterns. Nature 342:873-77
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 873-877
    • Cox, K.G.1
  • 69
    • 0018913254 scopus 로고
    • Subducted lithosphere, hot spots, and the geoid
    • Crough ST, Jurdy DM. 1980. Subducted lithosphere, hot spots, and the geoid. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 48:15-22
    • (1980) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.48 , pp. 15-22
    • Crough, S.T.1    Jurdy, D.M.2
  • 70
    • 0031869968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demise of the Siberian plume: Paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstruction from the prevolcanic and volcanic record, North-central Siberia
    • Czamanske GK, Gurevitch AB, Fedorenko V, Simonov O. 1998. Demise of the Siberian plume: paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstruction from the prevolcanic and volcanic record, north-central Siberia. Int. Geol. Rev. 40:95-115
    • (1998) Int. Geol. Rev. , vol.40 , pp. 95-115
    • Czamanske, G.K.1    Gurevitch, A.B.2    Fedorenko, V.3    Simonov, O.4
  • 72
    • 0030934939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U-Pb zircon and rutile ages from granulite xenoliths in the Slave Province: Evidence for mafic magmatism in the lower crust coincident with Proterozoic dike swarms
    • Davis WJ. 1997. U-Pb zircon and rutile ages from granulite xenoliths in the Slave Province: evidence for mafic magmatism in the lower crust coincident with Proterozoic dike swarms. Geology 25:343-46
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 343-346
    • Davis, W.J.1
  • 73
    • 0032144744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Archean granites, greenstones, cratons and tectonics; does the evidence demand a verdict?
    • de Wit MJ. 1998. On Archean granites, greenstones, cratons and tectonics; does the evidence demand a verdict? Precambrian Res. 91:181-226
    • (1998) Precambrian Res. , vol.91 , pp. 181-226
    • de Wit, M.J.1
  • 74
    • 0003850720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford Monogr. Geol. Geophys Oxford, UK: Clarendon. 809 pp
    • de Wit MJ, Ashwal LD. 1997. Greenstone Belts. Oxford Monogr. Geol. Geophys. Oxford, UK: Clarendon. 809 pp.
    • (1997) Greenstone Belts
    • de Wit, M.J.1    Ashwal, L.D.2
  • 75
    • 0037703572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ophiolites and oceanic crust: New insights from field studies and the ocean drilling program
    • eds
    • Dilek Y, Moores E, Elthon D, Nicolas A, eds. 2000. Ophiolites and oceanic crust: new insights from field studies and the ocean drilling program. GSA Spec. Pap. pp. 349, 552
    • (2000) GSA Spec. Pap. , pp. 349-552
    • Dilek, Y.1    Moores, E.2    Elthon, D.3    Nicolas, A.4
  • 76
    • 0035708897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle plumes and their geologic manifestations
    • Dobretsov NL, Vernikovsky VA. 2001. Mantle plumes and their geologic manifestations. Int. Geol. Rev. 43:771-87
    • (2001) Int. Geol. Rev. , vol.43 , pp. 771-787
    • Dobretsov, N.L.1    Vernikovsky, V.A.2
  • 78
    • 0141710000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 15 June 2002
    • Earth Impact Database. 2002. http://www. unb.ca/passc/ImpactDatabase/ (Accessed: 15 June 2002)
    • (2002) Earth Impact Database
  • 79
    • 0032558727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cenozoic magmatism throughout East Africa resulting from impact of a single plume
    • Ebinger CJ, Sleep NH. 1998. Cenozoic magmatism throughout east Africa resulting from impact of a single plume. Nature 395:788-91
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 788-791
    • Ebinger, C.J.1    Sleep, N.H.2
  • 80
    • 0141598250 scopus 로고
    • Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: Petrogenetic and tectonic implications
    • Eby GN. 1992. Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology 21:291-306
    • (1992) Geology , vol.21 , pp. 291-306
    • Eby, G.N.1
  • 81
    • 0036264993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of sediment recycling in EM-1 inferred from Os, Pb, Hf, Nd, Sr isotope and trace element systematics of the Pitcairn hotspot
    • Eisele J, Sharma M, Galer SJG, Blichert-Toft J, Devey CW, Hofmann AW. 2002. The role of sediment recycling in EM-1 inferred from Os, Pb, Hf, Nd, Sr isotope and trace element systematics of the Pitcairn hotspot. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 196:197-212
    • (2002) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.196 , pp. 197-212
    • Eisele, J.1    Sharma, M.2    Galer, S.J.G.3    Blichert-Toft, J.4    Devey, C.W.5    Hofmann, A.W.6
  • 83
    • 0033452235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2.7-2.0 Ga volcano-sedimentary record of Africa, India and Australia: Evidence for global and local changes in sea level and continental freeboard
    • Eriksson PG, Mazumder R, Sarkar S, Bose PK, Altermann W, van der Merwe R. 1999. The 2.7-2.0 Ga volcano-sedimentary record of Africa, India and Australia: evidence for global and local changes in sea level and continental freeboard. Precambrian Res. 97:269-302
    • (1999) Precambrian Res. , vol.97 , pp. 269-302
    • Eriksson, P.G.1    Mazumder, R.2    Sarkar, S.3    Bose, P.K.4    Altermann, W.5    van der Merwe, R.6
  • 84
    • 0026442824 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from magnetic fabric for the flow pattern of magma in the Mackenzie giant radiating dyke swarm
    • Ernst RE, Baragar WRA. 1992. Evidence from magnetic fabric for the flow pattern of magma in the Mackenzie giant radiating dyke swarm. Nature 356:511-13
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 511-513
    • Ernst, R.E.1    Baragar, W.R.A.2
  • 85
    • 0031400718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Layered mafic intrusions: A model for their feeder systems and relationship with giant dyke swarms and mantle plume centres
    • Ernst RE, Buchan KL. 1997a. Layered mafic intrusions: a model for their feeder systems and relationship with giant dyke swarms and mantle plume centres. S. Afr. J. Geol. 100:319-34
    • (1997) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.100 , pp. 319-334
    • Ernst, R.E.1    Buchan, K.L.2
  • 91
    • 0001282809 scopus 로고
    • The tectonic settings of continental mafic dyke swarms: Failed arm and early passive margin
    • ed. HC Halls, WF Fahrig, Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap. 34
    • Fahrig WF. 1987. The tectonic settings of continental mafic dyke swarms: failed arm and early passive margin. In Mafic Dyke Swarms, ed. HC Halls, WF Fahrig, pp. 331-48. Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap. 34
    • (1987) Mafic Dyke Swarms , pp. 331-348
    • Fahrig, W.F.1
  • 92
    • 0031394593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical characteristics of aluminum depleted and undepleted komatiites and HREE-enriched low-Ti tholeiites, western Abitibi greenstone belt: A heterogeneous mantle plume-convergent margin environment
    • Fan J, Kerrich R. 1997. Geochemical characteristics of aluminum depleted and undepleted komatiites and HREE-enriched low-Ti tholeiites, western Abitibi greenstone belt: a heterogeneous mantle plume-convergent margin environment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61:4723-44
    • (1997) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.61 , pp. 4723-4744
    • Fan, J.1    Kerrich, R.2
  • 93
    • 0026489972 scopus 로고
    • Binary mixing of enriched and undegassed (primitive?) mantle components (He, Sr, Nd and Pb) in Samoan lavas
    • Farley KA, Natland JH, Craig H. 1992. Binary mixing of enriched and undegassed (primitive?) mantle components (He, Sr, Nd and Pb) in Samoan lavas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 111:183-99
    • (1992) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.111 , pp. 183-199
    • Farley, K.A.1    Natland, J.H.2    Craig, H.3
  • 94
    • 0043266439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the Rb vs. (Y + Nb) discrimination diagram to infer tectonic setting of silicic igneous rocks
    • Förster H-J, Tischendorf G, Trumbull RB. 1997. An evaluation of the Rb vs. (Y + Nb) discrimination diagram to infer tectonic setting of silicic igneous rocks. Lithos 40:261-93
    • (1997) Lithos , vol.40 , pp. 261-293
    • Förster, H.-J.1    Tischendorf, G.2    Trumbull, R.B.3
  • 95
    • 0035953681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep-mantle high-viscosity flow and thermochemical structure inferred from seismic and geodynamic data
    • Forte AM, Mitrovica JX. 2001. Deep-mantle high-viscosity flow and thermochemical structure inferred from seismic and geodynamic data. Nature 410:1049-56
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 1049-1056
    • Forte, A.M.1    Mitrovica, J.X.2
  • 96
    • 0028333384 scopus 로고
    • Geologic implication of the whole mantle P-wave tomography
    • pp. VI-VII (figure 16)
    • Fukao Y, Maruyama S, Obayashi M, Inoue H. 1994. Geologic implication of the whole mantle P-wave tomography. J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. 100:4-23 [pp. VI-VII (figure 16)]
    • (1994) J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.100 , pp. 4-23
    • Fukao, Y.1    Maruyama, S.2    Obayashi, M.3    Inoue, H.4
  • 97
    • 0034789175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stagnant slabs in the upper and lower mantle transition region
    • Fukao Y, Widiyantoro S, Obayashi M. 2001. Stagnant slabs in the upper and lower mantle transition region. Rev. Geophys. 39:291-323
    • (2001) Rev. Geophys. , vol.39 , pp. 291-323
    • Fukao, Y.1    Widiyantoro, S.2    Obayashi, M.3
  • 98
    • 0036190288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major element heterogeneity in Archean to Recent mantle plume startingheads
    • Gibson SA. 2002. Major element heterogeneity in Archean to Recent mantle plume startingheads. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 195:59-74
    • (2002) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.195 , pp. 59-74
    • Gibson, S.A.1
  • 99
    • 0033521134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lower mantle source for central European volcanism
    • Goes S, Spakman W, Bijwaard H. 1999. A lower mantle source for central European volcanism. Science 286:1928-31
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1928-1931
    • Goes, S.1    Spakman, W.2    Bijwaard, H.3
  • 100
    • 0030099647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phanerozoic time scale
    • Gradstein FM, Ogg JG. 1996. A Phanerozoic time scale. Episodes 19:3-5
    • (1996) Episodes , vol.19 , pp. 3-5
    • Gradstein, F.M.1    Ogg, J.G.2
  • 101
    • 0029476832 scopus 로고
    • Imaging a mantle plume beneath the French Massif Central
    • Granet M, Wilson M, Achauer U. 1995. Imaging a mantle plume beneath the French Massif Central. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 136:281-96
    • (1995) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.136 , pp. 281-296
    • Granet, M.1    Wilson, M.2    Achauer, U.3
  • 102
    • 0033607783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core rotational dynamics and geological events
    • Greff-Lefftz M, Legros H. 1999. Core rotational dynamics and geological events. Science 286:1707-9
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1707-1709
    • Greff-Lefftz, M.1    Legros, H.2
  • 103
    • 0002933264 scopus 로고
    • The record of past impacts on Earth
    • ed. T Gehrel, Tucson: Univ. Ariz. Press
    • Grieve RAF, Shoemaker EM. 1994. The record of past impacts on Earth. In Hazards Due to Asteroids and Comets, ed. T Gehrel, pp. 417-62. Tucson: Univ. Ariz. Press
    • (1994) Hazards Due to Asteroids and Comets , pp. 417-462
    • Grieve, R.A.F.1    Shoemaker, E.M.2
  • 104
    • 0032854636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Layered mantle lithosphere in the Lac de Gras area, Slave craton: Composition, structure, and origin
    • Griffin WL, Doyle BJ, Ryan CG, Pearson NJ, O'Reilly SY, et al. 1999. Layered mantle lithosphere in the Lac de Gras area, Slave craton: composition, structure, and origin. J. Petrol. 40:705-27
    • (1999) J. Petrol. , vol.40 , pp. 705-727
    • Griffin, W.L.1    Doyle, B.J.2    Ryan, C.G.3    Pearson, N.J.4    O'Reilly, S.Y.5
  • 106
    • 0026282049 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of mantle plume heads with the Earth's surface and onset of small-scale convection
    • Griffiths RW, Campbell IH. 1991. Interaction of mantle plume heads with the Earth's surface and onset of small-scale convection. J. Geophys. Res. 96:18295-310
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 18295-18310
    • Griffiths, R.W.1    Campbell, I.H.2
  • 107
    • 0002761889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Komatiites from the Komati type section. Barberton, South Africa
    • ed. MJ de Wit, LD Ashwal, Oxford, UK: Oxford Sci
    • Grove TL, de Wit MJ, Dann J. 1997. Komatiites from the Komati type section. Barberton, South Africa. In Greenstone Belts, ed. MJ de Wit, LD Ashwal, pp. 422-37. Oxford, UK: Oxford Sci.
    • (1997) Greenstone Belts , pp. 422-437
    • Grove, T.L.1    de Wit, M.J.2    Dann, J.3
  • 108
    • 0028193268 scopus 로고
    • Superkimberlites: A geodynamic diamond window to the Earth's core
    • Haggerty SE. 1994. Superkimberlites: a geodynamic diamond window to the Earth's core. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 12:57-69
    • (1994) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 57-69
    • Haggerty, S.E.1
  • 110
    • 0033529648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diamond trilogy: Superplumes, supercontinents, and supernovae
    • Haggerty SE. 1999b. A diamond trilogy: superplumes, supercontinents, and supernovae. Science 285:851-60
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 851-860
    • Haggerty, S.E.1
  • 112
    • 0029669256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead and helium isotope evidence from oceanic basalts for a common deep source of mantle plumes
    • Hanan BB, Graham DW. 1996. Lead and helium isotope evidence from oceanic basalts for a common deep source of mantle plumes. Science 272:991-95
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 991-995
    • Hanan, B.B.1    Graham, D.W.2
  • 113
    • 0034511206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SHRIMP zircon age for an Early Cambrian dolerite dyke: An intrusive phase of the Antrim Plateau volcanics of northern Australia
    • Hanley LM, Wingate MTD. 2000. SHRIMP zircon age for an Early Cambrian dolerite dyke: an intrusive phase of the Antrim Plateau volcanics of northern Australia. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 47:1029-40
    • (2000) Aust. J. Earth Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 1029-1040
    • Hanley, L.M.1    Wingate, M.T.D.2
  • 116
    • 8444246917 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous mantle domains: Signatures, genesis and mixing chronologies
    • Hart SR. 1988. Heterogeneous mantle domains: signatures, genesis and mixing chronologies. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90:273-96
    • (1988) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.90 , pp. 273-296
    • Hart, S.R.1
  • 118
    • 0141486615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special issue on the proceedings of the Plumes, Plate and Mineralization '97 symposium
    • ed
    • Hatton CJ, ed. 1997. Special issue on the proceedings of the Plumes, Plate and Mineralization '97 symposium. S. Afr. J. Geol. 100: 267-414
    • (1997) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.100 , pp. 267-414
    • Hatton, C.J.1
  • 119
    • 0028575132 scopus 로고
    • Fluid dynamic and geochemical aspects of entrainment in mantle plumes
    • Hauri EH, Whitehead JA, Hart SR. 1994. Fluid dynamic and geochemical aspects of entrainment in mantle plumes. J. Geophys. Res. 99:24275-300
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 24275-24300
    • Hauri, E.H.1    Whitehead, J.A.2    Hart, S.R.3
  • 120
    • 0034045507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of eastern North American kimberlite magmatism: Continental extension of the Great Meteor hotspot track?
    • Heaman LM, Kjarsgaard BA. 2000. Timing of eastern North American kimberlite magmatism: Continental extension of the Great Meteor hotspot track? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 178:253-68
    • (2000) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.178 , pp. 253-268
    • Heaman, L.M.1    Kjarsgaard, B.A.2
  • 121
    • 0141486617 scopus 로고
    • Primary diamond deposits
    • ed. BH Whiting, R Mason, CJ Hodgson, Soc. Econ. Geol. Spec. Publ
    • Helmstaedt HH. 1993. Primary diamond deposits. In Giant Ore Deposits., ed. BH Whiting, R Mason, CJ Hodgson, Soc. Econ. Geol. Spec. Publ. 2:13-80
    • (1993) Giant Ore Deposits , vol.2 , pp. 13-80
    • Helmstaedt, H.H.1
  • 122
    • 0032445366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase equilibrium constraints on the origin of basalts, picrites, and komatiites
    • Herzberg C, O'Hara MJ. 1998. Phase equilibrium constraints on the origin of basalts, picrites, and komatiites. Earth-Sci. Rev. 44:39-79
    • (1998) Earth-Sci. Rev. , vol.44 , pp. 39-79
    • Herzberg, C.1    O'Hara, M.J.2
  • 123
    • 84879889876 scopus 로고
    • Chicxulub Crater: A possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
    • Hildebrand AR, Penfield GT, Kring DA, Pilkington M, Camargo AZ, et al. 1991. Chicxulub Crater: a possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Geology 19:867-71
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 867-871
    • Hildebrand, A.R.1    Penfield, G.T.2    Kring, D.A.3    Pilkington, M.4    Camargo, A.Z.5
  • 124
    • 0025955979 scopus 로고
    • Starting plumes and continental break-up
    • Hill RI. 1991. Starting plumes and continental break-up. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 104:398-416
    • (1991) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.104 , pp. 398-416
    • Hill, R.I.1
  • 125
    • 0027805014 scopus 로고
    • Mantle plumes and continental tectonics
    • Hill RI. 1993. Mantle plumes and continental tectonics. Lithos 30:193-206
    • (1993) Lithos , vol.30 , pp. 193-206
    • Hill, R.I.1
  • 128
    • 0141486616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-Os and Hf-W isotopic systematics on Os and W metallic nuggests from Southern Tibet
    • Hirata T, Yang J-S. 2002. Re-Os and Hf-W isotopic systematics on Os and W metallic nuggests from Southern Tibet. In Electronic Geosciences, Vol. 7. Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo. http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/10069/ free/conferen/superplu/index.html.
    • (2002) Electronic Geosciences, Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo , vol.7
    • Hirata, T.1    Yang, J.-S.2
  • 129
    • 0030998901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism
    • Hofmann AW. 1997. Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385:219-29
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 219-229
    • Hofmann, A.W.1
  • 130
    • 2942679931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath northern Canada: A Re-Os isotope and PGE study of kimberlite-derived peridotite xenoliths from Somerset Island and a comparison to the Slave and Kaapvaal cratons
    • In press
    • Irvine GJ, Pearson DG, Kjarsgaard BA, Carlson RW, Kopylova MG, Dreibus G. 2003. Evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath northern Canada: A Re-Os isotope and PGE study of kimberlite-derived peridotite xenoliths from Somerset Island and a comparison to the Slave and Kaapvaal cratons. Lithos. In press
    • (2003) Lithos
    • Irvine, G.J.1    Pearson, D.G.2    Kjarsgaard, B.A.3    Carlson, R.W.4    Kopylova, M.G.5    Dreibus, G.6
  • 132
    • 0036121923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of the temporal distribution of high-Mg magmas for mantle plume volcanism through time
    • Isley AE, Abbott DH. 2002. Implications of the temporal distribution of high-Mg magmas for mantle plume volcanism through time. J. Geol. 110:141-58
    • (2002) J. Geol. , vol.110 , pp. 141-158
    • Isley, A.E.1    Abbott, D.H.2
  • 133
    • 0032746444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plume-related mafic volcanism and the deposition of banded iron formation
    • Isley AE, Abbott DH. 1999. Plume-related mafic volcanism and the deposition of banded iron formation. J. Geophys. Res. 104(B7):15461-77
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , Issue.7 B , pp. 15461-15477
    • Isley, A.E.1    Abbott, D.H.2
  • 134
    • 0141598245 scopus 로고
    • J. Geol. Soc. Jpn
    • J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. 1994. J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. 100:1-127
    • (1994) J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.100 , pp. 1-127
  • 139
    • 0034117695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithosphere structure beneath the Phanerozoic intracratonic basins of North America
    • Kaminski E, Jaupart C. 2000. Lithosphere structure beneath the Phanerozoic intracratonic basins of North America. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 178:139-49
    • (2000) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.178 , pp. 139-149
    • Kaminski, E.1    Jaupart, C.2
  • 141
    • 0033583061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositional stratification in the deep mantle
    • Kellogg LH, Hager BH, van der Hilst RD. 1999. Compositional stratification in the deep mantle. Science 283:1881-84
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1881-1884
    • Kellogg, L.H.1    Hager, B.H.2    van der Hilst, R.D.3
  • 142
    • 0030839226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clustering of rising diapirs and plume heads
    • Kelly A, Bercovici D. 1997. The clustering of rising diapirs and plume heads. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24:201-4
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 201-204
    • Kelly, A.1    Bercovici, D.2
  • 145
    • 0033555180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low seismic wavespeed anomaly beneath northwestern India: A seismic signature of the Deccan plume?
    • Kennett BLN, Widiyantoro S. 1999. A low seismic wavespeed anomaly beneath northwestern India: a seismic signature of the Deccan plume? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 165:145-55
    • (1999) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.165 , pp. 145-155
    • Kennett, B.L.N.1    Widiyantoro, S.2
  • 146
    • 84879881863 scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric thinning during the evolution of continental large igneous provinces
    • Kerr AC. 1994. Lithospheric thinning during the evolution of continental large igneous provinces. Geology 22:1027-30
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 1027-1030
    • Kerr, A.C.1
  • 147
    • 0031687890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic plateau formation: A cause of mass extinction and black shale deposition around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary
    • Kerr AC. 1998. Oceanic plateau formation: a cause of mass extinction and black shale deposition around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. J. Geol. Soc. London 155:619-26
    • (1998) J. Geol. Soc. London , vol.155 , pp. 619-626
    • Kerr, A.C.1
  • 148
    • 84874997940 scopus 로고
    • Depleted mantle-plume geochemical signatures: No paradox for plume theories
    • Kerr AC, Saunders AD, Tarney J, Berry NH, Hards VL. 1995. Depleted mantle-plume geochemical signatures: no paradox for plume theories. Geology 23:843-46
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 843-846
    • Kerr, A.C.1    Saunders, A.D.2    Tarney, J.3    Berry, N.H.4    Hards, V.L.5
  • 150
    • 0031438536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of developments in trace-element fingerprinting of geodynamic settings and their implications for mineral exploration
    • Kerrich R, Wyman DA. 1997. Review of developments in trace-element fingerprinting of geodynamic settings and their implications for mineral exploration. Austr. J. Earth Sci. 44:465-87
    • (1997) Austr. J. Earth Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 465-487
    • Kerrich, R.1    Wyman, D.A.2
  • 151
    • 0036150012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositional recycling structure of an Archean super-plume: Nb-Th-U-LREE systematics of Archean komatiites and basalts revisited
    • Kerrich R, Xie Q. 2002. Compositional recycling structure of an Archean super-plume: Nb-Th-U-LREE systematics of Archean komatiites and basalts revisited. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 142:476-84
    • (2002) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.142 , pp. 476-484
    • Kerrich, R.1    Xie, Q.2
  • 153
    • 0030825678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and origin of aluminous A-type granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia
    • King PL, White AJR, Chappell BW, Allen CM. 1997. Characterization and origin of aluminous A-type granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia. J. Pet. 38:371-91
    • (1997) J. Pet. , vol.38 , pp. 371-391
    • King, P.L.1    White, A.J.R.2    Chappell, B.W.3    Allen, C.M.4
  • 154
    • 0001964549 scopus 로고
    • Intracratonic basins
    • ed. CJ Busby, RV Ingersoll, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Sci
    • Klein GD. 1995. Intracratonic basins. In Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins, ed. CJ Busby, RV Ingersoll, pp. 459-78. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Sci.
    • (1995) Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins , pp. 459-478
    • Klein, G.D.1
  • 155
    • 0035012885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a rheologically strong chemical mantle root beneath the Ontong-Java Plateau
    • Klosko ER, Russo RM, Okal EA, Richardson WP. 2001. Evidence for a rheologically strong chemical mantle root beneath the Ontong-Java Plateau. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 186:347-61
    • (2001) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.186 , pp. 347-361
    • Klosko, E.R.1    Russo, R.M.2    Okal, E.A.3    Richardson, W.P.4
  • 156
    • 0027388461 scopus 로고
    • A plume-generated segment of the rifted margin of Laurentia, southern Canadian Appalachians, seen through a completed Wilson Cycle
    • Kumarapeli PS. 1993. A plume-generated segment of the rifted margin of Laurentia, southern Canadian Appalachians, seen through a completed Wilson Cycle. Tectonophysics 219:47-55
    • (1993) Tectonophysics , vol.219 , pp. 47-55
    • Kumarapeli, P.S.1
  • 157
    • 84879888856 scopus 로고
    • Latest pulse of Earth: Evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume
    • Larson RL. 1991a. Latest pulse of Earth: evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume. Geology 19:547-50
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 547-550
    • Larson, R.L.1
  • 158
    • 84874973906 scopus 로고
    • Geological consequences of superplumes
    • Larson RL. 1991b. Geological consequences of superplumes. Geology 19:963-66
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 963-966
    • Larson, R.L.1
  • 159
    • 0031404579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superplumes and ridge interactions between Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus and the Nova-Canton Trough
    • Larson RL. 1997. Superplumes and ridge interactions between Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus and the Nova-Canton Trough. Geology 25:779-82
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 779-782
    • Larson, R.L.1
  • 160
    • 0026288008 scopus 로고
    • Mantle plumes control magnetic reversal frequency
    • Larson RL, Olson P. 1991. Mantle plumes control magnetic reversal frequency. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 107:437-47
    • (1991) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.107 , pp. 437-447
    • Larson, R.L.1    Olson, P.2
  • 162
    • 0033787753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUGS reclassification of the high-Mg and picritic rocks
    • Le Bas MJ. 2000. IUGS reclassification of the high-Mg and picritic rocks. J. Pet. 41:1467-70
    • (2000) J. Pet. , vol.41 , pp. 1467-1470
    • Le Bas, M.J.1
  • 163
    • 0035066212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle plumes and flood basalts: Enhanced melting from plume ascent and an eclogite component
    • Leitch AM, Davies GD. 2001. Mantle plumes and flood basalts: enhanced melting from plume ascent and an eclogite component. J. Geophys. Res. 106:2047-59
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 2047-2059
    • Leitch, A.M.1    Davies, G.D.2
  • 164
    • 0033619608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The breakup of Rodinia: Did it start with a mantle plume beneath South China?
    • Li ZX, Li XH, Kinny PD, Wang J. 1999. The breakup of Rodinia: Did it start with a mantle plume beneath South China? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 173:171-81
    • (1999) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.173 , pp. 171-181
    • Li, Z.X.1    Li, X.H.2    Kinny, P.D.3    Wang, J.4
  • 165
    • 0037430791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of Neoproterozoic syn-rift magmatism in the Yangtze Craton, South China and correlations with other continents: Evidence for a mantle superplume that broke up Rodinia
    • In press
    • Li ZX, Li XH, Kinny PD, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhou H. 2003. Geochronology of Neoproterozoic syn-rift magmatism in the Yangtze Craton, South China and correlations with other continents: evidence for a mantle superplume that broke up Rodinia. Precambrian Res. In press
    • (2003) Precambrian Res.
    • Li, Z.X.1    Li, X.H.2    Kinny, P.D.3    Wang, J.4    Zhang, S.5    Zhou, H.6
  • 166
    • 0032541564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic topography, plate driving forces, and the African superswell
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni C, Silver PG. 1998. Dynamic topography, plate driving forces, and the African superswell. Nature 395: 269-72
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 269-272
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 168
    • 0033377490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal evolution of the mantle following continental aggregation in 3D convection models
    • Lowman JP, Gable CW. 1999. Thermal evolution of the mantle following continental aggregation in 3D convection models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26:2649-52
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 2649-2652
    • Lowman, J.P.1    Gable, C.W.2
  • 169
    • 0010376332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mafic magmatism through time
    • eds
    • Ludden JN, Arndt NT, Francis D, eds. 1996. Mafic magmatism through time. Lithos (Spec. Issue) 37:79-280
    • (1996) Lithos , vol.37 , Issue.SPEC. ISSUE , pp. 79-280
    • Ludden, J.N.1    Arndt, N.T.2    Francis, D.3
  • 170
    • 0036694277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of regional sea level by surface uplift and subsidence caused by magmatic underplating of Earth's crust
    • Maclennan J, Lovell B. 2002. Control of regional sea level by surface uplift and subsidence caused by magmatic underplating of Earth's crust. Geology 30:675-78
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 675-678
    • Maclennan, J.1    Lovell, B.2
  • 173
    • 0035951191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'multiple impacts hypothesis' for mass extinction: A comparison of the Late Devonian and the late Eocene
    • McGhee GR Jr. 2001. The 'multiple impacts hypothesis' for mass extinction: a comparison of the Late Devonian and the late Eocene. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 176:47-58
    • (2001) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.176 , pp. 47-58
    • McGhee G.R., Jr.1
  • 174
    • 0031846433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superswells
    • McNutt MK. 1998. Superswells. Rev. Geophys. 36:211-44
    • (1998) Rev. Geophys. , vol.36 , pp. 211-244
    • McNutt, M.K.1
  • 177
    • 0010362699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact-induced volcanism: A geologic myth
    • GSA Annu. Meet., Boston
    • Melosh HJ. 2001. Impact-induced volcanism: a geologic myth. Abstr. Progr. 33 (No. 6):A433. GSA Annu. Meet., Boston
    • (2001) Abstr. Progr. , vol.33 , Issue.6
    • Melosh, H.J.1
  • 180
    • 0022879412 scopus 로고
    • A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram
    • Meschede M. 1986. A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chem. Geol. 56:207-18
    • (1986) Chem. Geol. , vol.56 , pp. 207-218
    • Meschede, M.1
  • 182
    • 0027387741 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical erosion and reheating of the lithosphere: A numerical model for hotspot swells
    • Monnereau M, Rabinowicz M, Arquis E. 1993. Mechanical erosion and reheating of the lithosphere: a numerical model for hotspot swells. J. Geophys. Res. 98:809-23
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 809-823
    • Monnereau, M.1    Rabinowicz, M.2    Arquis, E.3
  • 183
    • 0141486613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ophiolites and plumes in Earth history, their tectonic and environmental implications
    • Moores EM. 2002. Ophiolites and plumes in Earth history, their tectonic and environmental implications. In Electronic Geosciences, Vol. 7. Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo. http:// link.springer.de/link/service/journals/10069/ free/conferen/superplu/index.html
    • (2002) Electronic Geosciences, Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo , vol.7
    • Moores, E.M.1
  • 184
    • 3743080052 scopus 로고
    • Convection plumes in the lower mantle
    • Morgan WJ. 1971. Convection plumes in the lower mantle. Nature 230:42-43
    • (1971) Nature , vol.230 , pp. 42-43
    • Morgan, W.J.1
  • 185
    • 78449298241 scopus 로고
    • Plate motions and deep mantle convection
    • ed. R Shagam, RB Hargraves, WJ Morgan, FB Van Houten, CA Burk, et al. New York: Geol. Soc. Am
    • Morgan WJ. 1972. Plate motions and deep mantle convection. In Studies in Earth and Space Sciences. GSA Mem. 132, ed. R Shagam, RB Hargraves, WJ Morgan, FB Van Houten, CA Burk, et al. pp. 7-22. New York: Geol. Soc. Am.
    • (1972) Studies in Earth and Space Sciences. GSA Mem. , vol.132 , pp. 7-22
    • Morgan, W.J.1
  • 186
    • 0031350119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic zircon growth in Archean lower crustal xenoliths, southern Superior craton - A consequence of Matachewn ocean opening
    • Moser DE, Heaman LM. 1997. Proterozoic zircon growth in Archean lower crustal xenoliths, southern Superior craton-a consequence of Matachewn ocean opening: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 128:164-75
    • (1997) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.128 , pp. 164-175
    • Moser, D.E.1    Heaman, L.M.2
  • 187
    • 0000356091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plume-modified orogeny: An example from the western United States
    • Murphy JB, Oppliger GL, Brimhall GH Jr, Hynes A. 1998. Plume-modified orogeny: an example from the western United States. Geology 26: 731-34
    • (1998) Geology , vol.26 , pp. 731-734
    • Murphy, J.B.1    Oppliger, G.L.2    Brimhall G.H., Jr.3    Hynes, A.4
  • 188
  • 190
    • 0032584796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High precision Hf isotope measurements of MORB and OIB by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry: Insights into the depleted mantle
    • Nowell GM, Kempton PD, Noble SR, Fitton JG, Saunders AD, et al. 1998. High precision Hf isotope measurements of MORB and OIB by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry: insights into the depleted mantle. Chem. Geol. 149:211-33
    • (1998) Chem. Geol. , vol.149 , pp. 211-233
    • Nowell, G.M.1    Kempton, P.D.2    Noble, S.R.3    Fitton, J.G.4    Saunders, A.D.5
  • 191
    • 0036282192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle transition-zone structure beneath the South Pacific Superswell and evidence for a mantle plume underlying the Society hotspot
    • Niu F, Solomon SC, Silver PG, Suetsugu D, Inoue H. 2002. Mantle transition-zone structure beneath the South Pacific Superswell and evidence for a mantle plume underlying the Society hotspot. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 198:371-80
    • (2002) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.198 , pp. 371-380
    • Niu, F.1    Solomon, S.C.2    Silver, P.G.3    Suetsugu, D.4    Inoue, H.5
  • 192
    • 0141486612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geological time chart, 2002
    • (Natl. Earth Sci. Ser., Geol. Atlas) Revis
    • Okulitch AV. 2002. Geological time chart, 2002. Geol. Surv. Can., Open File 3040. (Natl. Earth Sci. Ser., Geol. Atlas) Revis.
    • (2002) Geol. Surv. Can., Open File 3040
    • Okulitch, A.V.1
  • 193
    • 0037123640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary
    • Olsen PE, Kent DV, Sues H-D, Koeberl C, Huber H, et al. 2002. Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Science 296:1305-7
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1305-1307
    • Olsen, P.E.1    Kent, D.V.2    Sues, H.-D.3    Koeberl, C.4    Huber, H.5
  • 194
    • 0029731271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits on the mass flux between lower and upper mantle and stability of layering
    • O'Nions RK, Tolstikhin IN. 1996. Limits on the mass flux between lower and upper mantle and stability of layering. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 139:213-22
    • (1996) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.139 , pp. 213-222
    • O'Nions, R.K.1    Tolstikhin, I.N.2
  • 195
    • 0004036411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Balkema. 245 pp
    • Orovetskii YuP. 1999. Mantle Plumes. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Balkema. 245 pp.
    • (1999) Mantle Plumes
    • Orovetskii, Yu.P.1
  • 196
    • 0030860327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A U-Pb age from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) and its use for time scale calibration through error analysis of biochronologic dating
    • Pálfy J, Parrish RR, Smith PL. 1997. A U-Pb age from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) and its use for time scale calibration through error analysis of biochronologic dating. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 146:659-75
    • (1997) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.146 , pp. 659-675
    • Pálfy, J.1    Parrish, R.R.2    Smith, P.L.3
  • 197
    • 84874952507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchrony between Early Jurassic extinction, oceanic anoxic event, and the Karoo-Ferrar flood basalt volcanism
    • Pálfy J, Smith PL. 2000. Synchrony between Early Jurassic extinction, oceanic anoxic event, and the Karoo-Ferrar flood basalt volcanism. Geology 28:747-50
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 747-750
    • Pálfy, J.1    Smith, P.L.2
  • 199
    • 0031720097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chon Aike province of Patagonia and related rocks in West Antarctica: A silicic large igneous province
    • Pankhurst RJ, Leat PT, Sruoga P, Rapela CW, Márquez M, et al. 1998. The Chon Aike province of Patagonia and related rocks in West Antarctica: a silicic large igneous province. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 81:113-36
    • (1998) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 113-136
    • Pankhurst, R.J.1    Leat, P.T.2    Sruoga, P.3    Rapela, C.W.4    Márquez, M.5
  • 200
    • 0031813971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More than one way to stretch: A tectonic model for extension along the plume track of the Yellowstone hotspot and adjacent Basin and Range province
    • Parsons T, Thompson GA, Smith RP. 1998. More than one way to stretch: a tectonic model for extension along the plume track of the Yellowstone hotspot and adjacent Basin and Range province. Tectonics 17:221-34
    • (1998) Tectonics , vol.17 , pp. 221-234
    • Parsons, T.1    Thompson, G.A.2    Smith, R.P.3
  • 201
    • 0029530511 scopus 로고
    • Precambrian orogenesis: Was it really different?
    • Passchier CW. 1995. Precambrian orogenesis: was it really different? Geol. Mijnb. 74:141-50
    • (1995) Geol. Mijnb. , vol.74 , pp. 141-150
    • Passchier, C.W.1
  • 202
    • 0031401118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geotectonic bipolarity-evidence of bicellular convection on the Earth's mantle
    • Pavoni N. 1997. Geotectonic bipolarity-evidence of bicellular convection on the Earth's mantle. S. Afr. J. Geol. 100:291-99
    • (1997) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.100 , pp. 291-299
    • Pavoni, N.1
  • 203
    • 49549167175 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses
    • Pearce JA, Cann JR. 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 19:290-300
    • (1973) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 290-300
    • Pearce, J.A.1    Cann, J.R.2
  • 204
    • 0021364074 scopus 로고
    • Trace element determination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks
    • Pearce JA, Harris NWB, Tindle AG. 1984. Trace element determination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J. Pet. 25:956-83
    • (1984) J. Pet. , vol.25 , pp. 956-983
    • Pearce, J.A.1    Harris, N.W.B.2    Tindle, A.G.3
  • 205
    • 0033386986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age of continental roots
    • Pearson DG. 1999. The age of continental roots. Lithos 48:171-94
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.48 , pp. 171-194
    • Pearson, D.G.1
  • 208
    • 0030753226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: A convulsive event in Atlantic Coastal plain evolution
    • Poag CW. 1997. The Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: a convulsive event in Atlantic Coastal plain evolution. Sediment. Geol. 108:45-90
    • (1997) Sediment. Geol. , vol.108 , pp. 45-90
    • Poag, C.W.1
  • 209
    • 0034056139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends, cycles and nonstationarities in isotope signals of Phanerozoic seawater
    • Prokoph A, Veizer J. 1999. Trends, cycles and nonstationarities in
    • (1999) Chem. Geol. , vol.161 , pp. 225-240
    • Prokoph, A.1    Veizer, J.2
  • 211
    • 0024193967 scopus 로고
    • Flood basalt volcanism during the past 250 million years
    • Rampino MR, Stothers RB. 1988. Flood basalt volcanism during the past 250 million years. Science 241:663-68
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 663-668
    • Rampino, M.R.1    Stothers, R.B.2
  • 218
    • 0001787484 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentation and tectonics of fossil rifts
    • ed. CJ Busby, RV Ingersoll, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Sci
    • Şengör AMC. 1995. Sedimentation and tectonics of fossil rifts. In Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins, ed. CJ Busby, RV Ingersoll, pp. 53-117. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Sci.
    • (1995) Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins , pp. 53-117
    • Şengör, A.M.C.1
  • 221
  • 222
  • 223
    • 0019999490 scopus 로고
    • Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas
    • Shervais JW. 1982. Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 59:101-18
    • (1982) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.59 , pp. 101-118
    • Shervais, J.W.1
  • 224
    • 0031689991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Re-Os isotope system in cosmochemistry and high-temperature geochemistry
    • Shirey SB, Walker RJ. 1998. The Re-Os isotope system in cosmochemistry and high-temperature geochemistry. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 26:423-500
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 423-500
    • Shirey, S.B.1    Walker, R.J.2
  • 225
    • 0025224650 scopus 로고
    • Hotspots and mantle plumes: Some phenomenology
    • Sleep NH. 1990. Hotspots and mantle plumes: some phenomenology. J. Geophys. Res. 95: 6715-36
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 6715-6736
    • Sleep, N.H.1
  • 226
    • 0033490761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The planet beyond the plume hypothesis
    • Smith AD, Lewis C. 1999. The planet beyond the plume hypothesis. Earth-Sci. Rev. 48:135-82
    • (1999) Earth-Sci. Rev. , vol.48 , pp. 135-182
    • Smith, A.D.1    Lewis, C.2
  • 227
    • 0033214540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change as a regulator of tectonics on Venus
    • Solomon SC, Bullock MA, Grinspoon DH. 1999. Climate change as a regulator of tectonics on Venus. Science 286:87-90
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 87-90
    • Solomon, S.C.1    Bullock, M.A.2    Grinspoon, D.H.3
  • 228
    • 0037095325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variations in the geochemistry of komatiites and komatiitic basalts in the Abitibi greenstone belt
    • Sproule RA, Lesher CM, Ayer JA, Thurston PC, Herzberg CT. 2002. Spatial and temporal variations in the geochemistry of komatiites and komatiitic basalts in the Abitibi greenstone belt. Precambrian Res. 115:153-86
    • (2002) Precambrian Res. , vol.115 , pp. 153-186
    • Sproule, R.A.1    Lesher, C.M.2    Ayer, J.A.3    Thurston, P.C.4    Herzberg, C.T.5
  • 229
    • 0027084946 scopus 로고
    • Fossil plume head beneath the Arabian lithosphere?
    • Stein M, Hofmann AW. 1992. Fossil plume head beneath the Arabian lithosphere? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 114:193-209
    • (1992) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.114 , pp. 193-209
    • Stein, M.1    Hofmann, A.W.2
  • 230
    • 0029500916 scopus 로고
    • The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup: Case histories from Gondwanaland
    • Storey BC. 1995. The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup: case histories from Gondwanaland. Nature 377:301-8
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 301-308
    • Storey, B.C.1
  • 231
    • 0031397147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An active mantle mechanism for Gondwana breakup
    • Storey BC, Kyle PR. 1997. An active mantle mechanism for Gondwana breakup. S. Afr. J. Geol. 100:283-90
    • (1997) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.100 , pp. 283-290
    • Storey, B.C.1    Kyle, P.R.2
  • 232
    • 0027464490 scopus 로고
    • Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth in a spherical model of convection in the Earth's mantle
    • Tackley PJ, Stevenson DJ, Glatzmaier GA, Schubert G. 1993. Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth in a spherical model of convection in the Earth's mantle. Nature 361:699-704
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 699-704
    • Tackley, P.J.1    Stevenson, D.J.2    Glatzmaier, G.A.3    Schubert, G.4
  • 233
    • 0032423062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of the Columbia River basalts: Melting model of a heterogeneous plume head
    • Takahashi E, Nakajima K, Wright TL. 1998. Origin of the Columbia River basalts: melting model of a heterogeneous plume head. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 162:63-80
    • (1998) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.162 , pp. 63-80
    • Takahashi, E.1    Nakajima, K.2    Wright, T.L.3
  • 234
    • 0038728329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slabs in the lower mantle and their modulation of plume formation
    • doi:10.1029/2001/GC000238
    • Tan E, Gurnis M, Han L. 2002. Slabs in the lower mantle and their modulation of plume formation. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 3(11):1067 doi:10.1029/2001/GC000238
    • (2002) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.3 , Issue.11 , pp. 1067
    • Tan, E.1    Gurnis, M.2    Han, L.3
  • 235
    • 0000438966 scopus 로고
    • Subcontinental mantle plumes, hotspots and pre-existing thinspots
    • Thompson RN, Gibson SA. 1991. Subcontinental mantle plumes, hotspots and pre-existing thinspots. J. Geol. Soc. London 148:973-77
    • (1991) J. Geol. Soc. London , vol.148 , pp. 973-977
    • Thompson, R.N.1    Gibson, S.A.2
  • 237
    • 0025226648 scopus 로고
    • Secular variation in greenstone sequence development emphasizing Superior Province, Canada
    • Thurston PC, Chivers KM. 1990. Secular variation in greenstone sequence development emphasizing Superior Province, Canada. Precambrian Res. 46:21-58
    • (1990) Precambrian Res. , vol.46 , pp. 21-58
    • Thurston, P.C.1    Chivers, K.M.2
  • 240
    • 0029472336 scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for a fossil mantle plume beneath South America and implications for plate driving forces
    • VanDecar JC, James DE, Assumpçao M. 1995. Seismic evidence for a fossil mantle plume beneath South America and implications for plate driving forces. Nature 378:25-31
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 25-31
    • VanDecar, J.C.1    James, D.E.2    Assumpçao, M.3
  • 241
    • 0030620917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography
    • van der Hilst RD, Widiyantoro S, Engdahl ER. 1997. Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography. Nature 386:578-84
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 578-584
    • van der Hilst, R.D.1    Widiyantoro, S.2    Engdahl, E.R.3
  • 242
    • 0036433301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle mixing: The generation, preservation, and destruction of chemical heterogeneity
    • van Keken PE, Hauri EH, Ballentine CJ. 2002. Mantle mixing: the generation, preservation, and destruction of chemical heterogeneity. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 30:493-525
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 493-525
    • van Keken, P.E.1    Hauri, E.H.2    Ballentine, C.J.3
  • 244
    • 0141486610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing the osmium isotopic compositions of large plumes through Earth history
    • Walker RJ. 2002. Tracing the osmium isotopic compositions of large plumes through Earth history. In Electronic Geosciences, Vol. 7. Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo, http:// link.springer.de/link/service/journals/10069/ free/conferen/superplu/index.html
    • (2002) Electronic Geosciences, Extended Abstr. Photos Superplume Workshop, Tokyo , vol.7
    • Walker, R.J.1
  • 245
    • 0023121867 scopus 로고
    • A-type granites: Geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis
    • Whalen JB, Currie KL, Chappell BW. 1987. A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95:407-19
    • (1987) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.95 , pp. 407-419
    • Whalen, J.B.1    Currie, K.L.2    Chappell, B.W.3
  • 246
    • 0030858458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the pulse of a plume with the sedimentary record
    • White N, Lovell B. 1997. Measuring the pulse of a plume with the sedimentary record. Nature 387:888-91
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 888-891
    • White, N.1    Lovell, B.2
  • 247
    • 0024875682 scopus 로고
    • Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
    • 7685-29
    • White RS, McKenzie D. 1989. Magmatism at rift zones: the generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts. J. Geophys. Res. 94:7685-29
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94
    • White, R.S.1    McKenzie, D.2
  • 248
    • 0029540061 scopus 로고
    • Mantle plumes and flood basalts
    • White RS, McKenzie D. 1995. Mantle plumes and flood basalts. J. Geophys. Res. 100:17543-85
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 17543-17585
    • White, R.S.1    McKenzie, D.2
  • 249
    • 0035067113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions
    • Wignall PB. 2001. Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions. Earth-Sci. Rev. 53:1-33
    • (2001) Earth-Sci. Rev. , vol.53 , pp. 1-33
    • Wignall, P.B.1
  • 250
    • 0028599079 scopus 로고
    • Resonances of the fluid core for a tidally decelerating Earth: Cause of increased plume activity and tectonothermal reworking events?
    • Williams GE. 1994. Resonances of the fluid core for a tidally decelerating Earth: cause of increased plume activity and tectonothermal reworking events? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 128:155-67
    • (1994) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.128 , pp. 155-167
    • Williams, G.E.1
  • 251
    • 0033924262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle plume uplift in the sedimentary record: Origin of kilometre-deep canyons within late Neoproterozoic successions, South Australia
    • Williams GE, Gostin VA. 2000. Mantle plume uplift in the sedimentary record: origin of kilometre-deep canyons within late Neoproterozoic successions, South Australia. J. Geol. Soc. London 157:759-68
    • (2000) J. Geol. Soc. London , vol.157 , pp. 759-768
    • Williams, G.E.1    Gostin, V.A.2
  • 252
    • 0000513275 scopus 로고
    • A possible origin of the Hawaiian Islands
    • Wilson JT. 1963. A possible origin of the Hawaiian Islands. Can. J. Earth Sci. 41:863-70
    • (1963) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 863-870
    • Wilson, J.T.1
  • 253
    • 0037174065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tharsis-radial graben systems as the surface manifestation of plume-related dike intrusion complexes: Models and implications
    • DOI 10.1029/ 2001JE001593
    • Wilson L, Head JW. 2002. Tharsis-radial graben systems as the surface manifestation of plume-related dike intrusion complexes: models and implications. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (E8): 1-1-1-24, DOI 10.1029/ 2001JE001593
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.8 E
    • Wilson, L.1    Head, J.W.2
  • 254
    • 0030758372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal evolution of the Central Atlantic passive margins: Continental break-up above a Mesozoic super-plume
    • Wilson M. 1997. Thermal evolution of the Central Atlantic passive margins: continental break-up above a Mesozoic super-plume. J. Geol. Soc. London 154:491-95
    • (1997) J. Geol. Soc. London , vol.154 , pp. 491-495
    • Wilson, M.1
  • 256
    • 8444246884 scopus 로고
    • Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements
    • Winchester JA, Floyd PA. 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chem. Geol. 20:325-43
    • (1977) Chem. Geol. , vol.20 , pp. 325-343
    • Winchester, J.A.1    Floyd, P.A.2
  • 258
    • 0002924059 scopus 로고
    • The spatial and temporal distribution of carbonatites
    • ed. K Bell, London: Unwin Hyman
    • Woolley AR. 1989. The spatial and temporal distribution of carbonatites. In Carbonatites: Genesis and Evolution, ed. K Bell, pp. 15-37. London: Unwin Hyman
    • (1989) Carbonatites: Genesis and Evolution , pp. 15-37
    • Woolley, A.R.1
  • 259
    • 84979417824 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic cycles and the history of the Earth's biogeochemical and paleoceanographic record
    • Worsley TR, Nance RD, Moody JB. 1986. Tectonic cycles and the history of the Earth's biogeochemical and paleoceanographic record. Paleoceanography 1:233-63
    • (1986) Paleoceanography , vol.1 , pp. 233-263
    • Worsley, T.R.1    Nance, R.D.2    Moody, J.B.3
  • 260
    • 0032709230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 2.7 Ga depleted tholeiite suite: Evidence of plume-arc interaction in the Abitibi belt, Canada
    • Wyman DA. 1999. A 2.7 Ga depleted tholeiite suite: evidence of plume-arc interaction in the Abitibi belt, Canada. Precambrian Res. 97:27-42
    • (1999) Precambrian Res. , vol.97 , pp. 27-42
    • Wyman, D.A.1
  • 261
    • 0000815796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 2.7 Ga komatiite, low Ti tholeiite, arc tholeiite transition, and inferred proto-arc geodynamic setting of the Kidd Creek deposit: Evidence from precise trace element data
    • ed. MD Hannington, CT Barrie, Econ. Geol. Monogr
    • Wyman DA, Bleeker W, Kerrich R. 1999. A 2.7 Ga komatiite, low Ti tholeiite, arc tholeiite transition, and inferred proto-arc geodynamic setting of the Kidd Creek deposit: evidence from precise trace element data. In The Giant Kidd Creek Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Western Abitibi Subprovince, Canada, ed. MD Hannington, CT Barrie, Econ. Geol. Monogr. 10:511-28
    • (1999) The Giant Kidd Creek Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Western Abitibi Subprovince, Canada , vol.10 , pp. 511-528
    • Wyman, D.A.1    Bleeker, W.2    Kerrich, R.3
  • 262
    • 84879888619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of Archean continental lithospheric roots: The role of mantle plumes
    • Wyman DA, Kerrich R. 2002. Formation of Archean continental lithospheric roots: the role of mantle plumes. Geology 30:543-46
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 543-546
    • Wyman, D.A.1    Kerrich, R.2
  • 263
    • 0028601619 scopus 로고
    • Silicate-perovskite and majorite signature komatiites from Archean Abitibi Belt: Implications for early mantle differentiation and stratification
    • Xie Q, Kerrich R. 1994. Silicate-perovskite and majorite signature komatiites from Archean Abitibi Belt: implications for early mantle differentiation and stratification. J. Geophys. Res. 99: 15799-812
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 15799-15812
    • Xie, Q.1    Kerrich, R.2
  • 264
    • 0027840530 scopus 로고
    • HFSE/REE fractionations recorded in three komatiite-basalt sequences, Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: Implications for multiple plume sources and depths
    • Xie Q, Kerrich R, Fan J. 1993. HFSE/REE fractionations recorded in three komatiite-basalt sequences, Archean Abitibi greenstone belt: implications for multiple plume sources and depths. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57:4111-18
    • (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.57 , pp. 4111-4118
    • Xie, Q.1    Kerrich, R.2    Fan, J.3
  • 265
    • 0035160952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic structure and origin of hotspots and mantle plumes
    • Zhao D. 2001. Seismic structure and origin of hotspots and mantle plumes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 192:251-65
    • (2001) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.192 , pp. 251-265
    • Zhao, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.