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Polymer topology here refers to the geometric arrangement of monomeric units on a macromolecule, such as linear, hyperbranched and dendritic. Other terms, such as microstructure and architecture, are also used frequently in literature to describe polymers with different structures. Microstructure is usually used to describe polymer local structures which is not sufficient for characterizing macromolecular global topology. The term "polymer architecture" has been used very broadly to describe many types of polymer structures including star, block and graft polymers, polymers with various branching forms, and polymers with different tacticity. In this review, the term topology is chosen to describe polymers that are made of the same building blocks but in different geometric arrangements.
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