Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions

Earth Science Reviews

Volumn 53, Issue 1-2, 2001, Pages 1-33

  Wignall, P B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Flood basalts; Global warming; Marine anoxia; Mass extinction; Runaway greenhouse

Indexed keywords

ANOXIA; FLOOD BASALT; GLOBAL WARMING; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE; MASS EXTINCTION;

EID: 0035067113     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00037-4     Document Type: Article

References (232)

1. Diversity analysis of lower Jurassic bivalves of the Andean basin and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian mass extinction
2. Decline of the Maastrichtian pelagic ecosystem based on planktonic foraminifera assemblage change: Implication for the terminal cretaceous faunal crisis
3. 187Os systematics
4. Terrestrial maria; the origins of large basalt plateaus, hotspots tracks, and spreading ridges
5. Extraterrestrial cause for the cretaceous-tertiary extinction: Experimental results and theoretical interpretation
6. The sublithospheric mantle as the source of continental flood basalts; the case against the continental lithosphere and plume head reservoirs
7. Humpty dumpty and holmes
8. Plume heads, continental lithosphere, flood basalts and tomography
9. Mantle and crustal contributions to continental flood basalt volcanism
10. Role of volcanism in climate and evolution
11. Mechanisms of climate warming at the end of the Palacocene
12. Cretaceous age for Ir-rich deccan intertrappean deposits: Palaeontological evidence from Anjar, western India
13. Timing and duration of mesozoic-tertiary flood basalt volcanism
14. 39Ar dating of the Siberian Traps, USSR: Evaluation of the ages of the two major extinction events relative to episodes of flood-basalt volcanism in the USSR and the deccan traps
15. Changing biologic selectivity of extinction in the foraminifera over the past 150 m.y
16. A neoproterozoic flood basalt province in southern-central Australia: Geochemical and Nd isotope evidence from basin fill
17. Global environmental changes preceding the cretaceous-tertiary boundary: Early-late Maastrichtian transition
18. Evolution of antarctic waters during the Maastrichtian: Foraminifera oxygen and carbon isotope ratios ODP
19. High-He-3 plume origin and temporal-spatial evolution of the Siberian flood basalts
20. Kellwasser events and goniatite successions in the devonian of the Montagne Noire with comments on possible causations
21. 2 and temperature spike across the palaeocene-eocene transition in NW Europe
22. A new look at the long-term carbon cycle
23. Impact did not trigger deccan volcanism: Evidence from anjar K/T bounrary intertrappean sediments
24. U/Pb zircon geochronology and tempo of the end-Permian mass extinction
25. Timing and paleoceanography of oceanic dysoxia/anoxia in the late barremian to early aptian (early cretaceous)
26. High resolution records of the late Paleocene thermal maximum and circum-caribbean volcanism: Is there a causal link?
27. The cretaceous-tertiary extinction: A lethal mechanism involving anhydrite target rocks
28. Dinoflagellate-based sea surface temperature reconstructions across the cretaceous-tertiary boundary
29. The influence of volcanic eruptions on solar radiation incoming to the earth's surface
30. Deccan volcanism, greenhouse warming, and the cretaceous/tertiary boundary
31. The age of the Permian-Triassic boundary
32. Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts
33. Synchronism of the siberian traps and the permian-triassic boundary
34. Plume-lithosphere interaction in generation of the emeishan flood basalts at the permian-triassic boundary
35. The Emeishan flood basalt in SW China; a mantle plume initiation model and its connection with continental breakup and mass extinction at the permian-triassic boundary
36. Crises and extinction in the fossil record-a role for ultraviolet radiation
37. Scratching the surface: Estimating dimensions of large igneous provinces
38. Large igneous provinces: Crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences
39. Sedimentary evidence of the Permian/Triassic global crisis induced by the Siberian hotspot
40. Evaluating the frasnian-famennian mass extinction: Comparing brachiopod faunas
41. Genesis of flood basalts from eclogite-bearing mantle plumes
42. What caused the mass extinction? A volcanic eruption
43. Mass extinctions in the last 300 million years: One impact and seven flood basalts
44. Magnetic field reversals, polar wandering, and core-mantle coupling
45. Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
46. Deccan flood basalts and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
47. On causal links between flood basalts and continental break-up
48. Global volcanic catastrophes?
49. The role of mantle plumes in the development of continental drainage patterns
50. Demise of the Siberian plume; Paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstruction from the prevolcanic and volcanic record, north-central Siberia
51. Age of Jurassic continental tholeiites of French Guyana, Surinam and Guinea: Implications for the initial opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean
52. Estimates of sulfur and chlorine yield to the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions and potential climatic effects
53. The blast in the past
54. Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene
55. Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas-hydrate reservoir
56. Rapid eruption of the Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary
57. The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana
58. U/Pb zircon and baddeleytic ages for the Palisades and Gettysburg sills of the northeastern United States: Implications for the age of the Triassic/Jurassic boundary
59. Environmental impact of volcanic margin formation
60. Giant radiating dike swarms: Their use in identifying pre-Mesozoic large igneous provinces and mantle plumes
61. Testing for the causal relationships between large pyroclastic volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions
62. The palynofloral succession and palynological events in the Permo-Triassic boundary interval in Israel
63. Numerical investigations of the mantle plume initiation model for flood basalt events
64. 2 flux into the atmosphere during the final consolidation of Pangaea
65. Did Deccan volcanism predate the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition?
66. Time calibration of Triassic-Jurassic microfloral turnover, eastern North America
67. Tectonic forcings of Maastrichtian ocean-climate evolution
68. Meterological impingnations and conjectures
69. Vertical mixing and coral death in the Red Sea following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo
70. South Atlantic volcanic margins
71. A Mesozoic time-scale
72. Regional warming of the lower atmosphere in the wake of volcanic eruptions: The role of the Laki fissure eruption in the hot summer of 1783
73. Cyclothems, transgressions and faunal change in the Lias of North West Europe
74. Radiations and extinctions in relation to environmental change in the marine Jurassic of north west Europe
75. The end-Triassic mass extinction event
76. Discussion on oceanic plateau formation: A cause of mass extinction and black shale deposition around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary
77. Mass extinctions and sea-level changes
78. Facies change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in Nevada, USA
79. New evidence for geologically instantaneous emplacement of earliest Jurassic Central Atlantic magmatic province basalts on the North American margin
80. Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic (250 millions years ago to present)
81. Basaltic volcanism, mantle plumes, and the mechanism of rifting: The Paraná flood basalt province of South America
82. Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event
83. Starting plumes and continental breakup
84. Radiolarian faunal change through the cretaceous-tertiary transition of eastern Marlborough, New Zealand
85. Events near the Permian-Triassic boundary
86. Cretaceous/Tertiary and Permian/Triassic boundary events compared
87. A unique geochemical record at the Permian/Triassic boundary
88. The Permian-Triassic of the Gartnerkofel-1 core (Carnic Alps, Austria): Synthesis and conclusions
89. Magmatism and metamorphism in the Ladakh Himalayas (the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone)
90. Carbon isotope anomalies at era boundaries: Global catastrophes and their ultimate cause
91. Magnetostratigraphic investigations of an Emeishan basalts section in western Guizhou Province, southwest China
92. Gigantic Ordovician volcanic ash fall in North America and Europe: Biological, tectonomagnetic and event-stratigraphy significance
93. Permo-Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: Records from lost deep sea
94. Paleontological view of the ages of the Deccan Traps, the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, and the India-Asia collision
95. The early Toarcian (Jurassic) anoxic event: Stratigraphic, sedimentary and geochemical evidence
96. Mesozoic anoxic events and palaeoclimate
97. Internal stratigraphic relationships in the Etendeka Group in the Huab Basin, NW Namibia: Understanding the onset of flood volcanism
98. The Permian of China and its interregional correlation
99. Two phases of the end-Permian mass extinction
100. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal extinction events during the last 100 m.y
101. End-Cenomanian benthic foraminiferal extinctions and oceanic dysoxic events in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
102. Oceanic primary productivity and dissolved oxygen levels at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Their decrease, subsequent warming, and recovery
103. A minimum U-Pb age for Siberian flood-basalt volcanism
104. The source and fate of massive carbon input during the latest Paleocene thermal maximum
105. Violent volcanism, stagnant oceans and some inferences regarding petroleum, strata-bound ores and mass extinctions
106. Abrupt deep-sea warming, palaeoceanographic changes and benthic extinctions at the end of the Palaeocene
107. Oceanic plateau formation: A cause of mass extinction and black shale deposition around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary
108. The influence of Deccan volcanism on climate: Insights from lacustrine intertrappean deposits, Anjar, western India
109. An alternative mechanism of flood basalt formation
110. The record of early Tertiary volcanism in sediments of the North Sea Basin
111. Correlation between isotope records in marine and continental carbon reservoirs near the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary
112. Some aspects of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) and of the possible causes for the biotic crisis around this boundary
113. 2 concentration during Cretaceous times
114. Insect diversity in the fossil record: Myth and reality
115. Geological consequences of superplumes
116. Latest pulse of earth: Evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume
117. Annual volcanic carbon dioxide emission: An estimate from eruption chronologies
118. Main events in Permian history of the Tethys and fusulinids
119. The breakup of Rodinia: Did it start with a mantle plume beneath South China?
120. Early Jurassic mass extinction: A global long-term event
121. Mantle plumes and the periodicity of magnetic field reversals
122. On impacts as a cause of geomagnetic field reversals or flood basalts
123. A model of correlated episodicity in magnetic-field reversals, climate, and mass extinctions
124. Reorganization of deep ocean circulation accompanying a Late Cretaceous extinction event
125. Parallel trends in organic and inorganic carbon isotopes across the Permian/Triassic boundary
126. Geochemistry and geochronology of Leg 130 basement lavas: Nature and origin of the Ontong Java Plateau
127. Sudden and gradual molluscan extinctions in the latest Cretaceous of western European Tethys
128. Sr and Nd isotopes at the Permian/Triassic boundary: A record of climate change
129. Extensive 200-million-year-old continental flood basalts of the central Atlantic magamatic province
130. Major volcanic eruptions and climate: A critical evaluation
131. Strontium isotope profile of the early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event, the duration of ammonite biozones, and belemnite palaeotemperatures
132. A paradigm for endogenous causation of mass extinctions
133. Fossil plants and global warming at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary
134. Broad-terrane Jurassic flood basalts across north-eastern North America
135. Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctions and possible terrestrial and extraterrestrial causes
136. Mantle degassing unification of the Trans-K-T geobiological record
137. A geological map of the southern Deccan Traps. India and its structural implications
138. The age and duration of flood basalt magmatism: Geochemical and palaeomagnetic constraints from the Siberian Province
139. Permian and Early Triassic isotopic records of carbon and strontium in Australia and a scenario of events about the Permian-Triassic boundary
140. Determination of the Permian-Triassic boundary in Australia from carbon isotope stratigraphy
141. Deep mantle convection plumes and plate motion
142. Flood basalts and mass extinctions
143. The upper Permian and lower Triassic in Kashmir, India
144. Carbon cycling and chronology of climate warming during the Palaeocene/Eocene transition
145. The cretaceous-tertiary transition
146. Late Cretaceous and paroxysmal Cretaceous/Tertiary extinctions
147. Giant lava flows, mass extinctions, and mantle plumes
148. Causal? Association of the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction and Pangean flood basalt -a matter of timing
149. Synchrony between Early Jurassic extinction, oceanic anoxic event, and the Karoo-Ferrar flood basalt volcanism
150. A U-Pb age from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) and its use for time scale calibration through error analysis of biochronologic dating
151. Timing the end-Triassic mass extinction: First on land, then in the sea?
152. Evidence for the occurence of Permian Panjal Trap Basalts in the Lesser- and Higher-Himalayas of the Western Syntaxis Area, NE Pakistan
153. Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Koshak, Kazakhstan, based on plamktic foraminifera and clay mineralogy
154. Stratigraphic evidence for the Siberian-Laurentia connection and early Cambrian rifting
155. Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in volcanic eruption clouds
156. Volcanic explosions and climate change: At theoretical assessment
157. Implications of the infra-and inter-trappean biota from the Deccan, India, for the rol of volcanism in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinctions
158. Frasnian-Famennian biotic crisis: Undervalued tectonic control?
159. Impact cratering and flood basalt volcanism
160. Volcanic winter and accelerated glaciation following the Toba super eruption
161. Flood basalt volcanism during the past 250 million years
162. Periodicity of extinctions in the geologic past
163. Rapid eruption of the Siberian Traps flood basalts at the Permo-Triassic boundary
164. The age of the Parana flood volcanism, rifting of Gondwanaland, and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary
165. Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism
166. Age of the Ponta Grossa dike swarm (Brazil), and implications to Parana flood volcanism
167. 39Ar dating
168. Permian-Triassic life crisis on land
169. Postapocalyptic greenhouse paleoclimate revealed by earliest Triassic paleosols in the Sydney Basin
170. Landscape ecological shift at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Australia
171. Flood basalts and hotspot tracks: Plume heads and tails
172. Antarctic subtropical humid episode at the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary: Clay-mineral evidence
173. Volcanoes as agents of past environmental change
174. The lower boundary and biostratigraphy of the nonmarine Triassic in Siberia
175. Lower boundary of nonmarine Triassic of Siberia
176. The formation and fate of large oceanic igenous provinces
177. The North Atlantic Igneous Province
178. Emplacement of continental flood basalt lava flows
179. Mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic oceans: A review
180. Patterns of Phanerozoic extinction: A perspective from global data bases
181. Siberian traps
182. A historical approach to continental flood basalt volcanism: Insight into pre-volcanic rifting, sedimentation, and early alkali magmatism
183. Volcanic pollution and climate: The 1783 Laki eruption
184. Evidence for volcanic loading of the atmosphere and climatic response
185. Assessment of atmospheric impact of volcanic eruptions
186. The impact of the Cretaceous/Tertiary bolide on evaporite terrane and generation of major sulfuric acid aerosol
187. Potential links between ocean plateau volcanism and global ocean anoxia at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary
188. A double mass extinction at the end of the Palaeozoic era
189. Timing of hot spot-related volcanism and the breakup of Madagascar and India
190. 39Ar geochronology of the West Greenland Tertiary volcanic province
191. Flood basalts and extinction events
192. Periodicity in flood basalts, mass extinctions, and impacts; a statistical view and a model
193. Rapid formation of Ontong Java Plateau by Aptian mantle plume volcanism
194. Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates
195. Sulfur, chlorine, and fluorine degassing and atmospheric loading by the 1783-1784 AD Laki (Skaftár Fires) eruption in Iceland
196. Permian-Carboniferous and Permian-Triassic magmatism in the rift zone bordering the Tethyan margin of southern Pangea
197. Turning point in Pangean environmental history at the Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary
198. Did Deccan volcanism predate the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition?
199. 39Ar age of Siberian basaltic volcanism
200. The terminal Paleozoic fungal event: Evidence of terrestrial ecosystem destabilization and collapse
201. Evidence for global synchronism in mantle plume convection and possible significance for geology
202. Volcanogenic upwelling of anoxic, nutrient-rich water: A possible factor in carbonate-bank/reef demise and benthic faunal extinctions?
203. 13C evidence from British Columbia, Canada
204. Synthesis and revision of groups within the Newark Supergroup, eastern North America
205. Magentostratigraphy of the lower Triassic volcanics from deep drill SG6 in western Siberia: Evidence for long-lasting Permo-Triassic volcanic activity
206. Igneous outbursts and mass extinctions
207. Melt production rates in mantle plumes
208. Measuring the pulse of a plume with the sedimentary record
209. Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
210. The geochemistry of Indian bole horizons: Palaeoenvironmental implications of Deccan intravolcanic palaeosurfaces
211. A post K-T boundary (Early Palaeocene) age for the Deccan-type feeder dykes
212. Anoxia as a cause of the Permian/Triassic extinction: Facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States
213. Griesbachian (earliest Triassic) palaeoenvironmental changes in the Salt Range, Pakistan and southwest China and their bearing on the Permo-Triassic mass extinction
214. Facies change and the end-Permian mass extinction in S.E. Sichuan, China
215. Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction
216. Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Permian/Triassic boundary at Shangsi (N. Sichuan, China)
217. The timing of palaeoenvironmental changes at the Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary using conodont biostratigraphy
218. org. chemostratigraphy, Fe and S geochemistry, facies, fauna and trace fossils
219. Magmatism and the geodynamics of rifting of the Pripyat-Dnieper Donets rift, East European Platform
220. A model of plumes above basaltic fissure eruptions
221. Carbon isotope and iridium event markers near the Permian/Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Zhejiang Province, China
222. The effects of volcanism on the Permo-Triassic mass extinction in South China
223. Potential atmospheric impact of the Toba mega-eruption ∼ 71 000 years ago
224. Traps of the Siberian platform
225. On the genesis of trapp magmatism of the Siberian platform