메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 329-337

Hyperlactataemia syndromes associated with HIV therapy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ASCORBIC ACID; BICARBONATE; CARNITINE; DIDANOSINE; DNA POLYMERASE; HYDROXYUREA; LACTIC ACID; LAMIVUDINE; RIBAVIRIN; RIBOFLAVIN; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; THIAMINE; UBIQUINONE; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

EID: 0037527547     PISSN: 14733099     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00654-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (85)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0034493575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic hyperlactataemia: An emerging complication of antiretroviral therapy
    • Gerad Y, Maulin L, Yazdanpanah Y, et al. Symptomatic hyperlactataemia: an emerging complication of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2000; 14: 2723-30.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 2723-2730
    • Gerad, Y.1    Maulin, L.2    Yazdanpanah, Y.3
  • 2
    • 0035853430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hyperlactataemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy
    • John M, Moore CB, James IR, et al. Chronic hyperlactataemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2001; 151: 717-23.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.151 , pp. 717-723
    • John, M.1    Moore, C.B.2    James, I.R.3
  • 3
    • 0035577787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlactatemia and antiretroviral therapy: The Swiss HIV cohort study
    • Boubaker K, Flepp M, Sudre P, et al. Hyperlactatemia and antiretroviral therapy: the Swiss HIV cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1931-37.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 1931-1937
    • Boubaker, K.1    Flepp, M.2    Sudre, P.3
  • 4
    • 0037024753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlactataemia and lactic acidosis during antiretroviral therapy: Relevance, reproducibility and possible risk factors
    • Moyle GJ, Datta D, Mandalia S, Morlese J, Asboe D, Gazzard BG. Hyperlactataemia and lactic acidosis during antiretroviral therapy: relevance, reproducibility and possible risk factors. AIDS 2002; 16: 1341-49.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 1341-1349
    • Moyle, G.J.1    Datta, D.2    Mandalia, S.3    Morlese, J.4    Asboe, D.5    Gazzard, B.G.6
  • 5
    • 0036678489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis. Should routine screening be considered?
    • Moyle G. Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis. Should routine screening be considered? AIDS Read 2002; 12: 344-48.
    • (2002) AIDS Read , vol.12 , pp. 344-348
    • Moyle, G.1
  • 6
    • 0034456943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial response: Hyperlactataemia and hepatic steatosis as features of mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Brinkman K. Editorial response: hyperlactataemia and hepatic steatosis as features of mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31: 167-69.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 167-169
    • Brinkman, K.1
  • 7
    • 0035853375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperlactataemia: No need for routine lactate measurements
    • Brinkman K. Management of hyperlactataemia: no need for routine lactate measurements. AIDS 2001; 15: 795-97.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 795-797
    • Brinkman, K.1
  • 8
    • 0036152744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlactataemia syndromes in people with HIV infection
    • John M, Mallal S. Hyperlactataemia syndromes in people with HIV infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2002; 15: 23-29.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 23-29
    • John, M.1    Mallal, S.2
  • 9
    • 0024406638 scopus 로고
    • Azidothymidine triphosphate is an inhibitor of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase gamma
    • Konig H, Behr E, Lower J, Kurth R. Azidothymidine triphosphate is an inhibitor of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase gamma. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33: 2109-14.
    • (1989) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.33 , pp. 2109-2114
    • Konig, H.1    Behr, E.2    Lower, J.3    Kurth, R.4
  • 10
    • 0024354118 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effect of carbovir, AZT, and dideoxynucleoside triphosphates on the activity of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and selected human polymerases
    • White EL, Parker WB, Macy LJ, et al. Comparison of the effect of carbovir, AZT, and dideoxynucleoside triphosphates on the activity of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and selected human polymerases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 161: 393-98.
    • (1989) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.161 , pp. 393-398
    • White, E.L.1    Parker, W.B.2    Macy, L.J.3
  • 11
    • 0024521381 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the inhibition of mitochondrial DNA-replication by 3′-azido-3′deoxythymidine and other dideoxynucleoside analogues which inhibit HIV-1 replication
    • Simpson MV, Chin CD, Keilbaugh SA, Lin T-S, Prusoff WH. Studies on the inhibition of mitochondrial DNA-replication by 3′-azido-3′deoxythymidine and other dideoxynucleoside analogues which inhibit HIV-1 replication. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38: 1033-36.
    • (1989) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 1033-1036
    • Simpson, M.V.1    Chin, C.D.2    Keilbaugh, S.A.3    Lin, T.-S.4    Prusoff, W.H.5
  • 12
    • 0038362106 scopus 로고
    • Delayed cytotoxicity and selective loss of mitochondrial DNA in cells treated with anti-human immunodeficiency virus compound 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine
    • Chen CH, Cheng YC. Delayed cytotoxicity and selective loss of mitochondrial DNA in cells treated with anti-human immunodeficiency virus compound 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine. J Biol Chem 1989; 255: 11847-52.
    • (1989) J Biol Chem , vol.255 , pp. 11847-11852
    • Chen, C.H.1    Cheng, Y.C.2
  • 13
    • 0025729392 scopus 로고
    • Effect of anti-human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analogues on mitochondrial DNA and its implication for delayed toxicity
    • Chen C, Vasquez-Padua M, Cheng Y. Effect of anti-human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analogues on mitochondrial DNA and its implication for delayed toxicity. Mol Pharmacol 1991; 39: 625-28.
    • (1991) Mol Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 625-628
    • Chen, C.1    Vasquez-Padua, M.2    Cheng, Y.3
  • 14
    • 0031003145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (ddC) on cultured human muscle cells
    • Benbrik E, Chariot P, Bonavaud S, et al. Cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (ddC) on cultured human muscle cells. J Neurol Sci 1997; 149: 19-25.
    • (1997) J Neurol Sci , vol.149 , pp. 19-25
    • Benbrik, E.1    Chariot, P.2    Bonavaud, S.3
  • 15
    • 0032776374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine-induced experimental myopathy: Dual mechanism of mitochondrial damage
    • Masini A, Scotti C, Calligaro A, et al. Zidovudine-induced experimental myopathy: dual mechanism of mitochondrial damage. Neurol Sci 1999; 166: 131-40.
    • (1999) Neurol Sci , vol.166 , pp. 131-140
    • Masini, A.1    Scotti, C.2    Calligaro, A.3
  • 17
    • 0035798566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues and the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase
    • Johnson AA, Ray AS, Hanes J, et al. Toxicity of antiviral nucleoside analogues and the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 40847-57.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 40847-40857
    • Johnson, A.A.1    Ray, A.S.2    Hanes, J.3
  • 18
    • 0036174438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: Comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Birkus G, Hitchcock MJM, Cihlar T. Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 716-23.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 716-723
    • Birkus, G.1    Hitchcock, M.J.M.2    Cihlar, T.3
  • 19
    • 0037045058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased long-term mitochondrial toxicity in combinations of nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
    • Walker UA, Setzer B, Venhoff N. Increased long-term mitochondrial toxicity in combinations of nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. AIDS 2002; 16: 2165-73.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 2165-2173
    • Walker, U.A.1    Setzer, B.2    Venhoff, N.3
  • 20
    • 0032189850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Mitochondrial toxicity as common pathway
    • Brinkman K, ter Hofstede JM, Burger DM, Smeitink JAM, Koopmans PP. Adverse effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors: mitochondrial toxicity as common pathway. AIDS 1998; 12: 1735-44.
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 1735-1744
    • Brinkman, K.1    Ter Hofstede, J.M.2    Burger, D.M.3    Smeitink, J.A.M.4    Koopmans, P.P.5
  • 21
    • 0034956253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity and HIV therapy
    • White AJ. Mitochondrial toxicity and HIV therapy. Sex Transm Infect 2001; 77: 158-73.
    • (2001) Sex Transm Infect , vol.77 , pp. 158-173
    • White, A.J.1
  • 22
    • 0027510616 scopus 로고
    • Hepatomegaly with severe steatosis in HIV-seropositive patients
    • Freiman JP, Helfert KE, Hamrell MR, Stein DS. Hepatomegaly with severe steatosis in HIV-seropositive patients. AIDS 1993; 7: 379-85.
    • (1993) AIDS , vol.7 , pp. 379-385
    • Freiman, J.P.1    Helfert, K.E.2    Hamrell, M.R.3    Stein, D.S.4
  • 23
    • 0027388795 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Chattha G, Arieff AI, Cummings C, Tierney LM. Lactic acidosis complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 37-39.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 37-39
    • Chattha, G.1    Arieff, A.I.2    Cummings, C.3    Tierney, L.M.4
  • 24
    • 0033985675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis associated with stavudine administration: A report of five cases
    • Mokrzycki M, Harris C, May H, Laut J, Palmisano J. Lactic acidosis associated with stavudine administration: a report of five cases. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 198-200.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 198-200
    • Mokrzycki, M.1    Harris, C.2    May, H.3    Laut, J.4    Palmisano, J.5
  • 25
    • 0034254566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis associated with use of stavudine: Report of four cases
    • Miller K, Cameron M, Wood L, Dalakas M, Kovacs J. Lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis associated with use of stavudine: report of four cases. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133: 192-96.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.133 , pp. 192-196
    • Miller, K.1    Cameron, M.2    Wood, L.3    Dalakas, M.4    Kovacs, J.5
  • 26
    • 0035577396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic lactic acidosis in hospitalised antiretroviral treated patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A report of 12 cases
    • Coghlan ME, Sommadossi J-P, Jhala NC, Many WJ, Saag MS, Johnson VA. Symptomatic lactic acidosis in hospitalised antiretroviral treated patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a report of 12 cases. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1914-21.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 1914-1921
    • Coghlan, M.E.1    Sommadossi, J.-P.2    Jhala, N.C.3    Many, W.J.4    Saag, M.S.5    Johnson, V.A.6
  • 27
    • 0032897185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine-induced mitochondrial disorder with massive liver steatosis, myopathy, lactic acidosis, and mitochondrial DNA depletion
    • Chariot P, Drogou I, de Lacroix-Szmania I, et al. Zidovudine-induced mitochondrial disorder with massive liver steatosis, myopathy, lactic acidosis, and mitochondrial DNA depletion. J Hepatol 1999; 30: 156-60.
    • (1999) J Hepatol , vol.30 , pp. 156-160
    • Chariot, P.1    Drogou, I.2    De Lacroix-Szmania, I.3
  • 28
    • 0033792939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic steatosis and lactic acidosis caused by stavudine in an HIV-infected patient
    • Bleeker-Rovers CP, Kadir SW, van Leusen R, Richter C. Hepatic steatosis and lactic acidosis caused by stavudine in an HIV-infected patient. Neth J Med 2000; 57: 190-93.
    • (2000) Neth J Med , vol.57 , pp. 190-193
    • Bleeker-Rovers, C.P.1    Kadir, S.W.2    Van Leusen, R.3    Richter, C.4
  • 29
    • 0033920145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steatosis lactic acidosis syndrome associated with stavudine and lamivudine therapy
    • Johri S, Alkuja S, Siviglia G, Soni A. Steatosis lactic acidosis syndrome associated with stavudine and lamivudine therapy. AIDS 2000; 14: 1286-87.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 1286-1287
    • Johri, S.1    Alkuja, S.2    Siviglia, G.3    Soni, A.4
  • 30
    • 0037087075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Report of 12 cases and review of the literature
    • Falco V, Rodriguez D, Ribera E, et al. Severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 838-46.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 838-846
    • Falco, V.1    Rodriguez, D.2    Ribera, E.3
  • 31
    • 0029154249 scopus 로고
    • Hepatomegaly and steatosis in HIV-infected patients receiving nucleoside analogue antiretroviral therapy
    • Fortgang IS, Belitsos PC, Chaisson RE, Moore RD. Hepatomegaly and steatosis in HIV-infected patients receiving nucleoside analogue antiretroviral therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90: 1433-36.
    • (1995) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.90 , pp. 1433-1436
    • Fortgang, I.S.1    Belitsos, P.C.2    Chaisson, R.E.3    Moore, R.D.4
  • 32
    • 0028335113 scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatitis with severe lactate acidosis in HIV-infected patients on didanosine therapy
    • Bissuel F, Bruneel F, Habersetzer F, et al. Fulminant hepatitis with severe lactate acidosis in HIV-infected patients on didanosine therapy. J Intern Med 1994: 235: 367-71.
    • (1994) J Intern Med , vol.235 , pp. 367-371
    • Bissuel, F.1    Bruneel, F.2    Habersetzer, F.3
  • 33
    • 0033824578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and risk factors of lactic acidosis following long-term antiretroviral therapy: 4 Fatal cases
    • Hofstede HJM, de Marie S, Foudraine NA, Danner SA, Brinkman K. Clinical features and risk factors of lactic acidosis following long-term antiretroviral therapy: 4 fatal cases. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11: 611-16.
    • (2000) Int J STD AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 611-616
    • Hofstede, H.J.M.1    De Marie, S.2    Foudraine, N.A.3    Danner, S.A.4    Brinkman, K.5
  • 34
    • 0034456472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlactataemia and hepatic abnormalities in 10 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving nucleoside analogue combination regimens
    • Lonergan JL, Behling C, Pfander H, Hassanein TT, Mathews WC. Hyperlactataemia and hepatic abnormalities in 10 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving nucleoside analogue combination regimens. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31: 162-66.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 162-166
    • Lonergan, J.L.1    Behling, C.2    Pfander, H.3    Hassanein, T.T.4    Mathews, W.C.5
  • 35
    • 0036840147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection: Recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel
    • Schambelan M, Benson CA, Carr A, et al. Management of metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection: recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 2002; 31: 257-75.
    • (2002) J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr , vol.31 , pp. 257-275
    • Schambelan, M.1    Benson, C.A.2    Carr, A.3
  • 36
    • 0034537548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of antiretroviral nucleoside and nucleotide analogues: Is mitochondrial toxicity the only mechanism?
    • Moyle G. Toxicity of antiretroviral nucleoside and nucleotide analogues: is mitochondrial toxicity the only mechanism? Drug Saf 2000; 23: 467-81.
    • (2000) Drug Saf , vol.23 , pp. 467-481
    • Moyle, G.1
  • 37
    • 0028143346 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of toxicity of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythyrnidine. Its interaction with adenylate kinase
    • Barlie M, Valenti D, Hobbs GA, et al. Mechanisms of toxicity of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythyrnidine. Its interaction with adenylate kinase. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 4: 1405-12.
    • (1994) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 1405-1412
    • Barlie, M.1    Valenti, D.2    Hobbs, G.A.3
  • 38
    • 0030972845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3′-azido-3′-deoxythmidine uptake into isolated rat liver mitochondria and impairment of ADP/ATP translocator
    • Barile M, Valenti D, Passarella S, Quagliariello E. 3′- Azido-3′-deoxythmidine uptake into isolated rat liver mitochondria and impairment of ADP/ATP translocator. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53: 913-20.
    • (1997) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 913-920
    • Barile, M.1    Valenti, D.2    Passarella, S.3    Quagliariello, E.4
  • 40
    • 0026028226 scopus 로고
    • Depletion of muscle mitochondrial DNA in AIDS patients with zidovudine-induced myopathy
    • Arnaudo E, Dalakas M, Shanske S, Moraes CT, DiMauro S, Schon EA. Depletion of muscle mitochondrial DNA in AIDS patients with zidovudine-induced myopathy. Lancet 1991; 337: 508-10.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 508-510
    • Arnaudo, E.1    Dalakas, M.2    Shanske, S.3    Moraes, C.T.4    DiMauro, S.5    Schon, E.A.6
  • 41
    • 0025752280 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine myopathy: A distinctive disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
    • Mhiri C, Baudrimont M, Bonne G, et al. Zidovudine myopathy: a distinctive disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 606-14.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 606-614
    • Mhiri, C.1    Baudrimont, M.2    Bonne, G.3
  • 42
    • 0035040625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of stavudine on mitochondrial genome and fatty acid oxidation in lean and obese mice
    • Gaou I, Malliti M, Guimont MC, et al. Effect of stavudine on mitochondrial genome and fatty acid oxidation in lean and obese mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 297: 516-23.
    • (2001) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.297 , pp. 516-523
    • Gaou, I.1    Malliti, M.2    Guimont, M.C.3
  • 43
    • 0035743577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic stavudine exposure induces hepatic mitochondrial toxicity in adult Erythrocebus patas monkeys
    • Gerschenson M, Nguyen VT, St Claire MC, et al. Chronic stavudine exposure induces hepatic mitochondrial toxicity in adult Erythrocebus patas monkeys. J Hum Virol 2001; 4: 335-42.
    • (2001) J Hum Virol , vol.4 , pp. 335-342
    • Gerschenson, M.1    Nguyen, V.T.2    St Claire, M.C.3
  • 44
    • 0023266214 scopus 로고
    • The toxicity of azidothymidine in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex
    • Richman DD, Fischl MA, Grieco MH, et al. The toxicity of azidothymidine in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 192-97.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.317 , pp. 192-197
    • Richman, D.D.1    Fischl, M.A.2    Grieco, M.H.3
  • 45
    • 0025314920 scopus 로고
    • The safety and efficacy of azidothymidine in the treatment of subjects with mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Infection
    • Fischl MA, Richman DD, Hansen N, et al. The safety and efficacy of azidothymidine in the treatment of subjects with mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Infection. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 727-37.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 727-737
    • Fischl, M.A.1    Richman, D.D.2    Hansen, N.3
  • 46
    • 0025263835 scopus 로고
    • 2′-3′- Dideoxyinosine in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex
    • Lambert JS, Seidlin M, Reichman RC, et al. 2′-3′- dideoxyinosine in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1333-40.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 1333-1340
    • Lambert, J.S.1    Seidlin, M.2    Reichman, R.C.3
  • 47
    • 0025232288 scopus 로고
    • Once daily administration of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. Results of a phase I trial
    • Cooley TP, Kunches LM, Saunders CA, et al. Once daily administration of 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. Results of a phase I trial. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1340-45.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 1340-1345
    • Cooley, T.P.1    Kunches, L.M.2    Saunders, C.A.3
  • 48
    • 0027948183 scopus 로고
    • Rates and risk factors for adverse events associated with didanosine in the expanded access program
    • Schindzielorz A, Pike I, Daniels M, Pacelli L, Smaldone L. Rates and risk factors for adverse events associated with didanosine in the expanded access program. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 1076-83.
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis , vol.19 , pp. 1076-1083
    • Schindzielorz, A.1    Pike, I.2    Daniels, M.3    Pacelli, L.4    Smaldone, L.5
  • 49
    • 0027398462 scopus 로고
    • 2′,3′-didehydro-3′-deoxythymidine in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex: A phase I trial
    • Browne MJ, Mayer KH, Chafee SB, et al. 2′,3′- Didehydro-3′-deoxythymidine in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex: a phase I trial. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 21-29.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.167 , pp. 21-29
    • Browne, M.J.1    Mayer, K.H.2    Chafee, S.B.3
  • 50
    • 0028950136 scopus 로고
    • Stavudine in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex: AIDS clinical trials group 089
    • Murray HW, Squires KE, Weiss W, et al. Stavudine in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex: AIDS clinical trials group 089. J Infect Dis 1995; 17 (suppl 2): 123-30.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 123-130
    • Murray, H.W.1    Squires, K.E.2    Weiss, W.3
  • 51
    • 0028910235 scopus 로고
    • Dose-related activity of stavudine in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • Petersen EA, Ramirez-Ronda CH, Hardy WD, et al. Dose-related activity of stavudine in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 1995; 171 (suppl 2): 131-39.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 131-139
    • Petersen, E.A.1    Ramirez-Ronda, C.H.2    Hardy, W.D.3
  • 52
    • 0028928910 scopus 로고
    • Biologic effects and safety of stavudine: Overview of phase I and II clinical trials
    • Skowron G. Biologic effects and safety of stavudine: overview of phase I and II clinical trials. J Infect Dis 1995; 171 (suppl 2):113-17.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 113-117
    • Skowron, G.1
  • 53
    • 0027074279 scopus 로고
    • The safety and pharmacokinetics of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, in patients with HIV infection: A phase I study
    • van Leeuwen R, Lange JM, Hussey EK, et al. The safety and pharmacokinetics of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, in patients with HIV infection: a phase I study. AIDS 1992; 6: 1471-75.
    • (1992) AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 1471-1475
    • Van Leeuwen, R.1    Lange, J.M.2    Hussey, E.K.3
  • 54
    • 8944225025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination in antiretroviral treatment-naive patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy
    • Katlama C, Ingrand D, Loveday C, et al. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination in antiretroviral treatment-naive patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy. JAMA 1996; 276: 118-25.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 118-125
    • Katlama, C.1    Ingrand, D.2    Loveday, C.3
  • 55
    • 7844224756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abacavir alone or in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral treatment-naive subjects
    • Staszewski S, Hill AM, Bartlett J, et al. A dose-ranging study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abacavir alone or in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral treatment-naive subjects. AIDS 1998; 12: F197-202.
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12
    • Staszewski, S.1    Hill, A.M.2    Bartlett, J.3
  • 56
    • 7844252581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults
    • Saag MS, Sonnerborg A, Torres RA, et al. Antiretroviral effect and safety of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in HIV-infected adults. AIDS 1998; 12: F203-9.
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12
    • Saag, M.S.1    Sonnerborg, A.2    Torres, R.A.3
  • 57
    • 0033045943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and pharmokinetics of abacavir (1592U89) following oral administration of escalating doses in human immunodeficiency virus HIV-infected adults
    • Kumar PN, Sweet DE, McDowell JA, et al. Safety and pharmokinetics of abacavir (1592U89) following oral administration of escalating doses in human immunodeficiency virus HIV-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 603-08.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 603-608
    • Kumar, P.N.1    Sweet, D.E.2    McDowell, J.A.3
  • 58
    • 0035819909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNAAB3005 International Study Team. Abacavir-lamivudinezidovudine versus indinavir-lamivudine-zidovudine in antiretroviral-naive adults
    • Staszewski S, Keiser P, Montaner J, et al. CNAAB3005 International Study Team. Abacavir-lamivudinezidovudine versus indinavir-lamivudine-zidovudine in antiretroviral-naive adults. JAMA 2001; 9: 1155-63.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.9 , pp. 1155-1163
    • Staszewski, S.1    Keiser, P.2    Montaner, J.3
  • 59
    • 0037082957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abacavir expanded access program for adult patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Kessler HA, Johnson J, Follansbee S, et al. Abacavir expanded access program for adult patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: 535-42.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 535-542
    • Kessler, H.A.1    Johnson, J.2    Follansbee, S.3
  • 60
    • 0031710248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, phamarcokinetics, and antiretroviral activity of intravenous 9-[2-(R)-(Phosphonomethoxy) propyl]adenenine, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapy, in HIV-infected adults
    • Deeks SG, Barditch-Crovo P, Lietman PS, et al. Safety, phamarcokinetics, and antiretroviral activity of intravenous 9-[2-(R)-(Phosphonomethoxy) propyl]adenenine, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapy, in HIV-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2380-84.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.42 , pp. 2380-2384
    • Deeks, S.G.1    Barditch-Crovo, P.2    Lietman, P.S.3
  • 61
    • 0034806946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II trial of pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults
    • Barditch-Crovo P, Deeks SG, Collier A, et al. Phase I/II trial of pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 2733-39.
    • (2001) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 2733-2739
    • Barditch-Crovo, P.1    Deeks, S.G.2    Collier, A.3
  • 62
    • 0030002975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic morphological alterations induced by zidovudine (ZDV) in an experimental model
    • Corcuera T, Alonso MJ, Picazo A, et al. Hepatic morphological alterations induced by zidovudine (ZDV) in an experimental model. Pathol Res Pract 1996; 192: 182-87.
    • (1996) Pathol Res Pract , vol.192 , pp. 182-187
    • Corcuera, T.1    Alonso, M.J.2    Picazo, A.3
  • 63
    • 0012438424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favourable lipid and mitochondrial DNA profile for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate compared to stavudine in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz in antiretroviral therapy naïve patients: A 48 week interim analysis
    • September 27-30, San Diego, CA. Abstract late breaker 2 (slide session)
    • Gallant J, Staszewski S, Pozniak A, et al. Favourable lipid and mitochondrial DNA profile for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate compared to stavudine in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz in antiretroviral therapy naïve patients: a 48 week interim analysis. 42nd ICAAC. September 27-30, 2002, San Diego, CA. Abstract late breaker 2 (slide session).
    • (2002) 42nd ICAAC
    • Gallant, J.1    Staszewski, S.2    Pozniak, A.3
  • 64
    • 0035134609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy
    • Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Corcoran C, et al. Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 130-39.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 130-139
    • Hadigan, C.1    Meigs, J.B.2    Corcoran, C.3
  • 65
    • 0035813195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV protease inhibitor induces fatty acid and sterol biosynthesis in liver and adipose tissues due to the accumulation of activated sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in the nucleus
    • Riddle TM, Kuhel DG, Woollett LA, Fichtenbaum CJ, Hui DY. HIV protease inhibitor induces fatty acid and sterol biosynthesis in liver and adipose tissues due to the accumulation of activated sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in the nucleus. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 37514-19.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 37514-37519
    • Riddle, T.M.1    Kuhel, D.G.2    Woollett, L.A.3    Fichtenbaum, C.J.4    Hui, D.Y.5
  • 66
    • 0037045055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fat accumulation in the liver in HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy
    • Sutinen J, Hakkinen AM, Westerbacka J, et al. Increased fat accumulation in the liver in HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy. AIDS 2002; 16: 2183-93.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 2183-2193
    • Sutinen, J.1    Hakkinen, A.M.2    Westerbacka, J.3
  • 67
    • 0034068601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial control of cell death
    • Kroemer G, Reed JC. Mitochondrial control of cell death. Nat Med 2000; 6: 513-19.
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 513-519
    • Kroemer, G.1    Reed, J.C.2
  • 68
    • 0032878643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal of life support, altruistic suicide, fratricidal killing and euthanasia by lymphocytes: Different forms of drug-induced hepatic apoptosis
    • Pessayre D, Haouzi D, Fau D, Robin MA, Mansouri A, Berson A. Withdrawal of life support, altruistic suicide, fratricidal killing and euthanasia by lymphocytes: different forms of drug-induced hepatic apoptosis. J Hepatol 1999; 31: 760-70.
    • (1999) J Hepatol , vol.31 , pp. 760-770
    • Pessayre, D.1    Haouzi, D.2    Fau, D.3    Robin, M.A.4    Mansouri, A.5    Berson, A.6
  • 69
    • 0028817865 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (FIAU), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis B
    • McKenzie R, Fried MW, Sallie R, et al. Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (FIAU), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1099-105.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1099-1105
    • McKenzie, R.1    Fried, M.W.2    Sallie, R.3
  • 70
    • 0028081270 scopus 로고
    • Fialuridine accumulates in DNA of dogs, monkeys, and rats following long-term oral administration
    • Richardson FC, Engelhardt JA, Bowsher RR. Fialuridine accumulates in DNA of dogs, monkeys, and rats following long-term oral administration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994; 91: 12003-07.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 12003-12007
    • Richardson, F.C.1    Engelhardt, J.A.2    Bowsher, R.R.3
  • 71
    • 1842570096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins
    • Garcia de la Asuncion JG, del Olmo ML, Sastre J, et al. zidovudine treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 4-9.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 4-9
    • Garcia de la Asuncion, J.G.1    Del Olmo, M.L.2    Sastre, J.3
  • 73
    • 0036271671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZT causes functional and structural destruction of mitochondria, glutathione deficiency and HIV-1 promoter sensitisation
    • Yamaguchi T, Katoh I, Kurata S. AZT causes functional and structural destruction of mitochondria, glutathione deficiency and HIV-1 promoter sensitisation. Eur J Biochem 2002; 269: 2782-88.
    • (2002) Eur J Biochem , vol.269 , pp. 2782-2788
    • Yamaguchi, T.1    Katoh, I.2    Kurata, S.3
  • 74
    • 0034979438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA depletion, oxidative stress, and mutation: Mechanisms of dysfunction from nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Lewis W, Copeland WC, Day BJ. Mitochondrial DNA depletion, oxidative stress, and mutation: mechanisms of dysfunction from nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Lab Invest 2001; 6: 777-90.
    • (2001) Lab Invest , vol.6 , pp. 777-790
    • Lewis, W.1    Copeland, W.C.2    Day, B.J.3
  • 75
    • 0025878889 scopus 로고
    • Biological markers of oxidative stress in mitochondrial myopathies with progressive external ophthalmoplegia
    • Piccolo G, Banfi P, Azan G, et al. Biological markers of oxidative stress in mitochondrial myopathies with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. J Neurol Sci 1991; 105: 57-60.
    • (1991) J Neurol Sci , vol.105 , pp. 57-60
    • Piccolo, G.1    Banfi, P.2    Azan, G.3
  • 77
    • 0035978154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in human ageing and mitochondrial disease-consequences of defective mitochondrial respiration and impaired antioxidant enzyme system
    • Wei YH, Lu CY, Wei CY, Ma YS, Lee HC. Oxidative stress in human ageing and mitochondrial disease-consequences of defective mitochondrial respiration and impaired antioxidant enzyme system. J Physiol 2001; 44: 1-11.
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.44 , pp. 1-11
    • Wei, Y.H.1    Lu, C.Y.2    Wei, C.Y.3    Ma, Y.S.4    Lee, H.C.5
  • 78
    • 0035956691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mitochondrial toxicity with ribavirin in HCV/HIV coinfection
    • Lafeullade A, Hittinger G, Chadapaud S. Increased mitochondrial toxicity with ribavirin in HCV/HIV coinfection. Lancet 2001; 337; 280-81.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 280-281
    • Lafeullade, A.1    Hittinger, G.2    Chadapaud, S.3
  • 79
    • 0035795989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxic effects and ribavirin
    • Kakuda T, Brinkman K. Mitochondrial toxic effects and ribavirin. Lancet 2001; 357: 1802-03.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1802-1803
    • Kakuda, T.1    Brinkman, K.2
  • 81
    • 0036022851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal lactic acidosis in a HIV-positive patient treated with interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C
    • Guyader D, Poinsignon Y, Cano Y, Saout L. Fatal lactic acidosis in a HIV-positive patient treated with interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2002; 37: 289-91.
    • (2002) J Hepatol , vol.37 , pp. 289-291
    • Guyader, D.1    Poinsignon, Y.2    Cano, Y.3    Saout, L.4
  • 82
    • 85031168194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johns Hopkins Hospital AIDS Service website: http://www.hopkins-aids.edu. (Accessed May 6, 2003).
  • 84
    • 0036199534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute onset lactic acidosis and pancreatitis in the third trimester of pregnancy in HIV-1 positive women taking antiretroviral medication
    • Sarner L, Fakoya A. Acute onset lactic acidosis and pancreatitis in the third trimester of pregnancy in HIV-1 positive women taking antiretroviral medication. Sex Transm Inf 2002; 78: 58-59.
    • (2002) Sex Transm Inf , vol.78 , pp. 58-59
    • Sarner, L.1    Fakoya, A.2
  • 87
    • 0031971261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver failure associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion
    • Morris AAM, Taanman J-W, Blake J, et al. Liver failure associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion. J Hepatol 1998; 28: 556-63.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 556-563
    • Morris, A.A.M.1    Taanman, J.-W.2    Blake, J.3
  • 88
    • 0034813658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: Ultrastructural changes in liver biopsies
    • Mandel H, Hartman C, Berkowitz D, Elpeleg ON, Manov I, Iancu TC. The hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: ultrastructural changes in liver biopsies. Hepatology 2001; 34: 776-84.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 776-784
    • Mandel, H.1    Hartman, C.2    Berkowitz, D.3    Elpeleg, O.N.4    Manov, I.5    Iancu, T.C.6
  • 89
    • 0036264364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of correlation between length variation in the DNA polymerase gamma gene CAG repeat and lactic acidosis or neuropathy during antiretroviral treatment
    • Chen X, Goudsmit J, Van der Kuyl A. Lack of correlation between length variation in the DNA polymerase gamma gene CAG repeat and lactic acidosis or neuropathy during antiretroviral treatment. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002; 18: 531-34.
    • (2002) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.18 , pp. 531-534
    • Chen, X.1    Goudsmit, J.2    Van der Kuyl, A.3
  • 90
    • 0003196390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recently identified adverse events secondary to NRTI therapy in HIV-infected individuals: Cases from the FDA's adverse event reporting system
    • Seattle, Washington, USA; February 24-28, Abstract LB14
    • Marcus K, Truffa M, Boxwell D, Toerner J. Recently identified adverse events secondary to NRTI therapy in HIV-infected individuals: cases from the FDA's adverse event reporting system. Ninth conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections. Seattle, Washington, USA; February 24-28, 2002. Abstract LB14.
    • (2002) Ninth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Marcus, K.1    Truffa, M.2    Boxwell, D.3    Toerner, J.4
  • 94
    • 0034491555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced lactic acidosis
    • Brinkman K, Vrouenraets S, Kauffman R, Weigel H, Frissen J. Treatment of nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced lactic acidosis. AIDS 2000; 14: 2801-02.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 2801-2802
    • Brinkman, K.1    Vrouenraets, S.2    Kauffman, R.3    Weigel, H.4    Frissen, J.5
  • 95
    • 0037076029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in mitochondrial DNA as a marker of nucleoside toxicity in HIV-infected patients
    • Cote HC, Brumme ZL, Craib KJ, et al. Changes in mitochondrial DNA as a marker of nucleoside toxicity in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 811-20.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 811-820
    • Cote, H.C.1    Brumme, Z.L.2    Craib, K.J.3
  • 96
    • 0037040365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA genome in the peripheral blood leukocytes of HIV-infected patients with or without lipoatrophy
    • McComsey G, Tan DJ, Lederman M, Wilson E, Wong LJ. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA genome in the peripheral blood leukocytes of HIV-infected patients with or without lipoatrophy. AIDS 2002; 16: 513-18.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 513-518
    • McComsey, G.1    Tan, D.J.2    Lederman, M.3    Wilson, E.4    Wong, L.J.5
  • 97
    • 0034923516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hepatitis C and superimposed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Ong JP, Younossi Z, Speer C, Olano A, Gramlich T, Boparai N. Chronic hepatitis C and superimposed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver 2001; 21: 266-71.
    • (2001) Liver , vol.21 , pp. 266-271
    • Ong, J.P.1    Younossi, Z.2    Speer, C.3    Olano, A.4    Gramlich, T.5    Boparai, N.6
  • 98
    • 0035117297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steatosis and chronic hepatitis C: Analysis of fibrosis and stellate cell activation
    • Clouston AD, Jonsson JR, Purdie DM, et al. Steatosis and chronic hepatitis C: analysis of fibrosis and stellate cell activation. J Hepatol 2001; 34: 314-20.
    • (2001) J Hepatol , vol.34 , pp. 314-320
    • Clouston, A.D.1    Jonsson, J.R.2    Purdie, D.M.3
  • 99
    • 0034987263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steatosis accelerates the progression of liver damage of chronic hepatitis C patients and correlates with specific HCV genotype and visceral obesity
    • Adinolfi LE, Gambardella M, Andreana A, Tripodi M-F, Utili R, Ruggiero G. Steatosis accelerates the progression of liver damage of chronic hepatitis C patients and correlates with specific HCV genotype and visceral obesity. Hepatology 2001; 33: 1358-64.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.33 , pp. 1358-1364
    • Adinolfi, L.E.1    Gambardella, M.2    Andreana, A.3    Tripodi, M.-F.4    Utili, R.5    Ruggiero, G.6
  • 100
    • 0036163870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus proteins: Direct link to hepatic oxidative stress, steatosis, carcinogenesis and more
    • Lai MMC. Hepatitis C virus proteins: direct link to hepatic oxidative stress, steatosis, carcinogenesis and more. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 568-71.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , pp. 568-571
    • Lai, M.M.C.1
  • 101
    • 0036165333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and antioxidant gene expression are induced by hepatitis C virus core protein
    • Okuda M, Li K, Beard MR, et al. Mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and antioxidant gene expression are induced by hepatitis C virus core protein. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 366-75.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , pp. 366-375
    • Okuda, M.1    Li, K.2    Beard, M.R.3
  • 103
    • 0037129380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Angulo P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1221-31.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Angulo, P.1
  • 104
    • 0034676629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines in alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
    • Tilg H, Diehl AM. Cytokines in alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1467-76.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1467-1476
    • Tilg, H.1    Diehl, A.M.2
  • 105
    • 0035078484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiopathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
    • Chitturi S, Farrel GC. Etiopathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 2001; 21: 27-41.
    • (2001) Semin Liver Dis , vol.21 , pp. 27-41
    • Chitturi, S.1    Farrel, G.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.