Biological functions of tumor necrosis factor cytokines and their receptors

Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 185-191

  Pfeffer, Klaus ^a  

^a HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Gene disruption; Host defense; Inflammation; Lymphoid organogenesis; Sepsis

Indexed keywords

CD28 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR;

APOPTOSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNITY; B LYMPHOCYTE; BRAIN MALARIA; CACHEXIA; CELL POPULATION; CELL SURFACE; CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; GENE TARGETING; HOST RESISTANCE; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNITY; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; LYMPHOID ORGAN; MALARIA; MEDIATOR; MEDIATOR RELEASE; NONHUMAN; ORGANOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RECEPTOR INTRINSIC ACTIVITY; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK; TUMOR CELL;

EID: 0037644804     PISSN: 13596101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6101(03)00022-4     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Granger GA, Shacks SJ, Williams TW, Kolb WP. Lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxicity: specific release of lymphotoxin-like materials from tuberculin-sensitive lymphoid cells. Nature 1969;221:1155-7.
2. Carswell EA, Old LJ, Kassel RL, Green S, Fiore N, Williamson B. An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975;72:3666-70.
3. Locksley RM, Killeen N, Lenardo MJ. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell 2001;104:487-501.
4. Beutler B, Cerami A. Cachectin and tumour necrosis factor as two sides of the same biological coin. Nature 1986;320:584-8.
5. Smith CA, Farrah T, Goodwin RG. The TNF receptor superfamily of cellular and viral proteins: activation, costimulation, and death. Cell 1994;76:959-62.
6. Ware CF, VanArsdale TL, Crowe PD, Browning JL. The ligands and receptors of the lymphotoxin system. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1995;198:175-218.
7. Gray PW, Aggarwal BB, Benton CV, Bringman TS, Henzel WJ, Jarrett JA, et al. Cloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphokine with tumour necrosis activity. Nature 1984;312:721-4.
8. Pennica D, Nedwin GE, Hayflick JS, Seeburg PH, Derynck R, Palladino MA, et al. Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure. Nature 1984;312:724-9.
9. Granger SW, Ware CF. Turning on LIGHT. J Clin Invest 2001;108:1741-2.
10. Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 1998;281:1305-8.
11. Wallach D, Varfolomeev EE, Malinin NL, Goltsev YV, Kovalenko AV, Boldin MP. Tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas signaling mechanisms. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:331-67.
12. Migone TS, Zhang J, Luo X, Zhuang L, Chen C, Hu B, et al. TL1A is a TNF-like ligand for DR3 and TR6/DcR3 and functions as a T cell costimulator. Immunity 2002;16:479-92.
13. Kwon B, Youn BS, Kwon BS. Functions of newly identified members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor/ligand superfamilies in lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 1999;11:340-5.
14. Eck MJ, Sprang SR. The structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 2.6 Å resolution. Implications for receptor binding. J Biol Chem 1989;264:17595-605.
15. Banner DW, D'Arcy A, Janes W, Gentz R, Schoenfeld HJ, Broger C, et al. Crystal structure of the soluble human 55 kd TNF receptor-human TNF beta complex: implications for TNF receptor activation. Cell 1993;73:431-45.
16. Idriss HT, Naismith JH. TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s). Microsc Res Tech 2000;50:184-95.
17. Karpusas M, Hsu YM, Wang JH, Thompson J, Lederman S, Chess L, et al. A crystal structure of an extracellular fragment of human CD40 ligand. Structure 1995;3:1031-9.
18. McWhirter SM, Pullen SS, Holton JM, Crute JJ, Kehry MR, Alber T. Crystallographic analysis of CD40 recognition and signaling by human TRAF2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:8408-13.
19. Mauri DN, Ebner R, Montgomery RI, Kochel KD, Cheung TC, Yu GL, et al. LIGHT, a new member of the TNF superfamily, and lymphotoxin alpha are ligands for herpesvirus entry mediator. Immunity 1998;8:21-30.
20. Pfeffer K, Matsuyama T, Kundig TM, Wakeham A, Kishihara K, Shahinian A, et al. Mice deficient for the 55 kd tumor necrosis factor receptor are resistant to endotoxic shock, yet succumb to L. monocytogenes infection. Cell 1993;73:457-67.
21. Tartaglia LA, Rothe M, Hu YF, Goeddel DV. Tumor necrosis factor's cytotoxic activity is signaled by the p55 TNF receptor. Cell 1993;73:213-6.
22. De Togni P, Goellner J, Ruddle NH, Streeter PR, Fick A, Mariathasan S, et al. Abnormal development of peripheral lymphoid organs in mice deficient in lymphotoxin. Science 1994;264:703-7.
23. Banks TA, Rouse BT, Kerley MK, Blair PJ, Godfrey VL, Kuklin NA, et al. Lymphotoxin-alpha-deficient mice. Effects on secondary lymphoid organ development and humoral immune responsiveness. J Immunol 1995;155:1685-93.
24. Alimzhanov MB, Kuprash DV, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Luz A, Turetskaya RL, Tarakhovsky A, et al. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid tissues in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:9302-7.
25. Koni PA, Sacca R, Lawton P, Browning JL, Ruddle NH, Flavell RA. Distinct roles in lymphoid organogenesis for lymphotoxins alpha and beta revealed in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice. Immunity 1997;6:491-500.
26. Korner H, Cook M, Riminton DS, Lemckert FA, Hoek RM, Ledermann B, et al. Distinct roles for lymphotoxin-alpha and tumor necrosis factor in organogenesis and spatial organization of lymphoid tissue. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:2600-9.
27. Pasparakis M, Alexopoulou L, Episkopou V, Kollias G. Immune and inflammatory responses in TNF alpha-deficient mice: a critical requirement for TNF alpha in the formation of primary B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, and in the maturation of the humoral immune response. J Exp Med 1996;184:1397-411.
28. Marino MW, Dunn A, Grail D, Inglese M, Noguchi Y, Richards E, et al. Characterization of tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:8093-8.
29. Futterer A, Mink K, Luz A, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Pfeffer K. The lymphotoxin beta receptor controls organogenesis and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Immunity 1998;9:59-70.
30. Kuprash DV, Alimzhanov MB, Tumanov AV, Anderson AO, Pfeffer K, Nedospasov SA, et al. TNF and lymphotoxin beta cooperate in the maintenance of secondary lymphoid tissue microarchitecture but not in the development of lymph nodes. J Immunol 1999;163:6575-80.
31. Ye Q, Fraser CC, Gao W, Wang L, Busfield SJ, Wang C, et al. Modulation of LIGHT-HVEM costimulation prolongs cardiac allograft survival. J Exp Med 2002;195:795-800.
32. Tamada K, Ni J, Zhu G, Fiscella M, Teng B, Van Deursen JM, et al. Cutting edge: selective impairment of CD8(+) T cell function in mice lacking the TNF superfamily member LIGHT. J Immunol 2002;168:4832-5.
33. Scheu S, Alferink J, Potzel T, Barchet W, Kalinke U, Pfeffer K. Targeted disruption of light causes defects in costimulatory T cell activation and reveals cooperation with lymphotoxin beta in mesenteric lymph node genesis. J Exp Med 2002;195:1613-24.
34. Tartaglia LA, Ayres TM, Wong GH, Goeddel DV. A novel domain within the 55 kd TNF receptor signals cell death. Cell 1993;74: 845-53.
35. Plitz T, Huffstadt U, Endres R, Schaller E, Mak TW, Wagner H, et al. The resistance against Listeria monocytogenes and the formation of germinal centers depend on a functional death domain of the 55 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor. Eur J Immunol 1999;29:581-91.
36. Havell EA. Evidence that tumor necrosis factor has an important role in antibacterial resistance. J Immunol 1989;143:2894-9.
37. Kato K, Nakane A, Minagawa T, Kasai N, Yamamoto K, Sato N, et al. Human tumor necrosis factor increases the resistance against Listeria infection in mice. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 1989;178:337-46.
38. Nakane A, Minagawa T, Kato K. Endogenous tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is essential to host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun 1988;56:2563-9.
39. Blanchard DK, Friedman H, Klein TW, Djeu JY. Induction of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor by Legionella pneumophila: augmentation of human neutrophil bactericidal activity. J Leukoc Biol 1989;45:538-45.
40. Hauser T, Frei K, Zinkernagel RM, Leist TP. Role of tumor necrosis factor in Listeria resistance of nude mice. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 1990;179:95-104.
41. Flynn JL, Goldstein MM, Chan J, Triebold KJ, Pfeffer K, Lowenstein CJ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Immunity 1995;2:561-72.
42. Ehlers S, Benini J, Kutsch S, Endres R, Rietschel ET, Pfeffer K. Fatal granuloma necrosis without exacerbated mycobacterial growth in tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 gene-deficient mice intravenously infected with Mycobacterium avium. Infect Immun 1999;67:3571-9.
43. Everest P, Roberts M, Dougan G. Susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium infection and effectiveness of vaccination in mice deficient in the tumor necrosis factor alpha p55 receptor. Infect Immun 1998;66:3355-64.
44. Lengeling A, Pfeffer K, Balling R. The battle of two genomes: genetics of bacterial host/pathogen interactions in mice. Mamm Genome 2001;12:261-71.
45. Endres R, Luz A, Schulze H, Neubauer H, Futterer A, Holland SM, et al. Listeriosis in p47(phox-/-) and TRp55-/- mice: protection despite absence of ROI and susceptibility despite presence of RNI. Immunity 1997;7:419-32.
46. Vieira LQ, Goldschmidt M, Nashleanas M, Pfeffer K, Mak T, Scott P. Mice lacking the TNF receptor p55 fail to resolve lesions caused by infection with Leishmania major, but control parasite replication. J Immunol 1996;157:827-35.
47. Nashleanas M, Kanaly S, Scott P. Control of Leishmania major infection in mice lacking TNF receptors. J Immunol 1998;160:5506-13.
48. Lucas R, Juillard P, Decoster E, Redard M, Burger D, Donati Y, et al. Crucial role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 and membrane-bound TNF in experimental cerebral malaria. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:1719-25.
49. Castanos-Velez E, Maerlan S, Osorio LM, Aberg F, Biberfeld P, Orn A, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in tumor necrosis factor receptor p55-deficient mice. Infect Immun 1998;66:2960-8.
50. Yap GS, Scharton-Kersten T, Charest H, Sher A. Decreased resistance of TNF receptor p55- and p75-deficient mice to chronic toxoplasmosis despite normal activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in vivo. J Immunol 1998;160:1340-5.
51. Deckert-Schluter M, Bluethmann H, Rang A, Hof H, Schluter D. Crucial role of TNF receptor type 1 (p55), but not of TNF receptor type 2 (p75), in murine toxoplasmosis. J Immunol 1998;160: 3427-36.
52. Liesenfeld O. Oral infection of C57BL/6 mice with Toxoplasma gondii: a new model of inflammatory bowel disease? J Infect Dis 2002;185(Suppl 1):S96-S101.
53. Erickson SL, de Sauvage FJ, Kikly K, Carver-Moore K, Pitts-Meek S, Gillett N, et al. Decreased sensitivity to tumour-necrosis factor but normal T-cell development in TNF receptor-2-deficient mice. Nature 1994;372:560-3.
54. Peschon JJ, Torrance DS, Stocking KL, Glaccum MB, Otten C, Willis CR, et al. TNF receptor-deficient mice reveal divergent roles for p55 and p75 in several models of inflammation. J Immunol 1998;160:943-52.
55. Bone RC. Immunologic dissonance: a continuing evolution in our understanding of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Ann Intern Med 1996;125:680-7.
56. Piper RD, Cook DJ, Bone RC, Sibbald WJ. Introducing critical appraisal to studies of animal models investigating novel therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1996;24:2059-70.
57. Echtenacher B, Hultner L, Mannel DN. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of TNF protection in septic peritonitis. J Inflamm 1995;47:85-9.
58. Remick DG. Applied molecular biology of sepsis. J Crit Care 1995;10:198-212.
59. Tracey KJ, Beutler B, Lowry SF, Merryweather J, Wolpe S, Milsark IW, et al. Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science 1986;234:470-4.
60. Vassalli P. The pathophysiology of tumor necrosis factors. Annu Rev Immunol 1992;10:411-52.
61. Rietschel ET, Brade H, Hoist O, Brade L, Muller-Loennies S, Mamat U, et al. Bacterial endotoxin: chemical constitution, biological recognition, host response, and immunological detoxification. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;216:39-81.
62. Tracey KJ, Fong Y, Hesse DG, Manogue KR, Lee AT. Kuo GC, et al. Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia. Nature 1987;330:662-4.
63. Kusters S, Tiegs G, Alexopoulou L, Pasparakis M, Douni E, Kunstle G, et al. In vivo evidence for a functional role of both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and transmembrane TNF in experimental hepatitis. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:2870-5.
64. Schumann J, Angermuller S, Bang R, Lohoff M, Tiegs G. Acute hepatotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in mice depends on T cells and TNF. J Immunol 1998;161:5745-54.
65. Warren HS. Strategies for the treatment of sepsis. N Engl J Med 1997;336:952-3.
66. McMasters KM, Peyton JC, Hadjiminas DJ, Cheadle WG. Endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor do not cause mortality from caecal ligation and puncture. Cytokine 1994;6:530-6.
67. Zantl N, Uebe A, Neumann B, Wagner H, Siewert JR, Holzmann B, et al. Essential role of gamma interferon in survival of colon ascendens stent peritonitis, a novel murine model of abdominal sepsis. Infect Immun 1998;66:2300-9.
68. Aggarwal BB, Natarajan K. Tumor necrosis factors: developments during the last decade. Eur Cytokine Netw 1996;7:93-124.
69. Liu YJ, Banchereau J. Mutant mice without B lymphocyte follicles. J Exp Med 1996;184:1207-11.
70. Grewal IS, Flavell RA. The role of CD40 ligand in costimulation and T-cell activation. Immunol Rev 1996;153:85-106.
71. van Kooten C, Banchereau J. Functions of CD40 on B cells. Curr Opin Immunol 1997;9:330-7.
72. Stuber E, Strober W. The T cell-B cell interaction via OX40-OX40L is necessary for the T cell-dependent humoral immune response. J Exp Med 1996;183:979-89.
73. Matsumoto M, Fu YX, Molina H, Chaplin DD. Lymphotoxin-alphadeficient and TNF receptor-I-deficient mice define developmental and functional characteristics of germinal centers. Immunol Rev 1997;156:137-44.
74. Le Hir M, Bluethmann H, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Muller M, Di Padova F, Moore M, et al. Differentiation of follicular dendritic cells and full antibody responses require tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signaling. J Exp Med 1996;183:2367-72.
75. Neumann B, Luz A, Pfeffer K, Holzmann B. Defective. Peyer's patch organogenesis in mice lacking the 55-kD receptor for tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med 1996;184:259-64.
76. Pasparakis M, Alexopoulou L, Grell M, Pfizenmaier K, Bluethmann H, Kollias G. Peyer's patch organogenesis is intact yet formation of B lymphocyte follicles is defective in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice deficient for tumor necrosis factor and its 55-kDa receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:6319-23.
77. Rennert PD, Browning JL, Mebius R, Mackay F, Hochman PS. Surface lymphotoxin alpha/beta complex is required for the development of peripheral lymphoid organs. J Exp Med 1996;184:1999-2006.
78. Rennert PD, Browning JL, Hochman PS. Selective disruption of lymphotoxin ligands reveals a novel set of mucosal lymph nodes and unique effects on lymph node cellular organization. Int Immunol 1997;9:1627-39.
79. Ettinger R, Browning JL, Michie SA, van Ewijk W, McDevitt HO. Disrupted splenic architecture, but normal lymph node development in mice expressing a soluble lymphotoxin-beta receptor-IgG1 fusion protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:13102-7.
80. Morel Y, Schiano de Colella JM, Harrop J, Deen KC, Holmes SD, Wattam TA, et al. Reciprocal expression of the TNF family receptor herpes virus entry mediator and its ligand LIGHT on activated T cells: LIGHT down-regulates its own receptor. J Immunol 2000;165:4397-404.
81. Wang J, Chun T, Lo JC, Wu Q, Wang Y, Foster A, et al. The critical role of LIGHT, a TNF family member, in T cell development. J Immunol 2001;167:5099-105.
82. Feldmann M, Maini RN. Anti-TNF alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned? Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:163- 96.
83. Hommes DW, van de Heisteeg BH, van der SM, Bartelsman JF, van Deventer SJ. Infliximab treatment for Crohn's disease: one-year experience in a Dutch academic hospital. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2002;8:81-6.
84. Mackay F, Browning JL, Lawton P, Shah SA, Comiskey M, Bhan AK, et al. Both the lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor pathways are involved in experimental murine models of colitis. Gastroenterology 1998;115:1464-75.
85. Lisman KA, Stetson SJ, Koerner MM, Farmer JA, Torre-Amione G. Managing heart failure with immunomodulatory agents. Cardiol Clin 2001;19:617-25.
86. Ware CF. APRIL and BAFF connect autoimmunity and cancer. J Exp Med 2000;192:F35-8, and references therein.
87. Rothe J, Lesslauer W, Lotscher H, Lang Y, Koebel P, Kontgen F, et al. Mice lacking the tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 are resistant to TNF-mediated toxicity but highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Nature 1993;364:798-802.
88. Ehlers S, Kutsch S, Ehlers EM, Benini J, Pfeffer K. Lethal granuloma disintegration in mycobacteria-infected TNFRp55-/mice is dependent on T cells and IL-12. J Immunol 2000;165:483-92.
89. Cook MC, Korner H, Riminton DS, Lemckert FA, Hasbold J, Amesbury M, et al. Generation of splenic follicular structure and B cell movement in tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1998;188:1503-10.
90. Eugster HP, Muller M, Karrer U, Car BD, Schnyder B, Eng VM, et al. Multiple immune abnormalities in tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-alpha double-deficient mice. Int Immunol 1996;8:23- 36.
91. Ngo VN, Korner H, Gunn MD, Schmidt KN, Riminton DS, Cooper MD, et al. Lymphotoxin alpha/beta and tumor necrosis factor are required for stromal cell expression of homing chemokines in B and T cell areas of the spleen. J Exp Med 1999;189:403-12.