Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 124, Issue 46, 2002, Pages 13856-13863

  Fürstner, Alois ^a   Leitner, Andreas ^a   Méndez, María ^a   Krause, Helga ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR KOHLENFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS;

CATALYSIS; ESTERS; ETHERS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); THERMAL EFFECTS; TOXIC MATERIALS;

IRON COMPOUNDS;

ACETAL; ALKYL GROUP; ALKYNE; BROMIDE; CHLORIDE; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; ESTER; ETHER; IODIDE; IRON; IRON DERIVATIVE; MANGANESE DERIVATIVE; MONTIPYRIDINE; NATURAL PRODUCT; NITRILE; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; REAGENT; SULFIDE; SULFONAMIDE; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TOLUENESULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CATALYST; CHEMICAL BOND; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; COMPLEX FORMATION; REACTION ANALYSIS; REACTION TIME; ROOM TEMPERATURE; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; SYNTHESIS;

CATALYSIS; CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC; IRON; IRON COMPOUNDS; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 0037146041     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja027190t     Document Type: Article

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31. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
32. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
33. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
34. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
35. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
36. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
37. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
38. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
39. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
40. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
41. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
42. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
43. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
44. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
45. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
46. Total syntheses of architecturally complex targets based on cross-coupling reactions are far too numerous to be covered herein; some of the reviews cited above provide excellent treatises on this field of applications. Therefore. only a very limited selection of seminal contributions is given below. (a) Kishi, Y. Pure Appl., Chem. 1989, 61, 313. (b) Nicolaou, K. C.; Chakraborty, T. K.; Piscopio, A. D.; Minowa, N.: Bertinato, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419. (c) Evans, D. A.; Black. W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114. 2260. (d) Meng, D.; Bertinato, P.; Balog, A.; Su, D.-S.; Kamenecka, T.; Sorensen, E. J.: Danishefsky, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10073. (e) Gyorkos. A. C.; Stille, J. K.; Hegedus, L. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8465. (f) Kende, A. S.; Koch, K.; Dorey, G.; Kaldor, I.; Liu, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 9842. (g) Smith, A. B.; Ott, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3935. (h) White, J. D.; Tiller, T.: Ohba, Y.; Porter, W. J.; Jackson. R. W.; Wang, S.; Hanselmann, R. Chem. Commun. 1998, 79. (i) Johnson, C, R.; Braun, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11014. (j) Fuwa, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tachibana, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 8371. (k) Marshall, J. A.; Johns. B. A. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 7885. (l) Nicolaou, K. C.; Natarajan, S.; Li, H.; Jain, N. F.; Hughes, R.: Solomon, M. E.; Ramanjulu, J. M.; Boddy, C. N. C.; Takayanagi, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708. (m) Boger, D. L.; Miyazaki, S.; Kim, S. H.; Wu, J. H.; Castle, S. L.; Loiseleur, O.; Jin. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10004. (n) Bringmann, G.; Götz, R.; Keller, P. A.; Walter, R.; Boyd, M. R.; Lang, F.; Garcia, A.: Walsh, J. J,; Tellitu, I.; Bhaskar, K. V.; Kelly, T. R. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1090. (o) Han, Q.; Wiemer, D. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992. 114, 7692. (p) Kim, Y.; Singer, R. A.; Carreira, E. M, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1261. (q) Boyce, R. J.; Pattenden, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3501.
47. For some examples from our group, see: (a) Fürstner, A.; Weintritt, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1998, 120, 2817. (b) Fürstner, A.: Konetzki. I. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3072. (c) Fürstner, A.: Grabowski, J.: Lehmann, C. W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8275. (d) Fürstner, A.; Thiel, O. R.; Kindler, N.; Bartkowska, B. J. Org. Chem. 2000. 65. 7990. (e) Fürstner. A.; Dierkes, T.; Thiel, O. R.: Blanda, G. Chem.- Eur. J. 2001, 7, 5286.
48. For some examples from our group, see: (a) Fürstner, A.; Weintritt, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1998, 120, 2817. (b) Fürstner, A.: Konetzki. I. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3072. (c) Fürstner, A.: Grabowski, J.: Lehmann, C. W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8275. (d) Fürstner, A.; Thiel, O. R.; Kindler, N.; Bartkowska, B. J. Org. Chem. 2000. 65. 7990. (e) Fürstner. A.; Dierkes, T.; Thiel, O. R.: Blanda, G. Chem.- Eur. J. 2001, 7, 5286.
49. For some examples from our group, see: (a) Fürstner, A.; Weintritt, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1998, 120, 2817. (b) Fürstner, A.: Konetzki. I. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3072. (c) Fürstner, A.: Grabowski, J.: Lehmann, C. W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8275. (d) Fürstner, A.; Thiel, O. R.; Kindler, N.; Bartkowska, B. J. Org. Chem. 2000. 65. 7990. (e) Fürstner. A.; Dierkes, T.; Thiel, O. R.: Blanda, G. Chem.- Eur. J. 2001, 7, 5286.
50. For some examples from our group, see: (a) Fürstner, A.; Weintritt, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1998, 120, 2817. (b) Fürstner, A.: Konetzki. I. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3072. (c) Fürstner, A.: Grabowski, J.: Lehmann, C. W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8275. (d) Fürstner, A.; Thiel, O. R.; Kindler, N.; Bartkowska, B. J. Org. Chem. 2000. 65. 7990. (e) Fürstner. A.; Dierkes, T.; Thiel, O. R.: Blanda, G. Chem.- Eur. J. 2001, 7, 5286.
51. For some examples from our group, see: (a) Fürstner, A.; Weintritt, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1998, 120, 2817. (b) Fürstner, A.: Konetzki. I. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3072. (c) Fürstner, A.: Grabowski, J.: Lehmann, C. W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8275. (d) Fürstner, A.; Thiel, O. R.; Kindler, N.; Bartkowska, B. J. Org. Chem. 2000. 65. 7990. (e) Fürstner. A.; Dierkes, T.; Thiel, O. R.: Blanda, G. Chem.- Eur. J. 2001, 7, 5286.
52. (a) Handbook of Organopalladium Chemistry for Organic Synthesis; Negishi, E., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 2002.
53. (b) Tsuji, J. Palladium Reagents and Catalysts: Innovations in Organic Synthesis: Wiley: New York, 1996.
54. (c) Trost, B. M.; Verhoeven, T. R. In Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry; Wilkinson, G., Stone, F. G. A., Abel, E. W., Eds.; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1982; Vol. 8. p 799.
55. (a) Grushin, V. V.; Alper, H. Top. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 3, 193.
56. (b) Stürmer, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3307.
57. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
58. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
59. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
60. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
61. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
62. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
63. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
64. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
65. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
66. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
67. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360.
68. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
69. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
70. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
71. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
72. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
73. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
74. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
75. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
76. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
77. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
78. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
79. See the following for leading references and literature cited therein: (a) Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9550. (b) Old, D. W.; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998. 120, 9722. (c) Singer, R. A.; Buchwald, S. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1095. (d) Littke, A. F.; Dai C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. 122, 4020. (e) Dai, C.; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2719. (f) Shaughnessy, K. H.; Kim, P.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 2123. (g) Färstner. A.; Leitner, A. Synlett 2001, 290. (h) Zapf, A.; Ehrentraut, A.; Beller, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4153. (i) Fox, J. M. Huang, X,; Chieffi, A.; Buchwald, S, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360. (j) Zhang, C.; Huang, J.; Trudell, M. L.; Nolan, S. P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3804. (k) Herrmann, W. A.; Reisinger, C.-P.; Spiegler, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 557, 93. (l) Weskamp, T.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herrmann, W. A. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 585, 348. (m) Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.; Böhm, V. P. W.; Herdtweck, E.; Grosche, M.; Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41. 1363. (n) Huang, J.; Nolan, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9889. (o) Lee, H. M.; Nolan, S. P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2053. (p) Lipshutz, B. H. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 313. (q) Bei, X.; Turner, H. W.; Weinberg, W. H.; Guram, A. S.; Petersen, J. L., J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6797. (r) Reetz, M. T.; Breinbauer, R.; Wanninger, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 4499. (s) LeBlond, C. R.; Andrews, A. T.; Sun, Y.; Sowa, J. R., Jr. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 1555. (t) Bedford, R. B.; Cazin, C. S. J. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1540. (u) Liu, S.-Y.; Choi, M. J.; Fu, G. C. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2408. (v) Li, G. Y.; Zheng, G.; Noonan, A. F. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66., 8677. (w) Botella, L.; Nájera, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 179. (x) Li, G. Y. Marshall, W. J. Organometallics 2002, 21, 590.
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153. Prepared in analogy to: Gerloch, M.; Lewis, J.; Mabbs, F. E.; Richards, A. J. Chem. Soc. A 1968, 112. For a detailed procedure, see the Supporting Information.
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156. For reviews on organomanganese compounds, (a) see: Cahiez, G. In Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis; Paquette, L. A., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1995; pp 925 and 3227. (b) Normant, J.-F.; Cahiez. G. In Modern Synthetic Methods; Scheffold, R. Ed.; Sauerländer-Salle: Frankfurt. Germany, 1983; Vol. 3, p 173. (c) Oshima, K. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 575. 1.
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165. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
166. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
167. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
168. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
169. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
170. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
171. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
172. For selected references on conventional cross-coupling reactions of such substrates, see: (a) Thorsett, E. D.; Stermitz, F. R. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1973, 10, 243. (b) Pridgen, L. N. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12, 443. (c) Ohsawa, A.; Abe, Y.; Igeta, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2550. (d) Yamanaka, H.; Edo, K.; Shoji, F.; Konno, S.; Sakamoto, T.; Mizugaki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1978, 26, 2160. (e) Bonnet, V.; Mongin, F.; Trécourt, F.; Quéguiner, G.; Knochel, P. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 4429. (f) Böhm, V. P. W.; Weskamp T.; Gstöttmayr, C. W. K.: Herrmann, W. A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1602. (g) Babudri, F.; Florio, S.; Ronzini, L.; Aresta, M. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 1515. (h) Piccolo, O.; Martinengo, T. Synth. Commun. 1981, 11, 497.
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