Hepatitis viruses and the MAPK pathway: Is this a survival strategy?

Virus Research

Volumn 92, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 131-140

  Panteva, Milena ^a   Korkaya, Hasan ^a   Jameel, Shahid ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY   (Italy)

Author keywords

Hepatitis virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Viral hepatitis

Indexed keywords

MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; VIRUS PROTEIN;

CELL SURVIVAL; ENZYME ACTIVATION; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HEPATITIS E; HEPATITIS E VIRUS; HEPATITIS VIRUS; HOST CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; HEPACIVIRUS; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS E VIRUS; HEPATITIS, VIRAL, ANIMAL; HEPATITIS, VIRAL, HUMAN; HUMANS; MICE; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES;

HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS C VIRUS;

EID: 0037383040     PISSN: 01681702     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00356-8     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Albrecht J.H., Hu M.Y., Cerra F.B. Distinct patterns of cyclin D1 regulation in models of liver regeneration and human liver. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 209:1995;648-655.
2. Aoki H., Hayashi J., Moriyama M., Arakawa Y., Hino O. Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with 14-3-3 protein and activates the kinase Raf-1. J. Virol. 74:2000;1736-1741.
3. Benn J., Schneider R.J. Hepatitis B virus HBx protein activates Ras-GTP complex formation and establishes a Ras, Raf, MAP kinase signaling cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;10350-10354.
4. Benn J., Schneider R.J. Hepatitis B virus HBx protein deregulates cell cycle check point control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;11215-11219.
5. Bergsland E.K. Molecular mechanisms underlaying the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin. Oncol. 28:2001;521-531.
6. Block G.D., Locker J., Bowen W.C., Petersen B.E., Katyal S., Storm S.C., Riley T., Howard T.A., Michalopoulos G.K. Popluation expansion, clonal growth and specific differentiation patterns in primary cultures of hepatocytes induced by HGF/SF, EGF and TGFα in a chemically defined (HGM) medium. J. Cell Biol. 132:1996;1133-1149.
7. Bonacchi A., Romagnani P., Romanelli R.G., Efsen E., Annunziato F., Lasagni L., Francalanci M., Serio M., Laffi G., Pinzani M., Gentilini P., Marra F. Signal transduction by the chemokine receptor CXCR3: activation of Ras/ERK, Src, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt controls cell migration and proliferation in human vascular pericytes. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;9945-9954.
8. Borowski P., zur Wiesch J.S., Resch K., Feucht H., Laufs R., Schmitz H. Protein kinase C recognizes the protein kinase A-binding motif on nonstructural protein 3 of hepatitis C virus. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;30722-30728.
9. Chisari F.V. Cytotoxic T cells and viral hepatitis. J. Clin. Invest. 99:1997;1472-1477.
10. Cohen G.B., Ren R., Baltimore D. Modular binding domains in signal transduction pathways. Cell. 80:1995;237-248.
11. Cowley S., Paterson H., Kemp P., Marshall C.J. Activation of MAP kinase kinase is necessary and sufficient for PC12 differentiation and for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Cell. 77:1994;841-852.
12. Davis R.J. Signal transduction to the nucleus by MAP kinase. Gutkind J.S. Signalling Networks and Cell Cycle Control: The Molecular Basis of Cancer and other Diseases. 2000;153-164 Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
13. Feitelson M.A., Duan L.X. Hepatitis B virus X antigen in the pathogenesis of chronic infections and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 150:1997;1141-1157.
14. Francois C., Duverlie G., Rebouillat D., Khorsi H., Castelain S., Blum H.E., Gatignol A., Wychowski C., Moradpour D., Meurs E.F. Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins interferes with the antiviral action of interferon independently of PKR-mediated control of protein synthesis. J. Virol. 74:2000;5587-5596.
15. Fukuda K., Tsuchihara K., Hijakata M., Nishiguchi S., Kuroki T., Shimotohno K. Hepatitis C virus core protein enhances the activation of the transcription factor, Elk1, in response to mitogenic stimuli. Hepatology. 33:2001;159-165.
16. Gale M.J. Jr., Blakely C.M., Kwieciszewski B., Tan S.-L., Dosset M., Korth M.J., Polyak S.J., Gretch D.R., Katze M.G. Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus non structural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:1998;5208-5218.
17. Gale M.J. Jr., Kwieciszewski B., Dossett M., Nakao H., Katze M.G. Antiapoptotic and oncogenic potentials of hepatitis C virus are linked to interferon resistance by viral repression of the PKR protein kinase. J. Virol. 73:1999;6506-6516.
18. Garrington T.P., Johnson G.L. Organization and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:1999;211-218.
19. Giambartolomei S., Covone F., Levero M., Balsano C. Sustained activation of the Raf/MEK/Erk pathway in response to EGF in stable cell lines expressing the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein. Oncogene. 20:2001;2606-2610.
20. Gong G., Waris G., Tanveer R., Siddiqui A. Human hepatitis C virus NS5A protein alters intracellular calcium levels, induces oxidative stress, and activates STAT-3 and NF-κB. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:2001;9599-9604.
21. Goodbourn S., Didcock L., Randall R.E. Interferons: cell signalling, immune modulation, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures. J. Gen. Virol. 10:2000;2341-2364.
22. Grakoui A., Wychowski C., Lin C., Feinstone S.M., Rice C.M. Expression and identification of hepatitis C virus polyprotein cleavage products. J. Virol. 67:1993;1385-1395.
23. Hackel P.O., Zwick E., Prenzel N., Ullrich A. Epidermal growth factor receptors: critical mediators of multiple receptor pathways. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:1999;184-189.
24. Hayashi J., Aoki H., Kajino K., Moriyama M., Arakawa Y., Hino O. Hepatitis C virus core protein activates the MAPK/ERK cascade synergistically with tumor promoter TPA, but not with epidermal growth factor β Hepatology. 32:2000;958-961.
25. He Y., Nakao S.L., Polyak S.J., Neddermann P., Vijaysri S., Jacobs B.L., Katze M.G. Subversion of cell signaling pathways by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein via interaction with Grb2 and p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J. Virol. 76:2002;9207-9217.
26. Henkler F., Lopes A.R., Jones M., Koshy R. Erk-independent partial activation of AP-1 sites by the hepatitis B virus HBx protein. J. Gen. Virol. 79:1998;2737-2742.
27. Hildt E., Munz B., Saher G., Reifenberg K., Hofschneider P.H. The preS2 activator MHBs(t) of hepatitis B virus activates c-raf-1/Erk2 signaling in transgenic mice. EMBO J. 21:2002;525-535.
28. Hollinger F.B., Liang T.J. Hepatitis B virus. Knipe D.M., Howley P.M. Field's Virology. fourth ed. 2001;2971-3036 Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
29. Hwang S.B., Lo S.-Y., Ou J.-H., Lai M.M.C. Detection of cellular proteins and viral core protein interacting with the 5′-untranslated region of hepatitis C virus RNA. J. Biomed. Sci. 2:1995;227-236.
30. Inui T., Shinomiya N., Fukusawa M., Kuranaga N., Ohkura S., Seki S. Telomerase activation and MAPK pathways in regenerating hepatocytes. Hum. Cell. 14:2001;275-282.
31. Jameel S., Siddiqui A., Hu K.-Q. Molecular biology of hepatitis viruses. Gitnick G. Principles and Practice of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 1994;743-757 Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT.
32. Kaneko T., Tanji Y., Satoh S., Hijikata M., Asabe S., Kimura K., Shimotohno K. Production of two phosphoproteins from the NS5A region of the hepatitis C viral genome. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:1994;320-326.
33. Karin M. The NF-κB activation pathway: its regulation and role in inflammation and cell survival. Cancer J. Sci. Am. 4:(Suppl. 1):1998;S92-S99.
34. Kato N., Lan K.H., Ono-Nita S.K., Shiratori Y., Omata M. Hepatitis C virus nonstructural region 5A protein is a potent transcriptional activator. J. Virol. 71:1997;8856-8859.
35. Kim H., Lee H., Yun Y. X-gene product of hepatitis B virus induces apoptosis in liver cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;381-385.
36. Kim R.D., Stein G.S., Chari R.S. Impact of cell swelling on proliferative signal transduction in the liver. J. Cell Biochem. 83:2001;56-69.
37. Koch C.A., Anderson D., Moran M.F., Ellis C., Pawson T. SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Science. 252:1991;668-674.
38. Korkaya H., Jameel S., Gupta D., Tyagi S., Kumar R., Zafrullah M., Mazumdar M., Lal S.K., Xiaofang L., Sehgal D., Das S.R., Sahal D. The ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus binds to Src homology 3 domains and activates MAPK. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;42389-42400.
39. Lee Y.I., Kang-Park S., Do S.-I. The hepatitis B virus X protein activates a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival signaling cascade. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;16969-16977.
40. Lo S.-Y., Masiarz F., Hwang S.B., Lai M.M.C., Ou J.-H. Differential subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus core gene products. Virology. 213:1995;455-461.
41. Major M.E., Rehermann B., Feinstone M. Hepatitis C viruses. Knipe D.M., Howley P.M. Field's Virology. fourth ed. 2001;1127-1161 Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
42. Marusawa H., Hijikata M., Chiba T., Shimotohno K. Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits Fas- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis via NFκB activation. J. Virol. 73:1999;4713-4720.
43. Masuhara M., Yasunaga M., Tanigawa K., Tamura F., Yamashita S., Sakaida I., Okita K. Expression of hepatocyte growth factor, transforming factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta 1 messenger RNA in various human liver diseases and correlation with hepatocyte proliferation. Hepatology. 24:1996;323-329.
44. Matsumoto M., Hwang S.B., Jeng K.-S., Zhu N., Lai M.M.C. Homotypic interactions and multimerization of hepatitis C virus core protein. Virology. 218:1996;43-51.
45. Menzo S., Clementi M., Alfani E., Bagnarelli P., Iacovacci S., Manzin A., Dandri M., Natoli G., Levrero M., Carloni G. Trans-activation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene by the hepatitis B virus X-gene product. Virology. 196:1993;878-882.
46. Moriya K., Fujie H., Shintani Y., Yotsuyanagi H., Tsutsumi T., Ishibashi K., Matsuura Y., Kimura S., Miyamura T., Koike K. The core protein of hepatitis C virus induces hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice. Nat. Med. 4:1998;1065-1067.
47. Murphy P.M. Viral exploitation and subversion of the immune system through chemokine mimicry. Nat. Immunol. 2:2001;116-122.
48. Pan J., Duan L.-X., Sun B.S., Feitelson M.A. Hepatitis B virus X protein protects against anti-Fas-mediated apoptosis in human liver cells by inducing NF-κB. J. Gen. Virol. 82:2001;171-182.
49. Pomerantz J.L., Baltimore D. A cellular rescue team. Nature. 406:2000;26-29.
50. Ray R.B., Lagging L.M., Meyer K., Ray R. Hepatitis C virus core protein cooperates with ras and transforms primary rat embryo fibroblasts to tumorigenic phenotype. J. Virol. 70:1996;4438-4443.
51. Rescan C., Coutant A., Talarmin H., Theret N., Glaise D., Guguen-Guillouzo C., Baffet G. Mechanism in the sequential control of cell morphology and S phase entry by epidermal growth factor involves distinct MEK/ERK activations. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:2001;725-738.
52. Robinson M.J., Cobb M.H. Mitogen activated protein kinase pathways. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:1997;180-186.
53. Sakamuro D., Furukawa T., Takegami T. Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS3 transforms NIH 3T3 cells. J. Virol. 69:1995;3893-3896.
54. Shimamura A., Ballif B.A., Richards S.A., Blenis J. Rsk1 mediates a MEK-MAP kinase cell survival signal. Curr. Biol. 10:2000;127-135.
55. Shin E.C., Shin J.S., Park J.H., Kim H., Kim S.J. Expression of Fas ligand in human hepatoma cell lines: role of hepatitis-B virus X (HBx) in induction of Fas ligand. Int. J. Cancer. 4:1999;587-591.
56. Siddiqui A., Jameel S., Mapoles J.E. Expression of the hepatitis B viral X gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:1987;2513-2517.
57. Su F., Schneider R.J. Hepatitis B virus HBx protein activates transcription factor NF-κB by acting on multiple cytoplasmic inhibitors of rel-related proteins. J. Virol. 70:1996;4558-4566.
58. Talarmin H., Rescan C., Cariou S., Glaise D., Zanninelli G., Bilodeau M., Loyer P., Guguen-Guillouzo C., Baffet G. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase cascade activation is a key signaling pathway involved in the regulation of G1 phase progression in proliferating hepatocytes. Mol. Cell Biol. 19:1999;6003-6011.
59. Tam A.W., Smith M.M., Guerra M.E., Huang C.C., Bradley G.R. Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. Virology. 185:1991;120-131.
60. Tan S.-L., Katze M.G. The emerging role of interferon-induced PKR protein kinase as an apoptotic effector: a new face of death? J. Interf. Cytok. Res. 19:1999;545-556.
61. Tan S.-L., Nakao H., He Y., Vijaysri S., Neddermann P., Jacobs B.L., Mayer B.J., Katze M.G. NS5A, a nonstructural protein of hepatitis C virus, binds growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 adaptor protein in a Src homology 3 domain/ligand-dependent manner and perturbs mitogenic signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:1999;5533-5538.
62. Taub R. Transcriptional control of liver regeneration. FASEB J. 10:1996;413-427.
63. Taylor D.R., Shi S.T., Romano P.R., Barber G.N., Lai M.M.C. Inhibition of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PRK by HCV E2 protein. Science. 285:1999;107-110.
64. Teodoro J.G., Branton P.E. Regulation of apoptosis by viral gene products. J. Virol. 71:1997;1739-1746.
65. Thomson B.J. Viruses and apoptosis. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 82:2001;65-76.
66. Tyagi S., Jameel S., Lal S.K. Self-association and mapping of the interaction domain of hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein. J. Virol. 75:2001;2493-2498.
67. Tyagi S., Korkaya H., Zafrullah M., Jameel S., Lal S.K. The phosphorylated form of ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus interacts with its non-glycosylated form of the capsid protein, ORF2. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;22759-22767.
68. Waris G., Huh K.-W., Siddiqui A. Mitochondrially associated hepatitis B virus X protein constitutively activates transcription factors STAT-3 and NF-κB via oxidative stress. Mol. Cell Biol. 21:2001;7721-7730.
69. Williams, B.R.G., 2001. Signal integration via PKR. Science's STKE. Available from http://www.stke.org/cgi/content/full/oc-sigtrans;2001/89/re2.
70. Yen T.S.B. Hepadnaviral X protein: review of recent progress. J. Biomed. Sci. 3:1996;20-30.
71. Yoshida T., Hanada T., Tokuhisa T., Kosai K., Sata M., Kohara M., Yoshimura A. Activation of STAT3 by the hepatitis C virus core protein leads to cellular transformation. J. Exp. Med. 196:2002;641-653.
72. Zafrullah M., Ozdener M.H., Panda S.K., Jameel S. The ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is a phosphoprotein that associates with the cytoskeleton. J. Virol. 71:1997;9045-9053.
73. Zhu N., Khoshnan A., Schneider R., Matsumoto M., Dennert G., Ware C., Lai M.M.C. Hepatitis C virus core protein binds to the cytoplasmic domain of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 and enhances TNF-induced apoptosis. J. Virol. 72:1998;3691-3697.
74. Zoulim F., Saputelli J., Seeger C. Woodchuck hepatitis B virus X gene is important for viral infection in vivo. J. Virol. 68:1994;2026-2030.
75. Zuckerman A.J. The history of viral hepatitis from antiquity to the present. Deinhardt F., Deinhardt J. Viral Hepatitis: Laboratory and Clinical Science. 1983;3-32 Marcel Dekker, New York.